Dynamic spectrum scheduling method and system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of dynamic spectrum scheduling, and provides a dynamic spectrum scheduling method and system, and the method comprises the steps: constructing a distributed account book which is used for recording the spectrum allocation, load condition and interference information of a narrowband base station; constructing a main chain of the block chain, and sharing the distributed account book among the managed narrowband base stations based on a dynamic auxiliary chain by using the main chain; the narrowband base station performs topological division based on the interference information, divides the network into a plurality of sub-regions, and constructs a dynamic auxiliary chain for each sub-region; the dynamic auxiliary chain performs frequency spectrum scheduling on the subordinate sub-region according to a preset smart contract, and updates the dynamic auxiliary chain according to a scheduling result; and performing asynchronous synchronization on the main chain according to the dynamic auxiliary chain updating result.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of dynamic spectrum scheduling, and in particular relates to a dynamic spectrum scheduling method and system. Background Art

[0002] As a wireless communication technology designed for low power and wide coverage (LPWA) scenarios, narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) has been widely used in smart cities, smart agriculture, industrial monitoring and other fields. The narrowband base station in the NB-IoT network is an important infrastructure for terminal device access and communication, and its performance directly affects the service quality of the entire network. However, since narrowband base stations usually adopt a lightweight design, their hardware performance and computing power are relatively low, and they show the following shortcomings when facing complex network environments and high spectrum requirements: Narrowband communication technology uses a narrow spectrum bandwidth (usually 180kHz), and spectrum resources are very limited. When a large number of terminal devices are connected, the spectrum utilization rate decreases, making it difficult to meet the needs of multiple devices communicating concurrently. In particular, in scenarios with dense devices or sudden loads, the problem of spectrum resource allocation is particularly prominent.

[0003] In the densely deployed NB-IoT network, co-channel interference between narrowband base stations, interference in adjacent frequency bands, and signal interference between terminal devices significantly reduce the communication quality. In addition, noise interference in the external environment further deteriorates the channel state, resulting in reduced transmission efficiency.

[0004] Due to the uneven distribution of users and the dynamic changes in terminal device requirements, the loads of different narrowband base stations vary significantly. Some base stations have tight spectrum resources and are overloaded, while other base stations may have idle resources, resulting in low overall resource utilization.

[0005] Current spectrum scheduling methods mostly use a centralized architecture, which requires unified optimization of spectrum resources across the entire network. This method significantly increases computing overhead and scheduling delay when the device scale increases or the base station density increases, especially when the performance of narrowband base stations is limited, making it difficult to meet real-time requirements.

[0006] To solve the above problems, there is an urgent need for a dynamic scheduling method that can take into account efficient utilization of spectrum resources, interference suppression and load balancing, while adapting to the low performance of narrowband base stations. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a dynamic spectrum scheduling method, which comprises the following steps: Building a distributed ledger for recording spectrum allocation, load conditions, and interference information of narrowband base stations; Constructing a blockchain main chain, and using the main chain to share the distributed ledger among the managed narrowband base stations based on a dynamic auxiliary chain; The narrowband base station performs topology division based on the interference information, divides the network into multiple sub-areas, and builds a dynamic auxiliary link for each sub-area; The dynamic auxiliary chain performs spectrum scheduling for the sub-area according to the preset smart contract, and updates the dynamic auxiliary chain according to the scheduling result; Asynchronously synchronize the main chain based on the update results of the dynamic auxiliary chain.

[0008] Furthermore, the narrowband base station performs topology division based on the interference information, divides the network into multiple sub-areas, and constructs a dynamic auxiliary link for each sub-area, specifically including: Collect and record interference information, user needs and coverage through narrowband base stations to build the initial topology of the network; Construct an interference graph and a user distribution graph based on the interference weight and the user distribution; Use clustering or graph partitioning algorithms to divide the network into several sub-regions with the goal of minimizing interference between regions and balancing the load within the region; Initialize a dynamic auxiliary link for each sub-area, record and manage the spectrum resource usage and load status of the base stations in the area.

[0009] Further, the initializing of a dynamic auxiliary link for each sub-area, recording and managing spectrum resource usage and load status of base stations in the area includes: Initialize the ledger and create initial records in the auxiliary chain, including spectrum resource allocation, current load status, and historical scheduling records of base stations in the sub-area; Node registration: All base stations in the sub-area are registered as dynamic auxiliary chain nodes to ensure that they have the authority to participate in spectrum scheduling and account book updates; Smart contract deployment: deploy smart contracts for regional spectrum scheduling in the dynamic auxiliary chain; Connected with the main chain, the dynamic auxiliary chain establishes a connection with the blockchain main chain, synchronizes the scheduling results in the region to the main chain according to the cycle or trigger conditions, and supports cross-regional collaboration and global optimization.

[0010] Furthermore, the rules of the smart contract include: Spectrum allocation rules: Prioritize the allocation of frequency bands with interference lower than a preset value to high-priority users or base stations; Dynamically adjust spectrum allocation weights based on real-time load status; Avoid adjacent base stations from using the same frequency band to reduce the probability of spectrum conflict; Load balancing rules: Monitor base station load status; reallocating spectrum resources between base stations with a load higher than a preset value and base stations with a load lower than a preset value; Disruption minimization rules: Calculate the interference weights between base stations in the area and allocate non-overlapping spectrum based on the weights; For frequency bands where the interference is higher than the preset value, time slot multiplexing is performed to avoid simultaneous use.

[0011] Furthermore, the asynchronous synchronization of the main chain according to the dynamic auxiliary chain update result includes: After completing the spectrum scheduling in the sub-area, the dynamic auxiliary chain records the scheduling results and generates updated content, including spectrum allocation plan, load balancing results, interference coordination status and smart contract execution records; The dynamic auxiliary chain initiates a synchronization request to the main chain through a preset trigger mechanism; The dynamic auxiliary chain packages and signs the update results and uploads them to the main chain through a secure channel; The main chain verifies and integrates the received data, appends it to the main chain ledger as a new block, and forms a global view of the spectrum resources of the entire network; The main chain feeds back the synchronization results, optimizes and adjusts spectrum resources based on the global data view, and sends the optimization plan to each dynamic auxiliary chain to guide subsequent scheduling.

[0012] Another aspect of the present invention further provides a dynamic spectrum scheduling system, the system comprising the following modules: A distributed ledger module, used to construct a distributed ledger, wherein the distributed ledger is used to record spectrum allocation, load conditions and interference information of narrowband base stations; A main chain module, used to construct a blockchain main chain, and use the main chain to share the distributed ledger among the managed narrowband base stations based on a dynamic auxiliary chain; A partitioning module, configured for the narrowband base station to perform topology partitioning based on the interference information, divide the network into a plurality of sub-areas, and construct a dynamic auxiliary link for each sub-area; A scheduling module, used for the dynamic auxiliary chain to perform spectrum scheduling for the sub-area according to a preset smart contract, and update the dynamic auxiliary chain according to the scheduling result; The synchronization module is used to asynchronously synchronize the main chain according to the update results of the dynamic auxiliary chain.

[0013] Furthermore, the narrowband base station performs topology division based on the interference information, divides the network into multiple sub-areas, and constructs a dynamic auxiliary link for each sub-area, specifically including: Collect and record interference information, user needs and coverage through narrowband base stations to build the initial topology of the network; Construct an interference graph and a user distribution graph based on the interference weight and the user distribution; Use clustering or graph partitioning algorithms to divide the network into several sub-regions with the goal of minimizing interference between regions and balancing the load within the region; Initialize a dynamic auxiliary link for each sub-area, record and manage the spectrum resource usage and load status of the base stations in the area.

[0014] Further, the initializing of a dynamic auxiliary link for each sub-area, recording and managing spectrum resource usage and load status of base stations in the area includes: Initialize the ledger and create initial records in the auxiliary chain, including spectrum resource allocation, current load status, and historical scheduling records of base stations in the sub-area; Node registration: All base stations in the sub-area are registered as dynamic auxiliary chain nodes to ensure that they have the authority to participate in spectrum scheduling and account book updates; Smart contract deployment: deploy smart contracts for regional spectrum scheduling in the dynamic auxiliary chain; Connected with the main chain, the dynamic auxiliary chain establishes a connection with the blockchain main chain, synchronizes the scheduling results in the region to the main chain according to the cycle or trigger conditions, and supports cross-regional collaboration and global optimization.

[0015] Furthermore, the rules of the smart contract include: Spectrum allocation rules: Prioritize the allocation of frequency bands with interference lower than a preset value to high-priority users or base stations; Dynamically adjust spectrum allocation weights based on real-time load status; Avoid adjacent base stations from using the same frequency band to reduce the probability of spectrum conflict; Load balancing rules: Monitor base station load status; reallocating spectrum resources between base stations with a load higher than a preset value and base stations with a load lower than a preset value; Disruption minimization rules: Calculate the interference weights between base stations in the area and allocate non-overlapping spectrum based on the weights; For frequency bands where the interference is higher than the preset value, time slot multiplexing is performed to avoid simultaneous use.

[0016] Furthermore, the asynchronous synchronization of the main chain according to the dynamic auxiliary chain update result includes: After completing the spectrum scheduling in the sub-area, the dynamic auxiliary chain records the scheduling results and generates updated content, including spectrum allocation plan, load balancing results, interference coordination status and smart contract execution records; The dynamic auxiliary chain initiates a synchronization request to the main chain through a preset trigger mechanism; The dynamic auxiliary chain packages and signs the update results and uploads them to the main chain through a secure channel; The main chain verifies and integrates the received data, appends it to the main chain ledger as a new block, and forms a global view of the spectrum resources of the entire network; The main chain feeds back the synchronization results, optimizes and adjusts spectrum resources based on the global data view, and sends the optimization plan to each dynamic auxiliary chain to guide subsequent scheduling.

[0017] The dynamic spectrum scheduling method proposed in the present invention, based on blockchain technology in the narrowband base station scenario, has the following beneficial effects: Through distributed ledger technology and asynchronous synchronization mechanism, computing-intensive tasks are dispersed to the auxiliary chain and the main chain for operation, avoiding the problem of narrowband base stations being unable to complete complex scheduling tasks due to insufficient performance, and effectively improving the operating efficiency and robustness of the system.

[0018] Through the refined management of spectrum resources in sub-regions by dynamic auxiliary links and the global optimization of cross-regional resources by the main link, it has a global view, realizes dynamic allocation and reuse of spectrum, and significantly improves spectrum utilization, especially in resource-constrained narrowband base station environments.

[0019] Based on the interference information, the network topology is divided, and high-interference base stations are allocated to the same sub-area. The spectrum allocation strategy is optimized through intra-regional collaboration to reduce the interference superposition between regions. At the same time, the smart contract automated scheduling further suppresses channel interference and improves communication quality.

[0020] The hierarchical management structure decomposes spectrum scheduling into local optimization within sub-regions and global coordination across regions. The auxiliary chain independently completes the spectrum allocation within the region, and the main chain only handles global data integration and cross-regional optimization, which significantly reduces the computational complexity of the entire network scheduling.

[0021] The distributed ledger and consensus mechanism based on blockchain ensures the data security and credibility in the spectrum scheduling process. At the same time, the asynchronous synchronization mechanism between the main chain and the auxiliary chain maintains the consistency of data across the entire network, providing a guarantee for the reliable operation of the system.

[0022] Through the above effects, this method can effectively solve the problems of limited spectrum resources, complex interference and uneven load of narrowband base stations, significantly improve the communication performance and resource management efficiency of the network, and is particularly suitable for IoT application scenarios of low-performance narrowband base stations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] Below, the invention is preferably described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0026] This embodiment solves the above problem through the following steps: In one embodiment, reference Figure 1 The present invention provides a dynamic spectrum scheduling method, which realizes efficient allocation and optimization of spectrum resources based on blockchain technology by dynamically sensing the spectrum usage, user needs and interference characteristics of narrowband base stations, so as to meet the bandwidth requirements, service quality requirements and interference suppression goals of different base stations and user equipment in specific communication scenarios.

[0027] In the present invention, dynamic spectrum scheduling refers to dynamically adjusting the spectrum resource allocation strategy according to the real-time collected network status (such as user load, interference information and channel quality) under the condition of limited spectrum resources, so as to optimize communication performance and resource utilization efficiency.

[0028] Narrowband base stations specifically refer to base station equipment used to support narrowband communication protocols (such as NB-IoT). They are usually used in low-speed, low-power, and large-scale connected IoT scenarios, and have the characteristics of limited spectrum resources and restricted hardware capabilities.

[0029] The present invention performs dynamic spectrum scheduling based on the characteristics of limited spectrum resources and limited hardware capabilities of narrowband base stations, and specifically includes the following steps: Step S10, constructing a distributed ledger, which is used to record spectrum allocation, load conditions and interference information of narrowband base stations.

[0030] A distributed ledger refers to a ledger system based on distributed storage technology, which is used to share and store data among multiple network nodes (such as the narrowband base stations targeted by the present invention). The ledger is decentralized, and each node can access the complete content of the ledger, and the synchronization and consistency of the data are ensured through a consensus mechanism. The construction of a distributed ledger can avoid single point failures and improve the robustness of the system and data security.

[0031] Spectrum allocation refers to the process of allocating limited wireless spectrum resources to different narrowband base stations or user devices on demand to meet communication needs. The ledger records spectrum allocation information to track the spectrum usage status of each base station and provide a basis for dynamic adjustment and optimization.

[0032] Load conditions refer to the communication load carried by a narrowband base station in a certain period of time, including but not limited to the number of user connections, bandwidth requirements and traffic occupancy ratio. The record of load information can be used to evaluate the resource utilization efficiency and load balancing of the base station.

[0033] Interference information refers to interference parameters that affect the quality of wireless communications, including but not limited to spectrum overlap interference from adjacent base stations, signal interference between user devices, and noise interference in the external environment. Interference information provides an optimization basis for spectrum scheduling and collaboration between base stations.

[0034] In this step, the distributed ledger is a decentralized data storage and management system based on distributed storage technology. The ledger is used to record the spectrum allocation information, load conditions and interference information of narrowband base stations, aiming to achieve information sharing among multiple narrowband base stations and efficient coordinated management of spectrum resources.

[0035] The main function of the distributed ledger is to serve as the core data storage platform for narrowband base station spectrum scheduling, and to provide data support for spectrum allocation, interference coordination and load balancing between base stations by recording and sharing real-time status information. Specific uses include: Record the current allocation status and historical allocation records of base station spectrum to provide decision-making basis for dynamic adjustment and optimization.

[0036] By recording the real-time communication load of base stations, including the number of connected users, bandwidth requirements and service quality indicators, load distribution between base stations can be balanced.

[0037] Record the type, strength, spectrum occupancy and other information of the interference source to provide support for interference suppression and spectrum reuse.

[0038] Specifically, the distributed ledger includes the following data fields: Spectrum allocation information: Allocated frequency band: records the specific frequency band range allocated to each base station.

[0039] Usage time: mark the start and end time of the frequency band allocation and the usage period.

[0040] Allocation priority: indicates the priority weight of spectrum allocation, which is used to support priority processing of key users or tasks.

[0041] Load information: Number of user connections: The number of currently active connected users on each base station.

[0042] Bandwidth demand: Real-time uplink and downlink bandwidth usage of each base station.

[0043] Quality of service (QoS) indicators: including latency, packet loss rate, and throughput.

[0044] Interference information: Interference source location: The geographical distribution coordinates or signal coverage of the interference source.

[0045] Interference strength: The interference level expressed as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or interference-to-noise ratio (INR).

[0046] Interference type: such as co-channel interference, adjacent frequency band interference or environmental noise.

[0047] The above spectrum, load and interference data are collected in real time by narrowband base stations and transmitted to the storage module of the distributed ledger through a secure data channel. Decentralized storage technology (such as distributed hash table DHT or blockchain storage architecture) is used to achieve data distribution storage, and each base station node holds a partial or full copy of the ledger. The base station nodes collaborate to complete the verification and update of the ledger data, and a consensus mechanism (such as practical Byzantine fault tolerance PBFT or delegated proof of stake DPoS) is used to ensure the synchronization and consistency of the ledger data. The narrowband base station accesses the ledger in real time through a standardized interface (such as API) to obtain the current spectrum allocation, load and interference information.

[0048] Step S20: construct a blockchain main chain, and use the main chain to share the distributed ledger among the managed narrowband base stations based on the dynamic auxiliary chain.

[0049] The blockchain main chain described in this step is the core data link of the entire blockchain network. It is collaboratively maintained and verified by multiple nodes and is used to record the master data of the global distributed ledger, including spectrum allocation plans, base station load status, and cross-regional interference information. It is responsible for managing the collaboration between multiple dynamic auxiliary chains, unifying and integrating spectrum resource usage information from each sub-region to form a global view. As a data exchange channel between narrowband base stations, it ensures real-time synchronization and consistency of ledger information across the entire network. By summarizing and analyzing the update results of dynamic auxiliary chains, a global optimization solution is provided for spectrum resource allocation between different regions.

[0050] The dynamic auxiliary chain is an extended subchain of the main chain, which is specially used to record and manage the distributed ledger data in a specific sub-region. The main function of the dynamic auxiliary chain is to share the computing and storage load of the main chain and support efficient resource allocation in the region. The dynamic auxiliary chain is responsible for real-time data recording and updating of spectrum scheduling in the sub-region; the main chain integrates the data of all auxiliary chains to provide a basis for global optimization. The auxiliary chain synchronizes its ledger update results to the main chain regularly or on demand, and the main chain completes the unified integration and release of global data. The specific construction method of the dynamic auxiliary chain will be described in detail in the subsequent steps.

[0051] In this step, the main chain is responsible for integrating and managing the distributed ledger data recorded in the dynamic auxiliary chain, and uniformly updating the spectrum allocation plan, load status and interference information of the narrowband base station. The main chain ensures the data consistency and synchronization reliability of the distributed ledger between multiple base station nodes through a consensus mechanism. Based on the regionalized ledger update results provided by the dynamic auxiliary chain, the main chain performs cross-regional spectrum optimization and coordinated scheduling, and distributes the optimization results to the corresponding auxiliary chain; the main chain supports the dynamic expansion of nodes and adapts to the access needs of new base stations through a flexible chain structure. The main chain provides basic support for the intelligent and collaborative scheduling of narrowband base station spectrum by building a global data sharing system and a decentralized management mechanism.

[0052] Step S30: The narrowband base station performs topology division based on the interference information, divides the network into multiple sub-areas, and builds a dynamic auxiliary link for each sub-area.

[0053] In this step, by analyzing the interference information of narrowband base stations, user needs and network coverage, the preset topology partitioning algorithm is used to divide the entire network into several sub-areas, and a corresponding dynamic auxiliary link is built for each sub-area to achieve regionalized spectrum resource management and scheduling optimization.

[0054] The specific process includes the following steps: Step S31, collecting and recording interference information, user requirements and coverage through narrowband base stations to build an initial topology of the network.

[0055] Interference information includes but is not limited to co-channel interference between base stations, in-band interference in adjacent frequency bands, and external environmental noise interference. Interference parameters are obtained through real-time signal measurement, and their strength (such as signal-to-noise ratio SNR or interference-to-noise ratio INR), frequency band occupancy range, and interference time are recorded. User demand information is collected by the base station, including the number of connected users, bandwidth requirements, service priority, and distribution location within its service range. The coverage range is calculated through the geographical location, transmission power, and signal gain of the narrowband base station, which is used to determine the service area and signal overlap of the base station. By integrating the above information, the initial network topology is constructed in the form of a graph, where nodes represent base stations and edges represent interference or coverage overlap between base stations.

[0056] Step S32: construct an interference graph and a user distribution graph based on the interference weight and the user distribution.

[0057] By analyzing the data collected in step S31, the interference information in the network is modeled as an undirected weighted graph, where the nodes in the interference graph represent narrowband base stations, the weights of the edges represent the interference intensity between base stations, and the weight values ​​are calculated according to the following formula: , in: represents the weight of the edge between base stations i and j; represents the transmission power of base station i; represents the channel gain between base stations i and j; represents the noise power of base station j.

[0058] In addition, a user distribution graph is constructed, in which nodes represent base stations and their service users, and edge weights represent users' connection bandwidth requirements or the proximity between geographical locations. By constructing interference graphs and user distribution graphs, a visual expression of the interference relationship and load distribution of the network is formed, providing an optimization basis for subsequent regional division.

[0059] Step S33, using a clustering or graph partitioning algorithm to divide the network into regions, with the goal of minimizing interference between regions and balancing loads within regions, and dividing the network into several sub-regions.

[0060] Based on the interference graph and user distribution graph, clustering algorithms (such as K-means, density peak clustering) or graph segmentation algorithms (such as graph segmentation based on minimum cut or spectral clustering algorithms) are applied to perform topological partitioning of the network. The goal of the clustering algorithm is to divide base stations with higher interference intensity into the same sub-area to reduce the interference impact between areas while maintaining load balance in each sub-area. The graph segmentation algorithm ensures the rationality of the partitioning results by optimizing the segmentation strategy (such as minimizing the edge weight or maximizing the edge density within the sub-graph). In addition, the preliminary partitioning results are corrected according to the geographical location and coverage of the base station to avoid isolated nodes in the sub-area or excessive cross-regional phenomena. Finally, the network is divided into several independent but collaborative sub-areas, laying the foundation for spectrum resource scheduling in each sub-area.

[0061] Step S34, initializing a dynamic auxiliary link for each sub-area, recording and managing the spectrum resource usage and load status of the base stations in the area.

[0062] A dynamic auxiliary chain is created in each sub-area. The dynamic auxiliary chain is a distributed ledger built based on blockchain technology, which is used to record the spectrum allocation, real-time load status and interference coordination information of the base stations in the area. The initialization of the dynamic auxiliary chain includes the following steps: Step S341, the account book is initialized, and an initial record is created in the auxiliary chain, including the spectrum resource allocation, current load status and historical scheduling records of the base stations in the sub-area.

[0063] Step S342: Node registration. All base stations in the sub-area are registered as dynamic auxiliary chain nodes to ensure that they have the authority to participate in spectrum scheduling and account book update.

[0064] Step S343, smart contract deployment, deploying a smart contract for regional spectrum scheduling in the dynamic auxiliary chain. The contract rules include load balancing, interference minimization, and resource allocation priority to support subsequent automated scheduling.

[0065] Step S344: Connect with the main chain. The dynamic auxiliary chain establishes a connection with the blockchain main chain, and synchronizes the scheduling results in the region to the main chain according to the cycle or trigger conditions, supporting cross-regional collaboration and global optimization.

[0066] By building a dynamic auxiliary link, real-time management and dynamic scheduling of base station spectrum resources in the sub-area can be achieved, providing technical support for improving spectrum utilization efficiency and reducing inter-regional interference.

[0067] Step S40: the dynamic auxiliary chain performs spectrum scheduling for the sub-area according to the preset smart contract, and updates the dynamic auxiliary chain according to the scheduling result.

[0068] Smart contracts are a set of automated rules running on a dynamic auxiliary chain that predefines the decision logic and execution process of spectrum scheduling, and are used to achieve spectrum allocation, load balancing, and interference suppression within sub-areas.

[0069] In order to achieve dynamic scheduling of spectrum, the rules of the smart contract in the present invention are as follows: Spectrum allocation rules: Prioritize the allocation of low-interference frequency bands to high-priority users or base stations; Dynamically adjust spectrum allocation weights based on real-time load status; Avoid adjacent base stations from using the same frequency band to reduce the probability of spectrum conflict.

[0070] Load balancing rules: Monitor base station load status (such as bandwidth usage and number of connections); Reallocate spectrum resources between overloaded base stations and underloaded base stations.

[0071] Disruption minimization rules: Calculate the interference weights between base stations in the area and allocate non-overlapping spectrum based on the weights; Time slot reuse is performed on high-interference frequency bands to avoid simultaneous use.

[0072] Furthermore, smart contracts can be automatically executed through the following trigger conditions: Timing trigger: re-evaluate the spectrum scheduling plan at a set time interval (e.g. every 5 minutes); Event triggering: Scheduling is initiated when a specific event occurs (e.g., base station load exceeds a threshold, interference level rises); User request trigger: When a user or device applies for additional spectrum resources, the smart contract is triggered to calculate the available resources.

[0073] During system operation, the smart contract obtains real-time spectrum resources, load status and interference information from the dynamic auxiliary chain; calculates new spectrum scheduling plans according to preset rules; generates updated spectrum allocation plans and pushes them to each base station node.

[0074] After the smart contract completes the spectrum scheduling, the scheduling results are written into the dynamic auxiliary chain ledger, and the ledger content is updated to ensure consistency.

[0075] The scheduling results are written into the dynamic auxiliary chain ledger in the form of transaction records, and the ledger is updated through the following steps: Dynamic auxiliary chain nodes collaborate to verify the validity of scheduling results; The scheduling result generates a new block and appends it to the Annex Chain ledger; The updated ledger is synchronized within the sub-region and uploaded to the main chain regularly or on demand, supporting global optimization of cross-region scheduling.

[0076] Through the above steps, the dynamic auxiliary link realizes efficient management and scheduling optimization of sub-regional spectrum resources, providing technical support for improving spectrum utilization and reducing communication interference.

[0077] Step S50: asynchronously synchronize the main chain according to the update result of the dynamic auxiliary chain. The specific process includes: Step S51: After completing the spectrum scheduling in the sub-area, the dynamic auxiliary chain records the scheduling results and generates update content, including spectrum allocation plan, load balancing results, interference coordination status and smart contract execution records.

[0078] The spectrum allocation plan includes: recording the allocated frequency band, allocation priority and usage period of each base station in the sub-area; marking the newly added or released spectrum resources and the reasons for the adjustment of the corresponding base stations (such as load changes or interference suppression).

[0079] The load balancing results include: recording the load changes of each base station after scheduling, including the number of connected users, bandwidth occupancy and service quality indicators (such as latency and throughput).

[0080] The interference coordination status includes: recording the scheduling scheme’s suppression effect on base station interference in the area (such as the improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)); marking the changing trends of the main interference sources and the interference weights between base stations before and after scheduling.

[0081] Smart contract execution records include: saving the smart contract rules triggered during the scheduling process (such as spectrum allocation or load balancing rules) and the execution status and results of each rule.

[0082] Step S52: The dynamic auxiliary chain initiates a synchronization request to the main chain through a preset trigger mechanism (such as periodic trigger or event trigger).

[0083] The dynamic auxiliary chain automatically decides whether to initiate a synchronization request to the main chain based on the preset synchronization trigger conditions. The trigger mechanism includes: Periodic triggering: Check the update content of the auxiliary chain ledger at a predetermined time interval (such as every 10 minutes). If there is a new transaction record, a synchronization request is automatically triggered. Periodic triggering ensures that the main chain regularly receives the latest regional data.

[0084] Event triggering: When a specific event occurs in a sub-area (such as a surge in load, interference exceeding a set threshold, or insufficient spectrum resource allocation), the auxiliary chain immediately initiates a synchronization request to the main chain. The event triggering mechanism improves the response speed to dynamic network environments.

[0085] External trigger: When the main chain or other dynamic auxiliary chain requests regional data, the auxiliary chain actively triggers the synchronization process.

[0086] The trigger request contains the identity information, ledger summary and synchronization purpose of the auxiliary chain, which is used to notify the main chain to start subsequent data reception and processing.

[0087] Step S53: The dynamic auxiliary chain packages and signs the update result and uploads it to the main chain through a secure channel.

[0088] After triggering the synchronization request, the dynamic auxiliary chain packages the update results and uploads them to the main chain, packaging the update content (including spectrum allocation plan, load balancing results, interference coordination status and smart contract execution records) in a predetermined structured format; The data packet contains a unique identifier, timestamp, and issuing node information for each record for verification and archiving by the main chain. The auxiliary chain encrypts the packaged data through a digital signature to ensure the integrity and credibility of the data during transmission; the signature uses the private key of the auxiliary chain node, and the main chain verifies the validity of the signature through its public key.

[0089] In step S54, the main chain verifies and integrates the received data, and appends it to the main chain ledger as a new block, forming a global view of the spectrum resources of the entire network.

[0090] The main chain integrates the update results of all dynamic auxiliary chains into a global view, including the spectrum resource usage, base station load status and interference distribution of each sub-region. During the data integration process, the main chain handles possible conflicts (such as overlapping issues of cross-regional spectrum allocation) through preset rules. The main chain generates a new block with the integrated global data and appends it to the end of the main chain account book; the new block contains a timestamp, a summary of the integrated data and a complete transaction record to ensure the consistency and traceability of the entire network account book. Through this step, the main chain forms a spectrum resource status view across the entire network, providing a basis for subsequent optimization and distribution.

[0091] In step S55, the main chain feeds back the synchronization result, optimizes and adjusts the spectrum resources based on the global data view, and sends the optimization plan to each dynamic auxiliary chain to guide subsequent scheduling.

[0092] The main chain will feed back the synchronization results to the dynamic auxiliary chain. Based on the integrated global data view, the main chain will perform cross-regional optimization of spectrum resources, including: adjusting the spectrum allocation between sub-regions to avoid spectrum resource conflicts or insufficient allocation; coordinating load balancing between regions to transfer communication pressure in high-load areas; optimizing interference distribution to reduce the impact of cross-regional interference.

[0093] The main chain sends the optimized spectrum allocation plan to each dynamic auxiliary chain in the form of structured data; after the dynamic auxiliary chain receives the plan, it adjusts the spectrum scheduling rules and execution strategies in the sub-area based on the global optimization results.

[0094] Through the above asynchronous synchronization mechanism, the main chain can effectively integrate the regional scheduling results of the dynamic auxiliary chain, and asynchronous computing can make full use of the weak computing power of the node. It does not need to meet the real-time requirements and can perform calculations during the non-busy period of the node, thus ensuring the efficiency, consistency and dynamic adaptability of the spectrum resource allocation of the whole network.

[0095] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a dynamic spectrum scheduling system, comprising: A distributed ledger module, used to construct a distributed ledger, wherein the distributed ledger is used to record spectrum allocation, load conditions and interference information of narrowband base stations; A main chain module, used to construct a blockchain main chain, and use the main chain to share the distributed ledger among the managed narrowband base stations based on a dynamic auxiliary chain; A partitioning module, configured for the narrowband base station to perform topology partitioning based on the interference information, divide the network into a plurality of sub-areas, and construct a dynamic auxiliary link for each sub-area; A scheduling module, used for the dynamic auxiliary chain to perform spectrum scheduling for the sub-area according to a preset smart contract, and update the dynamic auxiliary chain according to the scheduling result; The synchronization module is used to asynchronously synchronize the main chain according to the update results of the dynamic auxiliary chain.

[0096] The prior art mentioned in the above background technology section and specific embodiment section of the present invention can be used as part of the present invention to understand the meaning of some technical features or parameters.

Claims

1. A dynamic spectrum scheduling method, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Building a distributed ledger for recording spectrum allocation, load conditions, and interference information of narrowband base stations; Constructing a blockchain main chain, and using the main chain to share the distributed ledger among the managed narrowband base stations based on a dynamic auxiliary chain; The narrowband base station performs topology division based on the interference information, divides the network into multiple sub-areas, and builds a dynamic auxiliary link for each sub-area; The dynamic auxiliary chain performs spectrum scheduling for the sub-area according to the preset smart contract, and updates the dynamic auxiliary chain according to the scheduling result; Asynchronously synchronize the main chain based on the update results of the dynamic auxiliary chain.

2. The dynamic spectrum scheduling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The narrowband base station performs topology division based on the interference information to divide the network into multiple sub-areas, and constructs a dynamic auxiliary link for each sub-area, specifically including: Collect and record interference information, user needs and coverage through narrowband base stations to build the initial topology of the network; Construct an interference graph and a user distribution graph based on the interference weight and the user distribution; Use clustering or graph partitioning algorithms to divide the network into several sub-regions with the goal of minimizing interference between regions and balancing the load within the region; Initialize a dynamic auxiliary link for each sub-area, record and manage the spectrum resource usage and load status of the base stations in the area.

3. The dynamic spectrum scheduling method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Initializing a dynamic auxiliary link for each sub-area and recording and managing spectrum resource usage and load status of base stations in the area includes: Initialize the ledger and create initial records in the auxiliary chain, including spectrum resource allocation, current load status, and historical scheduling records of base stations in the sub-area; Node registration: All base stations in the sub-area are registered as dynamic auxiliary chain nodes to ensure that they have the authority to participate in spectrum scheduling and account book updates; Smart contract deployment: deploy smart contracts for regional spectrum scheduling in the dynamic auxiliary chain; Connected with the main chain, the dynamic auxiliary chain establishes a connection with the blockchain main chain, synchronizes the scheduling results in the region to the main chain according to the cycle or trigger conditions, and supports cross-regional collaboration and global optimization.

4. The dynamic spectrum scheduling method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rules of the smart contract include: Spectrum allocation rules: Prioritize the allocation of frequency bands with interference lower than a preset value to high-priority users or base stations; Dynamically adjust spectrum allocation weights based on real-time load status; Avoid adjacent base stations from using the same frequency band to reduce the probability of spectrum conflict; Load balancing rules: Monitor base station load status; reallocating spectrum resources between base stations with a load higher than a preset value and base stations with a load lower than a preset value; Disruption minimization rules: Calculate the interference weights between base stations in the area and allocate non-overlapping spectrum based on the weights; For frequency bands where interference is higher than a preset value, time slot multiplexing is performed to avoid simultaneous use.

5. The dynamic spectrum scheduling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The asynchronous synchronization of the main chain according to the dynamic auxiliary chain update result includes: After completing the spectrum scheduling in the sub-area, the dynamic auxiliary chain records the scheduling results and generates updated content, including spectrum allocation plan, load balancing results, interference coordination status and smart contract execution records; The dynamic auxiliary chain initiates a synchronization request to the main chain through a preset trigger mechanism; The dynamic auxiliary chain packages and signs the update results and uploads them to the main chain through a secure channel; The main chain verifies and integrates the received data, appends it to the main chain ledger as a new block, and forms a global view of the spectrum resources of the entire network; The main chain feeds back the synchronization results, optimizes and adjusts spectrum resources based on the global data view, and sends the optimization plan to each dynamic auxiliary chain to guide subsequent scheduling.

6. A dynamic spectrum scheduling system, characterized in that: The system includes the following modules: A distributed ledger module, used to construct a distributed ledger, wherein the distributed ledger is used to record spectrum allocation, load conditions and interference information of narrowband base stations; A main chain module, used to construct a blockchain main chain, and use the main chain to share the distributed ledger among the managed narrowband base stations based on a dynamic auxiliary chain; A partitioning module, configured for the narrowband base station to perform topology partitioning based on the interference information, divide the network into a plurality of sub-areas, and construct a dynamic auxiliary link for each sub-area; A scheduling module, used for the dynamic auxiliary chain to perform spectrum scheduling for the sub-area according to a preset smart contract, and update the dynamic auxiliary chain according to the scheduling result; The synchronization module is used to asynchronously synchronize the main chain according to the update results of the dynamic auxiliary chain.

7. The dynamic spectrum scheduling system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The narrowband base station performs topology division based on the interference information to divide the network into multiple sub-areas, and constructs a dynamic auxiliary link for each sub-area, specifically including: Collect and record interference information, user needs and coverage through narrowband base stations to build the initial topology of the network; Construct an interference graph and a user distribution graph based on the interference weight and the user distribution; Use clustering or graph partitioning algorithms to divide the network into several sub-regions with the goal of minimizing interference between regions and balancing the load within the region; Initialize a dynamic auxiliary link for each sub-area, record and manage the spectrum resource usage and load status of the base stations in the area.

8. The dynamic spectrum scheduling system according to claim 7, characterized in that: Initializing a dynamic auxiliary link for each sub-area and recording and managing spectrum resource usage and load status of base stations in the area includes: Initialize the ledger and create initial records in the auxiliary chain, including spectrum resource allocation, current load status, and historical scheduling records of base stations in the sub-area; Node registration: All base stations in the sub-area are registered as dynamic auxiliary chain nodes to ensure that they have the authority to participate in spectrum scheduling and account book updates; Smart contract deployment: deploy smart contracts for regional spectrum scheduling in the dynamic auxiliary chain; Connected with the main chain, the dynamic auxiliary chain establishes a connection with the blockchain main chain, synchronizes the scheduling results in the region to the main chain according to the cycle or trigger conditions, and supports cross-regional collaboration and global optimization.

9. The dynamic spectrum scheduling system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The rules of the smart contract include: Spectrum allocation rules: Prioritize the allocation of frequency bands with interference lower than a preset value to high-priority users or base stations; Dynamically adjust spectrum allocation weights based on real-time load status; Avoid adjacent base stations from using the same frequency band to reduce the probability of spectrum conflict; Load balancing rules: Monitor base station load status; reallocating spectrum resources between base stations with a load higher than a preset value and base stations with a load lower than a preset value; Disruption minimization rules: Calculate the interference weights between base stations in the area and allocate non-overlapping spectrum based on the weights; For frequency bands where interference is higher than a preset value, time slot multiplexing is performed to avoid simultaneous use.

10. The dynamic spectrum scheduling system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The asynchronous synchronization of the main chain according to the dynamic auxiliary chain update result includes: After completing the spectrum scheduling in the sub-area, the dynamic auxiliary chain records the scheduling results and generates updated content, including spectrum allocation plan, load balancing results, interference coordination status and smart contract execution records; The dynamic auxiliary chain initiates a synchronization request to the main chain through a preset trigger mechanism; The dynamic auxiliary chain packages and signs the update results and uploads them to the main chain through a secure channel; The main chain verifies and integrates the received data, appends it to the main chain ledger as a new block, and forms a global view of the spectrum resources of the entire network; The main chain feeds back the synchronization results, optimizes and adjusts spectrum resources based on the global data view, and sends the optimization plan to each dynamic auxiliary chain to guide subsequent scheduling.

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