Polishing and grinding tool and polishing and grinding method for inner hole and bottom surface of large-sized barrel product

Abstract

The invention discloses an inner hole and bottom surface polishing and grinding tool and polishing and grinding method for large barrel products, and belongs to the technical field of inner hole machining. The inner hole and bottom surface polishing and grinding tool comprises a horizontal turning and boring machine, a boring rod arranged on the horizontal turning and boring machine and a boring sleeve matched with the boring rod; the displacement mechanism is detachably mounted on the boring sleeve, the spindle seat is detachably mounted on the boring sleeve and the displacement mechanism, the polishing wheels are different in specification, the motor shaft is detachably mounted on the spindle seat, and the polishing wheels are mounted on a shaft head of the motor shaft. According to the polishing and grinding tool and method for the inner hole and the bottom face of the large barrel type product, existing turning and boring machine equipment is fully utilized, a main shaft base and a guide rail base additionally arranged on the end face of a boring sleeve are designed, and polishing and grinding of the inner hole and the bottom face of the large barrel type product can be completed on a large horizontal turning and boring machine; three kinds of special polishing wheels are designed, and high-smoothness polishing and grinding of the surfaces of different positions are efficiently completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of inner hole processing, and specifically relates to an inner hole and bottom surface polishing tool and a polishing method for a large-scale cylindrical product. Background Art

[0002] If large cylindrical products encounter the requirement of inner hole and bottom surface polishing, there are generally several methods: Multi-jet polishing process: This method involves the use of a rod-shaped nozzle with linearly arranged holes on the side for precision polishing of the inner surface. This technology is based on the computational fluid dynamics method, and the material removal characteristics of the inner cylindrical surface are modeled and verified through a series of polishing experiments. The multi-jet polishing process is suitable for applications that require high-precision polishing; New cylindrical polishing tool method: This is a new cylindrical polishing tool (CBTP) method for the inner surface of the bearing ring. This method uses a self-developed cylindrical polishing tool to polish the internal part of the surface through an appropriate abrasive suspension, which is more suitable for polishing the inner surface of a specific shape (such as a bearing ring); Shear thickening polishing (STP): This is a non-traditional flexible ultra-precision machining method that uses the shear thickening characteristics of the polishing fluid to create a shear rate between the workpiece surface and the potential flow. This increases the viscosity and achieves material removal, which is a non-traditional ultra-precision machining method.

[0003] The above-mentioned polishing methods for the inner hole and bottom surface of large cylindrical products are relatively complicated, requiring the introduction of new equipment, which is costly. The operation of these equipment also has high requirements for the users. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a tool and method for polishing the inner hole and bottom surface of a large cylindrical product, which rationally utilizes the existing lathe, has low cost, simple operation and good polishing effect.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A tool for polishing the inner hole and bottom surface of a large cylindrical product, comprising a horizontal turning and boring machine, a boring bar arranged on the horizontal turning and boring machine, and a boring sleeve matched with the boring bar, a displacement mechanism detachably mounted on the boring sleeve, a spindle seat detachably mounted on the boring sleeve and the displacement mechanism, and a plurality of polishing wheels of different specifications, wherein a motor shaft is detachably mounted on the spindle seat and the polishing wheel is mounted on the shaft head of the motor shaft.

[0006] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the displacement mechanism includes a guide rail seat detachably mounted on the boring sleeve and a sliding base threadedly connected to the guide rail seat, a lead screw is arranged in the middle of the guide rail seat, a nut matching the lead screw is arranged in the sliding base, and a drive motor is connected to one end of the lead screw.

[0007] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the guide rail seat is a long hollow strip, the lead screw is horizontally arranged in the guide rail seat and passes through the nut of the sliding base, the sliding base is provided with sliders with dovetail protrusions on both sides of the nut, and the guide rail seat is provided with slideways above and below the lead screw, which respectively cooperate with the two sliders.

[0008] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the spindle seat includes a circular fixed disk with a plurality of threaded holes and a frustum arranged in the center of the circular fixed disk, the spindle seat is fixed below the end face of the boring sleeve by screws and the boring sleeve is provided with a hole matching the frustum.

[0009] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that protrusions are provided at both ends of the bottom surface of the guide rail seat and the guide rail seat is fixed to the end surface of the boring sleeve by bolts, the end surface of the boring sleeve is provided with holes that match the protrusions on the guide rail seat, and the length of the guide rail seat is not less than the diameter of the boring sleeve.

[0010] A method for polishing the inner hole and bottom surface of a large cylindrical product, using the above-mentioned polishing tool, specifically comprises the following steps: Step 1: Place the large cylinder on a horizontal boring machine, clamp the bottom end with a chuck jaw, and support the hole end with an open center frame; Step 2: After aligning the product, polish the inner hole, install the spindle seat on the end face of the boring sleeve of the lathe boring bar, install the motor shaft on the spindle seat, install the inner hole polishing wheel on the shaft head for rough and fine polishing, and polish the inner hole to the required parameters; Step 3: withdraw the boring bar, disassemble the spindle seat installed at the front end of the boring sleeve, move the boring sleeve to the front end of the boring bar, install the guide rail seat on the end face of the boring sleeve, install the spindle seat, motor shaft and bottom polishing wheel on the sliding base for rough polishing and fine polishing. During processing, extend the boring bar into the inner hole to the bottom surface, and according to the program instructions, the sliding base moves along the guide rail seat, which is divided into two processes of rough polishing and fine polishing, and polishes the bottom surface to the required parameters; Step 4, withdraw the boring bar, replace the bottom polishing wheel with a transition arc polishing wheel for rough polishing and fine polishing; During processing, the boring bar is inserted into the inner hole to the bottom surface. According to the program instructions, the sliding base moves along the guide rail seat to the transition arc position. There are two processes: rough polishing and fine polishing. The transition arc is polished to the required parameters. Step 5: withdraw the boring bar, stop the machine, and remove the guide rail seat.

[0011] The further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that in step 2, during processing, the boring bar extends into the inner hole to the bottom surface, the boring sleeve is controlled by the program to move from the outside to the inside, and the large cylinder rotates in the opposite direction to the inner hole polishing wheel, which is divided into two processes: rough polishing and fine polishing. In step 3, after the guide rail seat is installed on the end face of the boring sleeve, the distance between the bottom surface of the guide rail seat and the end face of the boring sleeve is 20-40mm. A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the inner hole polishing wheel includes an annular fixed ring and an annular emery cloth leaf wheel arranged around the fixed ring; the bottom polishing wheel includes a circular fixed plate and a brush-type polishing brush arranged below the fixed plate; the transition arc polishing wheel includes a fixed shaft and an emery cloth leaf wheel polishing wheel arranged outside the fixed shaft.

[0012] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the technical progress achieved by the present invention is: The present application discloses a tool and method for polishing the inner hole and bottom surface of a large cylindrical product. The tool makes full use of the existing lathe and boring machine equipment, designs a spindle seat and a guide rail seat installed on the end surface of the boring sleeve, and can realize the polishing of the inner hole and bottom surface of large cylindrical products on a large horizontal lathe and boring machine; three special polishing wheels are designed to efficiently polish the surface of different positions with high finish. The cost is greatly reduced, and there is no need to purchase new equipment, which fully utilizes the existing resources of the factory. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a large cylindrical product to be processed according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of inner hole polishing of the present invention; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of part A; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of bottom surface polishing of the present invention; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Schematic diagram of part B; Figure 6 It is a front view and a side view of the spindle seat of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a front view and a top view of the guide rail seat of the present invention; Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a sliding base of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the inner hole polishing wheel of the present invention; Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of the bottom surface polishing wheel of the present invention; Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the transition arc polishing wheel of the present invention; Among them, 1. large cylinder, 2. boring bar, 3. boring sleeve, 4. spindle seat, 4-1. circular fixed plate, 4-2. frustum, 5. motor shaft, 6. inner hole polishing wheel, 7. guide rail seat, 7-1. driving motor, 7-2. lead screw, 7-3. slideway, 8. sliding base, 8-1. slider, 8-2. nut, 9. bottom polishing wheel, 10. transition arc polishing wheel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments: A tool for polishing the inner hole and bottom surface of a large cylindrical product utilizes an existing large horizontal turning and boring machine and its boring bar 2 and a boring sleeve 3 matched with the boring bar. A displacement mechanism detachably mounted on the boring sleeve 3, a spindle seat 4 detachably mounted on the boring sleeve 3 and the displacement mechanism, and a plurality of polishing wheels of different specifications are also designed. A motor shaft 5 is detachably mounted on the spindle seat 4 and the polishing wheel is detachably mounted on the shaft head of the motor shaft 5.

[0015] The displacement mechanism includes a guide rail seat 7 detachably mounted on the boring sleeve 3 and a sliding base 8 slidably connected to the guide rail seat 7, a lead screw 7-2 is arranged in the middle of the guide rail seat 7, a nut 8-2 matching with the lead screw is arranged in the sliding base 8, and a driving motor 7-1 is connected to one end of the lead screw 7-2.

[0016] like Figure 7 , 8 As shown, the guide rail seat 7 is a long hollow arrangement, the lead screw 7-2 is transversely arranged in the guide rail seat and passes through the nut 8-2 of the sliding base, the sliding base 8 is provided with sliders 8-1 with dovetail protrusions on both sides of the nut, and the guide rail seat 7 is provided with slideways 7-3 above and below the lead screw to cooperate with the two sliders 8-1 respectively. The spindle seat 4 is detachably mounted on the sliding base 8, such as by screw connection. The bottom surface of the guide rail seat 7 is provided with a protrusion and the guide rail seat is fixed to the end face of the boring sleeve by bolts, and the end face of the boring sleeve is provided with a hole to match the protrusion on the guide rail seat 7. The boring sleeve 3 is annular, and a hole is provided on the end face of the boring sleeve 3, that is, a hole is provided on its annular end face. When the guide rail seat 7 is installed, the protrusion on the guide rail seat 7 is clamped in the hole on the end face of the boring sleeve, and the guide rail seat 7 is fixed to the boring sleeve by bolts. After the guide rail seat 7 is installed on the end face of the boring sleeve, due to the protrusion on the guide rail seat 7, there is a certain distance between the bottom face of the guide rail seat 7 and the end face of the boring sleeve, which is 20-40mm. When polishing the bottom face and performing transition arc polishing, the range of movement of the boring sleeve on the boring bar is 20-40mm. The length of the guide rail seat 7 is not less than the diameter of the boring sleeve 3.

[0017] like Figure 6 As shown, the spindle seat 4 includes a circular fixed disk 4-1 with a plurality of threaded holes and a truncated cone 4-2 arranged at the center of the circular fixed disk. The spindle seat 4 is fixed below the end surface of the boring sleeve 3 by screws, and a hole matching the truncated cone 4-2 is provided on the boring sleeve 3. The threaded holes on the circular fixed disk 4-1 include countersunk threaded through holes and blind threaded holes arranged at intervals, and a threaded hole is provided on the end surface of the boring sleeve 3. When the spindle seat 4 is installed, its truncated cone 4-2 is placed in the hole on the boring sleeve 3, and then the spindle seat 4 is fixed by passing a bolt through the countersunk threaded through hole. The blind threaded hole is used to connect the spindle seat 3 and the motor shaft 5, and the bolt passes through the motor shaft 5 and is fixed in the blind threaded hole of the spindle seat 3.

[0018] A method for polishing the inner hole and bottom surface of a large cylindrical product, using the above-mentioned polishing tool, specifically comprises the following steps: Step 1: Place the large cylinder 1 on a horizontal boring machine, clamp the bottom end with a chuck jaw, and support the hole end with an open center frame; Figure 1 Shown are large cylindrical products to be processed and the polishing positions that need to be processed; Step 2: After aligning the product, polish the inner hole, install the spindle seat 4 on the end face of the boring sleeve 3 of the lathe boring bar 2, install the motor shaft 5 on the spindle seat 4, and install the inner hole polishing wheel 6 on the shaft head for rough polishing and fine polishing. The installation position of the spindle seat 4 and the inner hole polishing wheel 6 can make the circumference of the inner hole polishing wheel 6 contact the inner wall of the large cylinder 1; Figure 2 , 3 As shown, the inner hole is polished to the required parameters; During processing, the boring bar 2 extends into the inner hole to the bottom surface, the boring sleeve 3 is controlled by the program to move horizontally from the outside to the inside, the motor shaft 5 drives the inner hole polishing wheel 6 to rotate, and the large cylinder 1 rotates in the opposite direction to the inner hole polishing wheel 6, which is divided into two processes: rough polishing and fine polishing; Step 3: withdraw the boring bar 2, disassemble the spindle seat 4 installed at the front end of the boring sleeve 3, move the boring sleeve 3 to the front end of the boring bar 2, install the guide rail seat 7 on the end face of the boring sleeve, and install the spindle seat 4, motor shaft 5 and bottom polishing wheel 9 on the sliding base 8 in sequence for rough polishing and fine polishing. Figure 4 , 5 As shown, during processing, the boring bar 2 is inserted into the inner hole of the large cylinder to the bottom surface. According to the program instructions, the sliding base 8 moves along the guide rail seat 7, and the bottom surface is polished to the required parameters in two processes of rough polishing and fine polishing. Since protrusions are provided at both ends of the bottom surface of the guide rail seat 7, the protrusions are installed on the end surface of the boring sleeve, but the length of the protrusions after installation makes the distance between the bottom surface of the guide rail seat 7 and the end surface of the boring sleeve 20-40mm, and the boring sleeve 3 can move within the range of 20-40mm to press the bottom surface polishing wheel 9; Step 4, withdraw the boring bar 2, and replace the bottom polishing wheel 9 with a transition arc polishing wheel 10 for rough polishing and fine polishing; During processing, the boring bar 2 is inserted into the inner hole to the bottom surface. According to the program instructions, the sliding base 8 moves along the guide rail seat 7 to the transition arc position. The transition arc is polished to the required parameters in two processes: rough polishing and fine polishing. Step 5, withdraw the boring bar 2, stop the machine, and disassemble the guide rail seat 7.

[0019] The various polishing wheels in this application are as follows Figure 9-11As shown, the inner hole polishing wheel 6 includes an annular fixed ring and an annular emery leaf wheel arranged around the fixed ring; the bottom surface polishing wheel 9 includes a circular fixed plate and a brush-type polishing brush arranged below the fixed plate; the transition arc polishing wheel 10 includes a fixed shaft and an emery leaf wheel polishing wheel arranged outside the fixed shaft. The polishing wheel of the present application is designed according to the actual application environment and the structure of the inner hole and bottom surface polishing tool of the large cylindrical product of the present application, and is more suitable for the inner hole and bottom surface polishing tool of the large cylindrical product of the present application.

[0020] The inner hole and bottom surface polishing tool and polishing method of the large cylindrical products of this application are used to efficiently complete the inner hole and bottom surface polishing of such large cylindrical products, with a roughness of Ra0.4, meeting the design requirements. For example, for large cylindrical products with specifications of φ2400 / φ1500×4800, due to product requirements, the inner surface roughness is required to be ≤Ra0.8, and the method of this application can exceed the requirements.

Claims

1. A tool for polishing the inner hole and bottom surface of a large cylindrical product, comprising a horizontal turning and boring machine, a boring bar (2) arranged on the horizontal turning and boring machine, and a boring sleeve (3) matched with the boring bar (2), characterized in that: The invention also comprises a displacement mechanism detachably mounted on the boring sleeve (3), a spindle seat (4) detachably mounted on the boring sleeve (3) and the displacement mechanism, and a plurality of polishing wheels of different specifications. The motor shaft (5) is detachably mounted on the spindle seat (4), and the polishing wheel is mounted on the shaft head of the motor shaft (5).

2. A large cylindrical product inner hole and bottom surface polishing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The displacement mechanism comprises a guide rail seat (7) detachably mounted on the boring sleeve (3) and a sliding base (8) threadedly connected to the guide rail seat (7); a lead screw (7-2) is arranged in the middle of the guide rail seat (7); a nut (8-2) matching the lead screw (7-2) is arranged in the sliding base (8); and one end of the lead screw (7-2) is connected to a driving motor (7-1).

3. A large cylindrical product inner hole and bottom surface polishing tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The guide rail seat (7) is hollow and has a long strip shape. The lead screw (7-2) is transversely arranged in the guide rail seat (7) and passes through a nut (8-2) of the sliding base (8). The sliding base (8) is provided with sliders (8-1) with dovetail protrusions on both sides of the nut (8-2). The guide rail seat (7) is provided with slideways (7-3) above and below the lead screw (7-2) and respectively cooperates with the two sliders (8-1).

4. A large cylindrical product inner hole and bottom surface polishing tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spindle seat (4) comprises a circular fixing disk (4-1) provided with a plurality of threaded holes and a truncated cone (4-2) arranged at the center of the circular fixing disk. The spindle seat (4) is fixed below the end surface of the boring sleeve by means of screws, and a hole matching the truncated cone (4-2) is provided on the boring sleeve.

5. A large cylindrical product inner hole and bottom surface polishing tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The two ends of the bottom surface of the guide rail seat (7) are provided with protrusions and the guide rail seat (7) is fixed to the end surface of the boring sleeve by bolts. The end surface of the boring sleeve is provided with holes that match the protrusions on the guide rail seat (7). The length of the guide rail seat (7) is not less than the diameter of the boring sleeve (3).

6. A method for polishing the inner hole and bottom surface of a large cylindrical product, characterized in that: Using the above-mentioned polishing tool specifically includes the following steps: Step 1: Place the large cylinder (1) on a horizontal boring machine, clamp the bottom end with a chuck jaw, and support the hole end with an open center frame; Step 2: After aligning the product, polish the inner hole, install the spindle seat (4) on the end face of the boring sleeve (3) of the lathe boring bar (2), install the motor shaft (5) on the spindle seat (4), install the inner hole polishing wheel (6) on the shaft head for rough polishing and fine polishing, and polish the inner hole to the required parameters; Step 3, withdraw the boring bar (2), disassemble the spindle seat (4) installed at the front end of the boring sleeve (3), move the boring sleeve (3) to the front end of the boring bar (2), install the guide rail seat (7) on the end face of the boring sleeve, install the spindle seat (4), the motor shaft (5) and the bottom polishing wheel (9) on the sliding base (8) for rough polishing and fine polishing. During processing, the boring bar (2) is extended into the inner hole to the bottom surface, and the sliding base (8) moves along the guide rail seat (7) according to the program instructions, and the bottom surface is polished to the required parameters in two processes of rough polishing and fine polishing; Step 4, withdraw the boring bar (2), replace the bottom polishing wheel (9) with a transition arc polishing wheel (10) for rough polishing and fine polishing; Step 5: withdraw the boring bar (2), stop the machine, and remove the guide rail seat (7).

7. A method for polishing the inner hole and bottom surface of a large cylindrical product according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 2, during processing, the boring bar (2) is inserted into the inner hole to the bottom surface, the boring sleeve (3) is moved from the outside to the inside by program control, and the large cylinder (1) rotates in the opposite direction to the inner hole polishing wheel (6), which is divided into two processes: rough polishing and fine polishing; in step 4, during processing, the boring bar (2) is inserted into the inner hole to the bottom surface, and according to program instructions, the sliding base (8) moves along the guide rail seat (7) to the transition arc position, which is divided into two processes: rough polishing and fine polishing, and the transition arc is polished to the required parameters.

8. A method for polishing the inner hole and bottom surface of a large cylindrical product according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 3, after the guide rail seat (7) is installed on the end face of the boring sleeve, the distance between the bottom surface of the guide rail seat (7) and the end face of the boring sleeve is 20-40 mm.

9. A method for polishing the inner hole and bottom surface of a large cylindrical product according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inner hole polishing wheel (6) comprises an annular fixed ring and an annular emery leaf wheel arranged around the fixed ring; the bottom surface polishing wheel (9) comprises a circular fixed plate and a brush-type polishing brush arranged below the fixed plate; the transition arc polishing wheel (10) comprises a fixed shaft and an emery leaf wheel polishing wheel arranged outside the fixed shaft.

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