Unit active power protection and adjustment system based on power monitoring network security

Abstract

The invention discloses a unit active power protection and regulation system based on electric power monitoring network security, and relates to the technical field of hydroelectric power generation regulation. According to the system, firstly, precise rotating speed measurement and regulation are performed, and the rotating speed error can be effectively reduced by combining optimization of proportional gain, integral gain and differential gain; and the dynamic response capability and stability of the unit are improved. Therefore, it is ensured that the hydraulic generator set keeps the optimal operation state under variable loads and different working conditions, and efficiency loss is reduced. And secondly, the mechanical and electrical conversion efficiency of the power generation system can be optimized by accurately measuring the water flow, the pipeline friction loss and the temperature loss factor. Therefore, the energy loss is reduced, the overall power generation efficiency is improved, and the economical efficiency and stability of system operation are ensured. Under the emergency condition, the response time and the flow of the valve are accurately measured, so that timely response of an emergency turn-off system can be ensured, and equipment damage and safety accidents are prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of hydropower generation regulation, and in particular to a unit active power protection and regulation system based on an electric power monitoring network. Background Art

[0002] In modern power systems, hydropower generating units are an important source of electricity, and their stable operation is directly related to the overall safety and reliability of the power grid. However, traditional unit regulation methods face a series of challenges, which not only affect the operating efficiency of the units, but also may pose a threat to the stability of the power grid. Traditional regulation methods often seem to be unable to cope with load changes and environmental impacts, leading to the emergence of some key problems.

[0003] First, the speed regulation of traditional hydropower generating units often has the problem of insufficient precision. This lack of precision is not only due to the simplicity of the regulation algorithm, but also affected by environmental changes such as water level fluctuations and flow changes. These factors may cause the speed of the unit to not match the actual load demand, thereby causing fluctuations in power output. Especially when operating at high load, speed regulation errors may cause the unit to overload, thereby increasing the friction loss and temperature loss of the equipment. This overload state not only increases the working pressure of the unit, but may also shorten the service life of the equipment and increase maintenance costs.

[0004] In addition, the response delay in traditional regulation methods is also a significant problem. Due to the lag of the regulation system, it is difficult for the unit to quickly adapt to the changes in the instantaneous load of the power grid. This delay may cause instability in the frequency of the power grid and affect the stability of the power system. Friction loss and temperature loss will also become more serious under this delay, and the operating efficiency of the equipment will be further reduced, resulting in energy waste and system instability.

[0005] Against the backdrop of these issues, the security of power monitoring networks has become increasingly prominent. With the advancement of power system automation and informatization, network security risks such as malicious attacks and data leakage have become challenges that cannot be ignored. The security of the power monitoring system directly affects the regulation accuracy and operational reliability of the unit. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the security protection of the power monitoring network to prevent cyber attacks from having a negative impact on unit regulation and grid stability.

[0006] In summary, the regulation method of traditional hydropower generating units has many challenges in terms of accuracy, response speed, friction loss and temperature loss. These problems not only affect the operating efficiency of the unit, but also pose a threat to the stability of the power grid. Therefore, it is urgent to propose a unit active power protection and regulation system based on power monitoring network security. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a unit active power protection and regulation system based on power monitoring network security to solve the problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a unit active power protection and regulation system based on power monitoring network security, including a regional division module, a power monitoring module, a hydraulic parameter monitoring module, a network security analysis module and a unit dynamic protection module;

[0009] The area division module is used to divide the hydropower generating set into a number of independent operating areas, each area containing a number of generating sets and their related auxiliary equipment;

[0010] The power monitoring module is used to monitor the operating status of the hydroelectric generating units in multiple areas in real time, including the current, voltage and power generation of the units in each area, and generate a regional status data set;

[0011] The hydraulic parameter monitoring module is used to monitor the key parameters of water flow Q, water head H and hydraulic generator efficiency η of each regional hydroelectric generator set in real time, generate a hydraulic data set, and construct a hydraulic power coefficient Phs by summarizing the hydraulic data set with the regional status data set, and adjust the unit power output based on the hydraulic power coefficient Phs to ensure maximum power generation efficiency;

[0012] The network security analysis module is used to analyze the network communication security of each regional power monitoring system in real time, identify potential network attacks or data anomalies, and generate a regional network security risk coefficient Nsx by extracting the regional network load coefficient Wlz, the communication delay parameter Tcd and the data integrity index Dwb. If the regional network security risk coefficient Nsx exceeds the safety threshold Nsx threshold , triggering regional early warning and limiting external interaction of key control signals in the area;

[0013] The unit dynamic protection module is used to collect real-time adjustment speed error information, inertia time of the water conservancy generator unit speed control system, speed attenuation rate and time information of the water conservancy generator unit in the emergency shut-off valve based on the strategy of adjusting the unit power output based on the hydropower power coefficient Phs, and deeply calculate and obtain: adjustment speed adjustment coefficient Tzs, unit stability coefficient Gwd and emergency shut-off valve response time Gfxt, and associate the adjustment speed adjustment coefficient Tzs, unit stability coefficient Gwd and emergency shut-off valve response time Gfxt to obtain the calibration index Jzx and evaluate it to determine whether the adjustment strategy needs to be corrected.

[0014] Preferably, the area division module includes a division unit and a position marking map unit;

[0015] The division unit is used to classify the generating units with similar geographical locations and shared water resources into the same area according to the geographical distribution of the power stations.

[0016] The location marking map unit is used to create a map using the geographic information system GIS, and mark the boundaries of each area and the specific location of the generator set on the map, and mark several operating areas in sequence: Bqy1, Bqy2, ..., Bqyn, where n represents the number of operating areas.

[0017] Preferably, the hydraulic parameter monitoring module includes a temperature loss factor calculation unit, a pipeline friction loss factor calculation unit, a hydraulic generator set efficiency conversion unit, an efficiency calculation unit and a first adjustment unit;

[0018] The temperature loss factor calculation unit is used to monitor the water temperature parameters in the operating environment of the hydropower generator set, analyze the influence of water temperature on water density and power output, and calculate the temperature loss factor △t through the following formula:

[0019] ρ(T)=ρ0*(1-β*(TT 0 ));

[0020]

[0021] Where ρ0 represents the water at the reference temperature T 0 The density is 1000kg / m 3 , β is the thermal expansion coefficient of water, which is set to 2.07×10 -4 ℃ -1 , T represents the real-time water temperature, T 0 Indicates that the reference temperature is set to 4°C;

[0022] The pipeline friction loss factor calculation unit is used to collect physical parameters related to the water flow pipeline of the hydropower generator set and calculate the friction loss factor f according to the pipeline flow characteristics. p ;

[0023] The friction loss factor f p The steps to obtain are:

[0024] First, the Reynolds number Re is calculated by the following formula to determine the regional flow state and then evaluate the water flow characteristics. The specific formula is:

[0025]

[0026] In the formula, Re represents the Reynolds number, and ρ is the density of water, which is 1000 kg / m 3, v is the average velocity of the water flow, D is the pipe diameter, and μ is the dynamic viscosity of water, which is set to 1.002×10 -3 1Pa·s;

[0027] The size of the Reynolds number Re determines the flow state:

[0028] If the Reynolds number Re < 2000, the flow in this area is judged to be laminar;

[0029] If the Reynolds number Re>4000, the flow in this area is judged to be turbulent;

[0030] If 2000≤Reynolds number Re≤4000, the area is judged to be a transition area;

[0031] When the water flow characteristics are judged to be laminar flow, the Darcy friction factor f is calculated by the following formula: d :

[0032]

[0033] The meaning of the formula is that it is applicable to the case where the water flow in the pipe is laminar;

[0034] When the water flow characteristic is judged to be turbulent, the Darcy friction factor fd is calculated by the following formula:

[0035]

[0036] In the formula, ∈ represents the pipeline roughness, and its value is as follows:

[0037] Smooth metal pipe: ∈=0.00001m; cast iron pipe ∈=0.00026m; concrete pipe: ∈=0.003m-0,01m; PVC pipe: ∈=0.0000015m; DD represents the pipe diameter;

[0038] Finally, based on the friction factor f d , the pipeline friction loss factor f is calculated by the following formula p :

[0039]

[0040] In the formula, L represents the length of the pipeline, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and its value is 9.81m / s 2 , v is the average velocity of water flow, and D represents the pipe diameter.

[0041] Preferably, the water conservancy generator set efficiency conversion unit is used to monitor the operating status of the water conservancy generator set in real time, calculate the actual efficiency of the water conservancy generator set, and obtain the water conservancy generator set efficiency η through the following formula:

[0042] η=ηopt *(1-k*(NN opt ) 2 );

[0043] Where η opt Indicates that the hydropower generator set is at the optimal speed N opt The maximum efficiency, N represents the actual speed of the hydropower generator set, k represents the efficiency reduction weight coefficient, (NN opt ) 2 Indicates the degree to which the speed N deviates from the optimal speed. The greater the speed deviation, the more significant the decrease in mechanical efficiency.

[0044] The efficiency calculation unit is used to convert the temperature loss factor Δ t , friction loss factor f p After the dimensionless processing of the hydropower generating unit efficiency η, the hydropower power coefficient Phs is calculated by the following formula:

[0045]

[0046] Where η is the efficiency of the hydropower generator set, which is between 0 and 1, indicating the mechanical and electrical conversion efficiency of the system. nom It represents the rated power of the hydroelectric generator set; ρ is the density of water, which is 1000kg / m 3 , g is the acceleration due to gravity, and its value is 9.81m / s 2 , Q is the water flow, H is the water head, Δ t is the temperature loss factor, which is used to represent the effect of temperature on water flow density and flow velocity; f p is the pipeline friction loss factor, which is used to represent the energy loss of water in the pipeline due to friction; V is the voltage of the generator, I is the current of the generator, and cos(θ) is the power factor, which represents the ratio of active power to apparent power;

[0047] The first regulating unit is used to evaluate the hydropower generation power factor Phs to obtain a first evaluation result, including:

[0048] When the hydroelectric power factor Phs = 1, it means that the current operating efficiency of the hydroelectric generator set is qualified, and there is no need to adjust the operating parameters at this time;

[0049] When the hydroelectric power coefficient Phs is less than 1, it indicates that the current operating efficiency of the hydroelectric generator set is unqualified. At this time, the first adjustment strategy is generated, including: based on the formula η=η opt *(1-k*(NN opt ) 2 ) ; Adjust the actual speed N of the hydroelectric generator set so that N = N opt; And according to the actual water head H and water flow Q, adjust the valve guide vane opening angle by 10-15%;

[0050] When the hydropower power factor Phs>1, it means that the current operating efficiency of the hydropower generator set is unqualified and there is an overload condition on the equipment. At this time, the second regulation strategy is generated, including: based on the formula η=η opt *(1-k*(NN opt ) 2 ) ; Adjust the actual speed N of the hydroelectric generator set so that N = N opt ; And according to the actual water head H and water flow Q, adjust the valve guide vane opening angle to reduce 10-15%.

[0051] Preferably, the network security analysis module includes a network security collection unit, a feature extraction unit and a first correlation unit;

[0052] The network security collection unit is used to analyze the network communication security of the power monitoring system in each area in real time, identify potential network attacks or data anomalies, and establish a network data set;

[0053] The feature extraction unit is used to extract the network traffic characteristics, communication delay characteristics, and data packet anomaly characteristics of the hydropower generator set in the network data set, and deeply analyze and calculate the regional network load factor Wlz, the communication delay parameter Tcd, and the data integrity index Dwb through the following formula:

[0054]

[0055] Ccd i，j =C trans，i，j +C queue，i，j +C proc,i,j ;

[0056]

[0057] Dwb=(1-S loss )*(1-E error );

[0058] In the formula, B trans，i represents the i-th hydropower generating unit at time t trans，i The bandwidth used in trans，i represents the data transmission time of the i-th hydropower generating unit, B total represents the total available bandwidth of the network in the area, t max Indicates the maximum transmission time within the monitoring period, N packets Indicates the total number of hydroelectric generating units in the region;

[0059] Ccd i，jrepresents the communication delay parameter of the jth data packet of the i-th hydropower generating unit, C trans,i，j represents the transmission delay of the jth data packet from the i-th hydropower generator group to the target device, C queue，i，j represents the queuing delay of the jth data packet of the i-th hydropower generator in the network device, C proc,i，j DJ represents the processing delay of the jth data packet by the i-th device. i represents the distance from the i-th hydropower generating unit to the target device, V prop Indicates the propagation speed; N devices Indicates the total number of network devices in the area, N packets，i represents the total number of packets processed by the ith network device, N packets Indicates the total number of packets of all network devices; S loss Indicates the packet loss rate, E error Indicates the packet error rate.

[0060] Preferably, the first correlation unit is used to calculate the regional network security risk coefficient Dwb through the following correlation formula after dimensionless processing of the regional network load coefficient Wlz, the communication delay parameter Tcd and the data integrity index Dwb:

[0061] Nsx=J ) *Wlz+J 2 *Tcd+J 3 *Dwb;

[0062] In the formula, J 1 , J 2 and J 3 It is expressed as the weight coefficient of the regional network load coefficient Wlz, the communication delay parameter Tcd and the data integrity index Dwb, which is adjusted and set by the user, and the sum of the weights is 1;

[0063] Preset safety threshold Nsx threshold , and the regional network security risk coefficient Dwb and the security threshold Nsx threshold Conduct a comparative assessment to obtain a second assessment result, including:

[0064] When the regional network security risk factor Dwb> security threshold Nsx threshold, indicating that the hydropower generating equipment or network equipment in the area is at risk of network attack, data leakage or transmission abnormality, and the first warning instruction is generated, including: automatically reducing the network bandwidth usage of the hydropower generating equipment in the area by 10% of the traffic load, further dynamically adjusting the bandwidth usage, and reducing the bandwidth by 5% every 5 minutes to limit the external transmission of key data until the network security risk is reduced or the bandwidth is reduced to less than 50%. For the external transmission of key control signals and sensitive data, the system will limit its total transmission volume to 80% of the original data flow. For high-risk data packets, such as packets with abnormal marks, they will be filtered first and blocked from transmission; the filtering ratio of medium-risk data packets is set to 40%. For all sensitive information and key control signals, the system will enable full-process encrypted transmission, and the AES-256 algorithm is used by default; for general information, standard AES-128 encryption is used to ensure the security of data transmission, and the remote control instruction transmission volume will be automatically reduced by 50%, and the remaining 50% is limited to local control;

[0065] When the regional network security risk factor Dwb ≤ security threshold Nsx threshold , indicating that there is no risk of cyber attack, data leakage or transmission abnormality for the hydropower generating equipment or network equipment in the area, and continuous monitoring is carried out.

[0066] Preferably, the unit dynamic protection module includes a speed adjustment acquisition unit, a unit stability monitoring unit, an emergency shut-off valve response acquisition unit and a second associated unit;

[0067] The speed regulation acquisition unit is used to monitor the speed adjustment error information and the inertia time of the speed regulation system of the hydropower generator set in real time after the first regulation unit of the power system is adjusted, and obtain the speed adjustment coefficient Tzs by calculating through the following formula:

[0068]

[0069] In the formula, K p Represents the proportional gain coefficient, which is used to adjust the proportional part of the speed error and control the difference between the actual speed and the target speed. N opt represents the optimal speed, N represents the actual speed, (N opt -N) indicates the actual adjustment speed error, Indicates the integral part of the error, indicating the accumulation of speed error over time, reflecting the cumulative effect of long-term error, K d Represents the differential gain coefficient, which is used to adjust the rate of error change and control the dynamic response of speed change. Indicates the rate of change of error, indicates the speed of change of speed error, and affects the dynamic response of the system; It indicates the rate of change of the tailwater level, reflecting the influence of the change of the tailwater level over time on the speed regulation. a indicates the tailwater level adjustment coefficient, δ indicates the inertia time constant adjustment coefficient, T inertia It represents the inertia time constant of the speed control system of the hydropower generator set, and the response time of the system to the speed change;

[0070] The unit stability monitoring unit is used to monitor the speed attenuation rate, tailwater length and rotational inertia of the hydropower generator set after the first regulating unit of the power system is adjusted, and obtain the unit stability factor Gwd by calculating through the following formula:

[0071]

[0072] Where, λN is the speed decay rate of the hydropower generator set, N opt represents the optimal speed, N represents the actual speed, T inertia Indicates the time taken for adjustment, L tail Indicates the length of the tailwater channel of the hydropower generator set, L max It represents the maximum length of the tailwater channel of the hydropower generator unit, I wheel Represents the moment of inertia of the hydroelectric generator set, I max Indicates the maximum value of the moment of inertia; A1, A2 and A3 are weight coefficients, which are adjusted and set by the user, and the sum of the weights is 1.

[0073] Preferably, the emergency shut-off valve response acquisition unit is used to collect the time information of the emergency shut-off valve of the hydropower generator set, so as to calculate the emergency shut-off valve response time Gfxt by the following formula:

[0074]

[0075] Where, T open Indicates the valve opening time, which means the time required from receiving the opening signal to the valve fully opening; T close represents the valve closing time, which means the time required from receiving the closing signal to the valve being completely closed. δ represents the delay adjustment coefficient, which is set to a constant less than 1. V max Indicates the maximum flow rate when the valve is fully open, V current Indicates the actual flow rate of the valve when receiving the command;

[0076] The second correlation unit is used to calculate the calibration index Jzx by the following correlation formula after dimensionless processing of the speed adjustment coefficient Tzs, the unit stability coefficient Gwd and the emergency shut-off valve response time Gfxt:

[0077] Jzx=J 4 *Tzs+J 5 *Gwd+J6 *Gfxt;

[0078] In the formula, J 4 , J 5 and J 6 It is expressed as the weight coefficient of the speed adjustment coefficient Tzs, the unit stability coefficient Gwd and the emergency shut-off valve response time Gfxt.

[0079] Preferably, the unit dynamic protection module further includes a correction unit;

[0080] The correction unit is used to preset an error threshold Z, and compare the calibration index Jzx with the error threshold Z to determine whether the error adjusted by the first adjustment unit exceeds the error threshold Z, so as to perform error correction, including:

[0081] When the calibration index Jzx>error threshold Z, it means that the error between the first adjustment strategy and the second adjustment strategy exceeds the preset error threshold Z allowable range, the adjusted system performance is unqualified, and further error correction and adjustment are required, including: after correcting the first adjustment strategy, to generate a third adjustment strategy, including: based on the formula η=η opt *(1-k*(NN opt ) 2 ) ; Adjust the actual speed N of the hydroelectric generator set so that N = N opt ; And according to the actual water head H and water flow Q, adjust the valve guide vane opening angle by 15-20%;

[0082] After the second adjustment strategy is corrected, a fourth adjustment strategy is generated, including: adjusting the valve guide vane opening angle to be reduced by 15%-20% according to the actual water head H and water flow Q;

[0083] When the calibration index Jzx≤error threshold Z, it indicates that the performance of the adjusted system is qualified and no further error correction and adjustment is required, and the system continues to operate according to the first adjustment strategy and the second adjustment strategy.

[0084] The present invention provides a unit active power protection and regulation system based on power monitoring network security. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0085] (1) Improve the speed regulation accuracy: Through the real-time monitoring of key parameters such as water flow and head by the hydraulic parameter monitoring module, the system can accurately calculate the hydropower power coefficient Phs. The accurate calculation of the hydropower power coefficient Phs allows the system to accurately adjust the unit power output, thereby improving the accuracy of the unit speed regulation. Accurate speed regulation reduces power fluctuations caused by errors, reduces the risk of unit overload, and thus reduces friction loss and temperature loss. This fine adjustment can effectively extend the service life of the equipment and reduce maintenance costs.

[0086] (2) Reduce response delay: The power monitoring module in the system monitors the current, voltage and power generation of the unit in real time, and analyzes the security of the network communication of the power monitoring system in combination with the network security analysis module, which can identify potential network attacks or data anomalies. By reducing response delay, the system can adjust the working status of the unit more quickly, reduce the instability of the grid frequency, and thus reduce the friction loss and temperature loss caused by delay, thereby improving the overall operating efficiency.

[0087] (3) Enhanced network security: The network security analysis module monitors the network security of the power monitoring system in real time, analyzes the regional network load factor, communication delay parameters and data integrity index, and generates the regional network security risk factor Nsx. When Nsx exceeds the safety threshold Nsx threshold When a fault occurs, the system triggers a regional warning and limits the external interaction of key control signals in the area. This network security protection measure prevents malicious attacks and data leakage from affecting unit regulation, ensures system reliability and data integrity, and thus protects the overall stability of the power system.

[0088] (4) Dynamic protection and adjustment: The unit dynamic protection module can calculate the speed adjustment coefficient Tzs, the unit stability coefficient Gwd and the emergency shut-off valve response time Gfxt by collecting the speed adjustment error information, the inertia time of the speed control system, the speed decay rate and the response time of the emergency shut-off valve in real time. These parameters are used to optimize the unit's adjustment strategy and are associated with the calibration index Jzx for evaluation to determine whether the strategy needs to be adjusted. This dynamic protection mechanism can not only respond to changes in the unit's operating status in real time, but also quickly adjust the operating strategy under abnormal conditions, further reducing the risk of overload operation and equipment loss. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0089] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a flow chart of a unit active power protection and regulation system based on power monitoring network security. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0090] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0091] Example 1

[0092] See also Figure 1 , the present invention provides a unit active power protection and regulation system based on power monitoring network security, including a regional division module, a power monitoring module, a hydraulic parameter monitoring module, a network security analysis module and a unit dynamic protection module;

[0093] The area division module is used to divide the hydropower generating set into a number of independent operating areas, each area containing a number of generating sets and their related auxiliary equipment;

[0094] The power monitoring module is used to monitor the operating status of the hydroelectric generating units in multiple areas in real time, including the current, voltage and power generation of the units in each area, and generate a regional status data set;

[0095] The hydraulic parameter monitoring module is used to monitor the key parameters of water flow Q, water head H and hydraulic generator efficiency η of each regional hydroelectric generator set in real time, generate a hydraulic data set, and construct a hydraulic power coefficient Phs by summarizing the hydraulic data set with the regional status data set, and adjust the unit power output based on the hydraulic power coefficient Phs to ensure maximum power generation efficiency;

[0096] The network security analysis module is used to analyze the network communication security of each regional power monitoring system in real time, identify potential network attacks or data anomalies, and generate a regional network security risk coefficient Nsx by extracting the regional network load coefficient Wlz, communication delay parameter Tcd and data integrity index Dwb. If Nsx exceeds the safety threshold Nsx threshold , triggering regional early warning and limiting external interaction of key control signals in the area;

[0097] The unit dynamic protection module is used to collect real-time adjustment speed error information, inertia time of the water conservancy generator unit speed control system, speed attenuation rate and time information of the water conservancy generator unit in the emergency shut-off valve based on the strategy of adjusting the unit power output based on the hydropower power coefficient Phs, and deeply calculate and obtain: adjustment speed adjustment coefficient Tzs, unit stability coefficient Gwd and emergency shut-off valve response time Gfxt, and associate the adjustment speed adjustment coefficient Tzs, unit stability coefficient Gwd and emergency shut-off valve response time Gfxt to obtain the calibration index Jzx and evaluate it to determine whether the adjustment strategy needs to be corrected.

[0098] The active power protection and regulation system of the unit under the power monitoring network security in this embodiment solves the key problems in the regulation of traditional water conservancy generating units through the comprehensive application of modules such as regional division, power monitoring, hydraulic parameter monitoring, network security analysis and unit dynamic protection, and has the following beneficial effects:

[0099] Improve the speed regulation accuracy: Through the real-time monitoring of key parameters such as water flow and head by the hydraulic parameter monitoring module, the system can accurately calculate the hydropower power coefficient Phs. The accurate calculation of the hydropower power coefficient Phs allows the system to accurately adjust the unit power output, thereby improving the accuracy of the unit speed regulation. Accurate speed regulation reduces power fluctuations caused by errors, reduces the risk of unit overload, and thus reduces friction loss and temperature loss. This fine adjustment can effectively extend the service life of the equipment and reduce maintenance costs.

[0100] Reduce response delay: The power monitoring module in the system monitors the current, voltage and power generation of the unit in real time, and analyzes the security of the network communication of the power monitoring system in combination with the network security analysis module, which can identify potential network attacks or data anomalies. By reducing response delay, the system can adjust the working status of the unit more quickly, reduce the instability of the grid frequency, and thus reduce the friction loss and temperature loss caused by delay, thereby improving the overall operating efficiency.

[0101] Enhanced network security: The network security analysis module monitors the network security of the power monitoring system in real time, analyzes the regional network load factor, communication delay parameters and data integrity index, and generates the regional network security risk factor Nsx. When Nsx exceeds the safety threshold Nsx threshold When a fault occurs, the system triggers a regional warning and limits the external interaction of key control signals in the area. This network security protection measure prevents malicious attacks and data leakage from affecting unit regulation, ensures system reliability and data integrity, and thus protects the overall stability of the power system.

[0102] Dynamic protection and adjustment: The unit dynamic protection module can calculate the speed adjustment coefficient Tzs, the unit stability coefficient Gwd and the emergency shut-off valve response time Gfxt by collecting the speed adjustment error information, the inertia time of the speed control system, the speed decay rate and the response time of the emergency shut-off valve in real time. These parameters are used to optimize the unit's adjustment strategy and are associated with the calibration index Jzx for evaluation to determine whether the strategy needs to be adjusted. This dynamic protection mechanism can not only respond to changes in the unit's operating status in real time, but also quickly adjust the operating strategy under abnormal conditions, further reducing the risk of overload operation and equipment loss.

[0103] Optimize energy efficiency and reduce energy waste: Through the comprehensive application of hydropower power coefficient adjustment, network security protection and dynamic protection mechanism, this system can significantly improve the energy efficiency of the unit and reduce energy waste. Accurate power regulation and real-time dynamic protection enable the unit to operate in the optimal state, thereby improving power generation efficiency and reducing energy loss caused by equipment overload.

[0104] Example 2

[0105] See also Figure 1 , the area division module includes a division unit and a position marking map unit;

[0106] The division unit is used to assign the generators with similar geographical locations and shared water resources to the same area according to the geographical distribution of the power stations. This layout optimization strategy helps to achieve efficient resource utilization and reduce the difficulty of regulation caused by geographical dispersion. The coordinated work of adjacent generators in the same area can maximize the use of shared water resources, thereby improving the overall power generation efficiency and reducing the operating costs caused by improper resource scheduling.

[0107] The location marking map unit is used to create a map using the geographic information system GIS, and mark the boundaries of each area and the specific location of the generator set on the map, and mark several operating areas in sequence as: Bqy1, Bqy2, ..., Bqyn, where n represents the number of operating areas. This precise geographic information marking can achieve real-time monitoring and management of generator sets in each area. Through the clear markings on the map, operators can quickly locate the location of each generator set and its area, which facilitates monitoring, troubleshooting and maintenance operations.

[0108] Example 3

[0109] See also Figure 1 , the hydraulic parameter monitoring module includes a temperature loss factor calculation unit, a pipeline friction loss factor calculation unit, a hydraulic generator set efficiency conversion unit, an efficiency calculation unit and a first adjustment unit;

[0110] The temperature loss factor calculation unit is used to monitor the water temperature parameters in the operating environment of the hydropower generator set, analyze the influence of water temperature on water density and power output, and calculate the temperature loss factor △t through the following formula:

[0111] ρ(T)=ρ0*(1-β*(TT 0 ));

[0112]

[0113] Where ρ0 represents the water at the reference temperature T 0 The density is 1000kg / m 3 , β is the thermal expansion coefficient of water, which is set to 2.07×10 -4 ℃ -1 , T represents the real-time water temperature, T 0 Indicates that the reference temperature is set to 4°C; obtained by calculation through the density sensor and temperature sensor;

[0114] The pipeline friction loss factor calculation unit is used to collect physical parameters related to the water flow pipeline of the hydropower generator set and calculate the friction loss factor f according to the pipeline flow characteristics. p ;

[0115] The friction loss factor f p The steps to obtain are:

[0116] First, the Reynolds number Re is calculated by the following formula to determine the regional flow state and then evaluate the water flow characteristics. The specific formula is:

[0117]

[0118] In the formula, Re represents the Reynolds number, and ρ is the density of water, which is 1000 kg / m 3 , v is the average velocity of the water flow, D is the pipe diameter, and μ is the dynamic viscosity of water, which is set to 1.002×10 -3 1Pa·s; the above parameters are measured and obtained through density sensor, pressure sensor, flow rate sensor, turbine sensor and laser rangefinder;

[0119] The size of the Reynolds number Re determines the flow state:

[0120] If the Reynolds number Re < 2000, the flow in this area is judged to be laminar;

[0121] If the Reynolds number Re>4000, the flow in this area is judged to be turbulent;

[0122] If 2000≤Reynolds number Re≤4000, the area is judged to be a transition area;

[0123] When the water flow characteristics are judged to be laminar flow, the Darcy friction factor f is calculated by the following formula: d :

[0124]

[0125] The meaning of the formula is that it is applicable to the case where the water flow in the pipe is laminar;

[0126] When the water flow characteristic is judged to be turbulent, the Darcy friction factor fd is calculated by the following formula:

[0127]

[0128] In the formula, ∈ represents the pipeline roughness, and its value is as follows:

[0129] Smooth metal pipe: ∈=0.00001m; cast iron pipe ∈=0.00026m; concrete pipe: ∈=0.003m-0,01m; PVC pipe: ∈=0.0000015m; DD represents the pipe diameter;

[0130] Finally, based on the friction factor f d , the pipeline friction loss factor f is calculated by the following formula p :

[0131]

[0132] In the formula, L represents the length of the pipeline, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and its value is 9.81m / s 2 , v is the average velocity of water flow, and D represents the pipe diameter.

[0133] In this embodiment, the temperature loss factor calculation unit can accurately evaluate the impact of temperature changes on power generation efficiency by real-time monitoring of water temperature and calculating its impact on water density and power output. Specifically, the calculation of the temperature loss factor can adjust the power output parameters in real time, thereby optimizing the actual power output of the generator set and avoiding power loss caused by temperature changes. This precise adjustment ensures the maximization of power generation efficiency and can effectively cope with the impact of ambient temperature fluctuations.

[0134] The pipeline friction loss factor calculation unit evaluates the flow characteristics by calculating the Reynolds number, and calculates the friction loss factor according to different flow states (laminar flow, turbulent flow or transition zone). This process helps operators understand the actual state of the water flow in the pipeline, thereby optimizing pipeline design and operation and maintenance. By accurately calculating the friction loss factor, the pipeline design can be improved or the appropriate pipeline material can be selected, reducing energy waste caused by friction loss and improving the overall system operation efficiency.

[0135] Accurate calculation of temperature loss factor and friction loss factor helps to improve the stability of system operation. Temperature changes and pipeline friction loss directly affect the power output and operating status of the unit. By real-time monitoring and adjusting these factors, the volatility in system operation can be reduced, the stability and reliability of the system can be improved, and the equipment failure rate and maintenance costs can be reduced. Accurate calculation of temperature loss factor and friction loss factor enables the system to manage energy input and output more effectively and reduce energy waste. Especially in large-scale hydropower generation systems, the cumulative effect of friction loss and temperature loss can significantly increase operating costs. By optimizing the management of these loss factors, the system can reduce unnecessary energy consumption, thereby reducing overall operating costs and improving economic benefits.

[0136] Example 4

[0137] See also Figure 1 The water conservancy generator set efficiency conversion unit is used to monitor the operating status of the water conservancy generator set in real time, calculate the actual efficiency of the water conservancy generator set, and obtain the water conservancy generator set efficiency η through the following formula:

[0138] η=η opt *(1-k*(NN opt ) 2 );

[0139] Where η opt Indicates that the hydropower generator set is at the optimal speed N opt The maximum efficiency, N represents the actual speed of the hydropower generator set, k represents the efficiency reduction weight coefficient, (NN opt ) 2 Indicates the degree to which the speed N deviates from the optimal speed. The greater the speed deviation, the more significant the decrease in mechanical efficiency. The above lower-level parameters are collected and obtained through the speed sensor;

[0140] The efficiency calculation unit is used to convert the temperature loss factor Δ t , friction loss factor f p After the dimensionless processing of the hydropower generating unit efficiency η, the hydropower power coefficient Phs is calculated by the following formula:

[0141]

[0142] Where η is the efficiency of the hydropower generator set, which is between 0 and 1, indicating the mechanical and electrical conversion efficiency of the system. nom It represents the rated power of the hydroelectric generator set; ρ is the density of water, which is 1000kg / m 3 , g is the acceleration due to gravity, and its value is 9.81m / s 2 , Q is the water flow, H is the water head, Δ tis the temperature loss factor, which is used to represent the effect of temperature on water flow density and flow velocity; f p is the pipeline friction loss factor, which is used to indicate the energy loss of water in the pipeline due to friction; V is the voltage of the generator, I is the current of the generator, and cos(θ) is the power factor, which indicates the ratio of active power to apparent power; the above data are obtained through voltage sensor, current sensor, power sensor, flow meter, temperature sensor and pressure sensor;

[0143] The first regulating unit is used to evaluate the hydropower generation power factor Phs to obtain a first evaluation result, including:

[0144] When the hydroelectric power factor Phs = 1, it means that the current operating efficiency of the hydroelectric generator set is qualified, and there is no need to adjust the operating parameters at this time;

[0145] When the hydroelectric power coefficient Phs is less than 1, it indicates that the current operating efficiency of the hydroelectric generator set is unqualified. At this time, the first adjustment strategy is generated, including: based on the formula η=η opt *(1-k*(NN opt ) 2 ) ; Adjust the actual speed N of the hydroelectric generator set so that N = N opt ; And according to the actual water head H and water flow Q, adjust the valve guide vane opening angle by 10-15%;

[0146] When the hydropower power factor Phs>1, it means that the current operating efficiency of the hydropower generator set is unqualified and there is an overload condition on the equipment. At this time, the second regulation strategy is generated, including: based on the formula η=η opt *(1-k*(NN opt ) 2 ) ; Adjust the actual speed N of the hydroelectric generator set so that N = N opt ; And according to the actual water head H and water flow Q, adjust the valve guide vane opening angle to reduce 10-15%.

[0147] In this embodiment, the efficiency conversion unit of the hydroelectric generator set calculates the actual efficiency of the hydroelectric generator set by monitoring the operating status of the unit in real time. This precise efficiency evaluation can accurately reflect the performance of the unit under the current operating conditions and help to promptly discover the reasons for the decline in efficiency. The actual efficiency η calculated by the formula takes into account the impact of the speed deviation on the efficiency, ensuring an accurate evaluation of the operating status of the unit. The efficiency calculation unit calculates the hydroelectric power coefficient Phs by comprehensively considering the temperature loss factor, friction loss factor and actual efficiency η. This coefficient reflects the actual working efficiency and energy conversion of the hydroelectric power generation system. Adjusting the power output according to the calculation results can optimize the working state of the generator set and ensure that the power generation efficiency reaches the expected level, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of the overall power generation system. The first adjustment unit generates a corresponding adjustment strategy based on the evaluation results of the hydroelectric power coefficient Phs. By dynamically adjusting the actual speed N of the unit and the valve guide vane opening angle, changes in power generation efficiency can be responded to quickly. If Phs < 1, it indicates that the operating efficiency is low, and the adjustment strategy will increase the speed and valve opening to improve the power generation efficiency; if Phs > 1, it indicates that the unit may be overloaded, and the adjustment strategy will reduce the speed and valve opening to avoid equipment damage. Real-time adjustment of the unit's operating parameters helps maintain system stability. When the unit's operating efficiency reaches the optimal level, the power generation system can respond to load changes more stably and reduce grid frequency fluctuations caused by substandard efficiency.

[0148] Example 5

[0149] See also Figure 1 , the network security analysis module includes a network security acquisition unit, a feature extraction unit and a first correlation unit;

[0150] The network security collection unit is used to analyze the network communication security of the power monitoring system in each area in real time, identify potential network attacks or data anomalies, and establish a network data set;

[0151] The feature extraction unit is used to extract the network traffic characteristics, communication delay characteristics, and data packet anomaly characteristics of the hydropower generator set in the network data set, and deeply analyze and calculate the regional network load factor W1z, the communication delay parameter Tcd, and the data integrity index Dwb through the following formula:

[0152]

[0153] Ccd i，j =C trans，i，j +C queue，i，j +C proc,i，j ;

[0154]

[0155] Dwb=(1-S loss )*(1-E error );

[0156] In the formula, B trans，i represents the i-th hydropower generating unit at time t trans,i The bandwidth used in trans，i represents the data transmission time of the i-th hydropower generating unit, B total represents the total available bandwidth of the network in the area, t max Indicates the maximum transmission time within the monitoring period, N packets Indicates the total number of hydroelectric generating units in the region;

[0157] Ccd i，j represents the communication delay parameter of the jth data packet of the i-th hydropower generating unit, C trans,i，j represents the transmission delay of the jth data packet from the i-th hydropower generator group to the target device, C queue，i，j represents the queuing delay of the jth data packet of the i-th hydropower generator in the network device, C proc,i，j DJ represents the processing delay of the jth data packet by the i-th device. i represents the distance from the i-th hydropower generating unit to the target device, V prop Indicates the propagation speed; N devices Indicates the total number of network devices in the area, N packets，i represents the total number of packets processed by the ith network device, N packets Indicates the total number of packets of all network devices; S loss Indicates the packet loss rate, E error Indicates the error rate of data packets. The above parameters are measured and obtained through network traffic monitoring tools, network delay test tools, such as ping tools or dedicated delay test instruments, network packet loss rate monitoring tools and network error detection tools;

[0158] The first correlation unit is used to calculate the regional network security risk coefficient Dwb through the following correlation formula after dimensionless processing of the regional network load coefficient Wlz, the communication delay parameter Tcd and the data integrity index Dwb:

[0159] Nsx=J ) *Wlz+J 2 *Tcd+J 3 *Dwb;

[0160] In the formula, J 1 , J 2 and J 3It is expressed as the weight coefficient of the regional network load coefficient Wlz, the communication delay parameter Tcd and the data integrity index Dwb, which is adjusted and set by the user, and the sum of the weights is 1;

[0161] Preset safety threshold Nsx threshold , and the regional network security risk coefficient Dwb and the security threshold Nsx threshold Conduct a comparative assessment to obtain a second assessment result, including:

[0162] When the regional network security risk factor Dwb> security threshold Nsx threshold , indicating that the hydropower generating equipment or network equipment in the area is at risk of network attack, data leakage or transmission abnormality, and the first warning instruction is generated, including: automatically reducing the network bandwidth usage of the hydropower generating equipment in the area by 10% of the traffic load, further dynamically adjusting the bandwidth usage, and reducing the bandwidth by 5% every 5 minutes to limit the external transmission of key data until the network security risk is reduced or the bandwidth is reduced to less than 50%. For the external transmission of key control signals and sensitive data, the system will limit its total transmission volume to 80% of the original data flow. For high-risk data packets, such as packets with abnormal marks, they will be filtered first and blocked from transmission; the filtering ratio of medium-risk data packets is set to 40%. For all sensitive information and key control signals, the system will enable full-process encrypted transmission, and the AES-256 algorithm is used by default; for general information, standard AES-128 encryption is used to ensure the security of data transmission, and the remote control instruction transmission volume will be automatically reduced by 50%, and the remaining 50% is limited to local control;

[0163] When the regional network security risk factor Dwb ≤ security threshold Nsx threshold , indicating that there is no risk of cyber attack, data leakage or transmission abnormality for the hydropower generating equipment or network equipment in the area, and continuous monitoring is carried out.

[0164] In this embodiment, the network security acquisition unit can analyze the network communication security of the power monitoring system in real time and identify potential network attacks or data anomalies. This real-time monitoring capability ensures that the system can quickly respond to and handle potential security threats, thereby protecting the power system from malicious attacks or data leaks. The feature extraction unit extracts network traffic features, communication delay features, and data packet anomaly features by deeply analyzing the network data set. By calculating the regional network load factor Wlz, the communication delay parameter Tcd, and the data integrity index Dwb, the system can fully understand the health of the network and promptly discover and locate possible network bottlenecks, delay problems, and data integrity risks. By dynamically adjusting the network bandwidth and data transmission strategy, the system can maintain the stability and reliability of the power monitoring system when facing network security risks. Ensure the secure transmission of key control signals and sensitive data to avoid system function failure or data loss due to network attacks.

[0165] Example 6

[0166] See also Figure 1 , the unit dynamic protection module includes a speed adjustment acquisition unit, a unit stability monitoring unit, an emergency shut-off valve response acquisition unit and a second associated unit;

[0167] The speed regulation acquisition unit is used to monitor the speed adjustment error information and the inertia time of the speed regulation system of the hydropower generator set in real time after the first regulation unit of the power system is adjusted, and obtain the speed adjustment coefficient Tzs by calculating through the following formula:

[0168]

[0169] In the formula, K p Represents the proportional gain coefficient, which is used to adjust the proportional part of the speed error and control the difference between the actual speed and the target speed. N opt represents the optimal speed, N represents the actual speed, (N opt -N) indicates the actual adjustment speed error, Indicates the integral part of the error, indicating the accumulation of speed error over time, reflecting the cumulative effect of long-term error, K d Represents the differential gain coefficient, which is used to adjust the rate of error change and control the dynamic response of speed change. Indicates the rate of change of error, indicates the speed of change of speed error, and affects the dynamic response of the system; It indicates the rate of change of the tailwater level, reflecting the influence of the change of the tailwater level over time on the speed regulation. a indicates the tailwater level adjustment coefficient, δ indicates the inertia time constant adjustment coefficient, T inertiaIt indicates the inertia time constant of the speed control system of the hydropower generator set, and indicates the response time of the system to the speed change. It is obtained by the speed sensor, without a dedicated sensor, and the integral calculation is usually completed in the control system or data processing module, and the tail water level sensor is used for monitoring.

[0170] The unit stability monitoring unit is used to monitor the speed attenuation rate, tailwater length and rotational inertia of the hydropower generator set after the first regulating unit of the power system is adjusted, and obtain the unit stability factor Gwd by calculating through the following formula:

[0171]

[0172] Where, λN is the speed decay rate of the hydropower generator set, N opt represents the optimal speed, N represents the actual speed, T inertia Indicates the time taken for adjustment, L tail It represents the length of the tailwater channel of the hydropower generator set, which is measured by a laser rangefinder. max It represents the maximum length of the tailwater channel of the hydropower generator unit, I wheel Represents the moment of inertia of the hydropower generator set, I max represents the maximum value of the moment of inertia; A1, A2 and A3 represent weight coefficients.

[0173] Preferably, the emergency shut-off valve response acquisition unit is used to collect the time information of the emergency shut-off valve of the hydropower generator set, so as to calculate the emergency shut-off valve response time Gfxt by the following formula:

[0174]

[0175] Where, T open Indicates the valve opening time, which means the time required from receiving the opening signal to the valve fully opening; T close represents the valve closing time, which means the time required from receiving the closing signal to the valve being completely closed. δ represents the delay adjustment coefficient, which is set to a constant less than 1. V max Indicates the maximum flow rate when the valve is fully open, V current Indicates the actual flow rate of the valve when receiving the command; the above parameters are obtained through timer calculation;

[0176] The second correlation unit is used to calculate the calibration index Jzx by the following correlation formula after dimensionless processing of the speed adjustment coefficient Tzs, the unit stability coefficient Gwd and the emergency shut-off valve response time Gfxt:

[0177] Jzx=J 4 *Tzs+J 5 *Gwd+J 6*Gfxt;

[0178] In the formula, J 4 , J 5 and J 6 It is expressed as the weight coefficient of the speed adjustment coefficient Tzs, the unit stability coefficient Gwd and the emergency shut-off valve response time Gfxt.

[0179] Preferably, the unit dynamic protection module further includes a correction unit;

[0180] The correction unit is used to preset an error threshold Z, and compare the calibration index Jzx with the error threshold Z to determine whether the error adjusted by the first adjustment unit exceeds the error threshold Z, so as to perform error correction, including:

[0181] When the calibration index Jzx>error threshold z, it means that the error between the first adjustment strategy and the second adjustment strategy exceeds the preset error threshold z allowable range, the adjusted system performance is unqualified, and further error correction and adjustment are required, including: after correcting the first adjustment strategy, to generate a third adjustment strategy, including: based on the formula η=η opt *(1-k*(NN opt ) 2 ) ; Adjust the actual speed N of the hydroelectric generator set so that N = N opt ; And according to the actual water head H and water flow Q, adjust the valve guide vane opening angle by 15-20%;

[0182] After the second adjustment strategy is corrected, a fourth adjustment strategy is generated, including: adjusting the valve guide vane opening angle to be reduced by 15%-20% according to the actual water head H and water flow Q;

[0183] When the calibration index Jzx≤error threshold Z, it indicates that the performance of the adjusted system is qualified and no further error correction and adjustment is required, and the system continues to operate according to the first adjustment strategy and the second adjustment strategy.

[0184] In this embodiment, the speed adjustment acquisition unit can monitor the speed error information after adjustment and the inertia time of the speed control system in real time, and use the formula to calculate the speed adjustment coefficient Tzs to ensure the accuracy and stability of the speed adjustment. By adjusting parameters such as the proportional gain coefficient, the integral gain coefficient and the differential gain coefficient, a dynamic response to the speed error is achieved, and the gap between the actual speed and the target speed is effectively controlled. The unit stability monitoring unit monitors the speed attenuation rate, the tailwater length and the moment of inertia by calculating the unit stability coefficient Gwd, and evaluates the stability of the unit under different operating conditions. Through the calculation of the stability coefficient, potential stability problems can be identified in time, and corresponding measures can be taken to ensure the operating stability of the unit. The emergency shut-off valve response acquisition unit calculates the response time Gfxt of the emergency shut-off valve to ensure that the opening and closing of the valve can respond quickly in an emergency, effectively avoiding the risks caused by delayed response of the system. Based on the calculation of the actual flow rate and the maximum flow rate of the valve, the control of the valve is optimized to ensure the safety and reliability of the system in emergency situations. The unit dynamic protection module is closely related to the first adjustment unit, and through real-time monitoring and correction, it ensures that the adjustment strategy of the first adjustment unit can be accurately executed and achieve the expected effect. The error correction mechanism of the correction unit can optimize and adjust the strategy of the first adjustment unit according to actual conditions to ensure the stable operation of the system in a dynamic environment.

[0185] The threshold is set to facilitate comparison. The size of the threshold depends on the amount of sample data and the number of bases set by technicians in this field for each group of sample data; as long as it does not affect the proportional relationship between the parameter and the quantized value.

[0186] It should be noted that the calculation formulas in the application documents are calculated after dimensionless processing of the lower-level parameters, which can convert different parameters into the same standard scale, making the parameters in different systems and under different conditions comparable.

[0187] The above formulas are obtained by collecting a large amount of data for software simulation and selecting a formula that is close to the actual value. The coefficients in the formula are set by technical personnel in this field according to actual conditions. The above is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Any technical personnel familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention, make equivalent replacement or change, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A unit active power protection and regulation system based on power monitoring network security, characterized by: It includes area division module, power monitoring module, hydraulic parameter monitoring module, network security analysis module and unit dynamic protection module; The area division module is used to divide the hydropower generating set into a number of independent operating areas, each area containing a number of generating sets and their related auxiliary equipment; The power monitoring module is used to monitor the operating status of the hydroelectric generating units in multiple areas in real time, including the current, voltage and power generation of the units in each area, and generate a regional status data set; The hydraulic parameter monitoring module is used to monitor the key parameters of water flow Q, water head H and hydraulic generator efficiency η of each regional hydroelectric generator set in real time, generate a hydraulic data set, and construct a hydraulic power coefficient Phs by summarizing the hydraulic data set with the regional status data set, and adjust the unit power output based on the hydraulic power coefficient Phs to ensure maximum power generation efficiency; The network security analysis module is used to analyze the network communication security of each regional power monitoring system in real time, identify potential network attacks or data anomalies, and generate a regional network security risk coefficient Nsx by extracting the regional network load coefficient Wlz, communication delay parameter Tcd and data integrity index Dwb. If the regional network security risk coefficient Nsx exceeds the safety threshold Nsx threshold , triggering regional early warning and limiting external interaction of key control signals in the area; The unit dynamic protection module is used to collect real-time adjustment speed error information, inertia time of the water conservancy generator unit speed control system, speed attenuation rate and time information of the water conservancy generator unit in the emergency shut-off valve based on the strategy of adjusting the unit power output based on the hydropower power coefficient Phs, and deeply calculate and obtain: adjustment speed adjustment coefficient Tzs, unit stability coefficient Gwd and emergency shut-off valve response time Gfxt, and associate the adjustment speed adjustment coefficient Tzs, unit stability coefficient Gwd and emergency shut-off valve response time Gfxt to obtain the calibration index Jzx and evaluate it to determine whether the adjustment strategy needs to be corrected.

2. The active power protection and regulation system for generating units based on power monitoring network security according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The area division module includes a division unit and a position marking map unit; The division unit is used to classify the generating units with similar geographical locations and shared water resources into the same area according to the geographical distribution of the power stations. The location marking map unit is used to create a map using a geographic information system GIS, and mark the boundaries of each area and the specific location of the generator set on the map, and mark several operating areas in sequence as: Bqy1, Bqy2, ..., Bqy n , n represents the number of running areas.

3. The active power protection and regulation system for generating units based on power monitoring network security according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hydraulic parameter monitoring module includes a temperature loss factor calculation unit, a pipeline friction loss factor calculation unit, a hydraulic generator set efficiency conversion unit, an efficiency calculation unit and a first adjustment unit; The temperature loss factor calculation unit is used to monitor the water temperature parameters in the operating environment of the hydropower generator set, analyze the influence of water temperature on water density and power output, and calculate the temperature loss factor △ by the following formula t : ρ(T)=ρ0*(1-β*(T-T0)); Where ρ0 represents the density of water at reference temperature T0, which is 1000 kg / m 3 , β is the thermal expansion coefficient of water, which is set to 2.07×10 -4 ℃ -1 , T represents the real-time water temperature, T0 represents the reference temperature set to 4°C; The pipeline friction loss factor calculation unit is used to collect physical parameters related to the water flow pipeline of the hydropower generator set and calculate the friction loss factor f according to the pipeline flow characteristics. p ; The friction loss factor f p The steps to obtain are: First, the Reynolds number Re is calculated by the following formula to determine the regional flow state and then evaluate the water flow characteristics. The specific formula is: In the formula, Re represents the Reynolds number, and ρ is the density of water, which is 1000 kg / m 3 , v is the average velocity of the water flow, D is the pipe diameter, and μ is the dynamic viscosity of water, which is set to 1.002×10 -3 1Pa·s; The size of the Reynolds number Re determines the flow state: If the Reynolds number Re < 2000, the flow in this area is judged to be laminar; If the Reynolds number Re>4000, the flow in this area is judged to be turbulent; If the 2000% Reynolds number Re≤4000, the region is judged to be a transition region; When the water flow characteristic is judged to be laminar flow, the Darcy friction factor fd is calculated by the following formula: The meaning of the formula is that it is applicable to the case where the water flow in the pipe is laminar; When the water flow characteristic is judged to be turbulent, the Darcy friction factor fd is calculated by the following formula: In the formula, ∈ represents the pipeline roughness, and its value is as follows: Smooth metal pipe: ∈=0.00001m; cast iron pipe ∈=0.00026m; concrete pipe: ∈=0.003m-0,01m; PVC pipe: ∈ = 0.0000015m; DD represents the pipe diameter; Finally, based on the friction factor f d , the pipeline friction loss factor f is calculated by the following formula p : In the formula, L represents the length of the pipeline, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and its value is 9.81m / s 2 , v is the average velocity of water flow, and D represents the pipe diameter.

4. The active power protection and regulation system for water conservancy generator sets based on power monitoring network security according to claim 3 is characterized by: The water conservancy generator set efficiency conversion unit is used to monitor the operating status of the water conservancy generator set in real time, calculate the actual efficiency of the water conservancy generator set, and obtain the water conservancy generator set efficiency η through the following formula: the=the opt *(1-k*(NN opt ) 2 ); Where η opt Indicates that the hydropower generator set is at the optimal speed N opt The maximum efficiency, N represents the actual speed of the hydropower generator set, k represents the efficiency reduction weight coefficient, (NN opt ) 2 Indicates the degree to which the speed N deviates from the optimal speed. The greater the speed deviation, the more significant the decrease in mechanical efficiency. The efficiency calculation unit is used to convert the temperature loss factor Δ t , friction loss factor f p After the dimensionless processing of the hydropower generating unit efficiency η, the hydropower power coefficient Phs is calculated by the following formula: Where η is the efficiency of the hydropower generator set, which is between 0 and 1, indicating the mechanical and electrical conversion efficiency of the system. nom It represents the rated power of the hydroelectric generator set; ρ is the density of water, which is 1000kg / m 3 , g is the acceleration due to gravity, and its value is 9.81m / s 2 , Q is the water flow, H is the water head, Δ t is the temperature loss factor, which is used to represent the effect of temperature on water flow density and flow velocity; f p is the pipeline friction loss factor, which is used to represent the energy loss of water in the pipeline due to friction; V is the voltage of the generator, I is the current of the generator, and cos(θ) is the power factor, which represents the ratio of active power to apparent power; The first regulating unit is used to evaluate the hydropower generation power factor Phs to obtain a first evaluation result, including: When the hydroelectric power factor Phs = 1, it means that the current operating efficiency of the hydroelectric generator set is qualified, and there is no need to adjust the operating parameters at this time; When the hydroelectric power coefficient Phs is less than 1, it indicates that the current operating efficiency of the hydroelectric generator set is unqualified. At this time, the first adjustment strategy is generated, including: based on the formula η=η opt *(1-k*(NN opt ) 2 );Adjust the actual speed N of the hydroelectric generator set so that N=N opt ; And according to the actual water head H and water flow Q, adjust the valve guide vane opening angle by 10-15%; When the hydropower power factor Phs>1, it means that the current operating efficiency of the hydropower generator set is unqualified and there is an overload condition on the equipment. At this time, the second regulation strategy is generated, including: based on the formula η=η opt *(1-k*(NN opt ) 2 );Adjust the actual speed N of the hydroelectric generator set so that N=N opt ; And according to the actual water head H and water flow Q, adjust the valve guide vane opening angle to reduce 10-15%.

5. The active power protection and regulation system for generating units based on power monitoring network security according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The network security analysis module includes a network security acquisition unit, a feature extraction unit and a first correlation unit; The network security collection unit is used to analyze the network communication security of the power monitoring system in each area in real time, identify potential network attacks or data anomalies, and establish a network data set; The feature extraction unit is used to extract the network traffic characteristics, communication delay characteristics, and data packet anomaly characteristics of the hydropower generator set in the network data set, and deeply analyze and calculate the regional network load factor Wlz, the communication delay parameter Tcd, and the data integrity index Dwb through the following formula: Ccd i，j =C trans，i，j +C queue，i，j +C proc,i，j ; Dwb=(1-S loss )*(1-E error ); In the formula, B trans，i represents the i-th hydropower generating unit at time t trans，i The bandwidth used in trans，i represents the data transmission time of the i-th hydropower generating unit, B total represents the total available bandwidth of the network in the area, t max Indicates the maximum transmission time within the monitoring period, N packets Indicates the total number of hydroelectric generating units in the region; Ccd i，j represents the communication delay parameter of the jth data packet of the i-th hydropower generating unit, C trans,i，j represents the transmission delay of the jth data packet from the i-th hydropower generator group to the target device, C queue，i，j represents the queuing delay of the jth data packet of the i-th hydropower generator in the network device, C proc,i，j DJ represents the processing delay of the jth data packet by the i-th device. i represents the distance from the i-th hydropower generating unit to the target device, V prop Indicates the propagation speed; N devices Indicates the total number of network devices in the area, N packets，i represents the total number of packets processed by the ith network device, N packets Indicates the total number of packets of all network devices; S loss Indicates the packet loss rate, E error Indicates the packet error rate.

6. The active power protection and regulation system for generating units based on power monitoring network security according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The first correlation unit is used to calculate the regional network security risk coefficient Dwb through the following correlation formula after dimensionless processing of the regional network load coefficient Wlz, the communication delay parameter Tcd and the data integrity index Dwb: Nsx=J1*Wlz+J2*Tcd+J3*Dwb; Where J1, J2 and J3 represent the weight coefficients of the regional network load factor Wlz, the communication delay parameter Tcd and the data integrity index Dwb; Preset safety threshold Nsx threshold , and the regional network security risk coefficient Dwb and the security threshold Nsx threshold Conduct a comparative assessment to obtain a second assessment result, including: When the regional network security risk factor Dwb> security threshold Nsx threshold , indicating that the hydropower generating equipment or network equipment in the area is at risk of network attack, data leakage or transmission abnormality, and the first warning instruction is generated, including: automatically reducing the network bandwidth usage of the hydropower generating equipment in the area by 10% of the traffic load, further dynamically adjusting the bandwidth usage, and reducing the bandwidth by 5% every 5 minutes to limit the external transmission of key data until the network security risk is reduced or the bandwidth is reduced to less than 50%. For the external transmission of key control signals and sensitive data, the system will limit its total transmission volume to 80% of the original data flow. For high-risk data packets, such as packets with abnormal marks, they will be filtered first and blocked from transmission; the filtering ratio of medium-risk data packets is set to 40%. For all sensitive information and key control signals, the system will enable full-process encrypted transmission, and the AES-256 algorithm is used by default; for general information, standard AES-128 encryption is used to ensure the security of data transmission, and the remote control instruction transmission volume will be automatically reduced by 50%, and the remaining 50% is limited to local control; When the regional network security risk factor Dwb ≤ security threshold Nsx threshold , indicating that there is no risk of cyber attack, data leakage or transmission abnormality for the hydropower generating equipment or network equipment in the area, and continuous monitoring is carried out.

7. The active power protection and regulation system for generating units based on power monitoring network security according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The unit dynamic protection module includes a speed adjustment acquisition unit, a unit stability monitoring unit, an emergency shut-off valve response acquisition unit and a second associated unit; The speed regulation acquisition unit is used to monitor the speed adjustment error information and the inertia time of the speed regulation system of the hydropower generator set in real time after the first regulation unit of the power system is adjusted, and obtain the speed adjustment coefficient Tzs by calculating through the following formula: In the formula, K p Represents the proportional gain coefficient, which is used to adjust the proportional part of the speed error and control the difference between the actual speed and the target speed. N opt represents the optimal speed, N represents the actual speed, (N opt -N) indicates the actual adjustment speed error, Indicates the integral part of the error, indicating the accumulation of speed error over time, reflecting the cumulative effect of long-term error, K d Represents the differential gain coefficient, which is used to adjust the rate of error change and control the dynamic response of speed change. Indicates the rate of change of error, indicates the speed of change of speed error, and affects the dynamic response of the system; It indicates the rate of change of the tailwater level, reflecting the influence of the change of the tailwater level over time on the speed regulation. a indicates the tailwater level adjustment coefficient, δ indicates the inertia time constant adjustment coefficient, T inertia It represents the inertia time constant of the speed control system of the hydropower generator set, and the response time of the system to the speed change; The unit stability monitoring unit is used to monitor the speed attenuation rate, tailwater length and rotational inertia of the hydropower generator set after the first regulating unit of the power system is adjusted, and obtain the unit stability factor Gwd by calculating through the following formula: Where, λN is the speed decay rate of the hydropower generator set, N opt represents the optimal speed, N represents the actual speed, T inertia Indicates the time taken for adjustment, L tail Indicates the length of the tailwater channel of the hydropower generator set, L max It represents the maximum length of the tailwater channel of the hydropower generator unit, I wheel Represents the moment of inertia of the hydropower generator set, I max represents the maximum value of the moment of inertia; A1, A2 and A3 represent weight coefficients.

8. The active power protection and regulation system for generating units based on power monitoring network security according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The emergency shut-off valve response acquisition unit is used to collect the time information of the emergency shut-off valve of the hydropower generator set, so as to calculate the emergency shut-off valve response time Gfxt by the following formula: Where, T open Indicates the valve opening time, which means the time required from receiving the opening signal to the valve fully opening; T close represents the valve closing time, which means the time required from receiving the closing signal to the valve being completely closed. δ represents the delay adjustment coefficient, which is set to a constant less than 1. V max Indicates the maximum flow rate when the valve is fully open, V current Indicates the actual flow rate of the valve when receiving the command; The second correlation unit is used to calculate the calibration index Jzx by the following correlation formula after dimensionless processing of the speed adjustment coefficient Tzs, the unit stability coefficient Gwd and the emergency shut-off valve response time Gfxt: Jzx=J4*Tzs+J5*Gwd+J6*Gfxt; Wherein, J4, J5 and J6 represent the weight coefficients of the speed adjustment coefficient Tzs, the unit stability coefficient Gwd and the emergency shut-off valve response time Gfxt.

9. The active power protection and regulation system for generating units based on power monitoring network security according to claim 8, characterized in that: The unit dynamic protection module also includes a correction unit; The correction unit is used to preset an error threshold Z, and compare the calibration index Jzx with the error threshold Z to determine whether the error adjusted by the first adjustment unit exceeds the error threshold Z, so as to perform error correction, including: When the calibration index Jzx>error threshold Z, it means that the error between the first adjustment strategy and the second adjustment strategy exceeds the preset error threshold Z allowable range, the adjusted system performance is unqualified, and further error correction and adjustment are required, including: after correcting the first adjustment strategy, to generate a third adjustment strategy, including: based on the formula η=η opt *(1-k*(NN opt ) 2 );Adjust the actual speed N of the hydroelectric generator set so that N=N opt ; And according to the actual water head H and water flow Q, adjust the valve guide vane opening angle by 15-20%; After the second adjustment strategy is corrected, a fourth adjustment strategy is generated, including: adjusting the valve guide vane opening angle to be reduced by 15%-20% according to the actual water head H and water flow Q; When the calibration index Jzx≤error threshold Z, it indicates that the performance of the adjusted system is qualified and no further error correction and adjustment is required, and the system continues to operate according to the first adjustment strategy and the second adjustment strategy.

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