A S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention discloses a S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material and its preparation method and application. The preparation method of the S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material is to mix a 2-methylimidazole solution with a zinc salt solution and an organic iron solution for hydrothermal reaction to obtain an iron-containing zeolite imidazolate skeleton precursor; the iron-containing zeolite imidazolate skeleton precursor and elemental sulfur are dispersed in a solvent and heated to obtain an S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material precursor; the S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material precursor is subjected to high-temperature pyrolysis under a protective atmosphere to obtain. The porous carbon material has a large specific surface area, rich pore structure, multiple catalytic sites, and high stability. It can efficiently catalyze periodate to degrade chlorophenol organic pollutants in wastewater, with a thorough removal effect, no secondary pollution, good application prospects, and a simple preparation method, low cost, and is suitable for industrial production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a carbon material, in particular to an S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material, and also to a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of carbon material preparation and environmental governance. Background Art

[0002] Chlorophenols (CPs) are a class of chlorinated aromatic compounds consisting of a benzene ring, a hydroxyl group, and varying numbers of chlorine atoms. Due to their unique reactivity and potent antimicrobial properties, they are widely used in both industrial and agricultural applications. This inevitably leads to their release into the environment. The π electrons on the benzene ring form a stable conjugated system with the p orbitals of the chlorine atoms, making CPs chemically stable and difficult to biodegrade, allowing them to persist in the natural environment. Consequently, they are a significant class of environmental pollutants. Due to their high toxicity, persistence, and "tri-toxic" effects (carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and mutagenicity), with the increasing number of chlorine atoms attached to the benzene ring increasing their toxicity, CPs have been designated as priority pollutants by countries and regions including my country and the European Union. Therefore, the efficient removal of CPs from water bodies has become a critical environmental issue facing humanity today.

[0003] Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are currently the most commonly used method for removing chlorophenols due to their advantages of being fast, efficient, simple to operate, mild, and environmentally friendly. Among them, periodate-mediated AOPs have attracted the attention of many scholars due to their high efficiency, stability, and ease of storage and transportation. - , E0 = 1.60 V) has limited kinetic activity for the degradation of organic pollutants. However, the activation produces a variety of highly oxidizing active species, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive iodine species (RIS), which can efficiently degrade organic pollutants and have broad application prospects in the treatment of chlorophenol-containing wastewater. Numerous studies have confirmed that transition metal-based catalysts can efficiently activate periodate, but the narrow pH range of application and the high risk of leaching toxic metal ions under oxidative and acidic reaction conditions severely limit the practical application of this technology. In recent years, metal-free carbon-based catalysts have shown potential application value in periodate-mediated AOPs due to their advantages such as high stability, high conductivity, and acid and alkali resistance, and have attracted great attention. However, metal-free carbon-based catalysts have inherent problems such as low activity, low durability, and difficulty in recycling.

[0004] Therefore, providing a carbon-based catalyst with good catalytic performance, high stability, easy recovery and precise control is of great significance for the efficient and thorough removal of chlorophenol pollutants in wastewater. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the first object of the present invention is to provide a S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material having excellent catalytic performance, strong stability, easy recovery and recyclability.

[0006] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon materials. The method is simple, low-cost, and suitable for industrial production.

[0007] The third object of the present invention is to provide an application of a S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material, which has high catalytic activity when used to catalyze the oxidation and degradation of chlorophenol organic pollutants in a solution by periodate, thereby greatly improving the treatment efficiency.

[0008] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention provides a method for preparing an S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material, which comprises mixing a 2-methylimidazole solution with a zinc salt solution and an organic iron solution for a hydrothermal reaction to obtain an iron-containing zeolite imidazolate skeleton precursor; dispersing the iron-containing zeolite imidazolate skeleton precursor and elemental sulfur in a solvent and heating them to obtain an S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material precursor; and subjecting the S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material precursor to high-temperature pyrolysis under a protective atmosphere to obtain the obtained material.

[0009] The present invention not only retains the regular dodecahedral morphology of the MOF precursor by doping the carbon material with S and Fe, but also effectively changes its electronic configuration by adding iron to the carbon skeleton, reducing the chemical inertness of the carbon-based material. The surface of the material is rough and concave, forming a hybrid structure composed of ZnS, Fe3C and porous carbon, which increases the specific surface area, optimizes the layered porous structure, and enhances the surface active sites. It also has good magnetic properties and is easy to separate and reuse. Compared with loaded metal sulfides, the present invention heat-treats the iron-containing precursor with elemental sulfur. The suitable nanocavities and small pores of ZIF-8 can encapsulate the iron source, which can overcome the defects of metal leaching in traditional carbon-loaded metal sulfides. After pyrolysis, Fe-ZIF-8 can generate Fe3C containing various valence states of Fe, and the rich Zn element in ZIF-8 can form ZnS with S atoms in a directional manner. 2- It can accelerate the circulation of Fe in the catalytic process and further improve the catalytic performance.

[0010] As a preferred solution, the molar ratio of the 2-methylimidazole to the zinc element in the zinc salt and the iron element in the organic iron solution is (0.5-1.5):(0.1-0.3):(0.01-0.03).

[0011] As a preferred solution, the concentration of the 2-methylimidazole solution is 1-2 mol / L.

[0012] As a preferred solution, the concentration of the zinc salt solution is 0.1-0.2 mol / L.

[0013] As a preferred solution, the concentration of the organic iron solution is 0.01 to 0.02 mol / L.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the zinc salt is zinc nitrate.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the organic iron is ferric acetylacetonate. The ferric acetylacetonate used in the present invention has an organic ligand-derived n-doped carbon matrix that can effectively disperse and stabilize Fe species, preventing their aggregation and leaching; and can also prevent ZIF-8 from collapsing to a certain extent during the carbonization process.

[0016] As a preferred solution, the conditions of the hydrothermal reaction are: temperature of 110-140° C. and time of 2-4 h.

[0017] As a preferred solution, the mass ratio of the iron-containing zeolite imidazolate framework precursor to elemental sulfur is not less than 6:1.

[0018] As a preferred solution, the mass ratio of the iron-containing zeolite imidazolate framework precursor to elemental sulfur is 6 to 12:1. Controlling the amount of elemental sulfur within an appropriate range is beneficial for improving the catalytic performance of the material. Excessive sulfur doping can lead to excessive sulfur doping, causing structural collapse and decreased catalytic performance. Excessive sulfur doping can also lead to low doping levels and reduced catalytic activity.

[0019] As a preferred solution, the solvent is a mixed solvent of carbon tetrachloride and ethanol.

[0020] As a preferred solution, the heating temperature is 50-80°C.

[0021] As a preferred solution, the protective atmosphere is an inert gas atmosphere.

[0022] As a preferred solution, the inert gas is argon.

[0023] As a preferred solution, the high-temperature pyrolysis process is: first pyrolyze at a temperature of 400-500°C for 2-4 hours, and then heat to 900-1000°C for 4-6 hours.

[0024] The present invention plays a buffering role on the S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material precursor through staged pyrolysis, reduces the damage to its structure caused by high temperature, and effectively avoids the phenomenon of serious collapse of the material structure caused by directly pyrolyzing the precursor at 900~1000℃. The present invention first performs a one-stage pyrolysis at a relatively low temperature to remove the unstable S element wrapped on the surface of the S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material precursor, and serves as a buffer for the second stage of heating; then a high-temperature two-stage pyrolysis is performed to remove excess Zn element, exposing more pores and specific surface area. The present invention adopts a two-stage temperature increase pyrolysis method, which can remove excess impurities, expose more pores, and maintain the structural stability of the material, thereby helping to improve the adsorption of periodate and chlorophenol organic matter, thereby improving its performance in activating periodate to degrade chlorophenol organic matter.

[0025] As a preferred solution, the high-temperature pyrolysis is followed by an acid leaching and impurity removal treatment.

[0026] As a preferred solution, the conditions for the acid leaching and impurity removal treatment are: using sulfuric acid as the acid leaching solution, the sulfuric acid concentration is 0.2-0.8 mol / L, and the acid leaching time is 6-10 hours.

[0027] The present invention also provides an S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material prepared by the above method. The material has a large specific surface area, a reasonable layered porous structure, abundant active sites on the surface, high catalytic activity, and stable performance.

[0028] The present invention also provides an application of an S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material, which is used for catalyzing periodate to oxidatively degrade chlorophenol organic pollutants in a solution.

[0029] When the S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material in the present invention activates periodate, its active sites are mainly C=O, graphite N functional groups and Fe-based nanoparticles, while the reducing S 2- By promoting the redox cycle of Fe species to continuously generate active substances, and the system also contains an electron transfer process, that is, free radical and non-free radical pathways act together to degrade chlorophenols, thereby achieving efficient and thorough removal of chlorophenol organic pollutants. The present invention achieves efficient degradation of chlorophenol organic pollutants and has the advantages of high treatment efficiency, good effect, simple operation, low amount of added chemicals, easy separation, and environmental protection. At the same time, it can avoid the shortcomings of high Fe and Zn ion leaching and the production of toxic iodine byproducts during the periodate activation process, and IO3 is selective for the removal of pollutants. The relevant reaction principle is as follows:

[0030]

[0031] As a preferred solution, the concentration of the S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material in the solution containing chlorophenol organic pollutants is 0.025-0.1 g / L.

[0032] As a preferred solution, the concentration of the periodate in the solution containing chlorophenol organic pollutants is 5-15 mM.

[0033] As a preferred solution, the concentration of the chlorophenol organic pollutants in the solution does not exceed 40 mg / L.

[0034] As a preferred solution, the chlorophenol organic pollutant is p-chlorophenol.

[0035] As a preferred solution, the initial pH value of the solution containing chlorophenols is 3 to 9. Controlling the initial pH value of the solution containing chlorophenols within a suitable range can ensure that the catalytic activity of the S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material is at a high level, thereby improving the catalytic efficiency.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] (1) Compared with traditional carbon materials, the S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material of the present invention retains the regular dodecahedron morphology of the MOF precursor, but the surface is rough and concave. It is a hybrid structure composed of ZnS, Fe3C and porous carbon. The specific surface area, layered porous structure and surface active sites are significantly enhanced. It has excellent catalytic activity, strong stability, good magnetic properties, and is easy to separate, recycle and reuse. It also has the advantages of low preparation cost and environmental protection.

[0038] (2) The S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material of the present invention can be used to catalyze the oxidation degradation of chlorophenol organic pollutants in the solution by periodate, and its catalytic effect is good, and the chlorophenol organic pollutants in the solution can be efficiently and thoroughly removed at room temperature;

[0039] (3) The preparation method is simple, low-cost, and suitable for industrial production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 These are scanning electron microscope images of the S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material (a), magnetic porous carbon material (b), S-doped magnetic porous carbon material (c), and Fe-doped magnetic porous carbon material (d) in Example 1 of the present invention; and transmission electron microscope images (e, f), high-resolution transmission electron microscope images (g, h), annular selected area electron diffraction image (i), HADDF-STEM image (j) and corresponding EDS element mapping images of the S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material.

[0041] Figure 2 These are X-ray diffraction analysis diagrams of the magnetic porous carbon material, S-doped magnetic porous carbon material, Fe-doped magnetic porous carbon material and S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the removal effect of p-chlorophenol in wastewater under the same reaction conditions by the zeolite imidazolate framework material, iron-containing zeolite imidazolate framework, S / Fe co-doped zeolite imidazolate framework, magnetic porous carbon material, Fe-doped magnetic porous carbon material, S-doped magnetic porous carbon material, and S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the removal effect of p-chlorophenol in wastewater by S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon materials with different addition amounts in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the removal effect of p-chlorophenol in wastewater by S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material under different initial pH conditions in Example 4 of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the effect of magnetic porous carbon materials with different S doping amounts on the removal of para-chlorophenol in water in Example 5 of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 7 This is the cyclic stability diagram of S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon materials. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereby.

[0048] The raw materials and instruments used in the following examples are all commercially available. In the examples of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the data obtained are the average values ​​of more than three repeated experiments. Example 1

[0049] The S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material of the present invention is mainly prepared by reacting an iron-containing zeolite imidazolate skeleton precursor synthesized by a hydrothermal method with sulfur powder and then heat-treating the precursor, and specifically comprises the following steps:

[0050] S1. Rapidly add 2 L of a mixed solution of 0.13 mol / L zinc nitrate and 0.013 mol / L ferric acetylacetonate into 1 L of a 1 mol / L 2-methylimidazole solution, stir for 1 hour, transfer to a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined stainless steel autoclave, heat at 120 °C for 4 hours, wash and dry to obtain an iron-containing zeolite imidazolate framework precursor, designated as Fe-ZIF-8.

[0051] S2. The iron-containing zeolite imidazolate framework precursor prepared in step S1 and sulfur powder (Fe-ZIF-8: sulfur powder mass ratio = 10:1) were mixed and dispersed in 1 L of a mixed solvent of carbon tetrachloride and ethanol (V / V = 4:1), stirred vigorously at 60°C, and evaporated to dryness to obtain an S / Fe co-doped zeolite imidazolate framework precursor, recorded as S / Fe-ZIF-8.

[0052] S3, the iron / sulfur doped zeolite imidazolate framework precursor prepared in step S2 was heated to 5°C / min under an argon atmosphere. -1 The temperature was raised to 450 °C and 950 °C for 2 hours and 4 hours respectively. After cooling, it was suspended in a 0.5 mol / L H2SO4 solution at 80 °C and acid-leached for 8 hours. After washing and drying, S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material was obtained, which was recorded as S / Fe-ZIF-950. Comparative Example 1

[0053] The carbon material was prepared by the method of Example 1, except that: ferric acetylacetonate was not added in step S1 to obtain the zeolite imidazolate framework precursor ZIF-8, and the sulfur doping treatment of step S2 was not performed. ZIF-8 was directly pyrolyzed using the method of step S3 to obtain a porous carbon material, which was recorded as ZIF-950. Comparative Example 2

[0054] The carbon material was prepared by the method of Example 1, except that: ferric acetylacetonate was not added in step S1 to obtain a zeolite imidazolate skeleton precursor ZIF-8, and then the iron-containing zeolite imidazolate skeleton precursor in step S2 was replaced by ZIF-8 to obtain S / ZIF-8, and the iron / sulfur-doped zeolite imidazolate skeleton precursor in step S3 was replaced by S / ZIF-8 to obtain an S-doped porous carbon material, which was recorded as S-ZIF-950. Comparative Example 3

[0055] The carbon material was prepared by the method of Example 1, except that the sulfur doping treatment in step S2 was not performed, and the iron / sulfur-doped zeolite imidazolate framework precursor in step S3 was directly replaced with Fe-ZIF-8 to obtain an Fe-doped magnetic porous carbon material, which was recorded as Fe-ZIF-950.

[0056] The S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material S / Fe-ZIF-950 prepared in Example 1, the porous carbon material ZIF-950 prepared in Comparative Example 1, the S-doped porous carbon material S-ZIF-950 prepared in Comparative Example 2, and the Fe-doped magnetic porous carbon material Fe-ZIF-950 prepared in Comparative Example 3 were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results are as follows: Figure 1 As shown in (a~d), Figure 1As can be seen in (a), after high-temperature carbonization, the S / Fe-ZIF-950 prepared in Example 1 of the present invention can well retain the original regular dodecahedron morphology of ZIF-8, but the surface is relatively rough with slight depressions; Figure 1 (b) shows that the ZIF-derived porous carbon material (ZIF-950) has a smooth surface, a regular dodecahedral structure, and uniform particle size; Figure 1 (c) shows that the original morphology of the S-doped porous carbon material (S-ZIF-950) almost completely collapsed into an inhomogeneous aggregated particle state; Figure 1 (d) shows that the Fe-doped magnetic porous carbon material (Fe-ZIF-950) still maintains the original dodecahedral structure, but the skeleton is slightly wrinkled.

[0057] The S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material prepared in Example 1 was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Figure 1 As shown in (e~f), it can be seen from the figure that S / Fe-ZIF-950 has a typical hexagonal morphology and a large number of nanoparticles are distributed in the porous carbon matrix. The S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material prepared by the present invention was observed and analyzed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results are as follows Figure 1 (g~h), where the lattice spacing of 0.345 nm and 0.214 nm can be pointed to the (002) plane of carbon phase and the (211) plane of Fe3C, respectively, while the lattice spacing of 0.227 nm corresponds to the (102) plane of ZnS, indicating that the composite material prepared by the present invention is composed of Fe3C, ZnS and C. The ring selected area electron diffraction results of S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material are shown in Figure 2. Figure 1 As shown in (i), the main diffraction ring matches well with S / Fe-ZIF-950. The S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material prepared by the present invention was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results are shown in Figure 1 As shown in (j), C, N, O, Zn, Fe and S elements are uniformly distributed in the S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material, proving the successful synthesis of S / Fe-ZIF-950.

[0058] The carbon materials obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention were subjected to X-ray diffraction observation and their crystal structures were analyzed. The results are as follows: Figure 2As shown, the four derivative materials all have obvious reflection peaks near 25°, representing the (002) phase of pyrolysis-induced graphitic carbon. No diffraction peaks related to Zn were detected in the porous carbon material ZIF-950, indicating that Zn volatilized at high temperatures. After the introduction of S atoms, the diffraction peaks of S / ZIF-950 were mainly corresponding to zinc sulfide; the graphite peak in the Fe-doped magnetic porous carbon material Fe-ZIF-950 significantly shifted to a higher degree and coincided with the characteristic peak of Fe3C species; after S and Fe co-doping, the S / Fe-ZIF-950 composite material showed a hybrid structure composed of ZnS, Fe3C and porous carbon. Example 2

[0059] The S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention is used to remove p-chlorophenol in water, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0060] Take a 1L p-chlorophenol solution with a concentration of 20mg / L, add 0.05g S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material and 1mM sodium perchlorate, mix well and then carry out periodate activation oxidation reaction at room temperature to complete the degradation of p-chlorophenol.

[0061] Control group 1: Take a 1L p-chlorophenol solution with a concentration of 20mg / L, add 0.05g ZIF-8 and 1mM sodium perchlorate, mix well, and then perform periodate activation oxidation reaction at room temperature to complete the degradation of p-chlorophenol.

[0062] Control group 2: 0.05 g of Fe-ZIF-8 and 1 mM sodium perchlorate were added to a 1 L p-chlorophenol solution with a concentration of 20 mg / L. After mixing evenly, the solution was subjected to periodate activation oxidation reaction at room temperature to complete the degradation of p-chlorophenol.

[0063] Control group three: Take a 1L p-chlorophenol solution with a concentration of 20mg / L, add 0.05g S / Fe-ZIF-8 and 1mM sodium perchlorate, mix well and then perform periodate activation oxidation reaction at room temperature to complete the degradation of p-chlorophenol.

[0064] Control group 4: 0.05 g ZIF-950 and 1 mM sodium perchlorate were added to a 1 L p-chlorophenol solution with a concentration of 20 mg / L. After mixing evenly, the solution was subjected to periodate activation oxidation reaction at room temperature to complete the degradation of p-chlorophenol.

[0065] Control group 5: Take a 1L p-chlorophenol solution with a concentration of 20mg / L, add 0.05g Fe-ZIF-950 and 1mM sodium perchlorate, mix well and then perform periodate activation oxidation reaction at room temperature to complete the degradation of p-chlorophenol.

[0066] Control group 6: 0.05 g of S-ZIF-950 and 1 mM sodium perchlorate were added to a 1 L p-chlorophenol solution with a concentration of 20 mg / L. After mixing evenly, the mixture was subjected to periodate activation oxidation reaction at room temperature to complete the degradation of p-chlorophenol.

[0067] In addition, without adding sodium periodate, samples were taken from the system to determine the adsorption-desorption of p-chlorophenol by the catalyst. Then, periodate was added to initiate the oxidation reaction, and the time was recorded as time 0 (the time before the addition of periodate was recorded as a negative value). Samples were taken after the reaction lasted for 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, 4 min, 7 min, 10 min, and 13 min, respectively. The content of p-chlorophenol in the solution was detected by high performance liquid chromatography. The measurement results are shown in Figure 2. Figure 3 As shown in the data, when no oxidant is added, each carbon material has a certain adsorption effect on p-chlorophenol, but the S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material of the present invention has the best catalytic activation effect on the oxidant. Among them, p-chlorophenol reaches adsorption-desorption equilibrium on the S / Fe-ZIF-950 surface in about 10 minutes, with an adsorption rate of 16.1%. After adding sodium periodate, the S / Fe-ZIF-950 / sodium periodate system completely degrades p-chlorophenol within 10 minutes, with the highest removal efficiency. The oxidation ability of ZIF-950, S / ZIF-950 and Fe-ZIF-950 systems is relatively low, with p-chlorophenol removal rates of 33%, 58% and 42%, respectively. At the same time, under the same reaction conditions, the original ZIF-8 and Fe-ZIF-8 precursors have almost no activation effect on the degradation of p-chlorophenol by sodium periodate, and p-chlorophenol can hardly be removed, indicating that S and Fe co-doping plays an important role in improving the performance of this type of catalyst in activating periodate. Example 3

[0068] This example shows the effect of different amounts of S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon materials on the removal of para-chlorophenol in water. The S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material prepared in Example 1 is used, and the steps are as follows:

[0069] Five portions of 1 L p-chlorophenol solution with a concentration of 20 mg / L were taken, and 0 g, 0.025 g, 0.050 g, 0.075 g, and 0.100 g of the S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material prepared in Example 1 were added, respectively. After 10 min, 1 mM sodium periodate was added, and a catalytic oxidation reaction was carried out at room temperature to complete the degradation of p-chlorophenol.

[0070] Periodate was added to initiate the oxidation reaction and recorded as time 0. Samples were taken at 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, 4 min, 7 min, 10 min, and 13 min after the reaction. The content of p-chlorophenol in the solution was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The measurement results are shown in Figure 4 .

[0071] from Figure 4 It can be seen that as the concentration of S / Fe-ZIF-950 increases from 0.025 g / L to 0.050, 0.075 and 0.100 g / L, the degradation efficiency of p-chlorophenol is significantly improved. At 10 min, the degradation rates of p-chlorophenol in the systems with addition of 0.050, 0.075 and 0.100 g / LS / Fe-ZIF-950 are all close to 100%. It can be seen that the increase in catalyst dosage leads to an increase in the number of active sites catalyzing the activation of sodium periodate, thereby improving the degradation of p-chlorophenol. However, with the continuous increase in catalyst concentration, the increasing trend of the reaction rate slows down, which is due to the limited concentration of the oxidant. Example 4

[0072] This example shows the effect of S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon materials on the removal of para-chlorophenol in water under different initial pH conditions. The S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material prepared in Example 1 is used, and the steps are as follows:

[0073] Take 4 portions of 1 L p-chlorophenol solution with a concentration of 20 mg / L, add 0.050 g of the S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material prepared in Example 1 to each, and then add 1 mM sodium periodate to each. After mixing evenly, the initial pH value of the resulting mixture is adjusted to 3.01, 4.99, 7.00, and 9.00, and a sodium periodate activation oxidation reaction is carried out at room temperature to complete the degradation of p-chlorophenol.

[0074] Samples were taken from the reaction system at 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, 4 min, 7 min, 10 min and 13 min of the sodium periodate activation oxidation reaction, and the content of p-chlorophenol in the solution was detected by high performance liquid chromatography. The measurement results are shown in FIG. Figure 5 .

[0075] from Figure 5 As can be seen, as the pH increases from 3.01 (acidic conditions) to 7.00 (neutral conditions), the removal rate of 4-CP (para-chlorophenol) decreases slightly, but complete removal is still achieved within 10 minutes. However, as the pH further increases to 9.00 (alkaline conditions), the removal efficiency of 4-CP (para-chlorophenol) decreases slightly. This demonstrates that the S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material of the present invention is not highly sensitive to solution pH, exhibits high activity over a wide pH range, and is effective in removing para-chlorophenol-containing wastewater.

[0076] Depend on Figure 4 、 Figure 5 It can be seen that the S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material of the present invention has a good removal effect on para-chlorophenol in water. Under alkaline conditions with an S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material concentration of 0.05 g / L, a sodium periodate concentration of 1 mM, and an initial solution pH of 9, the method of the present invention can still achieve a removal rate of 86% for a 20 mg / L para-chlorophenol solution. Therefore, the method of the present invention using S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material to catalyze sodium periodate to remove para-chlorophenol from water achieves effective degradation of para-chlorophenol wastewater over a wide pH range, and has the advantages of high treatment efficiency, good treatment effect, simple operation, low treatment cost, low catalyst dosage, and environmental protection. Example 5

[0077] This example shows the effect of magnetic porous carbon materials with different S doping amounts on the removal of para-chlorophenol in water. The S / Fe-ZIF-950 catalyst material was prepared by the method of Example 1, except that: in step S2, the mass ratios of elemental sulfur to Fe-ZIF-8 were controlled to be 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2, respectively, denoted as S / Fe-ZIF-950-X, where X represents the mass ratio of S to Fe-ZIF-8.

[0078] Five portions of 1 L p-chlorophenol solution with a concentration of 20 mg / L were taken, and 0.050 g of the prepared S / Fe-ZIF-950-X was added to each of them. After 10 minutes, 1 mM sodium periodate was added, and a catalytic oxidation reaction was carried out at room temperature to complete the degradation of p-chlorophenol.

[0079] Periodate was added to initiate the oxidation reaction and recorded as time 0. Samples were taken at 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, 4 min, 7 min, 10 min, and 13 min after the reaction. The content of p-chlorophenol in the solution was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The measurement results are shown in Figure 6 .

[0080] from Figure 6 It can be seen that with the increase of S doping ratio, the degradation rate of 4-CP gradually increases, while the sudden decrease in the performance of S / Fe-ZIF-950-0.2 is due to the structural collapse caused by excessive S doping, which indicates that the S doping amount has an impact on the catalytic activity of S / Fe-ZIF-950. Example 6

[0081] This example is a cyclic stability test of an S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material. The S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material prepared in Example 1 is used to catalyze the oxidation degradation of p-chlorophenol by periodate, comprising the following steps:

[0082] (1) Take three portions of 1 L p-chlorophenol solution with a concentration of 20 mg / L. Add 0.050 g of the S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material prepared in Example 1 to the first portion. After 10 minutes, add 1 mM sodium periodate and carry out a catalytic oxidation reaction at room temperature to complete the degradation of p-chlorophenol. After the reaction is completed, separate the S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material, wash it repeatedly with ethanol and water, and vacuum dry it for use.

[0083] (2) The recovered S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material was used to repeat the catalytic degradation experiment of p-chlorophenol in step (1), and a total of three cycle experiments were carried out to test the catalytic effect of the material.

[0084] In each cycle experiment, periodate was added to initiate the oxidation reaction and recorded as time 0. Samples were taken at 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, 4 min, 7 min, 10 min, 13 min, 20 min and 30 min after the reaction. The content of p-chlorophenol in the solution was detected by high performance liquid chromatography. The measurement results are shown in Figure 7 .

[0085] from Figure 7 It can be seen that after three experimental cycles, the activity of the catalyst still remains at a high level, and the removal rate of 4-chlorophenol exceeds 95%, indicating that the S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material of the present invention has strong stability, can be recycled, and has a long service life.

[0086] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any formal limitation to the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above in terms of a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can, without departing from the spirit and technical solution of the present invention, use the methods and technical contents disclosed above to make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention, or modify it into an equivalent embodiment of equivalent changes. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent replacement, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, still fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material, characterized by: A 2-methylimidazole solution is mixed with a zinc salt solution and an organic iron solution for hydrothermal reaction to obtain an iron-containing zeolite imidazolate skeleton precursor; the iron-containing zeolite imidazolate skeleton precursor and elemental sulfur are dispersed in a solvent and heated to obtain an S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material precursor; the S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material precursor is subjected to high-temperature pyrolysis under a protective atmosphere to obtain; The molar ratio of the 2-methylimidazole to the zinc element in the zinc salt and the iron element in the organic iron solution is (0.5-1.5):(0.1-0.3):(0.01-0.03); The mass ratio of the iron-containing zeolite imidazolate framework precursor to elemental sulfur is 6-12:

1.

2. The method for preparing a S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of the 2-methylimidazole solution is 1-2 mol / L; The concentration of the zinc salt solution is 0.1-0.2 mol / L; The concentration of the organic iron solution is 0.01-0.02 mol / L; The zinc salt is zinc nitrate; The organic iron is iron acetylacetonate.

3. The method for preparing a S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material according to claim 1, wherein: The conditions of the hydrothermal reaction are: temperature of 110-140° C. and time of 3-5 h.

4. The method for preparing a S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solvent is a mixed solvent of carbon tetrachloride and ethanol; The heating temperature is 50-80°C.

5. The method for preparing a S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective atmosphere is an inert gas atmosphere; The high-temperature pyrolysis process is: first pyrolyze at a temperature of 400-500° C. for 2-4 hours, then heat to 900-1000° C. for 4-6 hours.

6. The method for preparing a S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: The high-temperature pyrolysis is followed by an acid leaching and impurity removal treatment.

7. A S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material, characterized in that: The method is prepared by any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The use of the S / Fe co-doped magnetic porous carbon material according to claim 7, characterized in that: Used to catalyze the periodate oxidation and degradation of chlorophenol organic pollutants in solution.

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