Hydraulic crushing equipment for ores

Abstract

The hydraulic crushing equipment comprises a controller, an upper crushing layer, a middle crushing layer and a lower crushing layer, the upper crushing layer, the middle crushing layer and the lower crushing layer are sequentially and slidably connected from top to bottom, each crushing layer comprises a gear ring, a gear, an eccentric ring, a fixed ring, a hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic rod and a movable block, and high-pressure hydraulic oil is injected into the hydraulic cylinder through an external hydraulic system; the hydraulic rods and the moving blocks are pushed to conduct multi-angle extrusion crushing on ore, the pressure sensors monitor pressure changes in the hydraulic cylinders in real time, the controller automatically adjusts the working pressure of the hydraulic cylinders according to the data, it is ensured that the pressure in the crushing process is always in the optimal state, and the tapered fixing ring design is adopted; ores are gradually compressed and refined in the crushing process, the step-by-step crushing effect is achieved, the control system can automatically generate the optimal crushing path, each hydraulic cylinder automatically adjusts the pressure according to path planning, and the high efficiency and accuracy of the crushing process are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a hydraulic crushing device for ore, in particular to a hydraulic crushing device for ore applied in the technical field of ore crushing. Background Art

[0002] In the fields of mining, metallurgical industry and building materials processing, ore crushing is a crucial process. Traditional ore crushing equipment mainly relies on mechanical extrusion, impact or shearing for crushing, and has problems such as low crushing efficiency, high energy consumption, high noise and high dust. With the development of industrial technology, the requirements for ore crushing equipment are getting higher and higher, especially in terms of crushing accuracy, energy utilization efficiency, environmental protection and other aspects. Higher standards have been put forward.

[0003] Chinese invention patent CN109046529B discloses a crusher with high efficiency and controllable ore particle size, including a crusher box, an outer cover, a feed trough, a first hydraulic pump, a second hydraulic pump, a first crushing plate, a second crushing plate, a first motor, an annular guide rail, a crushing cylinder and other components. Crushing teeth of different specifications on the outer surface of the crushing cylinder perform preliminary crushing of the ore, and the partition plays a screening role to ensure that the ore particle size meets the subsequent process requirements. The equipment mainly relies on the rotation of the crushing cylinder and the impact of the crushing teeth. The crushing method is relatively single, and it is difficult to achieve multi-angle pressure application, resulting in uneven crushing effect, prone to local stress concentration, and affecting crushing efficiency. The crushing mode of the equipment is fixed and cannot be flexibly adjusted according to the characteristics of the ore and the crushing requirements, which limits its application scenarios. Due to the lack of an intelligent control system, the equipment cannot automatically adjust the pressure according to the actual situation of the ore, resulting in energy waste and increased operating costs.

[0004] Chinese invention patent CN116422399B discloses a crusher, including a crusher box, a feed inlet, a discharge port, a water inlet main pipe, a water inlet branch pipe, a limit frame, a hydraulic cylinder, a protective sleeve, a straight sleeve ring and other components. By installing a protective sleeve on the outside of the hydraulic cylinder and arranging a rotatable straight sleeve ring between the hydraulic push rod and the protective sleeve, the damage to the hydraulic system by ore crushing slag and mud-water mixture is effectively avoided. In order to protect the hydraulic system, the equipment adds a plurality of protective components, resulting in a complex overall structure, increased manufacturing cost and maintenance difficulty. The equipment mainly relies on the extension and retraction of the hydraulic push rod for crushing. The crushing method is relatively simple, and it is difficult to achieve multi-angle pressure application, resulting in low crushing efficiency. In particular, when processing ores with higher hardness, the crushing effect is not ideal. Although the dust problem is reduced by the water inlet system, there is still a problem of high noise, which has a certain impact on the working environment. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to improve crushing efficiency, optimize energy utilization, enhance operational flexibility and improve working environment.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a hydraulic crushing device for ore, comprising a controller and an upper crushing layer, a middle crushing layer and a lower crushing layer which are slidably connected in sequence from top to bottom, and a top cover and a bottom cover are fixedly connected to the top end of the upper crushing layer and the bottom end of the lower crushing layer respectively;

[0007] The upper crushing layer, the middle crushing layer and the lower crushing layer all include a gear ring, the outer end of the gear ring is meshed with a gear, the inner wall of the gear ring is fixedly connected to an eccentric ring, the eccentric ring is fixedly connected to a fixed ring, a plurality of hydraulic cylinders are fixedly connected to the fixed ring, a hydraulic rod is slidably connected to the hydraulic cylinder, a moving block is fixedly connected to the end of the hydraulic rod away from the hydraulic cylinder through a thread, a fixed ring is slidably connected between the plurality of moving blocks, the top and bottom ends of the fixed ring are fixedly connected to the top cover and the bottom cover respectively, pressure sensors are arranged in the plurality of hydraulic cylinders, and the pressure sensors are electrically connected to the controller, and the upper crushing layer, the middle crushing layer and the lower crushing layer can, under the control of the controller, perform independent or coordinated sliding movements in the horizontal direction to meet the crushing needs of ores of different particle sizes.

[0008] In the above-mentioned hydraulic crushing equipment for ore, static pressure is applied at multiple angles to overcome the limitations of the traditional unidirectional pressure crushing method, so that the stress distribution inside the ore is more uniform, crack extension is increased, and crushing efficiency is improved. Especially when processing ores with higher hardness, the crushing limit can be reached faster. The controller monitors the pressure changes in each hydraulic cylinder in real time. The controller automatically adjusts the working pressure of the hydraulic cylinder according to these data to ensure that the pressure in the crushing process is always in the best state, reducing unnecessary energy waste and reducing operating costs. It provides a variety of crushing mode selection functions, such as static crushing, dynamic crushing, impact crushing, etc. The operator can choose the appropriate mode according to the characteristics of the ore and the crushing requirements, which improves the adaptability and flexibility of the equipment. The static pressure crushing effectively reduces the generation of noise and dust, provides a more environmentally friendly working environment, and protects the health of the operator. Through the tapered conical fixed ring design, the ore is gradually compressed and refined during the crushing process, forming a step-by-step crushing effect. The upper crushing layer is responsible for coarse crushing, the middle crushing layer is responsible for medium crushing, and the lower crushing layer is responsible for fine crushing, ensuring that the ore can be fully processed at each stage, and finally obtaining a uniform and qualified crushed product.

[0009] The fixed ring includes multiple fixed blocks, the ends of the multiple fixed blocks that are far away from each other are all arc structures, the upper ends of the ends of the multiple fixed blocks that are close to each other are all chamfered, and the multiple fixed blocks are distributed in a circular array. The arc structure and chamfer design make the inner wall of the fixed ring form a gradually shrinking conical space, which helps to gradually compress and refine the ore during the crushing process.

[0010] The ends of the multiple hydraulic cylinders close to the fixed ring are connected to the external hydraulic system through hydraulic pipes, the external hydraulic system is electrically connected to the controller, and breathing holes are provided between the ends of the multiple hydraulic cylinders away from the fixed ring and the hydraulic rods. The controller can automatically adjust the working pressure of each hydraulic cylinder using the external hydraulic system according to the feedback from the pressure sensor.

[0011] The length of the moving block on the upper crushing layer is one third of the length of the moving block on the middle crushing layer, and the length of the moving block on the middle crushing layer is one third of the length of the moving block on the lower crushing layer. The upper crushing layer is responsible for coarse crushing, the middle crushing layer is responsible for medium crushing, and the lower crushing layer is responsible for fine crushing, forming a step-by-step crushing effect.

[0012] The moving blocks on the upper and middle crushing layers and the moving blocks on the middle and lower crushing layers are all connected by dovetail sliding connection. The top cover and the bottom cover are respectively provided with a feed port and a discharge port, and a plurality of hydraulic pipes pass through the bottom cover.

[0013] The multiple eccentric rings are all eccentric structures, and the eccentric structures are circular.

[0014] The outer ends of the upper crushing layer, the middle crushing layer and the lower crushing layer are provided with a same shell, and the top end and the bottom end of the shell are respectively fixedly connected with a top bracket and a bottom bracket.

[0015] The inner wall of the top bracket is fixedly connected to the outer end of the top cover, the bottom bracket is fixedly connected to the outer end of the bottom cover, and motors are fixedly connected to positions corresponding to the multiple gears on the shell.

[0016] The motor power shaft is fixedly connected to the corresponding gear, and the motor power shaft is rotationally connected to the housing.

[0017] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. By applying static pressure from multiple different angles, the stress distribution inside the ore can be made more uniform. Traditional unidirectional pressure may lead to local stress concentration and limit the crushing effect. Multi-angle pressure distribution can better utilize the cracks and weaknesses inside the ore and promote more uniform crushing. This uniform stress distribution not only improves the crushing efficiency, but also reduces local damage to the ore, ensuring the quality of the final product.

[0019] 2. Applying static pressure at multiple angles can increase the number and length of cracks inside the ore. When pressure is applied from different directions, new cracks are more likely to form and expand, making it easier for the ore to be broken into smaller particles. This crack expansion mechanism not only improves the crushing efficiency, but also reduces the presence of large pieces of ore and reduces the difficulty of subsequent processing.

[0020] 3. The traditional unidirectional pressure crushing method may cause a lot of energy waste, because part of the energy will be absorbed by the elastic deformation of the ore. Applying static pressure at multiple angles can more effectively convert energy into crushing work and reduce energy loss. In addition, the controller automatically adjusts the working pressure of each hydraulic cylinder according to the feedback of the pressure sensor, which further optimizes energy utilization and reduces operating costs.

[0021] 4. Applying static pressure at multiple angles can improve crushing efficiency, especially when processing ores with higher hardness. This multi-directional pressure can better overcome the compressive strength of the ore and make it reach the crushing limit faster. The step-by-step crushing design ensures that the ore can be fully processed at each stage, gradually reducing the particle size, and finally obtaining a uniform and compliant crushed product. This efficient crushing method not only saves time, but also improves production efficiency.

[0022] 5. Users can use the controller to achieve a variety of crushing modes, such as static crushing, dynamic crushing, impact crushing, etc. Operators can choose the appropriate mode according to the characteristics of the ore and the crushing requirements. The mode switching is completed quickly through the control system, which improves the flexibility and adaptability of the equipment. This flexibility enables the equipment to cope with different types of ores and meet diversified production needs.

[0023] 6. Static pressure crushing effectively reduces the generation of noise and dust, providing a more environmentally friendly working environment. Compared with traditional crushing equipment, this equipment significantly reduces the noise and dust generated during the crushing process, improves the working environment, and protects the health of operators. In addition, multiple moving blocks can move independently and autonomously, which can effectively prevent materials from getting stuck and improve the safety and reliability of equipment operation. Even if larger ore blocks are encountered during the crushing process, the moving blocks can flexibly adjust their positions to avoid the occurrence of material jamming and ensure the continuous operation of the equipment.

[0024] 7. Through the design of step-by-step crushing, the ore can be fully processed in each crushing layer, the particle size is gradually reduced, and finally a uniform and qualified crushed product is obtained. The upper crushing layer is responsible for coarse crushing, mainly processing ores with larger particle sizes, and initially crushing the ore into smaller blocks; the middle crushing layer is responsible for medium crushing, further refining the ore blocks processed by the upper crushing layer to achieve medium particle size; the lower crushing layer is responsible for fine crushing, and finally crushes the ore into the required fine particles. This step-by-step crushing design ensures that the ore can be properly processed at each stage, avoids over-crushing or under-crushing, and improves the quality of the final product.

[0025] 8. The combination of the controller and the external hydraulic system realizes automatic control. The pressure sensor monitors the pressure changes in each hydraulic cylinder in real time. The controller automatically adjusts the working pressure of each hydraulic cylinder based on these data to ensure that the pressure in the crushing process is always in the best state. This dynamic adjustment can not only improve the crushing efficiency, but also reduce unnecessary energy waste. In addition, through sensors and controllers, the position and shape of the ore are monitored in real time, and the optimal crushing path is automatically generated. Each hydraulic cylinder automatically adjusts the pressure according to the path planning to ensure the efficiency and accuracy of the crushing process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is the overall structure diagram of this application;

[0027] Figure 2 This is an overall exploded view of this application;

[0028] Figure 3 Partial explosion for this application Figure 1 ;

[0029] Figure 4 Partial explosion for this application Figure 2 ;

[0030] Figure 5 Partial explosion for this application Figure 3 ;

[0031] Figure 6 Partial explosion for this application Figure 4 ;

[0032] Figure 7 This is the front view of the application;

[0033] Figure 8 For this application Figure 7 Middle AA section view;

[0034] Fig. 9 For this application Figure 8 Middle BB section view;

[0035] Fig.10 For this application Figure 8 Enlarged view of point C in the middle;

[0036] Fig.11 For this application Fig. 9 Enlarged view of point D in the middle;

[0037] Fig.12 This is the appearance structure diagram of this application.

[0038] Description of the numbers in the figure:

[0039] 1. Upper crushing layer; 2. Middle crushing layer; 3. Lower crushing layer; 4. Top cover; 5. Bottom cover; 6. Gear ring; 7. Gear; 8. Eccentric ring; 9. Fixed ring; 10. Hydraulic cylinder; 11. Hydraulic rod; 12. Moving block; 13. Fixed ring; 14. Fixed block; 15. Hydraulic pipe; 16. Shell; 17. Top bracket; 18. Bottom bracket; 19. Motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] Three embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] Embodiment 1:

[0042] like Figures 1 to 12 As shown, this embodiment relates to a hydraulic crushing device for ore, and its main components include:

[0043] The controller, as the control center of the entire system, is responsible for receiving data from the pressure sensor and adjusting the working state of each hydraulic cylinder 10 according to the data. It can also control the working mode and parameters of the external hydraulic system.

[0044] The three crushing layers, upper crushing layer 1, middle crushing layer 2 and lower crushing layer 3, are connected by sliding in sequence from top to bottom. Each crushing layer contains the same internal structure to ensure that it can slide horizontally independently or in coordination. This design enables the equipment to adapt to the crushing needs of ores of different particle sizes.

[0045] The top cover 4 and the bottom cover 5 are respectively fixed to the top of the upper crushing layer 1 and the bottom of the lower crushing layer 3 to provide a closed space for the entire crushing process, and are connected to each moving block 12 through a fixing ring 13 to ensure that materials will not leak during the crushing process.

[0046] The gear ring 6 is located at the outer periphery of each crushing layer and is meshed with the gear 7 . The rotation of the gear ring 6 drives the rotation of the eccentric ring 8 , thereby affecting the pressure distribution in the hydraulic cylinder 10 .

[0047] The gear 7 is fixedly connected to the power shaft of the motor 19 and is driven to rotate by the motor 19. The cooperation between the gear 7 and the gear ring 6 realizes the rotation of the crushing layer.

[0048] The eccentric ring 8 is a circular eccentric structure 6, and a fixing ring 9 is fixedly connected to the inner wall. The rotation of the eccentric ring 8 will change the position of the hydraulic cylinder 10, thereby applying uneven pressure to the ore, which is helpful to find the weak points of the ore.

[0049] The fixing ring 9 is fixed on the inner side of the eccentric ring 8 , and supports and fixes a plurality of hydraulic cylinders 10 .

[0050] The hydraulic cylinder 10 is installed inside the fixing ring 9. A pressure sensor is provided in each hydraulic cylinder 10 to monitor the internal pressure change. The end of the hydraulic cylinder 10 close to the fixing ring 9 is connected to the external hydraulic system through a hydraulic pipe 15, while the end away from the fixing ring 9 is provided with a breathing hole between the hydraulic rod 11 to ensure the normal flow of hydraulic oil.

[0051] The hydraulic rod 11 is slidably connected in the hydraulic cylinder 10, and one end is fixedly connected to the moving block 12 through a thread. The extension and retraction of the hydraulic rod 11 directly acts on the ore to achieve the crushing function.

[0052] The moving block 12 is connected to the hydraulic rod 11 through a thread, and can slide along the fixed ring 13 under the push of the hydraulic rod 11 to apply pressure to the ore. The multiple moving blocks 12 are also slidably connected to each other to ensure that they can move synchronously.

[0053] The fixed ring 13 is located between the plurality of moving blocks 12, and the top and bottom ends are fixedly connected to the top cover 4 and the bottom cover 5 respectively, so as to provide a sliding path for the moving blocks 12 and keep the overall structure of the crushing layer stable.

[0054] The external hydraulic system is electrically connected to the controller and provides high-pressure hydraulic oil to each hydraulic cylinder 10 according to the instructions issued by the controller. The system also includes auxiliary components such as an oil pump, an oil tank, and a filter to ensure the cleanliness and stable supply of the hydraulic oil.

[0055] A pressure sensor is installed in each hydraulic cylinder 10 to monitor the pressure changes in the hydraulic cylinder 10 in real time and feed the data back to the controller. The controller automatically adjusts the working pressure of each hydraulic cylinder 10 based on the data to ensure the efficiency and safety of the crushing process.

[0056] The motor 19 is fixed on the housing 16, and the power shaft is fixedly connected to the gear 7. The motor 19 drives the gear ring 6 to rotate through the gear 7, thereby driving the eccentric ring 8 and the fixed ring 9 to rotate, and finally the hydraulic cylinder 10 and the moving block 12 apply multi-angle pressure to the ore.

[0057] Working process

[0058] The operator puts the ore to be crushed into the feed port on the top cover 4, and the ore falls into the top of the upper crushing layer 1, ready to receive preliminary crushing treatment.

[0059] When the ore enters the crushing area, the external hydraulic system starts to work, and high-pressure hydraulic oil is injected into the hydraulic cylinders 10 in the upper crushing layer 1, the middle crushing layer 2 and the lower crushing layer 3 through the hydraulic pipe 15. The hydraulic oil pushes the hydraulic rod 11 outward, thereby pushing the moving block 12 to apply pressure to the ore.

[0060] The pressure sensor monitors the pressure changes in each hydraulic cylinder 10 in real time. If the pressure of a hydraulic cylinder 10 suddenly drops, it may mean that the ore is more fragile at this location. After receiving this information, the controller will increase the pressure of the corresponding hydraulic cylinder 10 through the external hydraulic system and use the moving block 12 at this position to crush the ore in a targeted manner, thereby improving the crushing efficiency.

[0061] During the crushing process, the motor 19 drives the gear 7 to rotate, and the gear 7 drives the gear ring 6 to rotate. Since the eccentric ring 8 is a circular eccentric structure 6, the corresponding multiple hydraulic cylinders 10 will be squeezed in sequence during the rotation process. In this way, the multiple moving blocks 12 will apply pressure to the ore in sequence to form a multi-angle pressure distribution, which is helpful to distribute the stress more evenly, find the weak points of the ore, and cyclically apply pressure for crushing.

[0062] The controller continuously adjusts the working pressure of each hydraulic cylinder 10 according to the feedback from the pressure sensor to ensure that the pressure during the crushing process is always in the optimal state. This dynamic adjustment can not only improve the crushing efficiency, but also reduce unnecessary energy waste.

[0063] In some cases, the operator can choose to fix one or two of the upper crushing layer 1, the middle crushing layer 2 or the lower crushing layer 3, and then use the crushing layer that is not fixed to crush the ore. For example, the upper crushing layer 1 and the middle crushing layer 2 can be fixed, and only the lower crushing layer 3 can be used to finely crush the ore. This flexible operation method can be adjusted according to the characteristics of the ore and the crushing requirements to improve the crushing effect.

[0064] Users can select different crushing modes through the controller, such as static crushing, dynamic crushing, impact crushing, etc. Static crushing is suitable for softer ores, dynamic crushing is suitable for ores with moderate hardness, and impact crushing is suitable for ores with higher hardness. The controller will automatically adjust the working parameters of the hydraulic system according to the selected mode to ensure the best crushing effect.

[0065] Through the control system, operators can quickly switch between different crushing modes, improving the flexibility and adaptability of the equipment.

[0066] By applying static pressure from multiple different angles, the stress distribution inside the ore can be made more uniform1. Traditional unidirectional pressure may cause local stress concentration and limit the crushing effect. Multi-angle pressure distribution can better utilize the cracks and weaknesses inside the ore, promote more uniform crushing, reduce local damage to the ore, and improve the overall crushing quality.

[0067] Applying static pressure at multiple angles can increase the number and length of cracks inside the ore6. When pressure is applied from different directions, new cracks are more likely to form and expand, making it easier for the ore to be broken into smaller particles. This crack expansion mechanism not only improves the crushing efficiency, but also reduces the presence of large pieces of ore and reduces the difficulty of subsequent processing.

[0068] The traditional unidirectional pressure crushing method may cause a lot of energy waste because part of the energy will be absorbed by the elastic deformation of the ore. Applying static pressure at multiple angles can more effectively convert energy into crushing work and reduce energy loss. 3. In addition, the controller automatically adjusts the working pressure of each hydraulic cylinder 10 according to the feedback from the pressure sensor, which further optimizes energy utilization and reduces operating costs.

[0069] Applying static pressure at multiple angles can improve crushing efficiency, especially when processing ores with higher hardness. This multi-directional pressure can better overcome the compressive strength of the ore and enable it to reach the crushing limit faster1. At the same time, the coordinated work between the crushing layers can achieve step-by-step crushing, ensuring that the ore can be fully crushed at each stage and ultimately obtain the desired particle size.

[0070] Users can use the controller to achieve a variety of crushing modes, such as static crushing, dynamic crushing, impact crushing, etc. Operators can choose the appropriate mode according to the characteristics of the ore and the crushing requirements. The mode switching is completed quickly through the control system, which improves the flexibility and adaptability of the equipment1. This flexibility enables the equipment to cope with different types of ores and meet diverse production needs.

[0071] Static pressure crushing effectively reduces the generation of noise and dust, providing a more environmentally friendly working environment. 5. Compared with traditional crushing equipment, the noise and dust generated by this equipment during the crushing process are significantly reduced, which improves the working environment and protects the health of operators.

[0072] Multiple moving blocks 12 can move independently and autonomously, which can effectively prevent materials from getting stuck, thereby improving the safety and reliability of equipment operation. Even if larger ore blocks are encountered during the crushing process, the moving blocks 12 can also flexibly adjust their positions to avoid material jamming and ensure continuous operation of the equipment.

[0073] This embodiment provides an efficient, flexible and environmentally friendly ore hydraulic crushing solution, which is suitable for the crushing needs of various ore types. Through multi-angle pressure application, dynamic pressure adjustment, multiple crushing mode selection, and environmental protection and safety features, this equipment not only improves the crushing efficiency, but also reduces operating costs and improves the working environment. It has broad application prospects.

[0074] Embodiment 2:

[0075] like Figures 1 to 12 As shown, based on Example 1, this embodiment further optimizes the structure of the fixed ring 13. Specifically, the fixed ring 13 is composed of a plurality of fixed blocks 14, which are distributed in a circular array. The end of each fixed block 14 that is away from each other is designed as an arc structure, and the upper end of the end that is close to each other is chamfered. This design allows the inner wall of the fixed ring 13 to form a tapered space, which helps to gradually compress and refine the ore during the crushing process.

[0076] The multiple fixed blocks 14 ensure that the ore can be gradually compressed along a fixed path during the crushing process through their arc structure and chamfer design. The arc structure reduces the friction between the ore and the fixed blocks 14 and reduces energy loss, while the chamfer helps the ore to smoothly enter the next crushing stage.

[0077] The tapered conical space formed on the inner wall of the fixed ring 13 allows the ore to be gradually compressed during the crushing process and the particle size to gradually decrease. This design not only improves the crushing efficiency, but also ensures a smooth transition of the ore between different crushing layers and avoids the occurrence of material jamming.

[0078] In order to achieve the effect of step-by-step crushing, this embodiment optimizes the length of the moving blocks 12 on different crushing layers:

[0079] The length of the moving block 12 of the upper crushing layer 1 is one third of the length of the moving block 12 of the middle crushing layer 2, which means that the upper crushing layer 1 is responsible for coarse crushing, mainly processing larger particle size ores, and preliminarily crushing the ores into smaller blocks.

[0080] The length of the moving block 12 of the middle crushing layer 2 is one third of the length of the upper moving block 12 of the lower crushing layer 3. The middle crushing layer 2 is responsible for medium crushing, further refining the ore blocks processed by the upper crushing layer 1 to achieve medium particle size.

[0081] The moving blocks 12 of the lower crushing layer 3 are the longest and are responsible for fine crushing, ultimately crushing the ore into the required fine particles.

[0082] This step-by-step crushing design ensures that the ore can be fully processed in each crushing layer, the particle size is gradually reduced, and finally a uniform and qualified crushed product is obtained.

[0083] In order to improve the stability and flexibility during the crushing process, the present embodiment adopts dovetail sliding connection between the upper crushing layer 1 and the middle crushing layer 2, and between the moving blocks 12 between the middle crushing layer 2 and the lower crushing layer 3. This connection mode has the following advantages:

[0084] The dovetail sliding connection ensures that the moving block 12 will not deflect or get stuck during the sliding process, thereby maintaining the stability of the crushing process.

[0085] The dovetail design allows the moving block 12 to slide freely within a certain range, adapting to ores of different shapes and sizes, thereby enhancing the adaptability of the equipment.

[0086] Due to the special structure of the dovetail sliding connection, even if a larger ore block is encountered during the crushing process, the moving block 12 can flexibly adjust its position to avoid the occurrence of material jamming.

[0087] In addition, a feed port and a discharge port are respectively provided on the top cover 4 and the bottom cover 5 to ensure that the ore can smoothly enter and discharge the crushing equipment. A plurality of hydraulic pipes 15 all pass through the bottom cover 5 to ensure the normal operation of the hydraulic system.

[0088] Working process

[0089] The operator puts the ore to be crushed into the feed port on the top cover 4, and the ore falls into the top of the upper crushing layer 1, ready to receive preliminary crushing treatment.

[0090] The ore is first coarsely crushed in the upper crushing layer 1. Since the moving blocks 12 of the upper crushing layer 1 are shorter, they can quickly exert greater pressure on the ore and initially crush the ore into smaller blocks. At this time, the tapered conical space of the fixed ring 13 begins to play a role. The ore is gradually compressed during the crushing process, and the particle size gradually decreases.

[0091] After coarse crushing, the ore enters the medium crushing layer 2. The moving block 12 of the medium crushing layer 2 has a moderate length and can further refine the ore to a medium particle size. The conical space of the fixed ring 13 continues to compress the ore to ensure that it enters the next level of crushing smoothly.

[0092] Finally, the ore enters the lower crushing layer 3. The moving block 12 of the lower crushing layer 3 is the longest and is responsible for fine crushing, eventually crushing the ore into the required fine particles. The conical space of the fixed ring 13 is further reduced at this stage to ensure that the ore is completely crushed and reaches the final particle size requirement.

[0093] During the entire crushing process, the dovetail sliding connection between the moving blocks 12 ensures their stability and flexibility when sliding. This connection method not only improves the crushing efficiency, but also effectively prevents the occurrence of material jamming.

[0094] The pressure sensor monitors the pressure changes in each hydraulic cylinder 10 in real time. The controller automatically adjusts the working pressure of each hydraulic cylinder 10 based on these data to ensure that the pressure during the crushing process is always in the optimal state. This dynamic adjustment can not only improve the crushing efficiency, but also reduce unnecessary energy waste.

[0095] Users can select different crushing modes through the controller, such as static crushing, dynamic crushing, impact crushing, etc. The controller will automatically adjust the working parameters of the hydraulic system according to the selected mode to ensure the best crushing effect. The mode switching is completed quickly through the control system, which improves the flexibility and adaptability of the equipment.

[0096] The tapered conical space formed on the inner wall of the fixed ring 13 allows the ore to be gradually compressed during the crushing process, and the particle size gradually decreases. This design not only improves the crushing efficiency, but also ensures a smooth transition of the ore between different crushing layers, avoiding the occurrence of material jamming13.

[0097] The arc structure reduces the friction between the ore and the fixed block 14, reduces energy loss, and improves energy utilization efficiency. The chamfer design helps the ore to smoothly enter the next crushing stage, further improving the crushing efficiency.

[0098] Through the design of step-by-step crushing, the ore can be fully processed in each crushing layer, the particle size is gradually reduced, and finally a uniform and qualified crushed product is obtained. The upper crushing layer 1 is responsible for coarse crushing, the middle crushing layer 2 is responsible for medium crushing, and the lower crushing layer 3 is responsible for fine crushing, forming a complete crushing chain 4.

[0099] The step-by-step crushing design ensures that the ore is properly processed at each stage, avoiding over-crushing or under-crushing and improving the quality of the final product.

[0100] The dovetail sliding connection ensures that the moving block 12 will not deviate or get stuck during the sliding process, maintaining the stability of the crushing process. This connection method not only improves the crushing efficiency, but also extends the service life of the equipment5.

[0101] The dovetail design allows the moving block 12 to slide freely within a certain range to adapt to ores of different shapes and sizes, thereby enhancing the adaptability of the equipment. Even if larger ore blocks are encountered during the crushing process, the moving block 12 can flexibly adjust its position to avoid material jamming.

[0102] Due to the special structure of the dovetail sliding connection, even if larger ore blocks are encountered during the crushing process, the moving block 12 can flexibly adjust its position to avoid the occurrence of material jamming, which not only improves the crushing efficiency but also ensures the safe operation of the equipment 12.

[0103] The multiple moving blocks 12 can move independently and autonomously, which can effectively prevent materials from getting stuck, improve the safety and reliability of equipment operation, and even in extreme cases, the equipment can maintain continuous operation and reduce downtime.

[0104] This embodiment significantly improves the crushing effect and working efficiency of the ore hydraulic crushing equipment by optimizing the structure of the fixed ring 13, adjusting the length of the moving block 12 and adopting a dovetail sliding connection. The tapered conical space allows the ore to be gradually compressed and refined during the crushing process. The step-by-step crushing design ensures that the ore can be fully processed at each stage, and ultimately a uniform and qualified crushed product is obtained. The dovetail sliding connection not only improves the stability and flexibility of the crushing process, but also effectively prevents the occurrence of material jamming, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the equipment. These improvements enable the equipment to perform well in processing different types of ores and has broad application prospects.

[0105] Embodiment 3:

[0106] like Figures 1 to 12 As shown, this embodiment further optimizes the mechanical structure of the hydraulic crushing equipment on the basis of Embodiments 1 and 2, especially the design of the housing and the bracket. Specifically:

[0107] The outer ends of the upper crushing layer 1, the middle crushing layer 2 and the lower crushing layer 3 are provided with a same shell 16, which provides a protective shell for the entire device to prevent the external environment from affecting the internal components, and also improves the overall appearance and safety of the device.

[0108] The top and bottom ends of the shell 16 are fixedly connected with a top bracket 17 and a bottom bracket 18 respectively. The inner wall of the top bracket 17 is fixedly connected to the outer end of the top cover 4 to ensure the stability of the top cover 4; the bottom bracket 18 is fixedly connected to the outer end of the bottom cover 5 to ensure the firmness of the bottom cover 5. This design not only enhances the overall structural strength of the equipment, but also provides a reliable support point for the installation of the equipment.

[0109] In order to realize the rotation of the crushing layer and the multi-angle pressure application, in this embodiment, multiple motors 19 are installed on the housing 16, and the power shafts of these motors are fixedly connected to the corresponding gears 7. Specifically:

[0110] Motors 19 are fixedly connected to the positions on the shell 16 corresponding to the multiple gears 7. The power shaft of each motor 19 is fixedly connected to the corresponding gear 7. The gear 7 drives the gear ring 6 to rotate, which in turn drives the eccentric ring 8 and the fixed ring 9 to rotate. The power shafts of the motors 19 are rotatably connected to the shell 16 to ensure that they can rotate freely without affecting the normal operation of the equipment.

[0111] The gear 7 is meshed and connected with the gear ring 6 and is driven to rotate by the motor 19. The rotation of the gear 7 drives the rotation of the gear ring 6, which in turn squeezes the eccentric ring 8 and the fixed ring 9 in turn, thereby achieving multi-angle pressure application.

[0112] The design of the shell 16, top bracket 17 and bottom bracket 18 makes the installation of the equipment easier. The operator can first install the shell 16 in place, then install the top bracket 17 and bottom bracket 18 in sequence, and finally fix the top cover 4 and bottom cover 5 in the corresponding positions. This modular design not only simplifies the installation process, but also facilitates subsequent maintenance and overhaul.

[0113] If the equipment needs to be maintained or parts need to be replaced, the operator only needs to loosen the connecting bolts of the top bracket 17 and the bottom bracket 18 to easily remove the top cover 4 and the bottom cover 5, so as to facilitate the inspection of the internal hydraulic system, sensors and other key components.

[0114] Working process

[0115] The operator puts the ore to be crushed into the feed port on the top cover 4, and the ore falls into the top of the upper crushing layer 1, ready to receive preliminary crushing treatment.

[0116] When the ore enters the crushing area, the external hydraulic system starts to work, and high-pressure hydraulic oil is injected into the hydraulic cylinders 10 in the upper crushing layer 1, the middle crushing layer 2 and the lower crushing layer 3 through the hydraulic pipe 15. The hydraulic oil pushes the hydraulic rod 11 outward, thereby pushing the moving block 12 to apply pressure to the ore.

[0117] The pressure sensor monitors the pressure changes in each hydraulic cylinder 10 in real time. If the pressure of a hydraulic cylinder 10 suddenly drops, it may mean that the ore is more fragile at this location. After receiving this information, the controller will increase the pressure of the corresponding hydraulic cylinder 10 through the external hydraulic system and use the moving block 12 at this position to crush the ore in a targeted manner, thereby improving the crushing efficiency.

[0118] During the crushing process, the motor 19 drives the gear 7 to rotate, and the gear 7 drives the gear ring 6 to rotate. Since the eccentric ring 8 is a circular eccentric structure, the corresponding multiple hydraulic cylinders 10 will be squeezed in turn during the rotation process, so that the multiple moving blocks 12 will apply pressure to the ore in turn, forming a multi-angle pressure distribution. This design helps to distribute stress more evenly, find the weak points of the ore, and cyclically apply pressure for crushing.

[0119] The controller continuously adjusts the working pressure of each hydraulic cylinder 10 according to the feedback from the pressure sensor to ensure that the pressure during the crushing process is always in the optimal state. This dynamic adjustment can not only improve the crushing efficiency, but also reduce unnecessary energy waste.

[0120] In some cases, the operator can choose to fix one or two of the upper crushing layer 1, the middle crushing layer 2 or the lower crushing layer 3, and then use the crushing layer that is not fixed to crush the ore. For example, the upper crushing layer 1 and the middle crushing layer 2 can be fixed, and only the lower crushing layer 3 can be used to finely crush the ore. This flexible operation method can be adjusted according to the characteristics of the ore and the crushing requirements to improve the crushing effect.

[0121] Users can select different crushing modes through the controller, such as static crushing, dynamic crushing, impact crushing, etc. The controller will automatically adjust the working parameters of the hydraulic system according to the selected mode to ensure the best crushing effect. The mode switching is completed quickly through the control system, which improves the flexibility and adaptability of the equipment.

[0122] Through sensors and controllers, the weak points of the ore are monitored in real time, and the best crushing path is automatically generated. Each hydraulic cylinder 10 automatically adjusts the pressure according to the path planning to ensure the efficiency and accuracy of the crushing process.

[0123] The design of the shell 16, the top bracket 17 and the bottom bracket 18 significantly enhances the overall structural strength of the equipment, ensuring the stability of the equipment under high-load working conditions. The fixed connection between the top bracket 17 and the bottom bracket 18 makes the top cover 4 and the bottom cover 5 more secure, avoiding possible shaking or displacement during the crushing process.

[0124] The shell 16 provides a closed protective space for the equipment to prevent the external environment from affecting the internal components, while also protecting the safety of the operator. Even if an unexpected situation occurs during the operation of the equipment, the shell 16 can effectively isolate the danger and avoid harm to the operator.

[0125] The modular design of the shell 16, top bracket 17 and bottom bracket 18 makes the installation of the equipment easier, reducing installation time and cost. At the same time, this design is also convenient for subsequent maintenance and overhaul. The operator can easily remove the top cover 4 and the bottom cover 5 to check the key components inside.

[0126] If the equipment needs to be maintained or parts need to be replaced, the operator only needs to loosen the connecting bolts of the top bracket 17 and the bottom bracket 18 to easily remove the top cover 4 and the bottom cover 5, which is convenient for checking the hydraulic system, sensors and other components, thereby improving maintenance efficiency.

[0127] The traditional unidirectional pressure crushing method may cause a lot of energy waste because part of the energy will be absorbed by the elastic deformation of the ore. Applying static pressure at multiple angles can more effectively convert energy into crushing work and reduce energy loss. In addition, the controller automatically adjusts the working pressure of each hydraulic cylinder 10 according to the feedback from the pressure sensor, further optimizing energy utilization and reducing operating costs.

[0128] Applying static pressure at multiple angles can improve crushing efficiency, especially when processing ores with higher hardness. This multi-directional pressure can better overcome the compressive strength of the ore and make it reach the crushing limit faster. The step-by-step crushing design ensures that the ore can be fully processed at each stage, gradually reducing the particle size, and finally obtaining a uniform and qualified crushed product.

[0129] Static pressure crushing effectively reduces the generation of noise and dust, providing a more environmentally friendly working environment. Compared with traditional crushing equipment, this equipment significantly reduces the noise and dust generated during the crushing process, improves the working environment, and protects the health of operators.

[0130] The multiple moving blocks 12 can move independently and autonomously, which can effectively prevent materials from getting stuck, thereby improving the safety and reliability of equipment operation. Even if larger ore blocks are encountered during the crushing process, the moving blocks 12 can also flexibly adjust their positions to avoid material jamming and ensure continuous operation of the equipment.

[0131] This embodiment significantly enhances the overall structural strength and safety of the hydraulic crushing equipment by introducing the structural design of the shell 16, the top support 17 and the bottom support 18. The shell 16 provides a closed protective space for the equipment to prevent the external environment from affecting the internal components, while also protecting the safety of the operator. The fixed connection between the motor 19 and the gear 7 realizes the rotation of the crushing layer and the application of multi-angle pressure, further improving the crushing efficiency. The modular design makes the installation and maintenance of the equipment easier, reduces the installation time and cost, and is also convenient for later maintenance and replacement of parts. These improvements enable the equipment to perform well in processing different types of ores and have broad application prospects.

[0132] When in use, the ore to be crushed is put in from the feed port on the top cover 4, and then high-pressure hydraulic oil is introduced into the upper crushing layer 1, the middle crushing layer 2 and the lower crushing layer 3 in sequence through external hydraulic equipment. The hydraulic oil pushes the hydraulic rod 11 and the moving block 12 to squeeze and crush the ore. The ore is squeezed from multiple angles. During this process, the pressure sensor detects the pressure change in each hydraulic cylinder 10 in real time. When it is detected that one or more pressures are reduced, it can be determined that the ore is the most fragile at this point. The hydraulic system continuously provides pressure to the corresponding hydraulic cylinder 10, and the moving block 12 at this position is used to crush the ore in a targeted manner.

[0133] In the above process, the gear 7 is driven by the gear ring 6, and the gear 7 further drives the corresponding eccentric ring 8 and the fixed ring 9 to rotate. Since the eccentric ring 8 is an eccentric structure, the eccentric ring 8 causes the corresponding multiple hydraulic cylinders 10 to be squeezed in sequence during the rotation process, so that the multiple moving blocks 12 squeeze the ore in sequence, which is convenient for finding the weak points of the ore, and the cyclic application of pressure for crushing can crush the ore from multiple angles;

[0134] At the same time, during use, one or two of the upper crushing layer 1, the middle crushing layer 2 or the lower crushing layer 3 can be used to fix the ore, and then the ore can be crushed by using one or two crushing layers that are not involved in the locking;

[0135] During the ore crushing process, the pressure of each moving block 12 on the ore can be independently adjusted through the controller and the external hydraulic system to reduce unnecessary energy waste.

[0136] Uniform stress distribution: By applying static pressure from multiple different angles, the stress distribution inside the ore can be made more uniform. Traditional unidirectional pressure may lead to local stress concentration, thereby limiting the crushing effect. Multi-angle pressure distribution can better utilize the cracks and weaknesses inside the ore and promote more uniform crushing.

[0137] Increase crack extension. Applying static pressure at multiple angles can increase the number and length of cracks inside the ore. When pressure is applied from different directions, new cracks are more likely to form and expand, making the ore easier to break into smaller particles.

[0138] Reduce energy waste. The traditional unidirectional pressure crushing method may result in a large amount of energy waste because part of the energy will be absorbed by the elastic deformation of the ore. Applying static pressure at multiple angles can more effectively convert energy into crushing work and reduce energy loss.

[0139] Improve crushing efficiency. Applying static pressure at multiple angles can improve crushing efficiency, especially when processing ores with higher hardness. This multi-directional pressure can better overcome the compressive strength of the ore and make it reach the crushing limit faster.

[0140] During use, the user can realize a variety of crushing modes through the controller, such as static crushing, dynamic crushing, impact crushing, etc. The operator can choose the appropriate mode according to the characteristics of the ore and crushing requirements.

[0141] Mode switching: quickly switch the crushing mode through the control system to improve the flexibility and adaptability of the equipment.

[0142] Each hydraulic cylinder 10 can apply pressure to the ore at different angles and positions, and the hydraulic cylinders 10 are connected by a linkage mechanism to ensure synchronous application of pressure.

[0143] Through sensors and controllers, the position and shape of the ore are monitored in real time, and the best crushing path is automatically generated. Each hydraulic cylinder 10 automatically adjusts the pressure according to the path planning;

[0144] The upper crushing layer 1, the middle crushing layer 2 and the lower crushing layer 3 are respectively the primary unit for coarse crushing, the secondary unit for fine crushing and the final unit for fine crushing. The ore passes through multiple crushing units in turn, and each unit is adjusted according to the crushing conditions of the ore to ensure that the final product reaches the required particle size.

[0145] The generation of noise and dust can be effectively reduced by static pressure crushing, and the multiple moving blocks 12 can move independently and autonomously, which can effectively prevent material jamming.

[0146] In view of current practical needs, the above-mentioned implementation mode adopted in this application is not limited to the scope of protection. Various changes made within the knowledge scope of technical personnel in this field without departing from the concept of this application still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydraulic crushing device for ore, characterized in that: It comprises a controller and an upper crushing layer (1), a middle crushing layer (2) and a lower crushing layer (3) which are slidably connected in sequence from top to bottom, wherein the top end of the upper crushing layer (1) and the bottom end of the lower crushing layer (3) are respectively fixedly connected with a top cover (4) and a bottom cover (5); The upper crushing layer (1), the middle crushing layer (2) and the lower crushing layer (3) all comprise a gear ring (6), the outer end of the gear ring (6) is meshingly connected with a gear (7), the inner wall of the gear ring (6) is fixedly connected with an eccentric ring (8), the interior of the eccentric ring (8) is fixedly connected with a fixed ring (9), the interior of the fixed ring (9) is fixedly connected with a plurality of hydraulic cylinders (10), the interior of the hydraulic cylinder (10) is slidably connected with a hydraulic rod (11), and the end of the hydraulic rod (11) away from the hydraulic cylinder (10) is fixedly connected with a movable rod through a thread. A plurality of movable blocks (12) are slidably connected with a fixed ring (13), the top and bottom ends of the fixed ring (13) are fixedly connected to the top cover (4) and the bottom cover (5) respectively, and pressure sensors are provided in the plurality of hydraulic cylinders (10), and the pressure sensors are electrically connected to the controller. The upper crushing layer (1), the middle crushing layer (2) and the lower crushing layer (3) can slide independently or cooperatively in the horizontal direction under the control of the controller to meet the crushing requirements of ores of different particle sizes.

2. A hydraulic crushing device for ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing ring (13) comprises a plurality of fixing blocks (14), the ends of the fixing blocks (14) being away from each other are all arc structures, the upper ends of the ends of the fixing blocks (14) being close to each other are all chamfered, the fixing blocks (14) are distributed in a circular array, and the arc structure and chamfer design enable the inner wall of the fixing ring (13) to form a gradually shrinking conical space, which helps the ore to be gradually compressed and refined during the crushing process.

3. A hydraulic crushing device for ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ends of the plurality of hydraulic cylinders (10) close to the fixing ring (9) are connected to an external hydraulic system through a hydraulic pipe (15); the external hydraulic system is electrically connected to a controller; breathing holes are provided between the ends of the plurality of hydraulic cylinders (10) away from the fixing ring (9) and the hydraulic rod (11); and the controller can automatically adjust the working pressure of each hydraulic cylinder (10) by using the external hydraulic system according to feedback from a pressure sensor.

4. A hydraulic crushing device for ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the moving block (12) on the upper crushing layer (1) is one third of the length of the moving block (12) on the middle crushing layer (2), and the length of the moving block (12) on the middle crushing layer (2) is one third of the length of the moving block (12) on the lower crushing layer (3), so that the upper crushing layer (1) is responsible for coarse crushing, the middle crushing layer (2) is responsible for medium crushing, and the lower crushing layer (3) is responsible for fine crushing, thereby forming a step-by-step crushing effect.

5. A hydraulic crushing device for ore according to claim 3, characterized in that: The moving blocks (12) on the upper crushing layer (1) and the middle crushing layer (2), as well as the moving blocks (12) on the middle crushing layer (2) and the lower crushing layer (3) are all connected in a sliding manner via dovetail joints; a feed inlet and a discharge inlet are respectively provided on the top cover (4) and the bottom cover (5); and the plurality of hydraulic pipes (15) all penetrate the bottom cover (5).

6. A hydraulic crushing device for ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of eccentric rings (8) are all eccentric structures, and the eccentric structures are circular.

7. A hydraulic crushing device for ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer ends of the upper crushing layer (1), the middle crushing layer (2) and the lower crushing layer (3) are provided with a same shell (16), and the top and bottom ends of the shell (16) are respectively fixedly connected with a top bracket (17) and a bottom bracket (18).

8. A hydraulic crushing device for ore according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner wall of the top bracket (17) is fixedly connected to the outer end of the top cover (4), the bottom bracket (18) is fixedly connected to the outer end of the bottom cover (5), and motors (19) are fixedly connected to positions on the housing (16) corresponding to the plurality of gears (7).

9. A hydraulic crushing device for ore according to claim 7, characterized in that: The power shaft of the motor (19) is fixedly connected to the corresponding gear (7), and the power shaft of the motor (19) is rotationally connected to the housing (16).

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