An intelligent communication and control system and control method for a distributed photovoltaic power grid

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power grid communication and control technology, and discloses an intelligent communication and control system and control method for a distributed photovoltaic power grid. The system and method collect inverter data through a photovoltaic inverter module and calculate inverter-related values. The substation intelligent fusion terminal obtains the substation grid status data, calculates the substation voltage-power sensitivity, and analyzes the overall grid status and the status of each inverter. The communication protocol module calculates the communication delay and data packet loss rate to ensure the security and efficiency of data interaction. The grid monitoring module calculates grid anomaly indicators and provides the monitoring results to the optimization control module. The optimization control module obtains data from the inverter and grid monitoring module from the substation intelligent fusion terminal, uses the voltage-power sensitivity analysis method to form an optimized control strategy, determines the reactive power regulation method, and returns the optimized control instructions to the substation intelligent fusion terminal, which then forwards the instructions to the inverter device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power grid communication and control technology, and in particular to an intelligent communication and control system and a control method for a distributed photovoltaic power grid. Background Art

[0002] A photovoltaic grid refers to a system that uses photovoltaic power generation technology to convert solar energy into electrical energy and connect it to the power grid. The system consists of solar panels, inverters, distribution equipment, monitoring systems, and communication facilities. Photovoltaic grids can be divided into two types: centralized and distributed. Centralized photovoltaic power stations are generally large in scale and mainly consist of large photovoltaic cell modules. They are usually located in areas far away from the load center, while distributed photovoltaic systems are usually installed on the top of user buildings and can generate electricity on site. The main advantages of photovoltaic grids are their renewability, environmental friendliness, and sustainability. They can not only reduce dependence on traditional fossil fuels, but also reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which is in line with the goals of global green development and sustainable development.

[0003] Existing technologies are unable to dynamically adjust the power output of photovoltaic inverters according to the grid status in real time and can only rely on regularly updated control instructions, which have slow response speed and poor flexibility. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (1) Technical problems solved

[0005] In response to the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an intelligent communication and control system and control method for a distributed photovoltaic power grid, which is responsible for converting direct current into alternating current through a photovoltaic inverter module, providing reactive power regulation, collecting inverter data, calculating the inverter output power Nbgl, power factor Gldz, DC voltage Zldy and AC voltage Jldy, and sending the above data to the substation intelligent fusion terminal through a communication protocol. The substation intelligent fusion terminal collects data from all photovoltaic inverters and conducts summary analysis. At the same time, it interfaces with the grid monitoring module to obtain the grid status data of the entire substation, calculates the substation voltage-power sensitivity Tqlm, analyzes the overall grid status and the status of each inverter, determines whether adjustment is needed, and issues control instructions to each inverter to adjust power output and reactive power. The communication protocol module defines and implements safe and fast communication The protocol calculates the communication delay Txyc and the packet loss rate Sjdb to ensure the security and efficiency of data interaction and report communication faults in a timely manner. The power grid monitoring module continuously monitors various parameters of the power grid, calculates the power grid anomaly index Dwyb, promptly identifies anomalies in the power grid, and provides the monitoring results to the optimization control module for decision analysis. The optimization control module obtains data from each inverter and power grid monitoring module from the intelligent fusion terminal of the substation, uses the voltage-power sensitivity analysis method to form an optimized control strategy, determines the reactive power regulation method, and returns the optimized control instructions to the intelligent fusion terminal of the substation, which then forwards the instructions to the inverter equipment. By calculating the voltage-power sensitivity of the substation, the system can dynamically adjust the power output and reactive power. This feature helps to quickly respond to changes in the power grid state and improve the stability of the photovoltaic power grid, thus solving the above problems.

[0006] (2) Technical solution

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an intelligent communication and control system for a distributed photovoltaic power grid, comprising a photovoltaic inverter module, an intelligent fusion terminal for a substation, a communication protocol module, a power grid monitoring module, and an optimization control module;

[0008] The photovoltaic inverter module is responsible for converting DC power into AC power, providing reactive power regulation, collecting inverter data, calculating the inverter output power Nbgl, power factor Gldz, DC voltage Zldy and AC voltage Jldy, and sending the above data to the intelligent fusion terminal in the substation area through the communication protocol;

[0009] The intelligent fusion terminal in the substation collects data from all photovoltaic inverters, performs summary analysis, and interfaces with the grid monitoring module to obtain grid status data for the entire substation, calculate the substation voltage-power sensitivity Tqlm, analyze the overall grid status and the status of each inverter, determine whether adjustment is needed, and issue control instructions to each inverter to adjust power output and reactive power;

[0010] The communication protocol module defines and implements a secure and fast communication protocol, calculates the communication delay Txyc and the packet loss rate Sjdb, ensures the security and efficiency of data interaction, and reports communication failures in a timely manner;

[0011] The grid monitoring module continuously monitors various parameters of the grid, calculates the grid anomaly index Dwyb, promptly identifies anomalies in the grid, and provides the monitoring results to the optimization control module for decision analysis;

[0012] The optimization control module obtains data from each inverter and grid monitoring module from the substation intelligent fusion terminal, uses the voltage-power sensitivity analysis method to form an optimized control strategy, determines the reactive power regulation method, and returns the optimized control instructions to the substation intelligent fusion terminal, which then forwards the instructions to the inverter equipment.

[0013] Preferably, the photovoltaic inverter module collects inverter data and calculates the inverter output power Nbgl. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0014]

[0015] In the formula, Nbgl represents the inverter output power, Jlsc represents the AC output voltage, and Jldl represents the AC output current. Indicates the phase difference between voltage and current.

[0016] Preferably, the photovoltaic inverter module collects inverter data and calculates the power factor Gldz. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0017]

[0018] In the formula, Gldz represents the power factor, Sjpl represents the actual power, Jlsc represents the AC output voltage, and Jldl represents the AC output current.

[0019] Preferably, the photovoltaic inverter module collects inverter data and calculates the DC voltage Zldy. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0020] Zldy=Clsl*Gfdy-Dldl*Cldz

[0021] In the formula, Zldy represents the DC voltage, Clsl represents the number of solar cells connected in series, Gfdy represents the voltage of each photovoltaic unit at the maximum power point, Dldl represents the short-circuit current, and Cldz represents the series resistance of the photovoltaic module.

[0022] Preferably, the photovoltaic inverter module collects inverter data and calculates the AC voltage Jldy. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0023]

[0024] In the formula, Jldy represents the AC voltage, Jdfz represents the peak value of the AC voltage, and k represents the coefficient reflecting harmonic distortion.

[0025] Preferably, the intelligent fusion terminal in the substation collects data from all photovoltaic inverters, performs summary analysis, and calculates the substation voltage-power sensitivity Tqlm. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0026]

[0027] In the formula, Tqlm represents the voltage-power sensitivity of the substation, ΔDb represents the change in voltage, and ΔGb represents the change in power.

[0028] Preferably, the communication protocol module defines and implements a safe and fast communication protocol, and calculates the communication delay Txyc. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0029] Txyc=Cbyc+Pdyc+Csyc+Clyc

[0030] In the formula, Txyc represents communication delay, Cbyc represents propagation delay, Pdyc represents queuing delay, Csyc represents transmission delay, and Clyc represents processing delay.

[0031] Preferably, the communication protocol module defines and implements a secure and fast communication protocol, and calculates the packet loss rate Sjdb, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0032]

[0033] In the formula, Sjdb represents the packet loss rate, Dssl represents the number of lost packets, and Fssl represents the total number of sent packets.

[0034] Preferably, the power grid monitoring module continuously monitors various parameters of the power grid and calculates the power grid abnormality index Dwyb. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0035] Dwyb=f(V,I,Bzgy,Bzpl)

[0036] In the formula, Dwyb represents the grid abnormality index, V represents the set voltage, I represents the set current, Bzgy represents the standard power factor, Bzpl represents the standard frequency, and f represents the judgment function.

[0037] An intelligent communication and control method for a distributed photovoltaic power grid comprises the following steps:

[0038] S1, through the photovoltaic inverter module, is responsible for converting DC power into AC power, providing reactive power regulation, collecting inverter data, calculating the inverter output power Nbgl, power factor Gldz, DC voltage Zldy and AC voltage Jldy, and sending the above data to the substation intelligent fusion terminal through the communication protocol;

[0039] S2, the intelligent fusion terminal of the substation collects data from all photovoltaic inverters, conducts summary analysis, and interfaces with the grid monitoring module to obtain the grid status data of the entire substation, calculate the substation voltage-power sensitivity Tqlm, analyze the overall grid status and the status of each inverter, determine whether adjustment is needed, and issue control instructions to each inverter to adjust power output and reactive power;

[0040] S3, the communication protocol module defines and implements a secure and fast communication protocol, calculates the communication delay Txyc and the packet loss rate Sjdb, ensures the security and efficiency of data interaction, and reports communication failures in a timely manner;

[0041] S4, the power grid monitoring module continuously monitors various parameters of the power grid, calculates the power grid abnormality index Dwyb, promptly identifies abnormalities in the power grid, and provides the monitoring results to the optimization control module for decision analysis;

[0042] S5. The optimization control module obtains data from each inverter and grid monitoring module from the substation intelligent fusion terminal, uses the voltage-power sensitivity analysis method to form an optimized control strategy, determines the reactive power regulation method, and returns the optimized control instructions to the substation intelligent fusion terminal, which then forwards the instructions to the inverter equipment.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an intelligent communication and control system and control method for a distributed photovoltaic power grid, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0044] The present invention is responsible for converting direct current into alternating current through the photovoltaic inverter module, providing reactive power regulation, collecting inverter data, calculating the inverter output power Nbgl, power factor Cldz, DC voltage Zldy and AC voltage Jldy, and sending the above data to the substation intelligent fusion terminal through the communication protocol. The substation intelligent fusion terminal collects data from all photovoltaic inverters and conducts summary analysis. At the same time, it interfaces with the power grid monitoring module to obtain the power grid status data of the entire substation, calculates the substation voltage-power sensitivity Tqlm, analyzes the overall power grid status and the status of each inverter, determines whether adjustment is needed, and issues control instructions to each inverter to adjust power output and reactive power. The communication protocol module defines and implements a safe and fast communication protocol, calculates the communication delay Txyc and the data According to the packet loss rate Sjdb, the security and efficiency of data interaction are ensured, and communication failures are reported in a timely manner. The power grid monitoring module continuously monitors various parameters of the power grid, calculates the power grid anomaly index Dwyb, and promptly identifies anomalies in the power grid. The monitoring results are provided to the optimization control module for decision analysis. The optimization control module obtains data from each inverter and power grid monitoring module from the substation intelligent fusion terminal, uses the voltage-power sensitivity analysis method to form an optimized control strategy, determines the reactive power regulation method, and returns the optimized control instructions to the substation intelligent fusion terminal, which then forwards the instructions to the inverter equipment. By calculating the substation voltage-power sensitivity, the system can dynamically adjust the power output and reactive power. This feature helps to quickly respond to changes in the power grid status and improve the stability of the photovoltaic power grid. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the system flow of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the steps of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] To address the problem that existing technologies cannot dynamically adjust the power output of photovoltaic inverters according to the grid status in real time and can only rely on regularly updated control instructions, resulting in slow response and poor flexibility, an intelligent communication and control system for distributed photovoltaic power grids is proposed. Figure 1 ,The system includes photovoltaic inverter module, substation intelligent fusion terminal, ,communication protocol module, grid monitoring module and optimization control module;

[0049] The photovoltaic inverter module is responsible for converting DC power into AC power, providing reactive power regulation, collecting inverter data, and calculating the inverter output power Nbgl, power factor Gldz, DC voltage Zldy, and AC voltage Jldy, where:

[0050] The inverter output power calculation formula is as follows:

[0051]

[0052] By calculating the inverter output power in real time, the power generation performance of the photovoltaic array can be evaluated to ensure that the system operates at optimal efficiency. In the formula, Nbgl represents the inverter output power, Jlsc represents the AC output voltage, and Jldl represents the AC output current. Indicates the phase difference between voltage and current. Abnormal changes in output power may indicate inverter failure or PV panel performance degradation, allowing timely detection of problems for maintenance.

[0053] The power factor calculation formula is as follows:

[0054]

[0055] Calculating the power factor helps optimize energy utilization and avoid energy loss caused by low power factor, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the power grid. In the formula, Gldz represents the power factor, Sjpl represents the actual power, Jlsc represents the AC output voltage, and Jldl represents the AC output current. By adjusting the inverter's output power factor, the intelligent control system can dynamically adjust reactive power, optimize voltage levels, and reduce line losses.

[0056] The DC voltage calculation formula is as follows:

[0057] Zldy=Clsl*Gfdy-Dldl*Cldz

[0058] Monitoring DC voltage helps ensure that PV panels and batteries operate within a safe range, preventing damage to the equipment caused by overvoltage or undervoltage. In the formula, Zldy represents the DC voltage, Clsl represents the number of solar cells in series, Gfdy represents the voltage of each PV cell at the maximum power point, Dldl represents the short-circuit current, and Cldz represents the series resistance of the PV panel. Stable DC voltage helps maintain the efficient operation of the inverter, reduces power fluctuations, and thus enhances the overall stability of the system.

[0059] The AC voltage calculation formula is as follows:

[0060]

[0061] Real-time calculation of AC voltage helps prevent the inverter's output voltage from exceeding grid requirements, reducing accident risks. In the formula, Jldy represents the AC voltage, Jdfz represents the peak value of the AC voltage, and k represents the coefficient reflecting harmonic distortion. Understanding the AC voltage fluctuation trend can help the inverter optimize power output and achieve efficient energy exchange with the grid.

[0062] The intelligent fusion terminal in the substation collects data from all photovoltaic inverters, summarizes and analyzes it, and interfaces with the grid monitoring module to obtain the grid status data of the entire substation and calculate the substation voltage-power sensitivity Tqlm. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0063]

[0064] Voltage-power sensitivity measures the voltage's ability to respond to power changes, enabling the determination of grid stability in the face of load fluctuations or PV generation fluctuations. This is crucial for ensuring reliable grid operation under dynamic conditions. In the formula, Tqlm represents the substation's voltage-power sensitivity, Δdb represents the change in voltage, and ΔGb represents the change in power. Sensitivity analysis provides insight into the impact of individual inverters in the grid, providing a basis for power dispatch decisions. This enables the system to more flexibly allocate resources and achieve optimal energy distribution.

[0065] Based on the above calculated values, the overall grid status and the status of each inverter are analyzed to determine whether adjustment is needed. Control instructions are then issued to each inverter to adjust power output and reactive power.

[0066] The communication protocol module specifies the rules and methods for data transmission, including data format, signal processing, error detection and correction, packet sorting and retransmission, and other functions. Its main implementation content includes support for multiple communication interfaces, encryption algorithm SSL and authentication mechanism OAuth, and calculation of communication delay Txyc and packet loss rate Sjdb;

[0067] The formula is as follows:

[0068] Txyc=Cbyc+Pdyc+Csyc+Clyc

[0069] Calculating and monitoring communication delay can help evaluate the real-time performance of the system and ensure that data can be transmitted within the appropriate time. In the formula, Txyc represents communication delay, Cbyc represents propagation delay, Pdyc represents queuing delay, Csyc represents transmission delay, and Clyc represents processing delay. By analyzing delay data, bottlenecks can be identified, communication links can be optimized, or protocol parameters can be modified to improve overall communication performance.

[0070]

[0071] The packet loss rate can be used to monitor network health in real time, identify areas of network congestion or transmission errors, and optimize accordingly. In the formula, Sjdb represents the packet loss rate, Dssl represents the number of lost packets, and Fssl represents the total number of packets sent. Regularly counting and analyzing the packet loss rate helps improve data integrity across the entire system, ensuring that end users receive authentic and reliable data.

[0072] The power grid monitoring module continuously monitors various parameters of the power grid, calculates the power grid anomaly index Dwyb, promptly identifies anomalies in the power grid, and provides the monitoring results to the optimization control module for decision analysis, including:

[0073] The calculation formula for power grid abnormality index is as follows:

[0074] Dwyb=f(V,I,Bzgy,Bzpl)

[0075] Calculating abnormality indicators helps identify potential failure risks early, supports preventive maintenance and fault location, and predicts and reduces the frequency of equipment failures by analyzing grid operation data. In the formula, dwyb represents the grid abnormality indicator, V represents the set voltage, I represents the set current, Bzgy represents the standard power factor, Bzpl represents the standard frequency, and f represents the decision function. Using abnormality indicators, early warning information is generated and promptly notified to the control center and operation and maintenance personnel, ensuring the safety and continuity of grid operation.

[0076] In specific implementation, the determination function f is a function related to V, I, Bzgy, and Bzpl. The specific expression of the determination function f is obtained through the system self-learning method. The self-learning process adopts a neural network method or a support vector machine method. First, a sample set is constructed based on a known data set including normal and abnormal operation of the power grid, and then a determination function is constructed based on a neural network or a support vector machine.

[0077] The optimization control module obtains data from each inverter and grid monitoring module from the substation intelligent fusion terminal to achieve comprehensive analysis and optimized management of the grid's operating status. Using voltage-power sensitivity analysis, the system can quantitatively evaluate the relationship between voltage changes and power flow, thereby identifying areas of potential voltage anomalies or unreasonable power distribution in the grid. Based on this analysis, the optimization control module forms a targeted control strategy and specifically decides on the reactive power adjustment method to meet the grid's stability and power quality requirements. During this process, the optimization control instructions are precisely calculated to ensure real-time response to grid load changes and inverter operating status, thereby maximizing the efficiency of renewable energy use while maintaining system balance. Ultimately, these optimized control instructions are returned to the substation intelligent fusion terminal, which is responsible for forwarding the instructions to each inverter device, ensuring that the inverter can dynamically adjust its reactive power output according to the latest control strategy. Through this intelligent control strategy, the entire power system can better adapt to load fluctuations and changing grid conditions, improving the stability and reliability of the power system, while achieving efficient power transmission while protecting grid equipment from the impact of harsh operating conditions.

[0078] See also Figure 2 , an intelligent communication and control method for a distributed photovoltaic power grid, comprising the following steps:

[0079] S1, through the photovoltaic inverter module, is responsible for converting DC power into AC power, providing reactive power regulation, collecting inverter data, calculating the inverter output power Nbgl, power factor Gldz, DC voltage Zldy and AC voltage Jldy, and sending the above data to the substation intelligent fusion terminal through the communication protocol;

[0080] S2, the intelligent fusion terminal of the substation collects data from all photovoltaic inverters, conducts summary analysis, and interfaces with the grid monitoring module to obtain the grid status data of the entire substation, calculate the substation voltage-power sensitivity Tqlm, analyze the overall grid status and the status of each inverter, determine whether adjustment is needed, and issue control instructions to each inverter to adjust power output and reactive power;

[0081] S3, the communication protocol module defines and implements a secure and fast communication protocol, calculates the communication delay Txyc and the packet loss rate Sjdb, ensures the security and efficiency of data interaction, and reports communication failures in a timely manner;

[0082] S4, the power grid monitoring module continuously monitors various parameters of the power grid, calculates the power grid abnormality index Dwyb, promptly identifies abnormalities in the power grid, and provides the monitoring results to the optimization control module for decision analysis;

[0083] S5. The optimization control module obtains data from each inverter and grid monitoring module from the substation intelligent fusion terminal, uses the voltage-power sensitivity analysis method to form an optimized control strategy, determines the reactive power regulation method, and returns the optimized control instructions to the substation intelligent fusion terminal, which then forwards the instructions to the inverter equipment.

[0084] By combining the above steps and methods to calculate the voltage-power sensitivity of the substation area, the system can dynamically adjust the power output and reactive power. This feature helps to quickly respond to changes in the grid state and improve the stability of the photovoltaic grid.

[0085] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An intelligent communication and control system for a distributed photovoltaic power grid, characterized by: It includes photovoltaic inverter module, intelligent fusion terminal of substation, communication protocol module, grid monitoring module and optimization control module; The photovoltaic inverter module is responsible for converting DC power into AC power, providing reactive power regulation, collecting inverter data, calculating the inverter output power Nbgl, power factor Gldz, DC voltage Zldy and AC voltage Jldy, and sending the above data to the intelligent fusion terminal in the substation area through the communication protocol; The substation intelligent fusion terminal collects data from all photovoltaic inverters, performs summary analysis, and interfaces with the grid monitoring module to obtain grid status data for the entire substation, calculate the substation voltage-power sensitivity Tqlm, analyze the overall grid status and the status of each inverter, determine whether adjustment is needed, and issue control instructions to each inverter to adjust reactive power; The communication protocol module defines and implements a secure and fast communication protocol, calculates the communication delay Txyc and the packet loss rate Sjdb, ensures the security and efficiency of data interaction, and reports communication failures in a timely manner; The grid monitoring module continuously monitors various parameters of the grid, calculates the grid anomaly index Dwyb, promptly identifies anomalies in the grid, and provides the monitoring results to the optimization control module for decision analysis; The calculation formula of the power grid abnormality indicator Dwyb is as follows: Dwyb=f(V,I,Bzgy,Bzpl) In the formula, Dwyb represents the grid abnormality index, V represents the set voltage, I represents the set current, Bzgy represents the standard power factor, Bzpl represents the standard frequency, and f represents the judgment function; The optimization control module obtains data from each inverter and grid monitoring module from the substation intelligent fusion terminal, uses the voltage-power sensitivity analysis method to form an optimized control strategy, determines the reactive power regulation method, and returns the optimized control instructions to the substation intelligent fusion terminal, which then forwards the instructions to the inverter equipment.

2. The intelligent communication and control system for a distributed photovoltaic power grid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic inverter module collects inverter data and calculates the inverter output power Nbgl. The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, Nbgl represents the inverter output power, Jlsc represents the AC output voltage, and Jldl represents the AC output current. Indicates the phase difference between voltage and current.

3. The intelligent communication and control system for a distributed photovoltaic power grid according to claim 2, characterized in that: The photovoltaic inverter module collects inverter data and calculates the power factor Gldz. The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, Gldz represents the power factor, Sjpl represents the actual power, Jlsc represents the AC output voltage, and Jldl represents the AC output current.

4. The intelligent communication and control system for a distributed photovoltaic power grid according to claim 3, characterized in that: The photovoltaic inverter module collects inverter data and calculates the DC voltage Zldy. The calculation formula is as follows: Zldy=Clsl*Gfdy-Dldl*Cldz In the formula, Zldy represents the DC voltage, Clsl represents the number of solar cells connected in series, Gfdy represents the voltage of each photovoltaic unit at the maximum power point, Dldl represents the short-circuit current, and Cldz represents the series resistance of the photovoltaic module.

5. The intelligent communication and control system for a distributed photovoltaic power grid according to claim 4, characterized in that: The photovoltaic inverter module collects inverter data and calculates the AC voltage Jldy. The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, Jldy represents the AC voltage, Jdfz represents the peak value of the AC voltage, and k represents the coefficient reflecting harmonic distortion.

6. The intelligent communication and control system for a distributed photovoltaic power grid according to claim 5, characterized in that: The intelligent fusion terminal in the substation collects data from all photovoltaic inverters, performs summary analysis, and calculates the substation voltage-power sensitivity Tqlm. The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, Tqlm represents the voltage-power sensitivity of the substation, ΔDb represents the change in voltage, and ΔGb represents the change in power.

7. The intelligent communication and control system for a distributed photovoltaic power grid according to claim 6, characterized in that: The communication protocol module defines and implements a safe and fast communication protocol and calculates the communication delay Txyc. The calculation formula is as follows: Txyc=Cbyc+Pdyc+Csyc+Clyc In the formula, Txyc represents communication delay, Cbyc represents propagation delay, Pdyc represents queuing delay, Csyc represents transmission delay, and Clyc represents processing delay.

8. The intelligent communication and control system for a distributed photovoltaic power grid according to claim 7, characterized in that: The communication protocol module defines and implements a secure and fast communication protocol and calculates the packet loss rate Sjdb. The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, Sjdb represents the packet loss rate, Dssl represents the number of lost packets, and Fssl represents the total number of sent packets.

9. An intelligent communication and control method for a distributed photovoltaic power grid, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, through the photovoltaic inverter module, is responsible for converting DC power into AC power, providing reactive power regulation, collecting inverter data, calculating the inverter output power Nbgl, power factor Gldz, DC voltage Zldy and AC voltage Jldy, and sending the above data to the substation intelligent fusion terminal through the communication protocol; S2, the intelligent fusion terminal of the substation collects data from all photovoltaic inverters, summarizes and analyzes it, and interfaces with the grid monitoring module to obtain the grid status data of the entire substation, calculate the substation voltage-power sensitivity Tqlm, analyze the overall grid status and the status of each inverter, determine whether adjustment is needed, and issue control instructions to each inverter to adjust the reactive power; S3, the communication protocol module defines and implements a secure and fast communication protocol, calculates the communication delay Txyc and the packet loss rate Sjdb, ensures the security and efficiency of data interaction, and reports communication failures in a timely manner; S4, the power grid monitoring module continuously monitors various parameters of the power grid, calculates the power grid abnormality index Dwyb, promptly identifies abnormalities in the power grid, and provides the monitoring results to the optimization control module for decision analysis; The calculation formula of the power grid abnormality indicator Dwyb is as follows: Dwyb=f(V,I,Bzgy,Bzpl) In the formula, Dwyb represents the grid abnormality index, V represents the set voltage, I represents the set current, Bzgy represents the standard power factor, Bzpl represents the standard frequency, and f represents the judgment function; S5. The optimization control module obtains data from each inverter and grid monitoring module from the substation intelligent fusion terminal, uses the voltage-power sensitivity analysis method to form an optimized control strategy, determines the reactive power regulation method, and returns the optimized control instructions to the substation intelligent fusion terminal, which then forwards the instructions to the inverter equipment.

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