High-speed differential bus switching system based on multi-slot backboard

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of interconnection or transmission of information or other signals among memories, input / output equipment or central processing units, in particular to a bus structure. According to the technical scheme, the high-speed differential bus switching system based on the multi-card-slot backboard comprises the backboard, the backboard is provided with a plurality of board card connectors and a plurality of signal change-over switch modules, the board card connectors are connected with USB differential pairs, a USB bus of each board card connector carries one signal change-over switch module for achieving USB channel switching, and the signal change-over switch modules are connected with the board card connectors. The first-stage board card connector in the board card connectors only allows the main control board card to be inserted, and the other board card connectors allow the board cards to be inserted at will. The high-speed differential bus switching system based on the multi-card-slot backboard solves the problems that a function card is difficult to insert into any card slot and channels cannot be automatically switched, and achieves the purposes of low cost, insertion of the function card into any card slot, automatic channel switching, flexible communication and good signal quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of interconnection or transmission of information or other signals between memories, input / output devices or central processing units, and in particular to a bus structure. Background Art

[0002] In the context of increasingly complex modern communication systems, products usually need to meet the growing functional requirements by stacking more functional boards. This is particularly evident in the field of industrial control, where common backplane buses include CAN, LVDS, and Ethercat. These bus systems are based on a set of differential pair signals, which can realize a one-master-multiple-slave control mode, so that various functional boards can be inserted into any slot on the backplane for communication. However, the transmission rate of this type of bus is relatively low and cannot meet the needs of some high-speed data transmission. In order to adapt to higher data transmission requirements, especially the demand for high-speed functional boards such as USB expansion cards and USB network cards, the industry began to introduce USB buses. USB 2.0 has a rate of up to 480Mbps, which can provide a higher transmission rate. However, the USB bus is designed for point-to-point communication, which means that a set of USB buses only supports the connection of one master device and one slave device. This point-to-point communication mode brings some challenges in multi-slot systems. At present, the common practice in the industry is to require users to insert the functional board into the designated card slot to achieve USB communication. Although this practice has solved the needs of USB communication to some extent, it has also brought a series of problems. First, this approach limits the flexibility of the system. Users can easily insert the wrong card slot during use, causing the system to not work properly. Secondly, the operation of adding or removing boards becomes complicated. Users need to be extra careful when adjusting the system configuration to prevent communication problems caused by inserting the wrong card slot. In order to achieve more flexible USB communication functions in multi-slot systems, you can consider using USB HUB chips to achieve one-to-many communication. However, this solution also faces challenges in multi-slot systems (such as 10 or more card slots). The first is the selection of HUB chips. A 1-to-10-port HUB chip is required to cover all card slots. Secondly, in the baseboard design, 10 sets of differential pair signals need to be pulled out and connected to different card slots, which not only increases the difficulty of board layout, but also significantly increases the system cost.

[0003] For example, the Chinese patent with publication number CN111694788A discloses a motherboard circuit and provides the following technical solution. The present invention discloses a motherboard circuit, including a data acquisition module slot, a signal processing module slot, a high-speed shared cache module slot, a CPU mainboard, a power management module, a power supply and a bus; the data acquisition module slot is connected to the signal processing module slot, the high-speed shared cache module slot is connected to the signal processing module slot, the CPU mainboard is connected to the signal processing module slot, the power management module is connected to the data acquisition module slot, the signal processing module slot, the high-speed shared cache module slot, the CPU mainboard and the power supply, and the connections are all connected by the bus; the present invention adopts a high-speed differential serial bus for point-to-point transmission, and each transmission channel has its own bandwidth, which will not affect the performance of the entire system due to the frequency of a certain hardware, and makes full use of advanced point-to-point interconnection, reducing the complexity of the system hardware platform design. However, the above-mentioned motherboard circuit is difficult to realize the insertion of the USB function card in any card slot, and it is impossible to automatically switch channels, which makes it difficult to achieve flexible communication and ensure signal quality, and the wiring is complicated and costly. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention solves the problems in the prior art that it is difficult to insert a USB function card into any card slot, the channel cannot be switched automatically, the communication is inflexible, the signal quality is poor, the wiring is complicated and the cost is high, and proposes a high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-slot backplane, which achieves the purposes of low cost, simple wiring, insertion of function cards into any card slot, automatic switching of channels, flexible communication and good signal quality.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane comprises a backplane, wherein a plurality of card connectors and a plurality of signal switching switch modules are arranged on the backplane, wherein the card connectors are connected with USB differential pairs, and the USB bus of each card connector is equipped with a signal switching switch module for realizing USB channel switching, wherein the first-level card connector among the card connectors only allows a main control card to be inserted, and the remaining card connectors allow any card to be inserted.

[0006] The advantage of this design is that it can realize point-to-point communication at any position in the multi-card slot backplane communication system. Through the channel switching of the USB bus, the USB function card can be inserted into any card slot to realize USB communication without affecting the signal quality, ensuring the normal transmission of data and improving the flexibility and compatibility of the system.

[0007] Preferably, the first-level board connector is connected to the first-level signal switching switch module via USB, and the last-level signal switching switch module is connected to the last board connector via USBA.

[0008] The advantage of this design is that it ensures the connection sequence of the switch modules and connectors of the entire system, thereby achieving effective transmission and switching of USB signals.

[0009] Preferably, among the plurality of signal switching switch modules, the signal switching switch module at an upper level is connected to the signal switching switch module at a lower level via USBA.

[0010] The advantage of this design is that the upper and lower modules are connected through USB A to ensure communication between signal switching modules to support the expansion of multiple card slots.

[0011] Preferably, the signal switching switch module is connected to a board connector with one level greater than that of the signal switching switch module via USB B.

[0012] The USB B connection enables the signal switching module to process signals from different levels of board connectors.

[0013] Preferably, the first-level board connector is a CPU card slot, which only allows the CPU board C101 to be inserted, and the signal distribution of other connectors is unified, allowing boards C102 to C10n to be inserted into any card slot.

[0014] The advantage of this design is that it ensures that the position of the CPU board is fixed, which helps to optimize the stability and performance of the system. At the same time, other boards can be inserted freely, increasing the flexibility and scalability of the system.

[0015] Preferably, among the several board card connectors, pin 14 of the remaining board card connectors except the first-level board card connector is connected to pin 7 of a signal switching switch module with one level smaller than that of the first-level board card connector, pin 16 is connected to pin 6 of a signal switching switch module with one level smaller than that of the first-level board card connector, pin 13 and pin 15 are connected to CAN / LVDS, and pins 3 to 6 are connected to a DC power supply.

[0016] The advantage of this design is that by connecting to specific pins of different level signal switching switch modules, communication and power connection between different boards can be achieved.

[0017] Preferably, the signal switching switch module is internally provided with a 2-to-1 switch and two control pins OE and SEL, OE is connected to pin 17 of a board connector with one higher level than it, SEL is connected to pin 18 of a board connector with one higher level than it, pin 4 of the upper-level signal switching switch module is connected to pin 2 of the lower-level signal switching switch module, and pin 5 of the upper-level signal switching switch module is connected to pin 1 of the lower-level signal switching switch module.

[0018] The advantage of this design is that, through the design inside the signal switching switch module, USB communication can be achieved by inserting the USB function card into any card slot, and the signal quality will not be affected by invalid leads, thus ensuring normal data transmission while reducing wiring complexity and cost.

[0019] Preferably, the control logic of the control pin is: when SEL and OE are both low level, the channel outputs DA; when SEL is high level and OE is low level, the channel outputs DB; when OE is high level, the channel is closed.

[0020] The advantage of this design is that, through control logic, USB communication can be achieved by inserting the USB function card into any card slot. At the same time, the signal quality will not be affected by invalid leads, ensuring normal data transmission and greatly reducing the complexity of wiring and the corresponding cost.

[0021] Preferably, the board connector is also connected to a DC power supply, a GND ground plane and an address line.

[0022] The advantage of this design is that it provides access to the DC power supply, GND ground plane and address line to provide power and basic communication support for the system.

[0023] Preferably, the board connector is also connected to a CAN or LVDS differential pair signal.

[0024] The advantage of this design is that by accessing CAN or LVDS differential pair signals, the functional diversity and compatibility of the system are increased.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.

[0026] 1. The present invention allows USB slave devices to be inserted into any card slot to achieve USB communication, which greatly improves the flexibility of the system and the user's convenience of operation. Users do not need to worry about the limitations of the card slot position, avoid the risk of inserting the wrong card slot, and facilitate the addition, removal and replacement of boards.

[0027] 2. The present invention adopts a high-speed differential signal switching module, avoiding the need to arrange a separate USB bus for each card slot on the bottom board, greatly reducing the complexity of wiring. Compared with the traditional HUB chip solution, this design not only simplifies the system structure, but also effectively reduces the production cost.

[0028] 3. The present invention ensures that the USB signal is transmitted only on the required channel through the intelligent channel switching mechanism, avoiding the interference that may be caused by redundant signal paths, and ensuring the quality of high-speed signals and the reliability of data transmission. This mechanism effectively improves the stability and reliability of the system, making it suitable for demanding industrial control and communication applications.

[0029] 4. The present invention optimizes the automatic control through the automatic channel switching function. Users can complete channel switching without manual intervention, which not only simplifies the operation process, but also improves the automation level of the system and user experience, while reducing the possibility of errors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 The figure is a hardware connection diagram of an embodiment of a high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 The present invention is a circuit connection diagram of M101, J102, M102 and J103 of an embodiment of a high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane.

[0032] Figure 3 The present invention is a board card connector pin connection diagram of an embodiment of a high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane.

[0033] Figure 4 The present invention is a pin connection diagram of a signal switching switch module of an embodiment of a high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present disclosure clearer, the following will further describe the embodiments of the present disclosure in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The proportions of the components are not drawn according to the actual proportions, and the proportions and sizes shown in the accompanying drawings should not limit the substantial technical scheme of the present invention. These embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific embodiments described.

[0035] See also Figures 1 to 4As shown, a high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane includes a backplane, characterized in that a plurality of board card connectors and a plurality of signal switching switch modules are provided on the backplane, the board card connectors are connected with USB differential pairs, the USB bus of each board card connector is equipped with a signal switching switch module for realizing USB channel switching, the first-level board card connector in the board card connector only allows the main control board card to be inserted, and the remaining board card connectors allow any board card to be inserted.

[0036] like Figure 1 In one embodiment shown, Figure 1 The hardware connection diagram of an embodiment of a high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane of the present invention. The present invention designs a high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane, and successfully realizes flexible USB differential pair communication by setting multiple card connectors and signal switching switch modules on the backplane. Each card connector is configured with a USB bus and equipped with a signal switching switch module to realize efficient switching of USB channels.

[0037] In the design concept of the system, the first-layer board connector is designated as a CPU card slot, which only allows the insertion of the main control board C101. This restriction ensures a stable environment for the system's main control device, reduces signal interference and possible erroneous operations. This is an important measure to maintain the overall stability and security of the system.

[0038] In addition, other card connectors are designed to accept any card, such as C102 to C10n cards. This flexibility greatly improves the adaptability and scalability of the system. Users can insert different functional cards as needed to meet different application requirements, avoiding the inconvenience caused by fixed card slots.

[0039] In the signal transmission path, the first-level board connector is connected to the first-level signal switching module via USB, and the last-level signal switching module is connected to the last board connector via USB A. This design ensures effective signal transmission, thereby supporting stable communication between multiple levels.

[0040] Multiple signal switching modules are connected through USB A interfaces, and the connection sequence between the upper module and the lower module forms a complete signal chain. This cascade method not only simplifies the overall wiring, but also enhances the signal transmission efficiency, ensuring that the signal can reach the target location smoothly in multi-card slot applications.

[0041] The signal switching module is connected to the larger board connector via USB B. This design further optimizes the system's connection structure, allowing the signal switching module at each level to accurately control signal distribution and transmission. This clear signal path helps improve the data transmission rate and reliability of the entire system.

[0042] In addition, the board connector is also connected to the DC power supply and GND ground plane and address line, providing a stable power supply and basic communication support for the entire system. This configuration not only ensures the normal operation of the board, but also enhances the overall signal integrity of the system through the use of ground plane and address line.

[0043] The board connector also connects to a CAN or LVDS differential pair signal. This design increases the diversity and compatibility of the system, allowing the system to process not only USB signals but also other types of differential signals. This versatile support allows the system to perform well in different application scenarios.

[0044] In short, this high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-slot backplane combines flexibility, stability and efficiency. It allows users to freely configure the hardware according to their needs and make full use of each slot without affecting performance and signal integrity. This not only solves the limitation problem caused by the fixed slots in traditional systems, but also achieves more efficient communication through carefully designed signal switching modules, bringing new solutions to the field of industrial automation control and communication technology.

[0045] Through this innovative design, users can enjoy a more convenient and flexible system configuration experience while reducing the overall construction and maintenance costs of the system.

[0046] In another embodiment, a point-to-point high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane includes: a backplane including board connectors such as J101, J102, J103...J10n, and M101, M102, M103...M10n high-speed signal switching switch module circuits. The connector is connected to signals including a DC power supply, a GND ground plane, an address line, a USB differential pair, and a CAN or LVDS differential pair. Among them, the J101 card slot is a CPU card slot, and only the CPU board C101 is allowed to be inserted. The signal distribution of the remaining connectors is unified, allowing the C102 to C10n boards to be inserted into any card slot. The USB bus of each card slot is equipped with a high-speed differential signal switching switch M101 to realize USB channel switching. Among them, J101 is fixedly inserted into C101, and the J102-J10n board connector can be inserted into the C102 to C10n boards at will, wherein, Figure 1The order in which the C102 to C10n cards are inserted in the J102-J10n card connector is for illustration only, and can be inserted in any order. M101 is connected to J101 via USB, connected to J102 via USB B, connected to M102 via USB A, and M102 is connected to J103 via USB B, connected to M103 via USB A, and so on until M10n is connected to J10n-1 via USB B, and connected to J10n via USB A.

[0047] The invention designs a point-to-point high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane, which realizes efficient and flexible communication capabilities through careful design. The system comprises a backplane, on which a plurality of card connectors (J101, J102, J103 ... J10n) and corresponding high-speed signal switching switch modules (M101, M102, M103 ... M10n) are installed, and these connectors and modules together construct a stable and efficient communication platform.

[0048] Each connector is connected to a DC power supply, a GND plane, an address line, a USB differential pair, and a CAN or LVDS differential pair. This design not only provides guarantees for the system's power supply and basic communication, but also enhances the system's overall signal integrity and diversity, enabling it to adapt to different signal requirements.

[0049] In the whole system, J101 is designed as a dedicated CPU card slot, which only allows the CPU board C101 to be inserted. The advantage of this is that it ensures the stability and security of the main control equipment and reduces the possibility of potential signal interference and misoperation. Other connectors have a unified signal distribution, allowing boards from C102 to C10n to be inserted in any order. This flexibility greatly improves the adaptability and scalability of the system. Users can freely configure the system according to actual needs without being restricted to a fixed slot distribution.

[0050] The USB bus on each card slot is equipped with a high-speed differential signal switching module (such as M101) to implement USB channel switching. Specifically, M101 is connected to J101 via USB to process signals from the CPU board; at the same time, it is connected to J102 via USB B and connected to the next-level M102 via USB A. This connection method is used to the last level, that is, M10n is connected to J10n-1 via USB B and connected to J10n via USB A.

[0051] This modular signal switching design has multiple benefits. First, it simplifies the system's wiring requirements and ensures effective signal transmission and switching through standardized connections. This provides great convenience for users who need to frequently change or adjust board configurations. Second, the signal switching module can flexibly adjust the connection of signal channels based on the specific board insertion situation. This dynamic configuration capability not only improves the efficiency of signal transmission, but also ensures stable communication with the CPU card when a USB function card is inserted into any card slot.

[0052] In addition, this design can effectively reduce the interference caused by invalid signal paths, ensuring the integrity and reliability of data transmission. For multi-slot backplane systems, this signal switching method represents an efficient and economical solution, minimizing the wiring complexity and signal interference problems common in traditional systems.

[0053] like Figure 2 In one embodiment shown, Figure 2 The circuit connection diagram of M101, J102, M103 and J103 of an embodiment of a high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane of the present invention is shown in FIG. A high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane designed by the present invention realizes efficient and flexible signal transmission and switching through fine design and pin configuration. A plurality of card connectors and signal switching switch modules are arranged on the backplane of the system, each card connector is connected to a USB differential pair, and a signal switching switch module is provided to realize the switching of USB channels.

[0054] In this system, the first-level card connector is specially designed as a CPU card slot, which can only be inserted into the main control card C101. The advantage of this is that it can ensure the stability and security of the main control device and reduce possible signal interference and misoperation risks. Other card connectors have a unified signal distribution, allowing users to insert C102 to C10n cards in any card slot, greatly improving the flexibility and adaptability of the system.

[0055] The connection design of the signal switching module is also very clever. The upper-level signal switching module is connected to the lower-level module through the USB A interface. This cascade method makes the signal transmission of the entire system more efficient and orderly. At the same time, the signal switching module is connected to its subsequent board connector through the USB B interface. This structure optimizes the signal distribution and transmission path.

[0056] In terms of pin connection, except for the first-level board connector, the 14th pin of all other board connectors is connected to the 7th pin of the signal switching module with a level smaller than that, and the 16th pin is connected to the 6th pin of the signal switching module with a level smaller than that. In addition, pins 13 and 15 are used to connect CAN or LVDS differential signals, and pins 3 to 6 are used to connect DC power. This configuration can not only provide a stable power supply for each board, but also support diverse signal requirements, greatly improving flexibility.

[0057] The signal switching module contains a 2-to-1 switch and is designed with two control pins: OE and SEL. OE is connected to pin 17 of the card connector with a higher level than it, and SEL is connected to pin 18. This design ensures that the module can correctly select the channel according to the external signal and achieve accurate signal routing.

[0058] In addition, the 4th pin of the upper signal switching module is connected to the 2nd pin of the lower module, and the 5th pin is connected to the 1st pin of the lower module. This meticulous pin connection structure ensures the signal transmission between modules, which not only improves the speed of data transmission, but also enhances the integrity and reliability of the signal.

[0059] The many benefits of this system design are its flexibility and efficiency. Users can adjust the position of the board as needed without affecting the performance of the overall system. The intelligent control mechanism of the signal switching module enables the system to maintain efficient operation when processing complex signals.

[0060] In short, this high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane achieves efficient and stable signal transmission through innovative pin design and connection solutions, providing users with excellent flexibility and reliability. In the fields of industrial automation, communication technology, etc., the application of this system will significantly improve system performance and lay a solid foundation for the development of future technologies.

[0061] In another embodiment, pin 10 of M101 is connected to pin 1 of resistor R2, pin 2 of resistor R2 is grounded, the package size of resistor R2 is 0603, and the resistance value is 10KΩ; pin 8 of M101 is connected to pin 1 of resistor R1, pin 2 of resistor R1 is grounded, the package size of resistor R1 is 0603, and the resistance value is 10KΩ; pin 1 of M101 is connected to USB+, pin 2 is connected to USB-, pin 3 is grounded, and pin 6 is connected to VCC_USB; pin 5 of M101 is connected to pin 1 of M102 as USBA+, pin 4 of M101 is connected to pin 2 of M102 as USBA-, pin 6 of M101 is connected to pin 16 of J102 as USBB-, and pin 7 of M101 is connected to pin 14 of J102 as USBB+; Pin 1, 2, 7, 8, 19, and 20 of J103 are grounded, pin 5 and pin 3 are connected to DC in parallel, and pin 4 is also connected to DC in parallel with pin 6; pin 9 of J103 is connected to ADDR_D0, pin 10 is connected to ADDR_D2, pin 11 is connected to ADDR_D1, and pin 12 is connected to ADDR_D3; pin 13 of J103 is connected to CAN / LVDS+, and pin 15 is connected to CAN / LVDS-; pin 17 of J103 is connected to OE, and pin 18 is connected to SEL; pin 14 of J103 is connected to pin 7 USB2B+ of M102, and pin 16 is connected to pin 6 USB2B- of M102; the connection from M102 to M10n of the subsequent stage is similar.

[0062] M101 contains a 2-to-1 switch, where the USB signal of J101 is input to pins 1 and 2 of M101; the USB signal pins 14 and 16 of J102 are connected to pins 7 and 6 of M101; and the 14 and 16 pins of J103 are connected to pins 5 and 4 of M101. M101 contains two control pins, OE and SEL, which are connected to pins 17 and 18 of connector J102 respectively. The control logic is as follows: SEL OE Channel Output 0 0 D to DA 1 0 D to DB X 1 closure The default settings of SEL and OE are 0, that is, in the default state, M101 selects the DA channel, that is, pins 5 and 4 output USB signals; pins 7 and 8 have no output. Pins 5 and 4 are connected to pins 1 and 2 of the next level M102, and so on. The USB signal of J101 can communicate with any position from J102 to J10n. When the J102 connector is inserted into the USB function card C102, the USB function card C102 contains a pull-up circuit connected to pin 18 of J102, and the other non-USB function cards do not contain this pull-up circuit. The SEL pin is pulled high by the internal pull-up circuit of C102, and the signal changes from 0 to 1, and the OE signal remains unchanged. At this time, M101 selects the DB channel, that is, pins 7 and 8 of M101 output USB signals, thereby realizing the communication between the CPU board C101 and the USB function card C102, and at the same time disconnecting the invalid signal line of the subsequent stage, thereby ensuring the signal quality of the high-speed signal.

[0063] Similarly, when a USB function card is inserted into J10n-1, and other function cards are inserted into the remaining card slots, the M101 to M10(n-2) modules select the DA channel by default, that is, the CPU card USB signal is connected to J10n-1. This design not only ensures that USB communication can be achieved when the USB function card is inserted into any card slot, but also does not affect the signal quality due to invalid leads, and can ensure normal data transmission.

[0064] The high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane designed by the present invention has multiple advantages. First, the design improves the flexibility and adaptability of the system through a modular signal switching system. M101 contains a 2-to-1 switch inside, which is controlled by the OE and SEL pins. This enables the system to automatically select the signal channel according to the insertion of the USB function card, ensuring unimpeded communication between the main control board and the function card.

[0065] Secondly, this design effectively improves the efficiency and quality of signal transmission. When a USB function card is inserted, the SEL pin is pulled high by the pull-up circuit, thereby switching to the appropriate channel and disconnecting unnecessary signal paths. This automated signal management reduces potential signal interference and improves the integrity of high-speed signals.

[0066] In addition, the design simplifies the configuration and maintenance of the system. Users can insert the USB function card in any card slot without having to re-plan the connection of the entire circuit. This not only reduces the complexity of operation, but also reduces the risk of errors in configuration, making system maintenance more efficient.

[0067] In general, this intelligent signal switching design ensures signal quality and transmission efficiency by automatically adjusting channels, providing users with a flexible and reliable solution suitable for various application scenarios.

[0068] like Figure 3 In one embodiment shown, Figure 3 This is a board connector pin connection diagram of an embodiment of a high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane of the present invention. In a high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane designed by the present invention, the specific connection method of the J102 interface is as follows: Pins 1, 2, 7, 8, 19, and 20 are all grounded to ensure the stability and anti-interference ability of the circuit. Pins 3 and 5 are connected in parallel to direct current (DC), and similarly, pins 4 and 6 are also connected in parallel to DC to provide reliable power distribution. Pin 9 is connected to the address signal ADDR_D0, pin 10 is connected to ADDR_D2, pin 11 is connected to ADDR_D1, and pin 12 is connected to ADDR_D3. These connections are used to determine the address of the device or configure its function. Pin 13 is connected to CAN / LVDS+, and pin 15 is connected to CAN / LVDS- for high-speed data transmission or control signals. These connection methods ensure that the device can communicate effectively with other components.

[0069] Pin 17 is connected to the control pin OE, and pin 18 is connected to SEL. These two pins are used to select the signal channel. In this design, pin 14 is connected to the 7-pin USBB+ of M101, and pin 16 is connected to the 6-pin USBB- of M101, completing the transmission path of the USB signal. This connection configuration ensures that the device can automatically switch the appropriate signal channel according to the insertion of the function card, realizing flexible signal management.

[0070] The benefit of this design is first reflected in its flexibility. Through reasonable pin configuration, the system can automatically adjust the signal routing according to different needs, so that the device can adapt to different application scenarios without rewiring. This flexibility is essential for rapid configuration and debugging in modern complex systems.

[0071] Secondly, the design of grounding and power connection enhances the stability and reliability of the system. The parallel connection of multi-pin grounding and DC power supply provides better current distribution and anti-electromagnetic interference capability. This design ensures the stability and integrity of signal transmission in complex electromagnetic environments and improves the overall performance of the system.

[0072] In addition, through the high-speed data transmission capability of the CAN / LVDS interface, the system can support application scenarios with high bandwidth requirements. These interfaces provide an efficient data transmission path and are suitable for applications that require fast response and high data volume transmission, such as automation control and real-time communication systems.

[0073] The design of the control pins OE and SEL allows the system to intelligently switch between different signal paths. This automated signal management reduces the need for manual intervention and improves the efficiency and reliability of system operation.

[0074] like Figure 4 In one embodiment shown, Figure 4 This is a pin connection diagram of a signal switching switch module of an embodiment of a high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane of the present invention. In the high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane designed by the present invention, the circuit connection structure of M102 is as follows: Pin 10 of M102 is connected to pin 1 of resistor R4, and pin 2 of resistor R4 is grounded. R4 has a 0603 package size and a 10KΩ resistance. Similarly, pin 8 of M102 is connected to pin 1 of resistor R3, and pin 2 of resistor R3 is grounded. R3 also has a 0603 package size and a 10KΩ resistance. This configuration is used to pull up the signal, ensuring that the signal line is in a known state when not driven, preventing it from floating.

[0075] Pin 1 of M102 is connected to USBA+ of pin 5 of M101, and pin 2 is connected to USBA- of pin 4 of M101 to realize the transmission of USB signals. Pin 3 is grounded, and pin 6 is connected to VCC_USB to provide the necessary power for the USB module.

[0076] Furthermore, pin 5 of M102 is connected to pin 1 of M103 as USB2A+, and pin 4 is connected to pin 2 of M103 as USB2A-, to ensure the correct connection of the data line. Pin 6 of M102 is connected to pin 16 of J103 as USB2B-, and pin 7 is connected to pin 14 of J103 as USB2B+.

[0077] M102 contains a 2-to-1 switch, through which the D+ signal can be connected to DA+ or DB+, and the D- signal can be connected to DA- or DB-. The control logic of this switch is the same as that of M101, ensuring effective switching of signal channels.

[0078] This design provides multiple benefits. First, the use of resistors R3 and R4 effectively stabilizes the state of the signal line. By pulling the signal line to a known voltage level, they prevent potential signal floating and false triggering, improving the reliability and stability of the system.

[0079] Secondly, the connection between M102, M101 and M103 ensures efficient transmission of USB signals. This clear signal path planning reduces signal interference and loss, ensuring the speed and accuracy of USB communication.

[0080] In addition, the design of M102 allows flexible selection of signal paths through an internal 2-to-1 switch. This design greatly improves the flexibility of the system, allowing the device to dynamically adjust the data transmission path according to different application requirements and optimize the utilization of system resources.

[0081] Through this intelligent signal management, the system can automatically adjust signal routing between different operating modes or device configurations, reducing the need for manual intervention. This not only improves the system's operational efficiency, but also simplifies maintenance and configuration processes.

[0082] In general, the design of M102 provides an efficient and reliable solution by optimizing signal management, enhancing system stability and providing flexible signal path selection. It is not only suitable for diverse application scenarios, but also convenient for system expansion and upgrade.

[0083] In another embodiment, in a modern intelligent manufacturing workshop, various types of production equipment need to frequently exchange data and transmit control signals. For example, in an automobile parts manufacturer, multiple PLC controllers are deployed on their assembly line to monitor and precisely control key equipment such as welding machines, grinders, and assembly machines in real time.

[0084] In this complex automation system, the M102 module plays a key role in signal switching and path management. Taking the welding process as an example, the welding machine equipment may need to receive control instructions from multiple PLCs, such as welding current, welding time and other parameters. The built-in 2-to-1 switch circuit of the M102 can flexibly switch between these different PLC signal sources to ensure that the welding machine equipment can always receive the correct control command.

[0085] More importantly, the switch mechanism of M102 is highly coordinated with the upper monitoring system. The production line manager only needs to send instructions through the central control software, and the switch inside M102 will automatically switch to the corresponding signal path. This seamless design not only improves operational efficiency, but also reduces the risk of manual intervention.

[0086] At the same time, the M102 module also uses a reliable signal line status stabilization mechanism. By adding pull-up resistors to key signal lines, signal interference and misoperation caused by line floating are effectively avoided. This not only improves the stability of the system, but also lays a solid foundation for the continuous and efficient operation of the production line.

[0087] The M102 module also plays a key role. Taking the subway operation in a certain city as an example, each train compartment is equipped with multiple sets of monitoring equipment, such as video surveillance cameras, passenger alarm buttons, etc., and the collected signals need to be transmitted back to the central control room for unified management.

[0088] This complex train information collection network cannot be separated from the support of the M102 module. There will be multiple video signals to be transmitted in the train compartment, and the built-in 2-to-1 switch circuit of M102 can flexibly switch and select these signal channels. For example, in some sections, M102 can choose to transmit the video signal of camera 1 to channel A, and in other areas, switch to the signal of camera 2 and send it through channel B. This dynamic signal path management ensures that the entire monitoring network can still maintain a high degree of stability in a complex operating environment.

[0089] At the same time, the control logic of the switch circuit inside the M102 module is also highly coordinated with the train's onboard computer. No matter how the signal channel is switched inside the M102, the train control system can accurately identify and process data from various signal sources to ensure the integrity and reliability of monitoring information.

[0090] It is also worth mentioning that the signal line state stabilization design adopted by the M102 module also plays an important role in the field of rail transportation. Considering the complexity of the train operating environment, the signal line is very susceptible to various electromagnetic interference and mechanical vibration. The M102 fixes the key signal line at a stable voltage level by means of pull-up resistors, effectively avoiding monitoring distortion or interruption caused by line floating.

[0091] From the pin connection of the M102 module, its pin 10 is connected to the pin 1 of the resistor R4, and the pin 2 of R4 is grounded. Similarly, the pin 8 of M102 is connected to the pin 1 of the resistor R3, and the pin 2 of R3 is also grounded. These two 10KΩ pull-up resistors play a vital role.

[0092] By connecting the key signal lines of M102, such as D+, D-, etc., to R3 and R4 respectively, these lines can be pulled up to a stable supply voltage level. This simple and ingenious circuit design can effectively avoid the problem of signal lines floating when not driven.

[0093] It is worth mentioning that R3 and R4 use 0603 package specifications, which are compact and have low power consumption. This design method that takes into account both space utilization and energy consumption performance further improves the integration of the M102 module and the system energy efficiency.

[0094] This signal line state stabilization mechanism is a strong support provided by the M102 module for the reliability and stability of the entire system on the basis of realizing flexible signal switching. Specifically, even if some signal lines are temporarily not driven, they can remain in a certain logic state and will not experience unpredictable level changes due to floating. This not only greatly reduces the risk of system failure, but also lays a solid foundation for the continuous and stable operation of key application scenarios.

[0095] At the same time, the control logic of the switch circuit inside M102 is highly coordinated with the upper control system. In other words, the switching state of the switch inside M102 will change synchronously in real time with the instructions issued by the upper system. This seamless docking design ensures that the entire signal transmission path remains consistent during the switching process, avoiding the problem of signal mutation or interruption.

[0096] For application scenarios that require frequent switching of signal sources, the intelligent management method of the M102 module undoubtedly greatly improves the operating efficiency of the system and greatly simplifies maintenance and configuration. Users do not need to check the switch status of each module one by one, but only need to send instructions through the host computer software, and the M102 will automatically complete the corresponding signal channel switching.

[0097] This M102 module pin connection method fully reflects the technical innovation and engineering practice of the present invention in the field of industrial automation. Through the ingenious application of pull-up resistors, stable control of the signal line state is achieved.

[0098] In another embodiment, in the field of intelligent manufacturing equipment, this flexible and multifunctional backplane system can exert excellent performance. Take an automobile zero component manufacturer as an example. Their assembly production line is deployed with various types of control equipment, such as PLC controllers, motion control cards, field bus modules, etc., which need to exchange data and transmit control instructions through a high-speed and stable communication bus.

[0099] Each card connector is equipped with a USB bus and a corresponding signal switching module, which can flexibly connect various control devices. The integrator of the production line only needs to insert the cards with different functions into the corresponding card slots, and the system can automatically complete the signal distribution and switching to ensure high-speed communication between various devices.

[0100] For example, in the welding process unit, the backplane system can be connected to the welding machine control card, visual inspection card, motion control card, etc. The welding machine control card is responsible for sending accurate parameter instructions such as welding current and welding time to the welding equipment; the visual inspection welding card monitors the welding quality in real time and feeds back the inspection data to the upper control system; and the motion control card accurately controls the position and movement trajectory of the welding gun. These functional modules are interconnected at high speed through the USB bus on the backplane system, ensuring the intelligent control of the welding process.

[0101] It is worth mentioning that the main control board C101 of this system is allocated separately in the first layer of card slots. This design ensures that the core control unit can obtain a stable working environment and is free from external signal interference. At the same time, other functional boards can also be freely combined and inserted into the remaining card slots to meet the needs of different production processes for I / O interfaces, motion control, etc.

[0102] This flexible hardware configuration method greatly improves the adaptability of the system. Manufacturers do not need to be restricted by a specific slot layout. They only need to select the appropriate functional board according to the actual situation to build a customized automation solution. For example, for parts production lines of different models, companies only need to select different functional boards according to the differences in process flow to easily complete the rapid switching and transformation of production lines. This not only reduces the difficulty of system integration, but also greatly shortens the development cycle.

[0103] In terms of signal transmission, the multi-stage serial USB signal switching module ensures high-speed and stable data transmission throughout the production line. Even in scenarios where multiple control devices are working at the same time, the system can ensure efficient collaboration between devices with precise signal path management. For example, in the welding unit, the welding machine control card needs to receive welding parameter instructions from the PLC in real time, and at the same time feed back welding quality data to the visual inspection card. These key signals can be quickly and reliably transmitted through the intelligent switching of the backplane system. This not only improves the overall operating efficiency of the production line, but also minimizes the risk of production interruptions caused by communication failures.

[0104] In addition, the backplane system also supports CAN bus and LVDS differential signals, further expanding the scope of application. This enables it to adapt to more complex automation equipment, such as equipment that integrates multiple communication interfaces such as industrial Ethernet and fieldbus. For example, on a general assembly line, in addition to PLC and motion control equipment, there are also fixture control modules and LVDS vision systems based on CAN bus, which can be interconnected at high speed through the backplane system. This powerful compatibility greatly facilitates manufacturers' work in system integration and application migration.

[0105] In addition to the field of intelligent manufacturing equipment, this high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-slot backplane is also very useful in other industrial automation scenarios. For example, in the rail transit monitoring system, the train carriages are equipped with multiple video surveillance cameras, and the collected video signals need to be transmitted back to the central control room for unified management. This complex train information collection network cannot be separated from the support of this system.

[0106] By connecting the train's onboard computer to the various board interfaces on the backplane and using the built-in signal switching module, it is possible to flexibly switch and select different camera signals. No matter which section the train travels to, it can ensure that the video surveillance data can be stably and continuously transmitted back to the control center, providing reliable protection for passengers' driving safety. At the same time, the system also supports other types of monitoring signal access such as CAN bus and LVDS, further enhancing the adaptability of rail transit application scenarios.

[0107] In another embodiment, the smart grid substation is a key hub of the power system, responsible for voltage boosting and power transmission. In order to ensure the stable operation of the substation, a large number of intelligent monitoring devices need to be deployed, such as transformer monitoring modules, feeder protection devices, power quality analyzers, etc. These devices need to exchange data and transmit control instructions through a high-speed and reliable communication network.

[0108] The multi-card slot backplane system designed by the present invention can meet the communication requirements of the substation automation system very well. The backplane integrates multiple card connectors (J101, J102, J103...J10n) and corresponding high-speed signal switching modules (M101, M102, M103...M10n), providing a flexible interface for various monitoring devices.

[0109] Taking a typical 110kV substation as an example, the main components of its automation system include: Station control PLC (C101): responsible for the comprehensive monitoring and control of the entire substation, it is the core equipment of the system. It is fixedly plugged into the J101 card slot to ensure the stability of the working environment of the main control equipment.

[0110] Transformer temperature and oil level monitoring module (C102): collects key parameters of the transformer in real time and transmits the data to the upper PLC for analysis.

[0111] Feeder protection device (C103): monitors electrical quantities such as feeder current, voltage, and power factor, and can quickly disconnect the feeder when an abnormal situation is detected.

[0112] Power quality analyzer (C104): Analyzes and measures the voltage, current, harmonics, etc. of the power grid entering / exiting the substation, providing a decision-making basis for power grid dispatching.

[0113] Isolating switch status monitoring module (C105): monitors the opening and closing status of the circuit breaker or isolating switch in real time to provide a basis for accident diagnosis.

[0114] Temperature measurement and monitoring units (C106~C10n): Distributedly deployed around key equipment such as transformers to collect temperature data.

[0115] These monitoring devices are interconnected through the multi-card slot backplane system of the present invention, each device corresponds to a card connector, and the corresponding signal switching module is responsible for the distribution and switching of its USB bus signal.

[0116] For example, the station control PLC C101 is connected to the J101 card slot and communicates with other devices via USB through the M101 module. The transformer monitoring module C102 is plugged into the J102 card slot and transmits key data such as temperature and oil level between the M102 module and C101. Similarly, other devices such as C103, C104, C105, C106...C10n are also plugged into the J103, J104, J105, J106...J10n card slots respectively to maintain high-speed and stable communication with the station control PLC.

[0117] This flexible hardware configuration method greatly improves the adaptability of the system. Whether it is building a new substation or upgrading the existing station control system, managers only need to freely insert the corresponding monitoring equipment into each slot according to specific needs to quickly build a customized automation solution. This not only shortens the system integration cycle, but also avoids many restrictions caused by the fixed slot layout.

[0118] In terms of signal transmission, the hierarchical USB switching mechanism of this system plays an important role. Each signal switching module realizes point-to-point high-speed interconnection through the USB interface, and the upper-level module and the lower-level module form a complete transmission channel. Taking the above-mentioned 110kV substation as an example, M101 is first connected to the station control PLC C101 through the USB interface, and then connected to the M102 module through the USB B port. M102 is cascaded to M103 through the USB A port... until the last level M10n is connected to the terminal device C10n.

[0119] This cascade structure not only simplifies the overall wiring, but also ensures efficient and stable data transmission between monitoring devices. Even in complex scenarios where multiple devices are interacting with each other at the same time, the backplane system can ensure efficient collaboration between devices with precise signal path management. This not only improves the overall operating efficiency of the substation automation system, but also minimizes the risk of major accidents caused by communication failures.

[0120] In addition to high-speed USB differential signals, the system also supports the access of CAN bus and LVDS differential signals, further expanding the scope of application. For example, in addition to monitoring equipment that requires USB bus connection, substations will also deploy intelligent circuit breakers based on CAN bus, high-definition video monitoring equipment with LVDS interface, etc. These different types of communication equipment can be interconnected at high speed through this backplane system and seamlessly integrated into the substation automation network. This powerful compatibility greatly facilitates the work of system integrators in equipment selection and system upgrades.

[0121] Each board connector is not only equipped with a USB bus, but also introduces key signals such as DC power supply, GND ground plane, and address line. This not only ensures the normal operation of various monitoring devices, but also enhances the signal integrity of the entire system through the use of ground plane and address line.

[0122] In another embodiment, in the smart grid substation automation application scenario, each board connector (J101, J102, J103...J10n) integrates a rich set of interface signals, including DC power supply, GND ground plane, address line, and one USB differential pair and one CAN or LVDS differential pair. This comprehensive interface design not only provides a guarantee for the power supply and basic communication of the system, but also greatly enhances the overall signal integrity and diversity.

[0123] Taking the 110kV substation automation system as an example, the backplane system can perfectly meet the access requirements of various monitoring equipment.

[0124] As the core control device of the entire substation automation system, the station control PLC (C101) is fixedly plugged into the J101 card slot. The J101 connector not only provides a stable DC power supply and ground plane, but also has key signal interfaces such as USB differential pairs and CAN differential pairs. This ensures that the station control PLC can obtain an ideal working environment and is free from external signal interference, while also providing a basis for its high-speed interconnection with other monitoring equipment.

[0125] As for other monitoring devices, such as transformer temperature monitoring module (C102), feeder protection device (C103), power quality analyzer (C104), etc., they are plugged into other card slots such as J102, J103, and J104. Each card slot connector has the same interface signals, including DC power supply, GND ground plane, address line, USB differential pair, and CAN / LVDS differential pair.

[0126] This unified interface design greatly simplifies the complexity of system integration. Whether it is new construction or renovation, managers only need to plug monitoring devices with different functions into the corresponding card slots according to actual needs to quickly complete the construction of the entire system.

[0127] In the multi-card slot backplane system of the present invention, the J101 connector is specially designed as a CPU card slot, which only allows the main control CPU board C101 to be inserted. The advantage of this design is that it ensures that the core equipment of the system can obtain a stable and safe working environment, reducing potential signal interference and misoperation risks.

[0128] As the core control device of the entire substation automation system, the station control PLC C101 needs to be reliably fixed on the J101 card slot. The J101 connector not only provides a stable power supply and ground plane, but is also equipped with a dedicated USB differential pair and CAN differential pair to ensure that the station control PLC can communicate with other monitoring equipment at high speed and reliably. In this way, the station control PLC can obtain the best working conditions in both software programming and hardware layout, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the entire substation automation system.

[0129] As for other monitoring devices, such as transformer temperature monitoring module (C102), feeder protection device (C103), power quality analyzer (C104), etc., they can be plugged into other standard card slots such as J102, J103, J104, etc. The signal distribution of these connectors is unified, including DC power supply, GND ground plane, address line, USB differential pair and CAN / LVDS differential pair.

[0130] Whether building a new substation or upgrading an existing system, managers can freely insert the required monitoring equipment into each card slot according to actual needs. Functional boards from C102 to C10n can be inserted into the corresponding connectors in any order without being restricted by fixed slots. This flexible hardware configuration method improves the adaptability and scalability of the system.

[0131] In another embodiment, in a smart grid substation automation system, each board connector not only provides a rich power supply and basic communication interface, but also integrates a high-speed differential signal switching module to provide support for high-speed interconnection between internal devices of the system.

[0132] Taking the 110kV substation automation system as an example, the backplane system can flexibly meet the access requirements of various monitoring devices. The station control PLC (C101), as the core control device of the system, is fixedly plugged into the J101 dedicated CPU card slot. J101 not only provides a stable power supply and ground plane, but is also equipped with USB differential pairs and CAN differential pairs to ensure that the station control PLC can communicate with other devices at high speed and reliably. For other monitoring devices such as transformer temperature monitoring module (C102), feeder protection device (C103), power quality analyzer (C104), they are plugged into standard card slots such as J102, J103, and J104. These connectors have a unified interface distribution, including DC power supply, GND ground plane, address line, USB differential pair, and CAN / LVDS differential pair.

[0133] In terms of signal transmission, the present invention integrates a high-speed differential signal switching switch module on each board connector, which is responsible for realizing the distribution and switching of USB bus signals. Taking the M101 module as an example, it is connected to the J101 CPU card slot through a USB interface to process the USB signal from the station control PLC C101; at the same time, M101 is also connected to the J102 card slot through a USB B interface to provide a USB communication channel for the monitoring device C102 inserted here. The USB A interface of M101 is connected to the M102 module of the next level, forming a complete USB transmission channel. This cascade signal switching scheme continues to the last level of the system, ensuring high-speed and reliable data transmission between various monitoring devices.

[0134] Compared with traditional hub or switch solutions, this sophisticated cascade USB switching mechanism can not only better resist electromagnetic interference and ensure signal integrity and reliability, but also greatly simplify the overall wiring structure. Even in complex scenarios where multiple devices are interacting with each other at the same time, the backplane system can ensure efficient collaboration between devices with its excellent signal path management. This not only improves the overall operating efficiency of the substation automation system, but also minimizes the risk of major accidents caused by communication failures.

[0135] In addition, the backplane system also supports the access of CAN bus and LVDS differential signals, further expanding the scope of application. For example, in addition to the monitoring equipment that needs to be connected to the USB bus, the substation will also deploy intelligent circuit breakers based on the CAN bus and high-definition video monitoring equipment with LVDS interface. These different types of communication equipment can be interconnected at high speed through this backplane system and seamlessly integrated into the substation automation network.

[0136] On the other hand, the rich interface signals also provide comprehensive support for the power supply and basic communication of the system. Each board connector is not only equipped with USB bus, CAN bus and LVDS differential pair, but also introduces key signals such as DC power supply, GND ground plane and address line. This not only ensures the normal operation of various monitoring equipment, but also enhances the signal integrity and anti-interference ability of the entire system through the use of ground plane and address line.

[0137] It is worth mentioning that J101, as a dedicated CPU card slot, only allows the insertion of the master PLC C101, which ensures a stable working environment for the core components of the system and reduces potential signal interference and misoperation risks. Other standard card slots have a unified interface distribution, and monitoring devices from C102 to C10n can be plugged in any order, greatly improving the adaptability and scalability of the system.

[0138] In another embodiment, in the field of industrial automation, taking the manufacturing automation production line as an example, the backplane system can provide comprehensive power supply and communication support for various monitoring devices on the production line.

[0139] Each board connector integrates DC power supply, GND ground plane, address line, and rich signal interfaces such as USB differential pair, CAN differential pair and LVDS differential pair. This not only meets the basic power supply needs of production line equipment, but also provides a high-speed and reliable data transmission channel for key links such as monitoring and quality inspection.

[0140] At the same time, the backplane system also uses a cascaded USB channel switching mechanism. Take the M101 module as an example. It is connected to the J101 CPU card slot through the USB interface to process the USB signal from the production line controller; at the same time, the M101 is also connected to the J102 card slot through the USB B interface to provide a USB communication channel for the production status display screen installed here. The USB A interface of the M101 is connected to the M102 module at the next level, forming a complete USB transmission channel.

[0141] This cascade signal switching solution continues to the last level of the system, ensuring high-speed and reliable data transmission between monitoring devices. Compared with traditional hub or switch solutions, this USB switching mechanism can better resist electromagnetic interference and ensure signal integrity.

[0142] In addition, the backplane system also supports the access of CAN bus and LVDS differential signals, providing good interconnection support for field bus devices and video surveillance equipment on the production line. For example, production robot controllers usually use CAN bus for field communication, while quality inspection equipment is equipped with LVDS interface for high-definition video transmission. These different types of equipment can be integrated at high speed through this backplane system and seamlessly integrated into the production line automation network.

[0143] In terms of signal integrity, the backplane system has also adopted an optimized design. Taking the J103 card slot as an example, its 1, 2, 7, 8, 19, and 20 pins are directly grounded, and the 5th and 3rd pins, and the 4th and 6th pins are connected in parallel to the DC power supply, which is conducive to improving signal quality and enhancing anti-interference capabilities. At the same time, the 9th to 12th pins of J103 adopt an address line design, which can achieve accurate addressing and identification of monitoring equipment.

[0144] In addition, a 2-to-1 USB signal switch is integrated inside M101. It can automatically switch the output channel according to the status of the inserted USB function card C102, thereby realizing high-speed communication between the CPU board C101 and the USB function card C102, while avoiding interference from invalid signal lines. This intelligent signal switching mechanism guarantees the anti-interference and stability of the system to a certain extent.

[0145] In another embodiment, in the field of medical equipment, taking the monitoring equipment on a hospital ambulance as an example, the backplane system can provide interface support and communication guarantee for various key equipment such as vital signs detectors and infusion pumps.

[0146] Medical equipment on emergency vehicles usually needs to achieve high-speed and reliable data interaction to ensure real-time monitoring and timely treatment of critically ill patients. The multi-card slot backplane system of the present invention can perfectly meet such application requirements with its rich hardware interfaces and intelligent communication mechanism.

[0147] The integrated DC power supply, GND ground plane, address line, and rich interfaces such as USB differential pair, CAN differential pair, and LVDS differential pair on each board connector can fully support the power supply and communication needs of various monitoring equipment on the emergency vehicle. Among them, the support of USB bus and CAN bus can provide high-speed and reliable data transmission channels for key links such as vital sign detection and infusion monitoring.

[0148] At the same time, the cascaded USB channel switching mechanism used in the backplane system can also achieve high-speed interconnection between monitoring devices on the emergency vehicle. Taking the M102 module as an example, its pins 1 and 2 are connected to the 5-pin USBA+ and 4-pin USBA- of M101 respectively, realizing the cascade transmission of USB signals. The 5-pin and 4-pin of M102 are used as USB2A+ and USB2A-, and are connected to the lower-level M103 module to form a complete USB transmission channel.

[0149] This distributed signal switching solution can not only better resist electromagnetic interference and ensure the integrity of key signals, but also greatly simplify the overall wiring structure. Even in complex scenarios where multiple monitoring devices are interacting with each other at the same time, the backplane system can ensure efficient collaboration between devices with its excellent signal path management.

[0150] In addition, the backplane system also supports the access of CAN bus and LVDS differential signals, providing good interconnection support for field bus equipment and image monitoring systems on emergency vehicles. For example, vital sign detectors usually use CAN bus for real-time data transmission, while emergency imaging equipment is equipped with LVDS interface for high-definition video transmission. These different types of equipment can be integrated at high speed through this backplane system and seamlessly integrated into the medical information network of the entire vehicle.

[0151] In terms of signal integrity, the backplane system also adopts a series of optimized designs. Taking the J103 card slot as an example, its key pins are directly grounded or powered in parallel, which is conducive to improving signal quality and enhancing anti-interference capabilities. At the same time, the address line design of J103 can achieve accurate addressing and identification of monitoring equipment, further enhancing the signal integrity of the system.

[0152] In addition, the 2-to-1 USB signal switch integrated in the M102 can automatically switch the output channel according to the status of the inserted functional module to ensure high-speed communication between key devices. This intelligent signal switching mechanism greatly improves the anti-interference and stability of the system, providing reliable support for life-saving equipment on emergency vehicles.

[0153] In another embodiment, in the field of rail transit, taking the monitoring system inside a high-speed train as an example, the backplane system can provide solid interface support and communication guarantee for various monitoring devices.

[0154] High-speed trains have put forward higher requirements for the data interaction of internal monitoring equipment. The multi-card slot backplane system of the present invention can meet the requirements of such application scenarios by providing rich hardware interfaces and intelligent communication mechanisms.

[0155] Each board connector integrates power, address line, USB, CAN and LVDS interfaces, which can fully support the power supply and communication needs of the monitoring equipment in the train. Among them, the support of USB bus and CAN bus provides a high-speed and reliable transmission channel for key links such as train door screen monitoring and passenger information display.

[0156] At the same time, the cascaded USB switching mechanism used in the backplane system can also achieve high-speed interconnection between monitoring devices in the train. This distributed signal switching solution can not only resist electromagnetic interference and ensure the integrity of key signals, but also greatly simplify the overall wiring structure.

[0157] In addition, the backplane system also supports the access of CAN bus and LVDS differential signals, providing good interconnection support for field bus devices and video monitoring systems in the train. These different types of equipment can be integrated at high speed through this backplane system and seamlessly integrated into the comprehensive monitoring network of the entire vehicle.

[0158] In terms of signal integrity, the backplane system has adopted a series of optimized designs. The key pins of the J103 card slot are all grounded or powered in parallel to improve signal quality and enhance anti-interference capabilities. In addition, the 2-to-1 USB signal switching switch integrated in the M102 can also automatically switch the output channel according to the module status to ensure high-speed communication between key devices.

[0159] In another embodiment, as an important equipment in modern manufacturing, the main control system of CNC machine tools has strict requirements for high-speed and reliable data interaction. The backplane system of the present invention can meet the needs of such application scenarios by providing rich hardware interfaces and intelligent communication mechanisms.

[0160] The power supply, address line, USB, CAN and LVDS interfaces integrated on each board connector can fully support the power supply and communication requirements of various sub-modules of the machine tool control system. Among them, the support of USB bus and CAN bus provides a high-speed and reliable data transmission channel for the main control CPU board and key components such as servo drives and I / O modules.

[0161] At the same time, the cascaded USB switching mechanism used in the backplane system can also achieve high-speed interconnection between devices within the main control system. This distributed signal switching solution can not only resist electromagnetic interference and ensure the integrity of key signals, but also greatly simplify the overall wiring structure.

[0162] In addition, the backplane system supports CAN bus and LVDS differential signals, providing good interconnection support for fieldbus devices and visual inspection systems inside the machine tool. These different types of devices can be integrated at high speed through this backplane system and seamlessly integrated into the control network of the entire machine.

[0163] In terms of signal integrity, the backplane system adopts a series of optimized designs. The grounding and parallel power supply of key pins are conducive to improving signal quality and enhancing anti-interference capabilities. The 2-to-1 USB switch integrated inside the M102 can also automatically switch the output channel according to the module status to ensure high-speed communication between key devices.

[0164] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. No matter any changes are made in the shape or material composition, any structural design provided by the present invention is a variation of the present invention and should be considered to be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane, comprising a backplane, characterized in that: The backplane is provided with a plurality of board connectors and a plurality of signal switching switch modules, wherein the board connectors are connected with USB differential pairs, and the USB bus of each board connector is equipped with a signal switching switch module for realizing USB channel switching. The first-level board connector among the board connectors only allows the main control board to be inserted, and the remaining board connectors allow any board to be inserted.

2. A high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first-level board connector is connected to the first-level signal switching switch module via USB, and the last-level signal switching switch module is connected to the last board connector via USBA.

3. A high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Among the plurality of signal switching switch modules, the signal switching switch module at the upper level is connected to the signal switching switch module at the lower level via USB A.

4. The high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane according to claim 3, characterized in that: The signal switching switch module is connected to a board connector with a level one greater than that of the signal switching switch module via USB B.

5. The high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first-level board connector is a CPU card slot, which only allows CPU board C101 to be inserted. The signal distribution of other connectors is unified, allowing boards C102 to C10n to be inserted into any card slot.

6. A high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: Among the several board card connectors, pin 14 of the remaining board card connectors except the first-level board card connector is connected to pin 7 of a signal switching switch module with one level smaller than that of the first-level board card connector, pin 16 is connected to pin 6 of a signal switching switch module with one level smaller than that of the first-level board card connector, pin 13 and pin 15 are connected to CAN / LVDS, and pins 3 to 6 are connected to a DC power supply.

7. The high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane according to claim 6, characterized in that: The signal switching switch module is internally provided with a 2-to-1 switch and two control pins OE and SEL. OE is connected to pin 17 of a board connector with one level higher than it, SEL is connected to pin 18 of a board connector with one level higher than it, pin 4 of the upper-level signal switching switch module is connected to pin 2 of the lower-level signal switching switch module, and pin 5 of the upper-level signal switching switch module is connected to pin 1 of the lower-level signal switching switch module.

8. The high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane according to claim 7, characterized in that: The control logic of the control pin is: when SEL and OE are both low level, the channel outputs DA; when SEL is high level and OE is low level, the channel outputs DB; when OE is high level, the channel is closed.

9. The high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane according to claim 8, characterized in that: The board connector also accesses the DC power supply and GND ground plane as well as the address lines.

10. The high-speed differential bus switching system based on a multi-card slot backplane according to claim 9, characterized in that: The board connector also receives a CAN or LVDS differential pair signal.

Images