Vacuum freeze drying machine and vacuum freeze drying method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a vacuum freeze dryer and a vacuum freeze drying method, which mainly relate to the technical field of dryer devices. The invention comprises a freezing chamber and a vacuum chamber, wherein a roller is rotatably connected to the freezing chamber, and a plurality of freezing cylinders are provided on the roller, which are sequentially connected to a feed port. A first screw is rotatably connected to the roller, and a first propeller is provided on the first propeller for contacting the material. The side of the first propeller is in sliding contact with the freezing cylinder. A first refrigerant pipeline is wound around the outer side of the freezing cylinder. A first valve and a second valve are separated from the vacuum chamber to form a vacuum heating chamber, and a second propeller is provided on the vacuum heating chamber. The end of the second propeller is provided with a second propeller for contacting the material. The invention also comprises a vacuum pipeline and a heating pipe connected to the vacuum heating chamber. The end of the vacuum chamber is provided with a discharge port, so that the material is discharged from the discharge port. The beneficial effects of the present invention are: solving the problem that the existing vacuum freeze dryer requires manual loading and unloading of materials, improving the efficiency of freeze-vacuum drying materials, and reducing the labor intensity of workers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of dryers, in particular to a vacuum freeze dryer and a vacuum freeze drying method. Background Art

[0002] Vacuum freeze dryer is suitable for drying high-grade raw materials, Chinese herbal medicine slices, biological materials, wild vegetables, dehydrated vegetables, food, fruit, chemicals, pharmaceutical intermediates and other materials.

[0003] A vacuum freeze dryer generally includes a refrigeration system, a vacuum system, a heating system, and a dehumidification system, making full use of the material storage space within the chamber for freeze-drying. The principle of a vacuum freeze dryer is to place the material into the freezer for freezing. During the freezing process, the vacuum system extracts some of the moisture from the material. Furthermore, as the material freezes, the moisture contained in some molecules is expelled to the surface of the material and freezes. Once the material reaches the freezing point, the heating system heats and dries the material, and the vacuum extracts the moisture contained in the material and freezes it in the freezer, achieving freeze-drying.

[0004] The vacuum freeze dryer in the prior art generally has compartments of multiple specifications set up in the dryer. The materials are placed on shelves and manually placed on the compartments, which requires pauses for loading and unloading of materials. The freeze vacuum drying cannot be carried out continuously, which reduces the efficiency of the freeze vacuum drying of materials to a certain extent. At the same time, the materials need to be frequently loaded and unloaded manually, which is very inconvenient. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vacuum freeze dryer and a vacuum freeze drying method to solve the problem that the existing vacuum freeze dryer requires manual loading and unloading of materials, improve the efficiency of freeze-drying materials, and reduce the labor intensity of workers.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A vacuum freeze dryer comprises a freezing box and a vacuum box arranged on a bracket for vacuum freeze drying of materials, wherein a feed port is provided on the top of the freezing box, a roller is rotatably connected to the freezing box, a plurality of freezing cylinders are provided on the roller and are sequentially connected to the feed port, a first screw rod is rotatably connected to the roller, a first propeller is provided on the first propeller for contacting the material, a side surface of the first propeller is in sliding contact with the freezing cylinder, and a first refrigerant pipeline is wound around the outer side of the freezing cylinder;

[0008] The vacuum box is arranged on the lower side of the freezer and is connected to the end of the drum. The upper and lower ends of the vacuum box are respectively provided with a first valve and a second valve. The first valve and the second valve are separated from the vacuum box to form a vacuum heating chamber. The vacuum heating chamber is provided with a second screw rod, and the end of the second screw rod is provided with a second propeller in contact with the material. It also includes a vacuum pipeline and a heating pipeline connected to the vacuum heating chamber. The end of the vacuum box is provided with a discharge port, so that the material is discharged from the discharge port.

[0009] Furthermore, the top of the drum is provided with a center rod rotatably connected to the freezer, the ends of several first spiral rods are provided with first gears, the middle of the center rod is provided with a second gear that is simultaneously engaged with several first gears, and also includes a drive shaft rotatably set on the bracket, the end of the drive shaft is provided with a third gear, and the third gear is engaged with several first gears in turn.

[0010] Furthermore, a driven wheel is provided at the end of the center rod, a plurality of arc grooves are provided on the driven wheel, a shift groove is provided between two adjacent arc grooves, a driving wheel is provided at the end of the driving shaft, shift rods are provided on the upper and lower sides of the driving wheel, and arc blocks are provided on the left and right sides of the driving wheel, the arc blocks are in contact with the arc grooves and limit the center rod from rotating on the freezer, and the shift rod is in contact with the shift grooves and drives the center rod to rotate on the freezer.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a driving motor arranged on the bracket, and the movable end of the driving motor is connected to the driving shaft.

[0012] Furthermore, a turntable is provided in the middle of the central rod, and a plurality of first bearings rotatably connected to the first spiral rod are provided on the turntable. The middle of the central rod is provided with a first step and a second step respectively in contact with the turntable and the second gear.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a second refrigerant pipeline spirally wound around the bottom of the first propeller.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a first rotary joint and a second rotary joint arranged at the end of the center rod, a third rotary joint arranged at the end of the roller, a first air inlet pipe and a first air outlet pipe respectively connected to the inlet and outlet ends of the first refrigerant pipeline, and a second air inlet pipe and a second air outlet pipe connected to the inlet and outlet ends of the second refrigerant pipeline. The first rotary joint is respectively connected to the first air inlet pipe and the second air inlet pipe, the second rotary joint is connected to the second air outlet pipe, and the third rotary joint is connected to the second air outlet pipe. The top of the vacuum box is provided with an exhaust pipe connected to the third rotary joint.

[0015] Furthermore, the freezing box and the vacuum box are tiltedly arranged on the bracket, the first propeller is provided with a plurality of protrusions, and a compartment is formed between two adjacent protrusions and the first propeller, and the height of the protrusions is lower than the height of the material.

[0016] Furthermore, a heat-insulating layer and two second bearings are provided between the drum and the freezer, and the two second bearings are provided at both ends of the drum.

[0017] A vacuum freeze drying method using a vacuum freeze dryer comprises the following steps:

[0018] S1. The material is put into the freezing box through the feed port, so that the material first enters the top of one of the freezing barrels on the drum. Then, the first screw rod on the drum rotates, driving the first propeller provided on the first screw rod to rotate in the freezing barrel, so that the first propeller contacts the material and pushes the material to slide in the drum, causing it to move down a short distance.

[0019] S2. The refrigerant is compressed into a high-temperature, high-pressure gas using a compressor. After the gas is liquefied by dissipating heat through a condenser, the pressure is reduced by a throttling device. The refrigerant is then directed into the first refrigerant pipeline. The cold refrigerant absorbs heat from the surrounding environment (including the material), rapidly lowering the material temperature to below its eutectic point, turning the moisture in the material into solid ice.

[0020] S3, the roller rotates on the freezing box, driving several rollers to rotate together until the feed port corresponds to the inlet of the next roller, and then the material is continuously fed into the next roller. At the same time, all the first screws continue to rotate, and the material is driven to continue to move downward by the first screw, thereby periodically feeding the material into each roller, so that the materials of different cycles in the same roller are separated by a certain distance, thereby preventing the materials of different cycles from being mixed together, thereby ensuring that the materials are fully frozen;

[0021] S4: After the freezing is completed, the material moves to the end of the drum, slides off the drum, and falls into the vacuum box connected to the freezing box. The material is intercepted by the first valve and accumulated on the top of the vacuum box;

[0022] S5. When the accumulated material reaches a certain amount, the first valve is opened to allow the material to enter the vacuum heating chamber. Hot air is input into the vacuum heating chamber through the heating pipe to raise the temperature in the vacuum heating chamber to above the boiling point of ice. A vacuum pump is connected to the vacuum pipe to extract the air in the vacuum heating chamber to reduce its pressure to a certain level. In this low-pressure environment, due to the lowering of the boiling point of ice, solid ice will directly sublime into water vapor without undergoing liquid conversion. The water vapor generated by the sublimation of ice in the material will be pumped away by the vacuum pump and enter the condenser (water trap), thereby removing most of the moisture in the material. However, some moisture with strong binding force may still exist. At this time, it is necessary to further increase the temperature of the input hot air and the temperature of the material so that the remaining moisture can obtain sufficient energy, be released from the binding state, and continue to sublime into water vapor, thereby further reducing the moisture content of the material.

[0023] S6. The dried material slowly slides down from the second propeller and falls onto the second valve, realizing vacuum freeze drying of the material. In the process of the material sliding down on the second propeller, the material is spread out and spread on the second propeller, increasing the contact area between the hot air and the material, further improving the efficiency of material drying. Finally, when the material accumulates to a certain amount, the second valve is opened to discharge the material from the discharge port, thereby realizing the drying of the material and facilitating subsequent storage and use.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0025] 1. The material is put into the freezer from the feed port, so that the material first enters the top of one of the freezing barrels on the drum, and then the first screw is rotated on the drum, driving the first propeller provided with the first screw to rotate in the freezing cylinder, so that the first propeller contacts the material and pushes the material to slide in the drum, causing it to move down a short distance. At the same time, the compressor is used to compress the refrigerant into high-temperature and high-pressure gas. After the condenser dissipates heat and liquefies it, the pressure is reduced by the throttling device, and then the refrigerant is guided into the first refrigerant pipeline. The cold refrigerant absorbs the heat of the surrounding environment (including the material), so that the temperature of the material is quickly reduced to below its eutectic point temperature. The moisture in the material turns into solid ice, thus forming an ice crystal structure, preparing for subsequent sublimation drying; then the roller rotates on the freezer, driving several rollers to rotate together until the feed port corresponds to the inlet of the next roller, and then the material continues to be fed into the next roller, and at the same time, all the first screws continue to rotate, and the material is driven to continue to move downward by the first propeller, thereby periodically feeding the material into each roller, so that the materials of different cycles in the same roller are separated by a distance, avoiding the mixing of materials of different cycles, thereby ensuring that the material is fully frozen, improving the effect of freezing the material, and facilitating its subsequent drying;

[0026] 2. Open the first valve to allow the material to enter the vacuum heating chamber. Hot air is input into the vacuum heating chamber through the heating pipe to raise the temperature in the vacuum heating chamber to above the boiling point of ice. At the same time, the vacuum pipe is connected to the vacuum pump to extract the air in the vacuum heating chamber to reduce its pressure to a certain level, usually between tens and hundreds of Pascals. In this low-pressure environment, due to the lowering of the boiling point of ice, solid ice will directly sublimate into water vapor without undergoing liquid conversion. The water vapor generated by the sublimation of ice in the material will be pumped away by the vacuum pump and enter the condenser (water trap), thereby removing most of the moisture in the material. However, there may still be some moisture with strong binding force. At this time, it is necessary to further increase the temperature of the input hot air and the temperature of the material so that the remaining moisture can obtain enough energy to be freed from the binding state and continue to sublimate into water vapor, thereby further reducing the moisture content of the material and achieving the required degree of drying.

[0027] 3. The dried material slowly slides down from the second propeller and falls onto the second valve, thereby realizing vacuum freeze drying of the material. There is no need to manually load and unload the material on the freezer and vacuum box, and there is no need to manually transfer the material from the freezer to the vacuum box during the process, thereby improving the efficiency of freeze vacuum drying of the material and reducing the labor intensity of the workers. In addition, in the process of the material sliding down on the second propeller, the material is spread out and spread on the second propeller, increasing the contact area between the hot air and the material, further improving the efficiency of material drying; finally, when the material accumulates to a certain amount, the second valve is opened to discharge the material from the discharge port, thereby realizing the drying of the material and facilitating subsequent storage and use;

[0028] 4. By driving the motor, drive shaft, bracket, drive wheel, arc block, and arc groove, the restriction on the rotation of the driven wheel on the freezing box is released, and at the same time, the drive shaft drives the third gear provided at the end to rotate together. Since the third gear is engaged with one of the first gears, one of the first gears is driven to rotate along with the third gear. Since the second gear is engaged with several first gears at the same time, the torque is transmitted through the second gear to drive the remaining first gears to rotate, thereby simultaneously driving several first screws to rotate on the freezing box, cooperating with the first propeller to contact the material, and driving the material in each freezing cylinder to move down a short distance at the same time. In addition, there is no need to set up multiple power devices to drive the rotation of several first screws respectively, thereby reducing the cost and manufacturing space required for the power device installation;

[0029] Then, through the coordination between the lever, the slot, the center rod and the freezing box, the periodic rotation of the drum on the freezing box is realized, and the material is periodically fed into the feed port, thereby periodically feeding the material into each drum, so that the materials of different cycles in the same drum are spaced a certain distance apart, avoiding the mixing of materials of different cycles, thereby ensuring that the materials are fully frozen, improving the effect of freezing the materials, and facilitating the subsequent drying thereof; in addition, when the drum rotates on the freezing box, the third gear slides out from one of the first gears, releasing the meshing relationship between the two, avoiding the first propeller driving the material to slide down rapidly during the feeding process, affecting the subsequent freezing effect At the same time, there is no need to set up multiple power devices to drive the first screw and the roller to rotate respectively, thereby reducing the cost of installing the power device and the space required for manufacturing. In addition, when the lever slides out of the lever groove, the feed port corresponds to the top of the next freezing cylinder, and the third gear is engaged with the next first gear. Then the arc block will slide back into the arc groove. The resistance generated by the contact between the arc block and the driven wheel limits the rotation of the center rod on the freezing box, avoiding the external force from accidentally driving the center rod to rotate on the freezing box when the feed port is moved to the top of the next roller, causing the feed port to deviate, affecting the normal feeding of materials, thereby improving the efficiency of drying materials.

[0030] 5. A second refrigerant pipeline is wound around the second propeller to further increase the range of heat absorption of the material by the refrigerant, so that the material inside the freezing cylinder can also be fully frozen, improving the freezing effect of the material at all positions of the freezing cylinder, thereby improving the efficiency of subsequent drying of the material;

[0031] At the same time, the first refrigerant pipeline, the second refrigerant pipeline, the first inlet pipe and the second inlet pipe, the first outlet pipe, the second outlet pipe, the first adapter, the second adapter, and the third adapter are coordinated to realize the input and discharge of the refrigerant in the first refrigerant pipeline and the second refrigerant pipeline. At the same time, it is prevented that the first refrigerant pipeline and the second refrigerant pipeline are entangled with each other during the rotation of the drum and the first screw, causing pipeline blockage and affecting the normal transportation of the refrigerant, thereby improving the freezing effect of the material;

[0032] 6. Since the freezing box and the vacuum box are tilted on the bracket, the material falls slowly from the freezing box and the vacuum box. At the same time, the rolling speed of the material can be controlled by setting the tilt angle of the freezing box and the vacuum box to the bracket. When the material slides on the freezing cylinder, a number of protrusions intercept the material to prevent the material from rolling off the freezing cylinder quickly, causing the material to fall to the end of the cylinder without being fully frozen, affecting the effect of freezing the material, and thus improving the efficiency of material drying. At the same time, the materials stacked in the same place will continue to slide down into the subsequent compartments due to the lack of obstruction from the protrusions, so that the materials are spread flat in each compartment, fully in contact with the second refrigerant pipeline provided on the spiral plate, thereby improving the freezing efficiency of the material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Attachment Figure 1 It is an isometric schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0034] Attachment Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention.

[0035] Attachment Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the interior of the freezer of the present invention.

[0036] Attachment Figure 4 This invention is attached Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of area A in the middle.

[0037] Attachment Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the interior of the vacuum box of the present invention.

[0038] Attachment Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the first refrigerant pipeline of the present invention.

[0039] Attachment Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the second gear of the present invention.

[0040] Attachment Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the cooperation between the driving wheel and the driven wheel of the present invention.

[0041] Reference numerals shown in the accompanying drawings:

[0042] 1. Bracket; 2. Freezer; 3. Vacuum box; 4. Feed port; 5. Drum; 6. Freezer cylinder; 7. First screw; 8. First propeller; 9. First refrigerant pipeline; 10. First valve; 11. Second valve; 12. Vacuum heating chamber; 13. Second screw; 14. Second propeller; 15. Vacuum pipeline; 16. Heating pipeline; 17. Discharge port

[0043] 18. Center rod; 19. First gear; 20. Second gear; 21. Drive shaft; 22. Third gear; 23. Driven wheel; 24. Arc groove; 25. Shifting groove; 26. Drive wheel; 27. Shifting lever; 28. Arc block; 29. ​​Drive motor;

[0044] 30. Turntable; 31. First bearing; 32. First step; 33. Second step;

[0045] 34. Second refrigerant pipeline;

[0046] 35. First rotary joint; 36. Second rotary joint; 37. Third rotary joint; 38. First air inlet pipe; 39. First air outlet pipe; 40. Second air inlet pipe; 41. Second air outlet pipe; 42. Exhaust pipe;

[0047] 43. Bump; 44. Compartment; 45. Insulation layer; 46. Second bearing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used in limiting the scope of the present invention.In addition, should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms fall within the scope limited by the application equally.

[0049] The present invention provides a vacuum freeze dryer, such as Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, it includes a freezing box 2 and a vacuum box 3 arranged on a bracket 1 for vacuum freeze drying of materials, a feed port 4 is provided on the top of the freezing box 2, a roller 5 is rotatably connected to the freezing box 2, and a plurality of freezing cylinders 6 are provided on the roller 5 which are sequentially connected to the feed port 4, a first screw rod 7 is rotatably connected to the roller 5, a first propeller 8 in contact with the material is provided on the first propeller 7, and the side of the first propeller 8 is in sliding contact with the freezing cylinder 6, and a first refrigerant pipeline 9 is wound around the outer side of the freezing cylinder 6, and the material is cyclically put into the freezing box 2 from the feed port 4 so that the material first enters the top of one of the freezing barrels on the roller 5, and then the first screw rod 7 is rotated on the roller 5, driving the first propeller 8 provided on the first propeller 7 to rotate in the freezing cylinder 6, so that the first propeller 8 is in contact with the material and pushes the material to slide in the roller 5, causing it to move down a short distance, and at the same time, a compressor is used to compress the refrigerant into After the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is liquefied by dissipating heat in the condenser, it is depressurized by the throttling device, and then the refrigerant is guided into the first refrigerant pipeline 9. The cold refrigerant absorbs heat from the surrounding environment (including the material), so that the temperature of the material is rapidly reduced to below its eutectic point temperature, and the moisture in the material is turned into solid ice, thereby forming an ice crystal structure, preparing for subsequent sublimation drying; then the roller 5 rotates on the freezing box 2, driving several rollers 5 to rotate together, until the feed port 4 corresponds to the inlet of the next roller 5, and then the material is continued to be fed into the next roller 5, and at the same time, all the first screw rods 7 continue to rotate, and the material is driven to continue to move downward by the first propeller 8, so as to periodically feed the material into each roller 5, so that the materials of different cycles in the same roller 5 are separated by a distance, so as to avoid the mixing of materials of different cycles, thereby ensuring that the material is fully frozen, improving the effect of freezing the material, and facilitating the subsequent drying;

[0050] The vacuum box 3 is arranged at the lower side of the freezing box 2 and is connected to the end of the drum 5. The upper and lower ends of the vacuum box 3 are respectively provided with a first valve 10 and a second valve 11. The first valve 10 and the second valve 11 are separated from the vacuum box 3 to form a vacuum heating chamber 12. The vacuum heating chamber 12 is provided with a second screw rod 13. The end of the second screw rod 13 is provided with a second propeller 14 that contacts the material. It also includes a vacuum pipeline 15 and a heating pipeline 16 that are connected to the vacuum heating chamber 12. After the freezing is completed, the material moves to the end of the drum 5, slides off the drum 5, and falls into the vacuum box 3 connected to the freezing box 2. The material is intercepted by the first valve 10 to be stacked. The accumulated material is accumulated on the top of the vacuum box 3, and the connection between the vacuum heating chamber 12 and the freezing chamber 2 is blocked by the first valve 10, so as to avoid the neutralization of the cold air in the freezing chamber 2 and the hot air in the vacuum heating chamber 12, thereby reducing the energy loss in the process of vacuum freeze drying the material; when the accumulated material reaches a certain amount, the first valve 10 is opened to allow the material to enter the vacuum heating chamber 12, and hot air is input into the vacuum heating chamber 12 through the heating pipe 16 to raise the temperature in the vacuum heating chamber 12 to above the boiling point of ice. At the same time, the vacuum pipe is connected to the vacuum pump to extract the air in the vacuum heating chamber 12 to reduce its pressure to a certain level, usually between tens and hundreds of Pascals. In this low-pressure environment, Under normal circumstances, due to the decrease in the boiling point of ice, solid ice will directly sublimate into water vapor without undergoing liquid conversion. The water vapor generated by the sublimation of ice in the material will be pumped away by the vacuum pump and enter the condenser (water trap), thereby removing most of the moisture in the material. However, there may still be some moisture with strong binding force. At this time, it is necessary to further increase the temperature of the input hot air and the temperature of the material so that the remaining moisture can obtain enough energy to be freed from the binding state and continue to sublimate into water vapor, thereby further reducing the moisture content of the material and achieving the required degree of drying. The dried material slowly slides off the second propeller 14 and falls onto the second valve 11, thereby realizing the vacuum of the material. Freeze drying does not require manual loading and unloading of materials on the freezing box 2 and the vacuum box 3, and does not require manual transfer of materials from the freezing box 2 to the vacuum box 3 in the middle, thereby improving the efficiency of freeze vacuum drying of materials and reducing the labor intensity of workers. In addition, in the process of the material sliding on the second propeller 14, the material is spread out and spread on the second propeller 14, increasing the contact area between the hot air and the material, and further improving the efficiency of material drying; finally, when the material accumulates to a certain amount, the second valve 11 is opened to discharge the material from the discharge port 17, thereby achieving the drying of the material and facilitating subsequent storage and use; the end of the vacuum box 3 is provided with a discharge port 17, so that the material is discharged from the discharge port 17.

[0051] Preferably, Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 7As shown, the top of the drum 5 is provided with a center rod 18 rotatably connected to the freezing box 2, and the ends of several first spiral rods 7 are each provided with a first gear 19. The middle part of the center rod 18 is provided with a second gear 20 that meshes with several first gears 19 at the same time. It also includes a drive shaft 21 rotatably set on the bracket 1, and the end of the drive shaft 21 is provided with a third gear 22. The third gear 22 meshes with several first gears 19 in sequence. When the third gear 22 meshes with one of the first gears 19, the drive shaft 21 is rotated on the bracket 1, so that the drive shaft 21 drives the third gear 22 provided at the end to rotate together, driving one of the first gears 19 to rotate along with the third gear 22. Since the second gear 20 meshes with several first gears 19 at the same time, the torque transmitted by the second gear 20 drives the remaining first gears 19 to rotate, cooperating with the first propeller 8 to contact the material, driving the material in each freezing cylinder 6 to move downward a short distance at the same time. In addition, there is no need to set up multiple power devices to drive the rotation of several first screws respectively, thereby reducing the cost and manufacturing space required for the power device installation.

[0052] Preferably, Figure 3 and Figure 8 As shown, a driven wheel 23 is provided at the end of the center rod 18, and a plurality of arc grooves 24 are provided on the driven wheel 23. A shifting groove 25 is provided between two adjacent arc grooves 24. A driving wheel 26 is provided at the end of the driving shaft 21. A shifting rod 27 is provided on the upper and lower sides of the driving wheel 26, and an arc block 28 is provided on the left and right sides of the driving wheel 26. The arc block 28 contacts the arc groove 24 and limits the rotation of the center rod 18 on the freezer 2, so as to avoid the external force accidentally driving the center rod 18 to rotate on the freezer 2 when the feed port 4 is moved to the top of the next roller 5. The rotation on the freezing box 2 causes the feed port 4 to deviate, affecting the normal feeding of materials, thereby improving the efficiency of drying materials; the shifting rod 27 contacts the shifting groove 25, and drives the central rod 18 to rotate on the freezing box 2, realizing the periodic rotation of the roller 5 on the freezing box 2, cooperating with the periodic feeding of materials into the feed port 4, thereby periodically feeding materials into each roller 5, so that materials of different cycles in the same roller 5 are separated by a distance, avoiding the mixing of materials of different cycles, thereby ensuring that the materials are fully frozen, improving the effect of freezing the materials, and facilitating the subsequent drying thereof.

[0053] Preferably, Figure 3 As shown, the bracket 1 further includes a driving motor 29 , the movable end of which is connected to the driving shaft 21 to provide power for the driving shaft 21 to rotate on the bracket 1 .

[0054] Preferably, Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, a turntable 30 is provided in the middle of the center rod 18, and a plurality of first bearings 31 rotatably connected to the first screw rod 7 are provided on the turntable 30. A first step 32 and a second step 33 are respectively provided in the middle of the center rod 18 to contact the turntable 30 and the second gear 20, so as to reduce the friction generated by the rotation of the first screw rod 7 and fix the first screw rod 7 on the turntable 30, thereby ensuring the stability of the overall structure, allowing the freezing of materials to proceed normally, and improving the efficiency of freezing materials.

[0055] Preferably, Figure 3 As shown, it also includes a second refrigerant pipe 34 spirally wound around the bottom of the first propeller 8, which further increases the range of the refrigerant absorbing heat from the material, so that the material located on the inner side of the freezing cylinder 6 can also be fully frozen, thereby improving the freezing effect of the material at various positions of the freezing cylinder 6, and thereby improving the efficiency of subsequent drying of the material.

[0056] Preferably, Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, it also includes a first rotary joint and a second rotary joint 36 arranged at the end of the center rod 18, a third rotary joint 37 arranged at the end of the roller 5, a first air inlet pipe 38 and a first air outlet pipe 39 respectively connected to the inlet and outlet ends of the first refrigerant pipeline 9, and a second air inlet pipe 40 and a second air outlet pipe 41 connected to the inlet and outlet ends of the second refrigerant pipeline 34. The first rotary joint is connected to the first air inlet pipe 38 and the second air inlet pipe 40 respectively, the second rotary joint 36 is connected to the second air outlet pipe 41, and the third rotary joint 37 is connected to the second air outlet pipe 41. The top of the vacuum box 3 is provided with an exhaust pipe 42 connected to the third rotary joint 37, which realizes the input and discharge of refrigerant of the first refrigerant pipeline 9 and the second refrigerant pipeline 34 respectively, and at the same time avoids the first refrigerant pipeline 9 and the second refrigerant pipeline 34 from being entangled with each other during the rotation of the roller 5 and the first screw, causing pipeline blockage, affecting the normal transportation of the refrigerant, and thereby improving the freezing effect of the material.

[0057] Preferably, Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 7As shown, the freezing box 2 and the vacuum box 3 are tilted on the bracket 1, so that the material falls slowly from the freezing box 2 and the vacuum box 3. The rolling speed of the material is controlled by setting the tilt angle of the freezing box 2 and the vacuum box 3 to the bracket 1; in addition, the first propeller 8 can be made of a flexible material to prevent the material from being damaged during the falling process; the first propeller 8 is provided with a plurality of protrusions 43, and a compartment 44 is formed between two adjacent protrusions 43 and the first propeller 8. The height of the protrusions 43 is lower than the height of the material. The material is intercepted by the plurality of protrusions 43 to prevent the material from rolling off the freezing cylinder 6 quickly, resulting in the material falling to the end of the drum 5 without being fully frozen, affecting the effect of freezing the material, thereby improving the efficiency of material drying; at the same time, the material stacked in the same place will continue to slide down into the subsequent compartments 44 due to the lack of obstruction of the protrusions 43, so that the material is spread flat in each compartment 44, fully in contact with the second refrigerant pipeline 34 provided on the spiral plate, thereby improving the freezing efficiency of the material.

[0058] Preferably, Figure 3 As shown, an insulation layer 45 and two second bearings 46 are provided between the drum 5 and the freezer 2. The two second bearings 46 are arranged at both ends of the drum 5. The drum 5 is rotatably fixed on the freezer 2 through the second bearings 46, while reducing the friction generated during the rotation of the drum 5 and reducing the burden on the drive motor 29. At the same time, the insulation layer 45 isolates the drum 5 from the outside world, reducing the influence of the outside temperature on the internal temperature of the freezer cylinder 6, thereby improving the freezing efficiency of the material.

[0059] A vacuum freeze drying method of a vacuum freeze dryer, such as Figure 1-5 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0060] S1. The material is fed into the freezing chamber 2 through the feed port 4, so that the material first enters the top of one of the freezing barrels on the drum 5. Then, the first screw rod 7 is rotated on the drum 5, driving the first propeller 8 provided on the first screw rod 7 to rotate in the freezing cylinder 6, so that the first propeller 8 contacts the material and pushes the material to slide in the drum 5, causing it to move down a short distance.

[0061] S2. The refrigerant is compressed into a high-temperature, high-pressure gas using a compressor. After the gas is liquefied by dissipating heat through a condenser, the pressure is reduced by a throttling device. The refrigerant is then directed into the first refrigerant pipeline 9. The cold refrigerant absorbs heat from the surrounding environment (including the material), rapidly reducing the material temperature to below its eutectic point. The moisture in the material is converted into solid ice, thereby forming an ice crystal structure, preparing for subsequent sublimation drying.

[0062] S3, the roller 5 rotates on the freezing box 2, driving several rollers 5 to rotate together until the feed port 4 corresponds to the inlet of the next roller 5, and then continues to put the material into the next roller 5, and at the same time continues to rotate all the first screw rods 7, and drives the material to continue to move downward through the first propeller 8, so as to periodically put the material into each roller 5, so that the materials of different cycles in the same roller 5 are separated by a distance, avoiding the mixing of materials of different cycles, thereby ensuring that the materials are fully frozen, improving the effect of freezing the materials, and facilitating the subsequent drying thereof;

[0063] S4, after the freezing is completed, the material moves to the end of the drum 5, slides off the drum 5, and falls into the vacuum box 3 connected to the freezing box 2. The material is intercepted by the first valve 10 and accumulated on the top of the vacuum box 3. At the same time, the connection between the vacuum heating chamber 12 and the freezing box 2 is blocked by the first valve 10 to avoid the neutralization of the cold air in the freezing box 2 and the hot air in the vacuum heating chamber 12, thereby reducing the energy loss in the vacuum freeze-drying process of the material;

[0064] S5. When the accumulated material reaches a certain amount, the first valve 10 is opened to allow the material to enter the vacuum heating chamber 12. Hot air is input into the vacuum heating chamber 12 through the heating pipe 16 to raise the temperature in the vacuum heating chamber 12 to above the boiling point of ice. At the same time, the vacuum pipe is connected to the vacuum pump to extract the air in the vacuum heating chamber 12 to reduce its pressure to a certain level, usually between tens and hundreds of Pascals. In this low-pressure environment, due to the lowering of the boiling point of ice, solid ice will directly sublime into water vapor without undergoing liquid conversion. The water vapor generated by the sublimation of ice in the material will be pumped away by the vacuum pump and enter the condenser (water trap), thereby removing most of the moisture in the material. However, some moisture with strong binding force may still exist. At this time, it is necessary to further increase the temperature of the input hot air and the temperature of the material so that the remaining moisture can obtain sufficient energy to be released from the bound state and continue to sublime into water vapor, thereby further reducing the moisture content of the material and achieving the required degree of drying.

[0065] S6. The dried material slowly slides down from the second propeller 14 and falls onto the second valve 11, thereby realizing vacuum freeze-drying of the material. There is no need to manually load and unload the material on the freezing box 2 and the vacuum box 3, and there is no need to manually transfer the material from the freezing box 2 to the vacuum box 3 in the middle, thereby improving the efficiency of freeze-vacuum drying of the material and reducing the labor intensity of the workers. In addition, in the process of the material sliding down on the second propeller 14, the material is spread out and spread on the second propeller 14, increasing the contact area between the hot air and the material, and further improving the efficiency of material drying; finally, when the material accumulates to a certain amount, the second valve 11 is opened to discharge the material from the discharge port 17, thereby realizing the drying of the material and facilitating subsequent storage and use.

[0066] Example 1

[0067] The present invention provides a vacuum freeze drying machine and a vacuum freeze drying method. Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, the material is put into the freezing box 2 through the feed port 4 in a cycle, so that the material first enters the top of one of the freezing barrels on the roller 5, and then the first screw rod 7 is rotated on the roller 5, driving the first propeller 8 provided with the first screw rod 7 to rotate in the freezing cylinder 6, so that the first propeller 8 contacts the material and pushes the material to slide in the roller 5, causing it to move down a short distance. At the same time, the compressor is used to compress the refrigerant into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas. After the condenser dissipates heat and liquefies it, the pressure is reduced by the throttling device, and then the refrigerant is guided into the first refrigerant pipeline 9. The cold refrigerant absorbs heat from the surrounding environment (including the material), so that the temperature of the material is rapidly reduced to below its eutectic point temperature. , so that the moisture in the material turns into solid ice, thereby forming an ice crystal structure, preparing for subsequent sublimation drying; then the roller 5 rotates on the freezing box 2, driving several rollers 5 to rotate together, until the feed port 4 corresponds to the inlet of the next roller 5, and then continue to put the material into the next roller 5, and at the same time continue to rotate all the first screw rods 7, and drive the material to continue to move downward through the first propeller 8, so as to periodically put the material into each roller 5, so that the materials of different cycles in the same roller 5 are separated by a distance, avoiding the mixing of materials of different cycles, thereby ensuring that the materials are fully frozen, improving the effect of freezing the materials, and facilitating the subsequent drying;

[0068] After the freezing is completed, the material moves to the end of the roller 5, slides down from the roller 5, and falls into the vacuum box 3 connected to the freezing box 2. The material is intercepted by the first valve 10 and accumulated on the top of the vacuum box 3. At the same time, the connection between the vacuum heating chamber 12 and the freezing box 2 is cut off by the first valve 10 to avoid the neutralization of the cold air in the freezing box 2 and the hot air in the vacuum heating chamber 12, thereby reducing the energy loss in the vacuum freeze-drying process. When the accumulated material reaches a certain amount, the first valve 10 is opened to allow the material to enter the vacuum heating chamber 12. Hot air is input into the vacuum heating chamber 12 through the heating pipe 16, and the temperature in the vacuum heating chamber 12 is raised to above the boiling point of ice. At the same time, the vacuum pipe is connected to the vacuum pump to extract the air in the vacuum heating chamber 12 and reduce its pressure to a certain level, usually between tens and hundreds of Pascals. In this low-pressure environment, due to the lowering of the boiling point of ice, the solid ice will directly sublime into water vapor without undergoing liquid conversion. The water vapor generated by the sublimation of ice in the material will be pumped away by the vacuum pump and enter the condenser (water trap). , thereby removing most of the moisture in the material, but there may still be some moisture with strong binding force. At this time, it is necessary to further increase the temperature of the input hot air and the temperature of the material so that these remaining moisture can obtain enough energy to be freed from the binding state and continue to sublimate into water vapor, thereby further reducing the moisture content of the material and achieving the required degree of drying. The dried material slowly slides off the second propeller 14 and falls onto the second valve 11, thereby realizing vacuum freeze drying of the material. There is no need to manually load and unload the material on the freezing box 2 and the vacuum box 3, and there is no need to manually transfer the material from the freezing box 2 to the vacuum box 3 in the middle, thereby improving the efficiency of freeze vacuum drying of the material and reducing the labor intensity of the workers. In addition, in the process of the material sliding on the second propeller 14, the material is spread out and spread on the second propeller 14, increasing the contact area between the hot air and the material, further improving the efficiency of material drying; finally, when the material accumulates to a certain amount, the second valve 11 is opened to discharge the material from the discharge port 17, thereby realizing the drying of the material and facilitating subsequent storage and use.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] On the basis of Example 1, Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the driving motor 29 drives the driving shaft 21 to rotate on the bracket 1, thereby driving the driving wheel 26 to rotate together, so that the arc block 28 provided on the driving wheel 26 slides out of the arc groove 24, releasing the restriction on the rotation of the driven wheel 23 on the freezing box 2, and at the same time driving the driving shaft 21 to drive the third gear 22 provided on the end thereof to rotate together. Since the third gear 22 is engaged with one of the first gears 19, one of the first gears 19 is driven to rotate following the third gear 22. Since the second gear 20 is engaged with several first gears 19 at the same time, the torque is transmitted through the second gear 20 to drive the remaining first gears 19 to rotate, thereby simultaneously driving several first screw rods 7 to rotate on the freezing box 2, cooperating with the first propeller 8 to contact the material, driving the material in each freezing cylinder 6 to move down a short distance at the same time. In addition, there is no need to additionally set up multiple power devices to drive the rotation of several first screw rods respectively, thereby reducing the cost and manufacturing space required for the installation of the power device.

[0071] Then, one of the levers 27 contacts the lever groove 25, and the component force generated after the contact drives the center rod 18 to rotate on the freezing box 2, thereby realizing the periodic rotation of the drum 5 on the freezing box 2, and periodically feeding the material into the feed port 4, thereby periodically feeding the material into each drum 5, so that the materials of different cycles in the same drum 5 are separated by a certain distance, thereby avoiding the mixing of materials of different cycles, thereby ensuring that the materials are fully frozen, improving the effect of freezing the materials, and facilitating the subsequent drying thereof; in addition, when the drum 5 rotates on the freezing box 2, the third gear 22 slides out from one of the first gears 19, releasing the meshing relationship between the two, and avoiding the first propeller 8 driving the materials to slide down rapidly during the feeding process, which affects the subsequent freezing The effect is achieved, and at the same time, there is no need to set up multiple power devices to drive the first screw and the roller 5 to rotate respectively, thereby reducing the cost of installing the power device and the space required for manufacturing. In addition, when the lever 27 slides out of the lever groove 25, the feed port 4 corresponds to the top of the next freezing cylinder 6, and the third gear 22 is engaged with the next first gear 19, and then the arc block 28 will slide back into the arc groove 24. The resistance generated by the contact between the arc block 28 and the driven wheel 23 limits the rotation of the center rod 18 on the freezing box 2, so as to avoid the external force inadvertently driving the center rod 18 to rotate on the freezing box 2 when the feed port 4 is moved to the top of the next roller 5, causing the feed port 4 to deviate, affecting the normal feeding of materials, thereby improving the efficiency of drying materials.

[0072] Example 3

[0073] On the basis of Example 1, Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, a compressor is used to compress the refrigerant into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas. After the refrigerant is liquefied by dissipating heat through the condenser, the pressure is reduced by the throttling device. The refrigerant is then guided by the first rotary joint to the first air inlet pipe 38 and the second air inlet pipe 40, and flows into the first refrigerant pipeline 9 and the second refrigerant pipeline 34. The refrigerant absorbs heat from the surrounding environment (including the material), thereby reducing the temperature of the material and achieving freezing. Since the second refrigerant pipeline 34 is wound around the second propeller 14, the range of the refrigerant absorbing heat from the material is further increased, so that the material located on the inner side of the freezing cylinder 6 can also be fully frozen, thereby improving the freezing effect of the material at various positions of the freezing cylinder 6, thereby improving the efficiency of subsequent drying of the material.

[0074] After absorbing the heat, the refrigerant flows out from the outlets of the first refrigerant pipeline 9 and the second refrigerant pipeline 34, and flows into the first outlet pipe 39 and the second outlet pipe 41 respectively, and is discharged to the outside after passing through the second adapter and the third adapter respectively, thereby realizing the input and discharge of the refrigerant of the first refrigerant pipeline 9 and the second refrigerant pipeline 34, and at the same time avoiding the first refrigerant pipeline 9 and the second refrigerant pipeline 34 from being entangled with each other during the rotation of the roller 5 and the first screw, causing pipeline blockage, affecting the normal transportation of the refrigerant, and thereby improving the freezing effect of the material.

[0075] Example 4

[0076] On the basis of Example 1, Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown, since the freezing box 2 and the vacuum box 3 are tilted on the bracket 1, the material falls slowly from the freezing box 2 and the vacuum box 3. At the same time, the rolling speed of the material can be controlled by setting the tilt angle of the freezing box 2 and the vacuum box 3 to the bracket 1; when the material slides on the freezing cylinder 6, the material is intercepted by a number of protrusions 43 to prevent the material from rolling off the freezing cylinder 6 quickly, causing the material to fall to the end of the drum 5 without being fully frozen, affecting the effect of freezing the material, and thus improving the efficiency of material drying; at the same time, the materials stacked in the same place will continue to slide down into the subsequent compartments 44 due to the lack of obstruction of the protrusions 43, so that the material is spread flat in each compartment 44, fully in contact with the second refrigerant pipeline 34 provided on the spiral plate, thereby improving the freezing efficiency of the material.

Claims

1. A vacuum freeze dryer comprising a freezer (2) and a vacuum box (3) arranged on a support (1) for vacuum freeze drying of materials, characterized in that: The top of the freezing box (2) is provided with a feed port (4), the freezing box (2) is rotatably connected to a roller (5), the roller (5) is provided with a plurality of freezing cylinders (6) which are sequentially connected to the feed port (4), the roller (5) is rotatably connected to a first screw rod (7), the first screw rod (7) is provided with a first propeller (8) in contact with the material, the side of the first propeller (8) is in sliding contact with the freezing cylinder (6), and the outer side of the freezing cylinder (6) is wound with a first refrigerant pipeline (9); The vacuum box (3) is arranged at the lower side of the freezing box (2) and is connected to the end of the roller (5). The upper and lower ends of the vacuum box (3) are respectively provided with a first valve (10) and a second valve (11). The first valve (10) and the second valve (11) are separated from the vacuum box (3) to form a vacuum heating chamber (12). The vacuum heating chamber (12) is provided with a second screw rod (13). The end of the second screw rod (13) is provided with a second propeller (14) in contact with the material. The vacuum box (3) also includes a vacuum pipeline (15) and a heating pipeline (16) connected to the vacuum heating chamber (12). The end of the vacuum box (3) is provided with a discharge port (17). The top of the drum (5) is provided with a center rod (18) rotatably connected to the freezer (2), the ends of the plurality of first spiral rods (7) are provided with first gears (19), the middle of the center rod (18) is provided with a second gear (20) that is simultaneously meshed with the plurality of first gears (19), and the drum (5) further includes a drive shaft (21) rotatably arranged on the bracket (1), the end of the drive shaft (21) is provided with a third gear (22), and the third gear (22) is meshed with the plurality of first gears (19) in sequence; A driven wheel (23) is provided at the end of the center rod (18), and a plurality of arc grooves (24) are provided on the driven wheel (23). A shifting groove (25) is provided between two adjacent arc grooves (24). A driving wheel (26) is provided at the end of the driving shaft (21). A shifting rod (27) is provided on the upper and lower sides of the driving wheel (26). An arc block (28) is provided on the left and right sides of the driving wheel (26). The arc block (28) contacts the arc groove (24) and limits the center rod (18) from rotating on the freezer (2). The shifting rod (27) contacts the shifting groove (25) and drives the center rod (18) to rotate on the freezer (2). The freezing box (2) and the vacuum box (3) are arranged obliquely on the bracket (1); a plurality of protrusions (43) are provided on the first propeller (8); a compartment (44) is formed between two adjacent protrusions (43) and the first propeller (8); and the height of the protrusions (43) is lower than the height of the material.

2. A vacuum freeze dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a drive motor (29) disposed on the bracket (1), wherein the movable end of the drive motor (29) is connected to the drive shaft (21).

3. A vacuum freeze dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rotating disk (30) is provided in the middle of the central rod (18), and a plurality of first bearings (31) rotatably connected to the first spiral rod (7) are provided on the rotating disk (30). A first step (32) and a second step (33) are provided in the middle of the central rod (18), which are in contact with the rotating disk (30) and the second gear (20), respectively.

4. A vacuum freeze dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a second refrigerant pipeline (34) spirally wound around the bottom of the first propeller (8).

5. A vacuum freeze dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vacuum box (3) further comprises a first rotary joint (35) and a second rotary joint (36) arranged at the end of the center rod (18), a third rotary joint (37) arranged at the end of the roller (5), a first air inlet pipe (38) and a first air outlet pipe (39) respectively connected to the inlet end and the outlet end of the first refrigerant pipeline (9), and a second air inlet pipe (40) and a second air outlet pipe (41) respectively connected to the inlet end and the outlet end of the second refrigerant pipeline (34), wherein the first rotary joint (35) is respectively connected to the first air inlet pipe (38) and the second air inlet pipe (40), the second rotary joint (36) is connected to the second air outlet pipe (41), the third rotary joint (37) is connected to the second air outlet pipe (41), and the top of the vacuum box (3) is provided with an exhaust pipe (42) connected to the third rotary joint (37).

6. A vacuum freeze dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heat-insulating layer (45) and two second bearings (46) are provided between the drum (5) and the freezer (2), and the two second bearings (46) are provided at both ends of the drum (5).

7. The vacuum freeze-drying method of a vacuum freeze-drying machine according to claim 1, wherein: The following steps are involved: S1. The material is fed into the freezing chamber (2) through the feed port (4) so ​​that the material first enters the top of one of the freezing barrels on the roller (5), and then the first screw rod (7) is rotated on the roller (5), driving the first propeller (8) provided on the first screw rod (7) to rotate in the freezing barrel (6), so that the first propeller (8) contacts the material and pushes the material to slide in the roller (5), causing it to move down a short distance; S2, using a compressor to compress the refrigerant into a high-temperature, high-pressure gas, dissipating heat and liquefying it through a condenser, reducing the pressure through a throttling device, and then guiding the refrigerant into the first refrigerant pipeline (9), where the cold refrigerant absorbs heat from the surrounding environment (including the material), causing the material temperature to drop rapidly to below its eutectic point, turning the moisture in the material into solid ice; S3, the roller (5) rotates on the freezing box (2), driving several rollers (5) to rotate together until the feed port (4) corresponds to the inlet of the next roller (5), and then continues to feed the material into the next roller (5), while continuing to rotate all the first screw rods (7), and driving the material to continue to move downward through the first propeller (8), thereby periodically feeding the material into each roller (5), so that the materials of different cycles in the same roller (5) are separated by a distance, avoiding mixing of materials of different cycles, thereby ensuring that the materials are fully frozen; S4, after the freezing is completed, the material moves to the end of the roller (5), slides off the roller (5), and falls into the vacuum box (3) connected to the freezing box (2), and is intercepted by the first valve (10) and accumulated on the top of the vacuum box (3); S5. When the accumulated material reaches a certain amount, the first valve (10) is opened to allow the material to enter the vacuum heating chamber (12). Hot air is input into the vacuum heating chamber (12) through the heating pipe (16), and the temperature in the vacuum heating chamber (12) is raised to above the boiling point of ice. A vacuum pump is connected to the vacuum pipe to extract the air in the vacuum heating chamber (12) to reduce its pressure to a certain level. Under such a low-pressure environment, due to the lowering of the boiling point of ice, solid ice will directly sublime into water vapor without undergoing liquid conversion. The water vapor generated by the sublimation of ice in the material will be pumped away by the vacuum pump and enter the condenser (water trap), thereby removing most of the moisture in the material. However, there may still be some moisture with strong binding force. At this time, it is necessary to further increase the temperature of the input hot air and increase the temperature of the material so that the remaining moisture can obtain enough energy to be released from the binding state and continue to sublime into water vapor, thereby further reducing the moisture content of the material. S6. The dried material slowly slides down from the second propeller (14) and falls onto the second valve (11), thereby achieving vacuum freeze drying of the material. During the process of the material sliding down on the second propeller (14), the material is spread out and evenly spread on the second propeller (14), thereby increasing the contact area between the hot air and the material and further improving the efficiency of material drying. Finally, when the material accumulates to a certain amount, the second valve (11) is opened, so that the material is discharged from the discharge port (17), thereby achieving drying of the material and facilitating subsequent storage and use.

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