Wolfberry integrated close planting cultivation agricultural machinery and agricultural technology integrated cultivation mode

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a Chinese wolfberry integrated close planting agricultural machinery and agricultural technology integrated cultivation mode. The method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) mechanically ditching and applying a base fertilizer, and densely planting nursery stocks; (2) shaping and pruning by using an intelligent pruning machine; (3) performing water and fertilizer management through a fertilizer and water integrated system; when base fertilizer is applied, a fertilizer mixing machine is used for mixing fertilizer; (4) disease and pest control: spraying pesticides by using an air-assisted plant protection machine; (5) carrying out row-to-row weeding and plant-to-plant weeding by using an automatic obstacle-avoiding weeding machine; and (6) harvesting the fruits by using a man-machine interaction type picking platform. According to the method, a new green, efficient, high-quality and high-yield close planting cultivation management mode is developed, two-season harvesting production of Chinese wolfberry planting is achieved, and the purposes of quality improvement, efficiency improvement and yield and income increase of Chinese wolfberry planting are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, and in particular to a cultivation mode integrating wolfberry integrated dense planting with agricultural machinery and agronomy. Background Art

[0002] Ningxia is the origin and main production area of ​​wolfberry, with obvious industrial advantages. Although the development of wolfberry industry has made great progress in recent years, there are still some problems that need to be solved urgently. First, the regional layout of the industry, specialized production, new models and new business formats are still relatively lagging behind; second, there are problems in production such as poor matching of good varieties and good methods, and poor matching of machinery in various environmental forms; third, the contradiction between the rising planting costs and the fluctuating economic benefits is becoming more and more prominent. Therefore, it is particularly important to innovate planting models, solve the low level of intelligence in wolfberry planting, reduce costs, and increase economic benefits.

[0003] At present, most growers and large-scale planting bases plant wolfberries suitable for mechanized management with a planting density of 1m×3m, which takes 4 to 5 years to enter the high-yield period. Due to the small tree size, low yield, poor planting efficiency, and the increasing planting costs in the early stage of the garden, the long benefit return cycle under the condition of inadequate management has frustrated the enthusiasm of some farmers in Cizhou and led to the phenomenon of abandonment of planting. On the other hand, in some production areas, growers use a planting density of 1.2m×2m~2.2m, and the yield of mature trees has increased significantly, but there is a lack of supporting agricultural machinery and equipment. Weeding, fertilization, and intertillage are all done manually, and with the surge in labor costs, production efficiency has dropped sharply. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the construction of wolfberry standardized bases and the construction of authentic Ningxia wolfberry Chinese medicinal materials demonstration bases. Improve the yield and efficiency of wolfberry per unit area. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a high-standard intensive planting demonstration base for wolfberry, and carry out research and demonstration of core technologies such as new and superior wolfberry varieties (lines), intensive cultivation, and precise water and fertilizer regulation. Promote the supporting planting technology of "good machines + good varieties + good recipes", realize the standardization, regularization and mechanization of the intensive cultivation mode of wolfberry, and promote the transformation and upgrading of the wolfberry industry. Taking increasing production and improving efficiency as the starting point, on the other hand, based on the current planting mode and cultivation technology, increase the existing planting density and change the spacing between plants to increase the yield per unit area and improve economic benefits. On the one hand, strengthen the promotion of good varieties and good methods, and on the basis of dense planting, carry out the research and development of agricultural machinery corresponding to the cultivation mode, which will help the mechanization and intelligentization of the wolfberry industry and provide strong scientific and technological support for the development of the wolfberry characteristic industry chain.

[0004] Therefore, carrying out research and demonstration of wolfberry intensive planting technology is of great significance to transforming traditional wolfberry cultivation, promoting industrial transformation, and achieving high-quality development of the wolfberry industry. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems of low yield and low income in the existing cultivation model, the present invention establishes a core demonstration garden of the dense planting wolfberry cultivation model, conducts research on the dense planting cultivation technology of several currently cultivated wolfberry varieties, and at the same time carries out research and development of agricultural machinery and equipment supporting the dense planting cultivation model. From the aspects of the integrated and supporting application of new field management technologies and new equipment, research and demonstration of a new model of green, efficient, high-quality and high-yield dense planting management is carried out, so as to realize the "two-season harvest" production of wolfberry planting and achieve the goals of improving the quality and efficiency and increasing production and income of wolfberry planting.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a wolfberry integrated dense planting cultivation agricultural machinery agronomy integrated cultivation mode, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Mechanical trenching, basal fertilizer application, and dense planting of seedlings;

[0009] (2) Use intelligent pruning machines for shaping and pruning;

[0010] (3) Water and fertilizer management is carried out through an integrated fertilizer and water control system; a fertilizer mixer is used when applying base fertilizer;

[0011] (4) Pest and disease control: Use an air-assisted plant protection machine when spraying liquid pesticides;

[0012] (5) Use automatic obstacle avoidance weeding machinery for inter-row and inter-plant weeding;

[0013] (6) Use a human-machine interactive picking platform for harvesting.

[0014] Preferably, the groove in step (1) has a depth of 80 to 100 cm and a width of 60 to 80 cm.

[0015] Preferably, the base fertilizer in step (1) is fully decomposed manure.

[0016] Preferably, the base fertilizer application rate per mu in step (1) is 4.5 to 5.5 m 3 .

[0017] Preferably, the planting density of wolfberry in step (1) is 0.6-0.8 m×2.2-2.4 m.

[0018] Preferably, the wolfberry varieties in step (1) are Ningqi No. 1, Ningqi No. 7, Ningqi No. 10, Ningnongqi No. 15 and other wolfberry varieties.

[0019] Preferably, step (2) performs light pruning on the wolfberry tree; the light pruning is specifically a tree shape recorded in a lightly simplified wolfberry tree shape and a cultivation method thereof disclosed in CN202111032062.7.

[0020] Preferably, the straddling operation power platform is used as a basis and is equipped with the operation equipment in steps (2) to (6).

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The present invention adopts standardized wolfberry garden construction to carry out unified planning, unified technology, unified varieties, unified inputs, unified processing, unified agency sales, and household planting, and promotes the "good varieties + good recipes" supporting planting technology, which can realize the "two-season picking" production mode. On the one hand, the yield of fresh fruit per mu in the peak production period can reach 3,000 catties, which is an increase of more than 1,200 catties compared with the existing model (refer to GB / T 19116-2003). On the other hand, by using full mechanized operation, it can save 2 to 3 labor per mu, reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers, and increase economic benefits by about 500 yuan per mu. In summary, the dense planting cultivation mode increases the economic benefits by more than 5,500 yuan per mu, and the economic benefits are considerable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the planting pattern provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] A wolfberry integrated dense planting cultivation agricultural machinery and agronomy integrated cultivation mode, comprising the following steps:

[0027] (1) Mechanical trenching, basal fertilizer application, and dense planting of seedlings;

[0028] (2) Use intelligent trimming machine (patent number 2018217605170) for shaping and trimming;

[0029] (3) Water and fertilizer management is performed through an integrated fertilizer and water control system (patent number 2021223524276); fertilizer is mixed using a fertilizer mixer (patent number 2023236520018) when applying base fertilizer; trenching and fertilization are performed under the tree, and riding operations are performed in conjunction with a human-machine interactive operation platform to solve the problem that existing vehicle heads cannot operate in narrow row spacing.

[0030] (4) Pest and disease control: Use a wind-blown plant protection machine (patent number 201920910505X) to spray the liquid;

[0031] (5) Use automatic obstacle avoidance weeding machinery (patent numbers 2018211687980; 2018217605236; 2019108589248; 2023222231281) for inter-row and inter-plant weeding;

[0032] (6) Use a human-machine interactive picking platform (patent number 2021228298515) to harvest fruits.

[0033] In the present invention, the depth of the trench in step (1) is 80-100 cm, and the width is 60-80 cm; preferably, the depth is 84-96 cm, and the width is 64-76 cm; more preferably, the depth is 90 cm, and the width is 70 cm.

[0034] In the present invention, the base fertilizer in step (1) is fully decomposed manure; preferably decomposed cattle and sheep manure.

[0035] In the present invention, the base fertilizer application rate per mu in step (1) is 4.5-5.5 m 3 ; preferably 4.7 to 5.3 m 3 ; More preferably 4.9 to 5.1 m 3 More preferably 5m 3 .

[0036] In the present invention, the planting density of wolfberry in step (1) is 0.5-1.0 m×2-3 m; preferably 0.6-0.8 m×2.2-2.4 m; preferably 0.7 m×2.3 m.

[0037] In the present invention, the varieties of wolfberry in step (1) are Ningqi No. 1, Ningqi No. 7, Ningqi No. 10 and Ningnongqi No. 15; preferably Ningqi No. 1.

[0038] In the present invention, step (2) performs light pruning on the wolfberry tree; the light pruning is specifically a tree shape recorded in a lightly simplified wolfberry tree shape and a cultivation method thereof disclosed in CN202111032062.7.

[0039] In the present invention, based on the straddling operation power platform (patent number 2020103938442), the operation equipment in steps (2) to (6) is installed.

[0040] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] ① Garden construction: Conduct research on garden construction modes suitable for dense planting, Beidou navigation + special machinery. The row spacing under the dense planting mode is 0.7m×2.3m. Before planting the seedlings, dig trenches and apply sufficient manure. Apply 5m3 of decomposed cattle and sheep manure per mu. 3 , achieving the effect of improving soil and fertilizing. The depth of the ditch is 0.80m and the width is 0.60m;

[0043] ② Variety and tree shape display: Establish a 20-mu wolfberry dense planting demonstration garden, and select varieties such as 'Ningqi No. 1', 'Ningqi No. 7', 'Ningqi No. 10' and 'Ningnongqi No. 15'. Establish a light and simplified hedge shaping mechanical pruning mode suitable for agricultural machinery operations, use intelligent pruning machines for shaping and pruning, and perform light and simplified pruning of wolfberry trees.

[0044] ③ Integrated water and fertilizer management: Based on the growth, fruiting habits and nutrient requirements of different varieties, we conduct research on water and fertilizer requirements under dense planting mode, and customize and develop integrated fertilizer and water control systems based on different fertilizers, concentration ratios, fertilizer flow rates, multi-channel fertilization and other technical requirements; use fertilizer mixers to mix fertilizers when applying base fertilizers;

[0045] ④ Disease and pest control: Combined with the existing wolfberry "five-step method" disease and pest control technology, carry out research on the main diseases and pests of wolfberry under the dense planting mode, carry out comprehensive prevention and control through agricultural prevention, physical prevention, biological prevention and chemical prevention, and improve product quality; use air-assisted plant protection machine when spraying liquid medicine;

[0046] ⑤ Use automatic obstacle-avoiding weeding machinery for inter-row weeding and inter-plant weeding.

[0047] ⑥ Use a human-machine interactive picking platform for harvesting. In the process of wolfberry growth management, a leaping (gantry) operating power platform is used as the basis, and various operating equipment is installed on this basis to achieve the effect of one machine with multiple uses and improve work efficiency.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] ① Garden construction: Research on garden construction mode suitable for dense planting, Beidou navigation + special machinery. The row spacing under the dense planting mode is 0.8m×2.4m. Before planting the seedlings, mechanical trenching and sufficient manure are applied. 5m3 of decomposed cattle and sheep manure is applied per mu. 3 , achieving the effect of improving soil and fertilizing. The depth of the ditch is 1m and the width is 0.80m;

[0050] ② Variety and tree shape display: The varieties are the currently promoted wolfberry varieties and the newly approved wolfberry variety 'Ningnongqi No. 15'. Establish a light and simplified hedge shaping and pruning mode suitable for agricultural machinery operations, use intelligent pruning machines for shaping and pruning, and perform light and simplified pruning of wolfberry trees.

[0051] ③ Integrated water and fertilizer management: Based on the growth, fruiting habits and nutrient requirements of different varieties, we conduct research on water and fertilizer requirements under dense planting mode, and customize and develop integrated fertilizer and water control systems based on different fertilizers, concentration ratios, fertilizer flow rates, multi-channel fertilization and other technical requirements; use fertilizer mixers to mix fertilizers when fertilizing;

[0052] ④ Pest and disease control: Combined with the existing "five-step" pest and disease control technology of wolfberry, research on the main pests and diseases of wolfberry under the dense planting mode is carried out, and comprehensive prevention and control is carried out through agricultural prevention, physical prevention, biological prevention and chemical prevention to improve product quality; use air-assisted plant protection machines to spray pesticides;

[0053] ⑤ Use automatic obstacle-avoiding weeding machinery for inter-row weeding and inter-plant weeding.

[0054] ⑥ Use a human-machine interactive picking platform for harvesting. In the process of wolfberry growth management, a leaping (gantry) operating power platform is used as the basis, and various operating equipment is installed on this basis to achieve the effect of one machine with multiple uses and improve work efficiency.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] ① Garden construction: Conduct research on garden construction modes suitable for dense planting, Beidou navigation + special machinery. The row spacing under the dense planting mode is 0.7m×2.3m. Before planting the seedlings, mechanical trenching and sufficient manure are applied. 5m3 of decomposed cattle and sheep manure is applied per mu. 3 , achieving the effect of improving soil and fertilizing. The depth of the ditch is 90cm and the width is 70cm;

[0057] ② Variety and tree shape display: The varieties are the currently promoted wolfberry varieties and the newly approved wolfberry variety 'Ningqi No. 1'. Establish a light and simplified hedge shaping and pruning mode suitable for agricultural machinery operations, use intelligent pruning machines for shaping and pruning, and perform light and simplified pruning of wolfberry trees.

[0058] ③ Integrated water and fertilizer management: Based on the growth, fruiting habits and nutrient requirements of different varieties, we conduct research on water and fertilizer requirements under dense planting mode, and customize and develop integrated fertilizer and water control systems based on different fertilizers, concentration ratios, fertilizer flow rates, multi-channel fertilization and other technical requirements; use fertilizer mixers to mix fertilizers when fertilizing;

[0059] ④ Pest and disease control: Combined with the existing "five-step" pest and disease control technology of wolfberry, research on the main pests and diseases of wolfberry under the dense planting mode is carried out, and comprehensive prevention and control is carried out through agricultural prevention, physical prevention, biological prevention and chemical prevention to improve product quality; use air-assisted plant protection machines to spray pesticides;

[0060] ⑤ Use automatic obstacle-avoiding weeding machinery for inter-row weeding and inter-plant weeding.

[0061] ⑥ Use a human-machine interactive picking platform for harvesting. In the process of wolfberry growth management, a leaping (gantry) operating power platform is used as the basis, and various operating equipment is installed on this basis to achieve the effect of one machine with multiple uses and improve work efficiency.

[0062] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation mode integrating wolfberry integrated dense planting with agricultural machinery and agronomy, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Mechanical trenching, basal fertilizer application, and dense planting of seedlings; (2) Use intelligent pruning machines for shaping and pruning; (3) Water and fertilizer management is carried out through an integrated fertilizer and water control system; a fertilizer mixer is used when applying base fertilizer; (4) Pest and disease control: Use an air-assisted plant protection machine when spraying liquid pesticides; (5) Use automatic obstacle avoidance weeding machinery for inter-row and inter-plant weeding; (6) Use a human-machine interactive picking platform to harvest fruits.

2. The cultivation mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of the groove in step (1) is 80 to 100 cm, and the width is 60 to 80 cm.

3. The cultivation mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base fertilizer in step (1) is fully decomposed manure.

4. The cultivation mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base fertilizer application rate per mu in step (1) is 4.5 m 3 ~5.5m 3 .

5. The cultivation mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting density of wolfberry in step (1) is 0.6-0.8m×2.2-2.4m.

6. The cultivation mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variety of wolfberry in step (1) is Ningqi No. 1, Ningqi No. 7, Ningqi No. 10 or Ningnongqi No.

15.

7. The cultivation mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (2) performs light and simplified pruning on the wolfberry tree.

8. The cultivation mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the straddling operation power platform, the operation equipment in steps (2) to (6) is carried out.

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