A method and system for ecological comprehensive treatment of aquaculture wastewater

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage purification and treatment, and discloses an ecological comprehensive treatment method and system for aquaculture wastewater. The method comprises the following steps: placing a plurality of factory-prefabricated hollow composite filler balls in a sieve-type purification filter dam assembly unit of an ecological purification filter dam, filtering particulate matter in the aquaculture wastewater through filter holes of different diameters arranged at multiple locations of the sieve-type purification filter dam assembly unit, and uniformly mixing and filling composite fillers in proportion inside the hollow composite filler balls. When wastewater flows in, the wastewater is filtered, nitrified and denitrified, pollutants and harmful substances are degraded and precipitated through an autotrophic-heterotrophic denitrification process of iron-carbon micro-electrolysis coupling and a solid carbon source and microorganisms, and the wastewater is subjected to comprehensive ecological purification treatment, such as efficient removal of solid particulate matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and antibiotics in the aquaculture wastewater, and discharge or recycling in compliance with standards, thereby greatly simplifying the treatment process and system, and also reducing the construction and operation and maintenance costs of the entire system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of sewage purification and treatment, and specifically relates to an ecological comprehensive treatment method and system for aquaculture wastewater. Background Art

[0002] Aquaculture wastewater (also known as tail water) refers to the polluted water caused by residual bait, excrement of aquatic animals and plants, and the addition of Chinese and Western medicines during the aquaculture process. Aquaculture wastewater will produce ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, organic matter, phosphorus and harmful microorganisms. If it is not treated in a timely and effective manner, it will not only deteriorate the environment of the aquaculture waters, but also cause outbreaks of diseases and even large-scale deaths of fish, shrimps and crabs, directly leading to a decline in the quality and output of aquaculture products and polluting the environment.

[0003] Among the aquaculture wastewater treatment technologies that are being vigorously promoted in my country, the most common treatment processes include the "three pools and two dams" treatment process and the artificial wetland treatment process, all of which include the treatment link of the filter dam. Among them, the most commonly used "three pools and two dams" treatment mode has a main process including: ecological ditch-sedimentation tank-filter dam-aeration tank-filter dam-ecological purification tank. This mode is based on the construction and upgrading of pond engineering (separating the inlet and outlet water), using physical and biological ecological methods to treat aquaculture wastewater in an ecological way to achieve recycling or standard discharge. The filter dam is located between the sedimentation tank and the aeration tank, and between the aeration tank and the ecological tank. It is composed of various filter materials and is mainly used to adsorb and remove solid particle pollutants in wastewater to improve the effluent water quality. The traditional filter dam, also known as the ecological filter dam, is a water environment purification device developed and derived from the combination of artificial wetlands and rapid infiltration principles. It is a dam body built with gravel, biological filter materials, etc. without affecting the flood flow of rivers and lakes. It has the function of purifying water quality and removing solid particles. However, in the existing process, the filter dam can only process solid particles with a particle size greater than 100μm, which only accounts for about 10% of all particles. In addition, the biofilm growth process in the biological filter material is prone to blockage, and the workload of replacing the filter material is huge, which makes the filter dam lose its function and cannot achieve the effect of tailwater treatment. Moreover, relying solely on gravel and biological filter material for filtration makes the tailwater treatment effect poor. Therefore, the traditional filter dam has a complex structure, a large construction workload, a single filter material filled in the dam body and easy to clog, and it is difficult to replace and clean the filter material, which greatly affects the efficiency and effect of wastewater treatment. The traditional "three pools and two dams" aquaculture wastewater treatment process also has the disadvantages of large land occupation, large engineering construction, difficult material replacement, low treatment efficiency, poor impact load resistance, multiple process flows, and high operating costs.

[0004] For example, the Chinese utility model patent with application number CN202223475831.3 discloses a three-tank and two-dam aquaculture tailwater ecological treatment system, including a sedimentation tank, a filter dam, an aeration tank, a dynamic membrane filter dam, and an ecological tank; wherein the aquaculture tailwater enters the sedimentation tank through the ecological ditch 1; the sedimentation tank outlet flows into the filter dam along the upper port; the filter dam outlet enters the aeration tank along the bottom area port; the aeration tank outlet enters the bottom of the dynamic membrane filter dam inlet side; the dynamic membrane filter dam outlet enters the ecological tank; after the ecological tank outlet, it enters the ecological ditch 2 for discharge. The system includes a three-tank and two-dam structure, the three tanks are specifically a sedimentation tank, an aeration tank, and an ecological tank, and the two dams are a filter dam and a dynamic membrane filter dam. The Chinese invention application document CN108178447A discloses a shrimp aquaculture tailwater treatment system, which is also based on a similar process and has a complex structure, and includes a pair of ecological ditches for preliminary purification of aquaculture tailwater, a sedimentation tank for precipitating and removing particulate solids in the aquaculture tailwater that has been preliminary purified by the ecological ditch, a filter dam for filtering solid particles in the aquaculture tailwater that has been precipitated in the sedimentation tank, an aeration tank for aerating the aquaculture tailwater that has been filtered and treated by the filter dam, a biological purification tank that uses fungi and animals to remove harmful substances, algae, etc. in the aquaculture tailwater that has been aerated in the aeration tank, and an artificial wetland that can effectively degrade pollutants and harmful substances in the aquaculture tailwater that has been purified in the biological purification tank. In addition, Chinese invention patent document CN111727926A also discloses a system and method for biological ecological purification and recycling of aquaculture pollution, which includes an aquatic ecological breeding pond, a biological sedimentation tank, a dual-media biological filter, a deep ecological purification pond, an internal circulation ecological ditch, a water purification activation pool and a disinfection pool that are connected in sequence. The breeding water is purified by physical, chemical and biological ecological purification methods, so that the breeding water is recycled, and the residual bait, excrement, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter and residual fish medicine in the breeding water are effectively controlled and removed. The bottom mud discharged from the biological sedimentation tank is repaired and then used in farmland or orchard. However, the functional pools and pipelines involved in the above-mentioned patent technologies are very many, the land area is relatively large, the construction amount of the building project is large, and the later operation and maintenance costs are high, which cannot meet the needs of the aquaculture industry and need to be redesigned or significantly improved. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new and improved ecological comprehensive treatment method and system for aquaculture wastewater in view of the deficiencies in the prior art, aiming to solve the problems of complex filter dam structure, large engineering construction volume, single function, difficulty in replacing and cleaning filter materials, etc. under the mode of combining traditional processes such as "three pools and two dams" with traditional engineering facilities. A new factory-prefabricated hollow composite filler ball and screen-type purification filter dam assembly unit are designed, which only requires a water diversion channel to form an ecological purification filter dam, greatly simplifying the structure of the treatment system, and at the same time greatly expanding the function of the filter dam and simplifying the treatment process, so that the ecological purification filter dam has the ability to grade and filter solid particles of different particle sizes in the water body, intercept large particles, adsorb small particles, and then filter them in the screen-type purification filter dam. The comprehensive purification treatment of pollutants such as electrolysis, microbial degradation, and sedimentation is completed in the chemical filter dam assembly unit, and this newly designed scheme has two operating modes: when operating in independent mode, only one functional water diversion channel is required, and there is no need to set up separate sedimentation tanks, aeration tanks, ecological tanks and other treatment facilities. It occupies a small area, has a small amount of construction work, and has low later operation and maintenance costs, which can meet the diversified needs of the aquaculture industry such as cost reduction and efficiency improvement; when operating in improved mode, the ecological purification filter dam is used to replace the traditional filter dam in situ on the basis of the existing "three pools and two dams", so as to achieve functional expansion and greatly improve the treatment efficiency, so that the overall nitrogen and phosphorus removal capabilities of the three pools and two dams are enhanced, without the need for major reconstruction or reconstruction of existing process facilities.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for ecological comprehensive treatment of aquaculture wastewater, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: placing a plurality of factory-prefabricated hollow composite filler balls in a sieve-type purification filter dam assembly unit of an ecological purification filter dam, filtering particulate matter in the aquaculture wastewater by filter holes of different diameters arranged at multiple locations of the sieve-type purification filter dam assembly unit, and uniformly mixing and filling composite fillers in proportion inside the hollow composite filler balls; when wastewater flows in, filtering, nitrifying and denitrifying, degrading pollutants and harmful substances and precipitating the wastewater through iron-carbon micro-electrolysis coupling, autotrophic-heterotrophic denitrification process of solid carbon source and microorganisms, and simultaneously and efficiently removing solid particulate matter, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and antibiotics in the aquaculture wastewater, and discharging or recycling the wastewater after meeting the standards; the hollow composite filler balls comprise hollow hollow spherical shells and composite fillers; the composite fillers are filled in a spherical space formed inside the hollow hollow spherical shells; the composite fillers comprise long strips of iron filings, spherical ceramsite and solid carbon source mixed in a set proportion.

[0008] The hollow spherical shell is composed of two hemispheres buckled up and down, and a spherical space with a diameter of not less than 4.0 cm is formed inside after buckling; the hollow spherical shell is provided with a plurality of hollow through holes with a length and width of not more than 500 μm in the thickness direction, and the hollow through holes only allow solid particles with a smaller particle size to enter the composite filler, be filtered, adsorbed, electrolyzed or decomposed by microorganisms, and perform microbial purification; large particles are blocked by the L-shaped baffle outside the sphere and precipitate downward, so that they cannot enter the sphere. The invention discloses a composite filler which is a kind of composite filler and a kind of composite filler. The composite filler comprises a long iron filing, a spherical ceramsite and a solid carbon source in a volume ratio of 1: (1-3): (1-3); the length of the long iron filing is 10-30 mm, the particle size of the spherical ceramsite is 10-45 mm, and the solid carbon source is one or more of polybutylene succinate, polylactic acid and polycaprolactone with a TOC release rate of 0.070±0.002 mg / (g·d).

[0009] The sieve-type purification filter dam assembly unit comprises: a sieve-type purification filter box and a plurality of stuffing boxes; the sieve-type purification filter box comprises: a rectangular frame wall, an L-shaped baffle, and a rectangular frame bracket; the rectangular frame wall is composed of a vertical shell front side wall, a shell rear side wall, a shell left side wall, and a shell right side wall, and the upper and lower sides of the inner space of the rectangular frame wall formed by the four side walls are open; a strip-shaped water inlet groove is horizontally provided at a position near the upper end surface of the shell front side wall, and a strip-shaped water outlet groove is horizontally provided at a position near the upper end surface of the shell rear side wall;

[0010] The rectangular frame bracket is horizontally and centrally arranged inside the rectangular frame wall, and its left and right end surfaces are respectively arranged on the inner side surfaces of the left side wall and the right side wall of the shell, and its front end faces inwardly away from the inner side surface of the front side wall of the shell, and the rear end surface is flush with the inner side surface of the rear side wall of the shell;

[0011] The L-shaped baffle is a metal flat plate with an L-shaped cross section, and its vertical panel is a solid plate, and its left and right sides are respectively arranged on the inner side surfaces of the left and right side walls of the rectangular frame surrounding wall, and a water inlet cavity is formed between the front end surface of the vertical panel and the inner side surface of the front side wall of the rectangular frame surrounding wall shell, and a water outlet cavity is formed between the rear end surface and the inner side surface of the rear side wall of the shell; the horizontal panel of the L-shaped baffle is a hollow plate, provided with a plurality of guide holes, and horizontally suspended in the rectangular frame surrounding wall;

[0012] The stuffing box is in the shape of a hollow rectangular box, and a plurality of filter holes are arranged on the other five end faces except the upper end face, and a plurality of hollow composite stuffing balls are filled in the hollow position inside the stuffing box, and the diameter of each filter hole is smaller than the diameter of the hollow composite stuffing ball and also smaller than the diameter of the diversion hole;

[0013] The upper end of each stuffing box faces upward, and is detachably inserted vertically into the interior of the rectangular frame bracket, and is supported and fixed by the rectangular frame bracket.

[0014] The method for ecological comprehensive treatment of aquaculture wastewater is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0015] S1. Prefabricate a plurality of composite fillers, hollow composite filler balls, filler boxes, and separate sieve-type purification filter boxes in batches in a factory, fill the composite fillers into the hollow composite filler balls, and then fill the plurality of hollow composite filler balls into the filler boxes;

[0016] S2. Deliver multiple sieve-type purification filter boxes and stuffing boxes to the site, insert multiple stuffing boxes into the rectangular frame bracket of each sieve-type purification filter box in sequence, and the bottom surface of the stuffing box contacts and is supported by the upper end surface of the L-shaped baffle horizontal panel to form an independent sieve-type filter dam assembly unit;

[0017] S3, assembling a plurality of independent sieve-type filter dam units, setting them at intervals in the water diversion channel for ecological comprehensive treatment of aquaculture wastewater, and arranging them longitudinally in sequence along the water flow direction to form an ecological purification filter dam;

[0018] S4. Allow the aquaculture wastewater to flow into the ecological purification filter dam, control the aquaculture wastewater to flow from the water inlet into each independent sieve filter dam assembly unit in sequence, and control the flow rate and flow rate so that the aquaculture wastewater is fully in contact with the composite filler, and allow the aquaculture wastewater to flow through each sieve filter dam assembly unit in the entire ecological purification filter dam and stay and be treated for no less than 2 hours before being discharged from the outlet;

[0019] Among them, when the aquaculture wastewater flows into the first sieve filter dam assembly unit, the aquaculture wastewater first enters the water inlet cavity through the water inlet trough from the outside, goes down under the obstruction of the vertical panel of the L-shaped baffle, and enters the water outlet cavity from the diversion hole of the horizontal panel. The pollutants therein contact and react with the composite filler in the filler box, and are filtered, electrolyzed and decomposed by microorganisms, and then flow out from the water outlet trough and enter the second sieve filter dam assembly unit for purification treatment, and so on, until it passes through the last sieve filter dam assembly unit. The total time for passing through all the sieve filter dam assembly units is not less than 2 hours; in this process, solid pollutants with a diameter greater than 100μm in the aquaculture wastewater are filtered and blocked outside the water outlet cavity by the diversion holes; the solid pollutants formed by the wastewater entering the water outlet cavity and the hollow composite filler balls of the filler box after reacting with the composite filler are precipitated into the space at the bottom of the horizontal panel through the diversion holes.

[0020] S5. Test the effluent quality of the last sieve filter dam assembly unit. If it meets the standard, discharge it normally. If it does not meet the standard, increase the number of sieve filter dam assembly units, extend the longitudinal length of the entire ecological purification filter dam and the treatment time of aquaculture wastewater in the ecological purification filter dam until the water quality discharge standard requirements are met.

[0021] An ecological integrated treatment system for aquaculture wastewater, characterized in that it is used to implement the aforementioned ecological integrated treatment method for aquaculture wastewater, and comprises: an aquaculture pool, a water channel, and a plurality of sieve-type filter dam assembly units; the aquaculture pool and the water channel are interconnected, and a plurality of factory-prefabricated sieve-type filter dam assembly units are longitudinally arranged in the water channel in sequence and spaced apart to form an ecological purification filter dam, which together purifies the wastewater flowing into the water channel;

[0022] Each of the sieve-type filter dam assembly units comprises a sieve-type purification filter box and a plurality of stuffing boxes prepared in batches in a factory, each stuffing box is filled with a plurality of hollow composite stuffing balls, and each hollow composite stuffing ball is filled with composite stuffing;

[0023] The hollow composite filler ball is a hollow sphere with a diameter of not less than 5.0 cm, and the hollow hollow spherical shell is two hemispheres of plastic material buckled up and down, and a spherical space with a diameter of not less than 4.0 cm is formed inside after buckling; the hollow hollow spherical shell is provided with a plurality of hollow through holes with a length and a width not greater than 500 μm; the mixing ratio of the long strip iron filings, spherical ceramsite and solid carbon source of the composite filler is 1: (1-3): (1-3) by volume; the length range of the long strip iron filings is 10-30 mm, the particle size range of the spherical ceramsite is 10-45 mm, and the particle size range of the spherical solid carbon source is 300-400 μm.

[0024] The cross section of the water channel is rectangular and matches with the screen-type purification filter box, and the water inlet and the water outlet are respectively connected with the aquaculture pond or the external water body.

[0025] The sieve type purification filter box comprises a rectangular frame wall, an L-shaped baffle, and a rectangular frame bracket; the internal space between the vertical panel of the L-shaped baffle and the front side wall of the shell of the rectangular frame wall forms a water inlet chamber; the internal space between the vertical panel and the rear side wall of the shell of the rectangular frame wall forms a water outlet chamber, and the volume ratio of the water inlet chamber to the water outlet chamber is 1:4; the horizontal height of the water inlet trough and the water outlet trough is the same; the distance between the horizontal panel of the L-shaped baffle and the ground is not less than 20% of the height of the side wall of the rectangular frame wall;

[0026] The upper end face of the stuffing box is detachably connected to other end faces. After disassembly, the hollow composite stuffing balls are filled into the interior through the opening corresponding to the end face. A handle is also provided on the upper end face for easy operation.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The ecological comprehensive treatment method and system of aquaculture wastewater provided by the present invention, through the simultaneous improvement and simplification of the treatment system and process, introduces hollow composite filler balls, composite fillers and sieve-type purification filter dam assembly units to form dams on demand, breaking through the single filtering function of traditional filter dams, through the coordination of the sieve-type purification filter dam assembly units composed of newly designed modular, standardized, factory-prefabricated hollow composite filler balls, filler boxes, and sieve-type purification filter boxes, for newly constructed projects, only water diversion channels need to be built on site to form an ecological purification filter dam, including multi-stage treatment processes and processes, and can operate independently; the ecological purification filter dam is capable of graded filtration of solid particles of different particle sizes in the water body, interception of large particles, and adsorption of small particles, and then completes comprehensive purification treatments such as electrolysis of pollutants, microbial degradation, and precipitation in the sieve-type purification filter dam assembly unit, through the coupling of iron-carbon micro-electrolysis, the autotrophic-heterotrophic denitrification process of solid carbon sources and microorganisms, especially based on the coupling of iron-carbon micro-electrolysis and solid carbon sources for microbial autotrophic-heterotrophic denitrification Synergistic efficiency has greatly improved the efficiency of nitrogen removal and phosphorus removal, greatly simplified the structure of the treatment system, and at the same time greatly expanded the function of the filter dam, simplified the treatment process, and improved the purification treatment efficiency and effect. There is no need to set up separate sedimentation tanks, aeration tanks, ecological pools and other treatment facilities. Only a functional water channel is needed, which occupies a small area, has a small amount of construction work, and has low later operation and maintenance costs. It has better solved the problems of purification treatment system, large amount of construction work, single function, and difficulty in replacing and cleaning filter materials under the traditional process and engineering facility model of "three pools and two dams", and can meet the diversified needs of the aquaculture industry such as cost reduction and efficiency improvement. In addition, the ecological purification filter dam is also suitable for improving the existing traditional "three pools and two dams" process and engineering projects. The ecological purification filter dam is set at an appropriate position in the "three pools and two dams" and replaces the traditional filter dam in situ, which greatly enhances the process treatment capacity of the corresponding part, and greatly improves the overall treatment efficiency of the existing "three pools and two dams" without the need for major reconstruction or reconstruction.

[0029] 2. The ecological comprehensive treatment method and system of aquaculture wastewater provided by the present invention adopts a combination of a water diversion channel and a plurality of modularly designed and factory-batch manufactured sieve-type purification filter dam assembly units to achieve ecological comprehensive purification treatment of aquaculture wastewater; the water diversion channel can be set near an aquaculture pond or between two aquaculture ponds as needed, and its length and depth can be freely selected according to the treatment time of the wastewater to be treated; at the same time, the number and spacing of the sieve-type purification filter dam assembly units set in the water diversion channel can also be freely increased or decreased according to the physical and chemical properties of the wastewater to be treated, the treatment time and the treatment efficiency requirements, so as to ensure that the effluent water quality meets the standard requirements; the entire treatment system has few facilities and equipment, and each sieve-type purification filter dam assembly unit can be freely adjusted and flexibly replaced. For the sieve-type purification filter dam assembly unit with significantly reduced treatment efficiency, it can be directly taken out as a whole, returned to the factory for cleaning, replacement of composite fillers, etc., and then put back into the water diversion channel for recycling, which greatly reduces the construction and operation and maintenance costs of the entire system.

[0030] 3. The ecological comprehensive treatment method and system for aquaculture wastewater provided by the present invention can adopt an independent operation mode for newly built projects according to the purification needs of aquaculture wastewater, with flexible dam assembly, flexible splicing, and cyclic purification. Only one ecological purification filter dam with flexible adjustable length, depth and treatment efficiency can be used to complete the same treatment process as the traditional three-tank two-dam system. In addition, it can also synergize the autotrophic-heterotrophic denitrification of microorganisms based on iron-carbon micro-electrolysis coupling and solid carbon source, thereby completing the comprehensive ecological purification treatment of filtration, adsorption, electrolysis, nitrification and denitrification of wastewater, microbial degradation of pollutants and harmful substances and precipitation within each sieve-type purification filter dam assembly unit, and simultaneously removing solid particulate matter, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), antibiotics, etc. in aquaculture wastewater, completely solving the problems of traditional treatment facilities and processes in terms of nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency, structural complexity, maintenance difficulty and cost-effectiveness.

[0031] 4. The ecological comprehensive treatment method and system for aquaculture wastewater provided by the present invention adopts a uniquely designed hollow composite filler ball, a composite filler and a filler box, and a sieve-type purification filter box. On the one hand, it can grade and filter large and small particles in the water body, and the large particles are blocked by the L-shaped baffle plate on the outside and precipitated on the bottom of the sieve-type purification filter box. On the other hand, the small particles entering the filler box and the hollow composite filler ball are subjected to ecological comprehensive purification treatment such as adsorption, electrolysis, degradation and precipitation in sequence. When the wastewater is treated by a multi-stage process alone, there is no need to set up separate treatment facilities such as sedimentation tanks and biochemical tanks. The hollow through holes in the hollow composite filler balls and the hollow hollow spherical shells are conducive to the rapid biofilm formation of microorganisms, so that the micro-electrolysis coupling and the microbial autotrophic-heterotrophic denitrification are synergistically enhanced, thereby greatly improving the degradation and precipitation treatment efficiency of pollutants by microorganisms and shortening the purification treatment time.

[0032] 5. The ecological comprehensive treatment method and system for aquaculture wastewater provided by the present invention has various parts of the sieve-type purification filter box, which are modularly designed and prefabricated in batches in the factory. When in use, they can be directly installed in the water channel in a detachable manner, so that when the purification treatment efficiency drops significantly after a certain period of use, they can be taken out as a whole and returned to the factory for cleaning, updating, etc.; the stuffing box, hollow composite stuffing balls and composite stuffing designed by the present invention are all mass-produced in the factory, and the user can directly insert them into the sieve-type purification filter box; similarly, when the treatment efficiency drops, only the stuffing box and the hollow composite stuffing balls can be taken out, returned to the factory for cleaning and replacement of the composite stuffing, and then filled back into the sieve-type purification filter box after the treatment efficiency is restored, without the need to retrieve the sieve-type purification filter box as a whole, which greatly reduces the operation and maintenance costs of the system. A handle is provided on the upper end surface of the stuffing box for easy manual removal or reinstallation, which is convenient to use.

[0033] 6. The ecological integrated treatment method and system for aquaculture wastewater provided by the present invention is based on the principle of multi-level filtration, iron-carbon micro-electrolysis coupled with solid carbon source to achieve synergistic efficiency of microbial autotrophic-heterotrophic denitrification, and organically combines new composite fillers, hollow composite filler balls, and sieve-type purification filter boxes with flexible adjustable numbers, and ecological purification filter dams with flexible adjustable lengths and water flow directions. On the one hand, it greatly integrates various ecological purification treatment processes and achieves a significant improvement in the efficiency of nitrogen removal and phosphorus removal. On the other hand, it also greatly reduces the construction and operation and maintenance costs of the entire system, solving the important technical problems that are currently urgently needed to be solved in the aquaculture industry.

[0034] 7. The ecological comprehensive treatment method and system for aquaculture wastewater provided by the present invention have two hemispherical surfaces of the hollow shell of the hollow composite filler ball, which are plastic parts manufactured by mold injection molding. They have a long service life and will not cause harm to the environment, and the cost of batch manufacturing is low; the hollow through holes on the hollow shell surface are of moderate size, and there are numerous capillaries between the composite fillers inside and they are interconnected, which together provide a good ecological environment for the attachment and growth of microorganisms, which is suitable for the rapid growth of microorganisms and high film hanging efficiency; a large gap can be retained between the multiple hollow composite filler balls filled in the filler box, which is conducive to the full contact between the wastewater flow and the composite filler, and at the same time, the aging film is easy to fall off during backwashing and aeration, which can extend the service life of the composite filler. The hollow composite filler ball of the present invention is uniformly filled with hollow composite filler balls made of iron filings, spherical ceramsite, solid carbon source, bacterial agent, etc. These hollow composite filler balls have a synergistic effect with microorganisms, and through the synergy between iron-carbon micro-electrolysis reaction, autotrophic denitrification, and heterotrophic denitrification, nitrogen and phosphorus are rapidly removed and the effluent water quality is improved. Among them, the iron filings and spherical ceramsite can form a primary battery, which generates Fe at the positive and negative poles. 2+ , Fe 3+, [H], ·OH and O·, among which ·OH and O· will destroy the structure of organic matter in water and cause it to break, Fe 2+ It will react to produce colloidal flocculants Fe(OH)2 and Fe(OH)3, reducing the turbidity of the effluent. 3+ It will react to form FePO4 precipitation, achieving the purpose of phosphorus removal; Fe2 + [H] and [H] can provide electron donors for the autotrophic denitrification process, and the solid carbon source is the electron donor for the heterotrophic denitrification process. The three purification treatment processes interact with each other, greatly improving the efficiency and effect of removing total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in aquaculture wastewater.

[0035] 8. The ecological integrated treatment method and system for aquaculture wastewater provided by the present invention, in an independent operation mode, is formed by the coordination of multiple sieve-type purification filter dam assembly units and the ecological purification filter dam formed by the on-site construction of a water diversion channel, allowing the water inlet and outlet to be swapped to change the direction of the water flow. A set of ecological purification filter dams can be used to treat wastewater in two or more aquaculture ponds at different heights and locations without the need to set up multiple ecological purification filter dams, thereby improving the flexibility and application scope of the treatment system and treatment process, and further reducing costs and increasing efficiency. In an improved operation mode, it can be used to replace the traditional filter dam in the existing three-tank and two-dam system, and it can be set between the sedimentation tank and the aeration tank, or between the aeration tank and the ecological pond, to expand functions and improve efficiency without major reconstruction or reconstruction of the existing three-tank and two-dam system, thereby achieving cost reduction and efficiency improvement.

[0036] 9. The comprehensive ecological treatment method and system for aquaculture wastewater provided by the present invention have been tested in actual operation, and the results show that it can be easily maintained in long-term operation, can effectively remove solid particle impurities in aquaculture wastewater, reduce the content of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus, degrade pollutants and harmful substances, and can also effectively kill bacteria and disinfect. The treated water quality can meet the emission standards in a long-term and stable manner, providing an efficient, economical and environmentally friendly solution for the construction of new aquaculture wastewater treatment projects and the optimization of existing projects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall top view of the ecological integrated treatment system for aquaculture wastewater according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional appearance structure of the screen type filter dam assembly unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the sieve type filter dam assembly unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a partial structural three-dimensional appearance of a sieve-type purification filter box according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a rectangular frame bracket in a sieve-type purification filter box according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the L-shaped baffle in the sieve-type purification filter box according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional appearance structure of a stuffing box according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional appearance structure of the hollow hollow spherical shell of the hollow composite filler ball according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the overall cross-sectional structure of a hollow composite filler ball and a composite filler according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the TP removal effect of Example 1 of the present invention after actual operation for 30 days;

[0048] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the TN removal effect of Example 1 of the present invention after actual operation for 30 days;

[0049] Fig.12 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall top view of the aquaculture wastewater ecological integrated treatment system in Example 5 of the present invention;

[0050] Fig.13 is a schematic diagram of the removal effect of antibiotics by a conventional filter dam in Example 6 of the present invention;

[0051] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the removal effect of antibiotics after the combined ecological purification filter dam in Example 6 of the present invention replaces the traditional filter dam.

[0052] In the figure:

[0053] A, first aquaculture pond; B, second aquaculture pond; CL, sieve type purification filter dam assembly unit;

[0054] 1. Sieve type purification filter box; 10. Rectangular frame bracket; 11. Fixed angle iron; 12. Backwash pipe; 121. Through hole; 13. Rectangular frame wall; 130. Left side wall of shell; 131. Right side wall of shell; 132. Front side wall of shell; 133. Back side wall of shell; 14. Water inlet chamber; 15. Water outlet chamber; 16. Water inlet trough; 17. Water outlet trough; 18. L-shaped baffle; 181. Vertical panel; 182. Horizontal panel; 183. Diversion hole;

[0055] 2. Stuffing box; 21. Handle; 22. Upper end surface; 23. Filter hole;

[0056] 4. Hollow composite filler ball; 41. Hollow hollow spherical shell; 42. Composite filler; 45. Iron filings; 46. Spherical ceramsite; 47. Solid carbon source; 48. Hollow through hole;

[0057] 5. Water channel, 51. Water inlet; 52. Water outlet; 53. Bottom surface of water channel; 54. Middle baffle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] Please see attached Figures 1 to 14 In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] In the following description, for the sake of clarity and simplicity, not all of the multiple components shown in the figures are described. The multiple components shown in the drawings provide a fully practicable disclosure of the present invention to those of ordinary skill in the art. The operation of many components is familiar and obvious to those skilled in the art.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] Please see attached Figures 1 to 11 This embodiment provides a method and system for ecological comprehensive treatment of aquaculture wastewater with a simple design structure, small engineering construction volume, multiple functions, convenient installation and maintenance, and high pollutant removal efficiency. Specifically, it is a new construction project for one-way purification of wastewater in an aquaculture pond. It adopts an independent operation mode. The treated wastewater that meets the standards can be discharged into other water bodies such as rivers and canals, or it can be re-input into the aquaculture pond for recycling.

[0062] See also Figure 1The aquaculture wastewater ecological integrated treatment system provided by the embodiment of the present invention is used to cooperate with the implementation of the following aquaculture wastewater ecological integrated treatment method. The treatment system includes: an aquaculture pool A, a water channel 5, and a plurality of sieve-type filter dam assembly units C, D, E, F, F, and G, each of which is arranged on the upper part of the bottom surface 53 of the water channel; the aquaculture pool A is interconnected with the water channel 5, and a plurality of factory-prefabricated sieve-type filter dam assembly units CG are longitudinally arranged in sequence in the water channel 5 to form an ecological purification filter dam, which jointly purifies the wastewater flowing into the water channel 5.

[0063] See attached Figures 2 to 9 Each sieve-type filter dam assembly unit in the CG includes a sieve-type purification filter box 1 prepared in batches in a factory and a plurality of stuffing boxes 2 inserted into the sieve-type purification filter box 1; each stuffing box 2 is filled with a plurality of hollow composite stuffing balls 4, and each hollow composite stuffing ball 4 is filled with composite stuffing;

[0064] The hollow composite filler ball 4 is a hollow sphere with a diameter of not less than 5.0 cm, and the hollow hollow spherical shell 41 is two hemispheres of plastic material prepared by injection molding buckled up and down, and a spherical space with a diameter of not less than 4.0 cm is formed inside after buckling; a plurality of fan-shaped hollow through holes 48 with a length and width of not more than 500 μm are provided on the hollow hollow spherical shell 41, and the function of the fan-shaped hollow through holes 48 is to only allow solid particle pollutants with smaller particle size in the wastewater to enter the hollow composite filler ball 4, interact with the composite filler 42, and be cleaned The soluble substances after purification are discharged into the water body, and the formed sediments are adsorbed by the composite filler or precipitated to the outside of the hollow composite filler ball 4, and pass through the filter holes 23 set on the filler box 2, and precipitate to the bottom of the sieve type purification filter box 1; while the solid particle pollutants with larger particle sizes in the wastewater are blocked by the hollow through holes 48 and cannot enter the hollow composite filler ball 4, and directly precipitate downward outside the ball without being processed by the composite filler, thereby avoiding a rapid decrease in the treatment efficiency and treatment effect of the composite filler.

[0065] The mixing ratio of the long iron filings 45, the spherical ceramsite 46 and the solid carbon source 47 of the composite filler is in the range of 1: (1-3): (1-3) by volume. The specific ratio can be selected according to the composition and concentration of pollutants in the wastewater. In this embodiment, 1:2:1.5 is specifically selected; the length of the long iron filings 45 is in the range of 10-30 mm, the particle size of the spherical ceramsite 46 is in the range of 10-45 mm, and the particle size of the solid carbon source 47 is in the range of 300-400 μm.

[0066] The water channel 5 is an upwardly opening water channel obtained by on-site construction, and its cross section is a rectangle that matches the sieve-type purification filter box 1. Its size is just enough to set the sieve-type purification filter box 1 horizontally in its internal space, and the gap between the side wall of the sieve-type purification filter box 1 and the inner wall of the water channel 5 is controlled within a smaller scale (generally within 2-5 cm); the water inlet 51 and the water outlet 52 of the water channel 5 are respectively connected to water bodies such as aquaculture ponds or external rivers and channels; specifically, they can be connected through water pumps, sluices or valves, pipelines, etc.

[0067] The sieve-type purification filter box 1 comprises a rectangular frame wall 13 made of corrosion-resistant material, an L-shaped baffle 18, and a rectangular frame bracket 10; the internal space between the vertical panel 181 of the L-shaped baffle 18 and the front side wall 132 of the shell of the rectangular frame wall 13 forms a water inlet chamber 14; the internal space between the vertical panel 181 and the rear side wall 133 of the shell of the rectangular frame wall 13 forms a water outlet chamber 15; the volume ratio of the water inlet chamber 14 to the water outlet chamber 15 in this embodiment is 1:4; the horizontal height of the water inlet trough 16 and the water outlet trough 17 is the same; the distance between the horizontal panel 182 of the L-shaped baffle 18 and the ground is not less than 20% of the height of the side wall of the rectangular frame wall 13, generally 25%.

[0068] The upper end face 22 of the stuffing box 2 is detachably connected to the other five end faces (such as snap-on or screw-on). After disassembly, the hollow composite stuffing balls 4 are filled into the interior through the opening corresponding to the upper end face 22. In order to facilitate the operation of the staff, a handle 21 is provided on the upper end face 22 for easy taking and placing operations.

[0069] The sieve type purification filter box 1 also includes a hollow backwash pipe 12 arranged on the inner side of the horizontal panel 182 of the L-shaped baffle 18, and a plurality of through holes 121 are circumferentially arranged on the side wall of the backwash pipe 12; the composite filler 42 also includes a composite bacterial agent. The system cooperates with backwashing, aeration and adding composite bacterial agents to the composite filler 42, etc., which can further improve the purification treatment efficiency and treatment effect.

[0070] A method for ecological integrated treatment of aquaculture wastewater, comprising the following steps: placing a plurality of factory-prefabricated hollow composite filler balls 4 in each sieve-type purification filter dam assembly unit C, D, E, F, F, G of an ecological purification filter dam, filtering particles in the aquaculture wastewater through filter holes 23 of different diameters arranged at multiple locations inside each sieve-type purification filter dam assembly unit, and at the same time, the hollow composite filler balls 4 are uniformly mixed and filled with composite fillers 42 in proportion, and when wastewater flows in, the autotrophic-heterotrophic denitrification process of microorganisms is induced by the coupling of iron-carbon micro-electrolysis, solid carbon source 47 and solid carbon source 48, especially based on the coupling of iron-carbon micro-electrolysis and solid carbon source 48. Synergistically enhance efficiency, filter, nitrify and denitrify wastewater, degrade pollutants and harmful substances for comprehensive ecological purification treatment, and simultaneously remove solid particles, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in aquaculture wastewater, so that the aquaculture tailwater treated by the multi-stage sieve-type purification filter dam assembly units C, D, E, F, F, G can be discharged or recycled after reaching the aquaculture tailwater discharge standard; the hollow composite filler ball 4 includes a hollow hollow spherical shell 41 and a composite filler 42; the composite filler 42 is filled in the spherical space formed inside the hollow hollow spherical shell 41; the composite filler 42 includes long strip iron filings 45, spherical ceramsite 46 and solid carbon source 47 mixed according to a set ratio. The embodiment of the present invention breaks through the single filtering function of the traditional filter dam, and can play a comprehensive purification role such as graded filtering and precipitation of large and small particles in the water body, adsorption, electrolysis, microbial degradation, and precipitation of small particles, without the need to set up separate treatment facilities such as sedimentation tanks and biochemical tanks.

[0071] Specifically, the hollow spherical shell 41 is two hollow hemispheres that are easy to manufacture and use and buckled up and down. After buckling, a spherical space with a diameter of not less than 4.0 cm is formed inside; the hollow spherical shell 41 is provided with a plurality of hollow through holes 48 with a length and width of not more than 500 μm in the thickness direction. The hollow through holes 48 only allow solid particles with smaller particle sizes in the water body to enter the composite filler and be filtered, adsorbed, electrolyzed or decomposed by microorganisms for comprehensive purification, while large particles are blocked by the L-shaped baffle 18 and the filler box 2 on the outside of the hollow spherical shell 41 and directly precipitate downward, thereby preventing them from entering the interior of the sphere and affecting the processing efficiency of the composite filler; the composite filler The mixing ratio of the long strip iron filings 45, the spherical ceramsite 46 and the solid carbon source 47 of 42 is in the range of 1: (1-3): (3-1) by volume. In this embodiment, 1: 2: 1.5 is specifically selected. In other embodiments, other different ratios such as 1: 1.5: 1 can also be selected according to specific needs; the length range of the long strip iron filings 45 is 10-30 mm, the particle size range of the spherical ceramsite 46 is 10-45 mm, and the TOC release rate of the solid carbon source 47 is 0.070 ± 0.002 mg / (g d), which is specifically one or more of polybutylene succinate, polylactic acid, and polycaprolactone. In this embodiment, polybutylene succinate PBS is specifically selected.

[0072] The sieve type purification filter dam assembly unit is a combination of multiple components assembled together, including: a sieve type purification filter box 1 and multiple stuffing boxes 2; the sieve type purification filter box includes: a rectangular frame wall 13 made of corrosion-resistant material (such as cement or resin material), an L-shaped baffle 18 made of corrosion-resistant metal alloy, and a rectangular frame bracket 10 made of corrosion-resistant metal alloy; the rectangular frame wall 13 is composed of a vertical shell front side wall 132, a shell rear side wall 133, a shell left side wall 130, and a shell right side wall 131. The four side walls include The upper and lower parts of the inner space of the rectangular frame wall 13 formed after the enclosure are both rectangular openings; a strip-shaped front-to-back transparent water inlet groove 16 is horizontally provided near the upper end surface 22 of the front side wall 132 of the shell body, and a strip-shaped front-to-back transparent water outlet groove 17 is horizontally provided near the upper end surface 22 of the rear side wall 133 of the shell body; the water inlet groove 16 and the water outlet groove 17 are at the same horizontal height on the side wall; the distance between the horizontal panel 182 of the L-shaped baffle 18 and the ground (i.e., the bottom surface 53 of the water guide channel) is not less than 20% of the height of the side wall of the rectangular frame wall 13.

[0073] The rectangular frame bracket 10 is horizontally centered inside the rectangular frame surrounding wall 13, and its left and right end surfaces are respectively arranged on the inner side surfaces of the left side wall 130 and the right side wall 131 of the shell, and its front end faces inward away from the inner side surface of the front side wall 132 of the shell, and its rear end surface is flush with the inner side surface of the rear side wall 133 of the shell;

[0074] The L-shaped baffle 18 is a metal flat plate with an L-shaped cross-section, and its vertical panel 181 is a solid plate without openings. Its left and right side surfaces are respectively arranged on the inner side surfaces of the left side wall 130 and the right side wall 131 of the shell of the rectangular frame wall 13, and a water inlet chamber 14 is formed between the front end face of the vertical panel 181 and the inner side surface of the front side wall 132 of the shell of the rectangular frame wall 13, and a water outlet chamber 15 is formed between the rear end face and the inner side surface of the rear side wall 133 of the shell; the horizontal panel 182 of the L-shaped baffle 18 is a hollow plate, provided with a plurality of guide holes 183, and horizontally suspended in the rectangular frame wall 13; the diameter of the guide hole 183 is larger than the diameter of the filter hole 23, and the diameter of the filter hole 23 is larger than the diameter of the hollow through hole 48, so as to intercept solid particles with larger particle sizes and prevent them from entering the stuffing box 2 and affecting the processing efficiency of the composite stuffing.

[0075] The stuffing box 2 is a hollow rectangular box made of metal material. In addition to the upper end face 22, the other five end faces are provided with a plurality of filter holes 23. The hollow position inside the stuffing box 2 is filled with a plurality of hollow composite filler balls 4. The diameter of each filter hole 23 is smaller than the diameter of the hollow composite filler ball 4, and is also smaller than the diameter of the diversion hole 183. The upper end face 22 of each stuffing box 2 is upward, and can be detachably inserted vertically into the interior of the rectangular frame bracket 10, and is supported and fixed by the rectangular frame bracket 10. The upper end face 22 of the stuffing box 2 is detachably connected to the other end faces. After disassembly, the hollow composite filler balls 4 are filled into the interior through the opening corresponding to the upper end face 22. An arc-shaped handle 21 is also installed on the upper end face 22 of the stuffing box 2, which is convenient for the staff to take out the stuffing box 2 as a whole from the rectangular frame bracket 10 to replace the hollow composite filler balls 4 inside, or insert the stuffing box 2 as a whole into the working position inside the rectangular frame bracket 10.

[0076] The rectangular frame bracket 10 is made of hollow stainless steel and is hollow inside. It can support and position the stuffing box 2 and connect the two side walls of the sieve-type purification filter box 1 from the inside to ensure the stability of its structure. Specifically, the rectangular frame bracket 10 can be fixed on the inner surface of the side wall by fixing angle irons 11.

[0077] The method for ecological comprehensive treatment of aquaculture wastewater provided in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0078] S1, prefabricate a plurality of composite fillers 42, hollow composite filler balls 4, a filler box 2 and a separate sieve-type purification filter box 1 in batches in a factory, fill the composite filler 42 into the hollow composite filler balls 4, and then fill the plurality of hollow composite filler balls 4 into the filler box 2;

[0079] S2, transporting multiple sieve-type purification filter boxes 1 and stuffing boxes 2 to the site, inserting multiple stuffing boxes 2 into the rectangular frame bracket 10 of each sieve-type purification filter box 1 in sequence, and the bottom surface of the stuffing box 2 is in contact with and supported by the upper end surface 22 of the horizontal panel 182 of the L-shaped baffle 18, so as to form an independent sieve-type filter dam assembly unit;

[0080] S3, assembling a plurality of independent sieve-type filter dam units, setting them at intervals in the water diversion channel for ecological comprehensive treatment of aquaculture wastewater, and arranging them longitudinally in sequence along the water flow direction to form an ecological purification filter dam;

[0081] S4, allowing the aquaculture wastewater to flow into the ecological purification filter dam, controlling the aquaculture wastewater to flow from the water inlet 51 into each independent sieve filter dam assembly unit in sequence, and controlling the flow rate and flow rate, so that the aquaculture wastewater is fully in contact with the composite filler 42, and allowing the aquaculture wastewater to flow through each sieve filter dam assembly unit in the entire ecological purification filter dam and stay and be treated for no less than 2 hours, and finally discharged from the water outlet 52;

[0082] Among them, when the aquaculture wastewater flows into the first sieve-type filter dam assembly unit C, the aquaculture wastewater first enters the water inlet chamber 14 from the outside through the water inlet trough 16, and the water flows downward under the obstruction of the vertical panel 181 of the L-shaped baffle 18, and enters the water outlet chamber 15 from the guide hole 183 of the horizontal panel 182. The solid particle pollutants with a diameter greater than 100 μm are filtered once by the guide hole 183, and then enter the stuffing box 2 through the filter hole 23, and contact and react with the composite filler 42 inside each hollow composite filler ball 4 in the stuffing box 2, and are filtered, electrolyzed and decomposed by microorganisms. Then the water flows out from the water outlet trough 17 and enters the second sieve-type filter dam assembly unit D for purification treatment, and so on, until it passes through the last sieve. The total time for the wastewater to pass through all the sieve-type filter dam assembly units CG is not less than 2 hours. During this process, the solid pollutants with a diameter greater than 100 μm in the aquaculture wastewater are first filtered by the diversion hole 183 and blocked outside the water outlet cavity 15; the filtered wastewater enters the water outlet cavity 15, the stuffing box 2, and the hollow composite stuffing ball 4, and the small particles of solid pollutants formed after reacting with the composite stuffing 42 are precipitated into the space at the bottom of the horizontal panel through the diversion hole 183, and the staff arranges regular centralized cleaning. The sediment treated by the previous sieve-type filter dam assembly unit will not enter the next sieve-type filter dam assembly unit for repeated treatment, which reduces the purification treatment burden of the composite stuffing and improves the purification treatment efficiency;

[0083] Specifically, reinforced concrete, bricks and other materials can be used to cast on site to obtain a fixed facility water channel 5, and a water inlet 51 and a water outlet 52 are respectively set at both ends, and the bottom surface 53 of the water channel is a plane (generally made of cement concrete);

[0084] During the commissioning of the ecological purification filter dam, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) can be set to 2 to 8 hours to ensure that the wastewater is fully treated in the device; a water pump or a water surface height difference is used to guide the aquaculture wastewater into the water channel 5 through the water inlet 51, and then flow through each sieve-type purification filter dam assembly unit in turn, and finally flow out from the water outlet 52;

[0085] During the long-term operation of the system, the staff can replace the stuffing box 2 every 6 to 23 months according to the pollution degree and treatment efficiency of the composite stuffing. When replacing, the stuffing box 2 is taken out as a whole through the handle 21 and replaced with a new stuffing box 2 in situ.

[0086] S5. Test the effluent quality of the outlet trough 17 of the last sieve-type filter dam assembly unit G. If it meets the standard, discharge it normally. If it does not meet the standard, increase the number of sieve-type filter dam assembly units appropriately, extend the longitudinal length of the entire ecological purification filter dam and the treatment time of aquaculture wastewater in the ecological purification filter dam, and retest until it meets the water quality discharge standard requirements.

[0087] Specifically, a spectrophotometer or other water quality analysis instruments can be used to monitor the effluent quality. When the concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) exceed the limit values ​​of the Guangdong Province Aquaculture Wastewater Discharge Standard, adjustments can be made by adjusting the HRT duration, increasing the number of sieve-type purification filter dam assembly units, increasing the backwash or aeration frequency, replacing a new stuffing box 2, etc., and leaving an appropriate purification margin.

[0088] Example 2

[0089] The method and system for ecological comprehensive treatment of aquaculture wastewater provided in the embodiment of the present invention are further optimized based on Example 1.

[0090] The ecological comprehensive treatment method for aquaculture wastewater is based on Example 1, and step S1 further comprises:

[0091] S1-1: The hollow composite filler ball 4 filled with the composite filler 42 is placed in an environment containing a microbial liquid and cultured for 1 to 3 days for use, so that a certain number of microbial flora are pre-prepared in the composite filler 42. In the subsequent steps S2-S4, the microorganisms can act quickly, thereby saving the slow growth time of the microorganisms in the early stage.

[0092] The microbial agent can be a composite agent loaded with activated carbon, for example: a sodium alginate-straw biochar composite is used as a carrier, and a composite microbial agent formed by Paracoccus, Pseudomonas, Diplococcus and Pseudomonas is embedded inside the carrier, which has high efficiency in denitrification, phosphorus removal and antibiotic removal, and cooperates with the composite filler 42 to greatly improve the degradation efficiency.

[0093] In this embodiment, the hollow composite filler ball 4 is made of PP plastic injection molding and has a diameter of 5.0 cm. The outer shape of its hollow shell is an integral sphere formed by two hemispheres interlocking with each other. Each hemisphere has 8 to 23 semi-fan-shaped blades, and each blade has a hollow through hole 48 inside. The fan-shaped blades (hollow through holes) of the two hemispheres are staggered and distributed radially along the central axis; the interconnection between the two hollow hollow spherical shells 41, that is, the middle part of the hollow composite filler ball 4, is provided with a reinforcement ring along the entire circumference.

[0094] The iron filings 45 in the composite filler 42 are irregular strips with a length ranging from 20 to 30 mm. The spherical ceramsite 46 is spherical with a particle size ranging from 10 to 45 mm, and a large number of pore structures are distributed on the surface and inside thereof. The solid carbon source 47 is a solid sphere, and its composition can be polybutylene succinate (PBS), polylactic acid (PLA) or polycaprolactone (PCL), etc., and its TOC release rate is controlled to be 0.070±0.002 mg / (g·d).

[0095] Example 3

[0096] The ecological comprehensive treatment method and system for aquaculture wastewater provided in the embodiment of the present invention is a further optimization based on the embodiment 1 or the embodiment 2, and backwashing or aeration is performed by setting a backwashing pipe 12 to improve the purification treatment efficiency and extend the service life of the filler.

[0097] The ecological integrated treatment system for aquaculture wastewater is based on one of Examples 1 to 2, wherein the sieve-type purification filter box 1 includes a hollow backwash pipe 12 arranged on the inner side of the horizontal panel 182 of the L-shaped baffle 18, and a plurality of through holes 121 are circumferentially arranged on the side wall of the backwash pipe 12; the composite filler 42 also includes a composite bacterial agent.

[0098] The ecological comprehensive treatment method for aquaculture wastewater is based on one of Embodiments 1 to 2, wherein step S2 further comprises S2-1:

[0099] In each independent sieve-type purification filter box, an annular hollow backwash pipe 12 is arranged along the bending part of the horizontal panel 182 and the vertical panel 181 of the L-shaped baffle 18, and the connection part with the inner side of the rectangular frame wall 13, and a plurality of through holes 121 are circumferentially arranged on the tube wall of the hollow pipe; the backwash pipe 12 is connected to an external high-pressure water source or air source; directly above the backwash pipe 12 is a stuffing box 2, and the gaps between the stuffing box 2 and the inner side walls of the sieve-type purification filter box 1 and the rectangular frame bracket 10 are small, so that the high-pressure water flow or air flow can smoothly enter the interior of the stuffing box 2 to realize backwashing, or aeration, to create aerobic, anoxic or anaerobic local environmental conditions in the stuffing box, and promote the growth of microorganisms.

[0100] The step S4 also includes a corresponding step S4-1:

[0101] Regularly introduce high-pressure water or air flow into the backwash pipe 12, spray outward from the through hole 121, enter the stuffing box 2, flush the hollow composite stuffing balls 4 in each stuffing box 2, and the composite stuffing inside the hollow composite stuffing balls 4, change the position and posture of the hollow composite stuffing balls 4 in the stuffing box 2, or aerate at the same time, flush out the sediments and detached biofilms attached to the stuffing box 2, the hollow composite stuffing balls 4 and the surface of the composite stuffing, and settle them at the bottom of each sieve-type filter dam assembly unit, so as to restore the comprehensive purification treatment efficiency of each part. The staff shall perform backwashing or aeration operations regularly according to the actual situation. The total duration of each backwashing or aeration is 15 to 45 minutes, and each time lasts for 3 to 5 minutes and then 1 to 2 minutes apart to remove the sediments and biofilms on the surface of the stuffing; the frequency of backwashing or aeration can be adjusted according to the effluent water quality and the state of the stuffing layer. It is generally recommended to perform it every 3 to 7 days to delay the clogging time of the filter dam, reduce the frequency of stuffing replacement, extend the service life of the stuffing, and save material costs.

[0102] Example 4

[0103] The ecological comprehensive treatment method and system for aquaculture wastewater provided in the embodiment of the present invention is a further optimization based on one of Embodiments 1 to 3. The stuffing box is replaced regularly as a whole without removing the sieve-type filter dam assembly units from the water channel 5 as a whole.

[0104] The ecological comprehensive treatment method for aquaculture wastewater provided in this embodiment is based on one of Embodiments 1 to 3, wherein step S4 further comprises:

[0105] Step S4-2: Regularly check the comprehensive purification treatment degree and treatment efficiency of the stuffing box 2 and the hollow composite stuffing ball 4 inside each sieve-type filter dam assembly unit, and the composite stuffing 42 in the hollow composite stuffing ball 4. If it is lower than the set value, directly replace the whole stuffing box with a new one; depending on the situation, the stuffing box is usually replaced every 6 to 23 months. When replacing, the stuffing box 2 is taken out as a whole through the handle 21, and the new stuffing box 2 is replaced and reinserted into the stuffing box 2; then the stuffing box 2, the hollow composite stuffing ball 4 and the composite stuffing therein that are taken out and replaced are washed, updated and reused in batches in the factory to reduce long-term operation and maintenance costs;

[0106] Step S4-3: Regularly check the thickness of solid pollutants deposited at the bottom of each sieve-type filter dam assembly unit. When the set thickness is reached (generally 50% of the reserved sedimentation space at the bottom of the sieve-type purification filter box 1), take out each sieve-type filter dam assembly unit as a whole to the outside of the water channel 5, and centrally clean the deposited solid pollutants. After cleaning, put each sieve-type filter dam assembly unit back into the water channel 5. Regularly centrally clean the solid pollutants deposited at the bottom of the sieve-type purification filter box 1 and in the gaps between each sieve-type purification filter box 1 to prevent them from entering the next sieve-type filter dam assembly unit for repeated processing, so as to reduce the processing burden of each sieve-type filter dam assembly unit (especially the composite filler 42 in the filler box 2) and preserve the processing efficiency and effect.

[0107] In this embodiment, the solid carbon source 47 added is polybutylene succinate (PBS), and its TOC release rate is 0.070 mg / (g·d). There is a synergistic effect between the hollow composite filler ball 4 and the environmental microorganisms. Through the iron-carbon micro-electrolysis reaction, autotrophic denitrification, and heterotrophic denitrification, nitrogen and phosphorus are removed simultaneously, greatly improving the effluent water quality. The iron filings 45 and the spherical ceramsite 46 can form a primary battery, and Fe is generated at the positive and negative electrodes. 2+ , Fe 3+ , [H], ·OH and O·, among which ·OH and O· will destroy the structure of organic matter in water and cause it to break, Fe 2+ It will react to produce colloidal flocculants Fe(OH)2 and Fe(OH)3, reducing the turbidity of the effluent. 3+ It will react to form FePO4 precipitation, achieving the purpose of phosphorus removal. 2+ [H] and [H] can provide electron donors for the autotrophic denitrification process, and the solid carbon source 47 is an electron donor for the heterotrophic denitrification process. The three processes interact with each other to efficiently remove pollutants such as total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), antibiotics, etc. in aquaculture wastewater. In addition, the outer shell of the hollow composite filler ball is a plastic hollow ball, which has a long service life and does not cause harm to the environment. There are many capillaries between the internal fillers and they are interconnected, forming a multi-layer microecological environment suitable for microbial attachment and growth, and the film hanging efficiency is high. There are gaps between the hollow composite filler balls, which is conducive to the full contact between the water flow and the filler. At the same time, the aging film is easy to fall off during backwashing, which extends the service life of the filler.

[0108] In the stuffing box 2 of the present embodiment, multiple hollow composite stuffing balls 4 are uniformly filled, and a large gap is retained between each ball; the composite stuffing filled by the hollow composite stuffing ball is mixed with iron filings 45, spherical ceramsite 46, and solid carbon source 47, and the composite stuffing and microorganism have synergistic effects, through iron-carbon micro-electrolysis reaction, autotrophic denitrification, heterotrophic denitrification, synchronous efficient nitrogen removal and phosphorus removal and precipitation, which can greatly improve the water quality of the outlet water. In addition, the shell of the hollow composite stuffing ball is made of plastic, which has a long service life and will not cause harm to the environment. There are many capillaries between the internal composite stuffing and they are interconnected, forming a multi-layer microecological environment suitable for microbial attachment and growth, and the film hanging efficiency is high. There is a large gap between each hollow composite stuffing ball, which is also conducive to the full contact of water flow and stuffing, and the aging film is easy to fall off when backwashing, which prolongs the service life of stuffing. The ecological purification filter dam designed in this embodiment is convenient for the staff to carry out quick stuffing replacement and backwashing operations to maintain the efficient activity of stuffing and prolong service life. In addition, the combination of the water diversion channel and the ecological purification filter dam can ensure sufficient contact between the wastewater and the filler, extend the treatment time, improve the treatment efficiency and effluent quality, and on the other hand, facilitate the regular and thorough centralized removal of solid sediments such as residues.

[0109] The practical operation effect of the comprehensive ecological treatment method and system for aquaculture wastewater provided in this embodiment is as follows: Fig.10 and Fig.11 By measuring the TP and TN of the inlet and outlet water of the system, it can be seen that the removal rate of TP and TN can be stabilized at about 90% during the long-term operation of the system, and the concentration of the two in the effluent after treatment is lower than the Guangdong Province aquaculture wastewater discharge standard, indicating that the aquaculture wastewater ecological comprehensive treatment method and system has a long-term and stable ecological comprehensive treatment capacity.

[0110] Example 5

[0111] See attached Fig.12 The ecological comprehensive treatment method and system for aquaculture wastewater provided in the embodiment of the present invention is a further optimization based on one of the embodiments 1 to 4, and performs two-way circulation purification treatment on the wastewater in the two aquaculture ponds, so as to greatly save the floor space, simplify the treatment process and improve the purification efficiency. The difference between the method and the aforementioned embodiments is that:

[0112] The ecological integrated treatment system for aquaculture wastewater comprises two adjacent aquaculture ponds, a first aquaculture pond A and a second aquaculture pond B; the water channel 5 is arranged between (or near) the two aquaculture ponds A and B, and the water inlet 51 and the water outlet 52 of the water channel 5 are respectively connected to A and B, and can be regularly exchanged and the water flow direction can be changed as needed, and the same set of ecological purification filter dams arranged inside the water channel are used to circulate and purify the wastewater in the two aquaculture ponds A and B respectively.

[0113] Two rows of parallel sieve-type filter dam assembly units are arranged in the water channel 5, the first row is numbered CG, and the second row is numbered HL. A gap is left between two adjacent sieve-type filter dam assembly units for precipitating larger solid particles; a smaller gap is also left between each sieve-type filter dam assembly unit and the inner wall of the water channel 5 for easy installation or removal, and the gap can also be blocked during operation; each sieve-type filter dam assembly unit is arranged on the upper part of the bottom surface 53 of the water channel; an intermediate baffle 54 is also provided between the two rows of sieve-type filter dam assembly units, and the intermediate baffle 54 is closed between the end close to the water inlet 51 and the water outlet 52 and the side wall of the water channel 5, and is not closed at the end away from the water inlet 51 and the water outlet 52.

[0114] When the aquaculture wastewater in the first aquaculture pond A is purified, the wastewater in the A pond enters the water diversion channel 5 from the water inlet 51 through a water pump (or by utilizing the water level difference), and the water flows through two rows of sieve-type filter dam assembly units in sequence, and after flowing through the sieve-type filter dam assembly unit G, it turns to the sieve-type filter dam assembly unit L, and flows to the sieve-type filter dam assembly unit H. The purified water finally flows into the second aquaculture pond B from the water outlet 52 to achieve recycling.

[0115] After the aquaculture wastewater in the first aquaculture pond A is purified continuously for 1 to 2 months, when the aquaculture wastewater in the second aquaculture pond B needs to be purified, the water flow direction is changed, and the functions of the water outlet 52 and the water inlet 51 are swapped, so that the water flows through the screen-type filter dam assembly units H~C in sequence, and finally enters the first aquaculture pond A from the water inlet 51 to achieve recycling.

[0116] The ecological comprehensive treatment method for aquaculture wastewater provided in this embodiment is based on the above-mentioned embodiments 1 to 4, and its step S4 also includes the step of circulating treatment of wastewater in two aquaculture ponds:

[0117] Step S4-4: The water channel 5 is arranged between two aquaculture ponds A and B, so that the water inlet 51 of the water channel 5 is connected to the first aquaculture pond A, and the water outlet 52 is connected to the second aquaculture pond B;

[0118] Step S4-5: First, the flow direction of the aquaculture wastewater into the ecological purification filter dam is controlled, from the water inlet 51 to the water outlet 52, to treat the wastewater in the first aquaculture pond A;

[0119] Step S4-6: Regularly change the flow direction of the aquaculture wastewater into the ecological purification filter dam, swap the water inlet 51 with the water outlet 52, and purify the wastewater from the second aquaculture pond B.

[0120] In this embodiment, the water diversion channel and the ecological purification filter dam are arranged between two aquaculture ponds and are interconnected. The water inlet 51 and the water outlet 52 of the water diversion channel 5 are periodically interchanged. By using the water diversion channel 5 and the same set of ecological purification filter dams arranged inside it, the wastewater in the two aquaculture ponds can be circulated and purified successively. This can be repeated to better meet the needs of the aquaculture industry to reduce costs and increase efficiency.

[0121] Example 6

[0122] See attached Figure 12-13 The ecological comprehensive treatment method and system for aquaculture wastewater provided in the embodiment of the present invention is a further optimization based on one of the embodiments 1 to 5, and the ecological purification filter dam is applied to improve the existing "three pools and two dams" process and system, and is operated in conjunction with the "three pools and two dams" process and system to improve the high-concentration wastewater treatment efficiency of the traditional "three pools and two dams" process and system. The difference between the method and the aforementioned embodiments is that:

[0123] The first improvement is to replace the traditional filter dam in situ with an ecological purification filter dam consisting of a single or multiple sieve filter dam assembly units ( Fig.12 The first filter dam and the second filter dam in the filter dam are arranged between the sedimentation tank and the aeration tank of the traditional "three tanks and two dams" system, with its water inlet 51 connected to the sedimentation tank and its water outlet 52 connected to the aeration tank. After the preliminary sedimentation, the aquaculture wastewater flows into the ecological purification filter dam, undergoes comprehensive ecological purification and sedimentation, and then flows to the aeration tank for further treatment, so that the aquaculture wastewater with a higher pollutant concentration meets the discharge standards.

[0124] The second improvement plan is to replace the traditional filter dam with an ecological purification filter dam composed of a single or multiple sieve filter dam assembly units ( Fig.12 The first filter dam and the second filter dam in the filter dam are arranged between the aeration tank and the ecological treatment tank of the traditional "three tanks and two dams" system, with its water inlet 51 connected to the aeration tank and its water outlet 52 connected to the ecological treatment tank. After the aeration-treated aquaculture wastewater flows into the ecological purification filter dam, it undergoes comprehensive ecological purification and sedimentation before flowing to the ecological treatment tank for further treatment, so that the aquaculture wastewater with a higher pollutant concentration meets the discharge standards.

[0125] Both schemes can be flexibly selected according to specific needs. The combined ecological purification filter dam of the present invention can be used to replace the traditional first filter dam and the second filter dam to improve the traditional "three pools and two dams" process and system. The two can be operated in conjunction to perform multi-stage treatment on aquaculture wastewater with a high degree of pollution to ensure that the treated reclaimed water meets the discharge standards.

[0126] See attached Fig.13 The first filter dam and the second filter dam are two filter dams in the three pools and two dams respectively. The traditional filter dam has a poor removal effect on antibiotics. The results show that the removal effect of the first filter dam is only 43.4%, and the removal effect of the second filter dam is only 52.4%. The traditional filter dam filled with spherical expanded clay 46 has a removal rate of about 50% for antibiotics. Among them, adsorption is the main way to reduce the amount of antibiotics.

[0127] See attached Fig.14 After the combined ecological purification filter dam provided by the present invention was used to replace the traditional first filter dam and the second filter dam, antibiotics were removed from the water of perch breeding ponds, eel breeding ponds, raw fish breeding ponds and shrimp breeding ponds respectively. It was found that the combined ecological purification filter dam provided by the present invention was effective in removing antibiotics from the water of perch breeding ponds, eel breeding ponds, raw fish breeding ponds and shrimp breeding ponds. Fig.13 The removal rates under the same working conditions were 98.2%, 85.1%, 82.5% and 92% respectively, all maintained above 80%, and the effect was significantly better than that of the traditional filter dam. The antibiotic removal mechanism of the combined ecological purification filter dam of the present invention is as follows: the new composite filler composed of iron filings 45, spherical ceramsite 46 and solid carbon source (such as PBS) and the multi-scale void structure of hollow composite filler balls can significantly improve the adsorption performance of quinolone and sulfonamide antibiotics; among them, the spherical ceramsite 46 plays an adsorption role and is the main way to reduce the amount of antibiotics; iron filings 45 remove tetracycline and chloramphenicol through adsorption and reduction, and can accelerate the direct electron transfer process to promote the degradation of antibiotics; solid carbon sources (such as PBS) participate in the reduction of antibiotics through denitrification co-metabolism; iron filings 45 and solid carbon sources (such as PBS) can both enhance the metabolic activity of functional microorganisms to varying degrees, thereby accelerating the removal of antibiotics; the mutual synergy and joint action between the components help to achieve efficient and broad-spectrum removal of antibiotics.

[0128] The technical solutions designed in the above-mentioned multiple embodiments of the present invention can select one of the two operating modes: for new projects, when operating in independent mode, only one functional water diversion channel is required, and there is no need to set up separate treatment facilities such as sedimentation tanks, aeration tanks, and ecological tanks. It occupies a small area, has a small amount of construction work, and has low later operation and maintenance costs, which can meet the diversified needs of the aquaculture industry such as cost reduction and efficiency improvement; for the improvement of existing facilities, when operating in improved mode, the traditional filter dam is replaced by an ecological purification filter dam on the basis of the existing "three pools and two dams", so as to achieve functional expansion of the original system and process and a significant improvement in treatment efficiency, so that the overall nitrogen removal, phosphorus removal, sedimentation and filtration capabilities of the original "three pools and two dams" are simultaneously enhanced.

[0129] The above embodiments of the present invention focus on the shortcomings of the traditional wastewater treatment system, such as the complex structure of the filter dam, the large amount of construction work, the single filter material filled in the dam body and easy clogging, the difficulty in replacing and cleaning the filter material, the unique and irreversible direction of the water flow in each process treatment, the unstable tail water treatment effect, and the inability to flexibly adjust the system and process. The improvements include:

[0130] 1. The filtration is carried out by adopting various component structure designs (multiple through holes of different sizes, etc.) and the coordination of composite filler materials. On the basis of ensuring the filtration effect, the diversity of microorganisms is greatly improved. In addition, the iron-carbon micro-electrolysis coupling and solid carbon source are used to effectively promote key biological reactions such as nitrification and denitrification.

[0131] 2. The shape, scale, pores, etc. of the hollow composite filler balls and the various composite materials inside them are rationally designed, and the constructed internal structure has an effective oxygen transfer mechanism, which improves the metabolic activity and treatment efficiency of microorganisms.

[0132] 3. The water flow dynamics inside the ecological purification filter dam are reasonably designed, and multiple sieve-type purification filter dam assembly units are used. The particulate matter in the aquaculture wastewater is filtered by filter holes of different diameters set in multiple places. The water flows through each hollow composite filler ball and the composite filler inside it in turn, which can ensure sufficient contact between the wastewater and the composite filler and a longer treatment time. The removal efficiency and removal effect of various pollutants can be greatly improved through the cascade effect.

[0133] 4. Mechanisms such as backwashing, composite filler replacement and aeration are designed to avoid blockage of the filter dam by solid particles during long-term operation. If some screen-type purification filter dam assembly units are blocked, backwashing can be strengthened in a targeted manner, or they can be replaced directly to ensure that the overall system maintains stable long-term operating performance.

[0134] 5. The present invention uses multiple sieve-type purification filter dam assembly units to form an ecological purification filter dam after being cascaded. The dam can be flexibly assembled according to the pollutant concentration of the wastewater, and the length of the dam body can be freely adjusted, the direction of the water flow can be adjusted, and the process inlet and outlet of the purification treatment can be freely changed, which has stronger applicability. Specifically, according to the different physical and chemical properties of the wastewater, targeted pre-cultured hollow composite filler balls can be selected and added to the filler box; the wastewater flow rate can be targeted to control the wastewater so that the wastewater entering the ecological purification filter dam is filtered and purified through the pores of the filler box and the hollow composite filler balls; by controlling the flow rate, flow direction, length of the ecological purification filter dam, etc., the wastewater can flow slowly in the ecological purification filter dam, and the total residence time (HRT) is 2 to 8 hours, ensuring that the wastewater is fully treated in the system and meets the standards.

[0135] 6. The hollow composite filler ball of the present invention is a hollow spherical shell that wraps and fixes composite fillers such as iron filings, spherical ceramsite and solid carbon source inside the sphere so that it will not leak out; this composite filler can form a larger specific surface area due to its light specific gravity, high porosity and high mechanical strength, and has good impact resistance. The interior of the composite filler is full of pores, so that various materials can cooperate with each other, and the adsorption capacity and air permeability are excellent, the chemical properties are stable, and it is conducive to biological film formation, which can enhance the comprehensive ecological purification capacity of the water body. This hollow composite filler ball has good pressure resistance and impact resistance, stable chemical properties, is not easy to be corroded, has low production cost and can be recycled, and has little pollution to the environment.

[0136] In summary, the ecological integrated treatment method and system for aquaculture wastewater provided by the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention greatly simplify the system structure and purification treatment process, based on the flexibly adjustable ecological purification filter dam, and the principle of synergistic enhancement of microbial autotrophic-heterotrophic denitrification by coupling iron-carbon micro-electrolysis with solid carbon source, through the organic combination of system structure and treatment process, the efficiency of nitrogen removal and phosphorus removal is greatly improved, while also reducing the construction and operation and maintenance costs of the entire device.

[0137] The above embodiments describe only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. In other embodiments, within the scope of the present invention, the technical effects recorded in the present invention can be achieved by selecting other similar structures, processes, materials, scales, proportions, etc., so they are no longer listed one by one. At the same time, based on the above embodiments of the present invention, all other changes or modifications obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work belong to the protection scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A method for ecological comprehensive treatment of aquaculture wastewater, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: placing a plurality of factory-prefabricated hollow composite filler balls (4) in a sieve-type purification filter dam assembly unit of an ecological purification filter dam, filtering particles in aquaculture wastewater through filter holes of different diameters arranged at multiple locations in the sieve-type purification filter dam assembly unit; and filtering, nitrifying and denitrifying the wastewater through the composite filler (42) uniformly mixed and filled in proportion inside the hollow composite filler balls (4) through the iron-carbon micro-electrolysis coupling, the autotrophic-heterotrophic denitrification process of the solid carbon source (47) and the microorganisms when the wastewater flows in. Comprehensive ecological purification treatment of denitrification, degradation of pollutants and harmful substances and precipitation, and simultaneous and efficient removal of solid particulate matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and antibiotics in aquaculture wastewater; the hollow composite filler ball (4) comprises a hollow hollow spherical shell (41) and a composite filler (42); the composite filler (42) is filled in a spherical space formed inside the hollow hollow spherical shell (41); the composite filler (42) comprises long strips of iron filings (45), spherical ceramsite (46) and a solid carbon source (47) mixed in a set ratio; The hollow spherical shell (41) is composed of two hemispheres buckled up and down, and a spherical space with a diameter of not less than 4.0 cm is formed inside after buckling; the hollow spherical shell (41) is provided with a plurality of hollow through holes (48) with a length and width of not more than 500 μm in the thickness direction; the mixing ratio of the long iron filings (45), spherical ceramsite (46) and solid carbon source (47) of the composite filler (42) is 1:(1-3):(1-3) by volume; the length of the long iron filings (45) ranges from 10 to 30 mm, the particle size of the spherical ceramsite (46) ranges from 10 to 45 mm, and the solid carbon source (47) is one or more of polybutylene succinate, polylactic acid and polycaprolactone with a TOC release rate of 0.070±0.002 mg / (g·d); The sieve-type purification filter dam assembly unit comprises: a sieve-type purification filter box (1) and a plurality of stuffing boxes (2); the sieve-type purification filter box (1) comprises: a rectangular frame wall (13), an L-shaped baffle (18), and a rectangular frame bracket (10); the rectangular frame wall (13) is composed of a vertical shell front side wall (132), a shell rear side wall (133), a shell left side wall (130), and a shell right side wall (131); the upper and lower sides of the inner space of the rectangular frame wall (13) formed by the four side walls are open; a strip-shaped water inlet groove (16) is horizontally provided at a position close to the upper end surface (22) of the shell front side wall (132), and a strip-shaped water outlet groove (17) is horizontally provided at a position close to the upper end surface (22) of the shell rear side wall (133); The rectangular frame bracket (10) is horizontally and centrally arranged inside the rectangular frame surrounding wall (13); The L-shaped baffle (18) is a metal flat plate with an L-shaped cross section, and its vertical panel (181) is a solid plate, and its left and right side surfaces are respectively arranged on the inner side surfaces of the left side wall (130) and the right side wall (131) of the rectangular frame surrounding wall (13), and a water inlet cavity (14) is formed between the front end surface of the vertical panel (181) and the inner side surface of the front side wall (132) of the rectangular frame surrounding wall (13), and a water outlet cavity (15) is formed between the rear end surface and the inner side surface of the rear side wall (133) of the shell; the horizontal panel (182) of the L-shaped baffle is a hollow plate, provided with a plurality of guide holes (183), and is horizontally suspended in the rectangular frame surrounding wall (13); The stuffing box (2) is in the shape of a hollow rectangular box, and a plurality of filter holes (23) are provided on the other five end faces except the upper end face (22). The hollow position inside the stuffing box (2) is filled with a plurality of hollow composite stuffing balls (4), and the diameter of each filter hole (23) is smaller than the diameter of the hollow composite stuffing ball (4), and is also smaller than the diameter of the guide hole (183); The upper end surfaces (22) of the plurality of stuffing boxes (2) face upwards, are detachably inserted vertically into the interior of the rectangular frame bracket (10), and are supported and fixed by the rectangular frame bracket (10).

2. The method for ecological comprehensive treatment of aquaculture wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left and right end surfaces of the rectangular frame bracket (10) are respectively arranged on the inner side surfaces of the left side wall (130) and the right side wall (131) of the shell, and the front end faces inward away from the inner side surface of the front side wall (132) of the shell, and the rear end surface is flush with the inner side surface of the rear side wall (133) of the shell.

3. The ecological comprehensive treatment method for aquaculture wastewater according to claim 2 is characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1. Prefabricate a plurality of composite fillers (42), hollow composite filler balls (4), a filler box (2), and a sieve-type purification filter box (1) in batches in a factory, fill the composite filler (42) into the hollow composite filler balls (4), and then fill the plurality of hollow composite filler balls (4) into the filler box (2); S2, transporting a plurality of sieve-type purification filter boxes (1) and stuffing boxes (2) to the site, inserting a plurality of stuffing boxes (2) into the rectangular frame bracket (10) of each sieve-type purification filter box (1) in sequence, with the bottom surface of the stuffing box (2) contacting and being supported by the upper end surface (22) of the horizontal panel (182) of the L-shaped baffle plate (18), thereby forming an independent sieve-type filter dam assembly unit; S3, assembling a plurality of independent sieve-type filter dam units, disposing them at intervals in the water diversion channel (5) for ecological comprehensive treatment of aquaculture wastewater, and arranging them longitudinally in sequence along the water flow direction to form an ecological purification filter dam; S4, allowing the aquaculture wastewater to flow into the ecological purification filter dam, controlling the aquaculture wastewater to flow from the water inlet (51) into each independent sieve filter dam assembly unit in sequence, and controlling the flow rate and flow rate so that the aquaculture wastewater is fully in contact with the composite filler (42), and allowing the aquaculture wastewater to flow through each sieve filter dam assembly unit in the entire ecological purification filter dam and stay and be treated for no less than 2 hours, and finally be discharged from the water outlet (52); When the aquaculture wastewater flows into the first sieve-type filter dam assembly unit, the aquaculture wastewater first enters the water inlet chamber (14) from the outside through the water inlet trough (16), then flows downward under the obstruction of the vertical panel (181) of the L-shaped baffle (18), and enters the water outlet chamber (15) from the guide hole (183) of the horizontal panel (182), where the pollutants contact and react with the composite filler (42) in the filler box (2), are filtered, electrolyzed and decomposed by microorganisms, and then flow out from the water outlet trough (17) and enter the second sieve-type filter dam assembly unit for purification. The process is repeated in this way, and so on, until the last sieve filter dam assembly unit is passed, and the total time required to pass through all sieve filter dam assembly units is not less than 2 hours. During this process, solid pollutants with a diameter greater than 100 μm in the aquaculture wastewater are filtered by the diversion holes (183) and blocked outside the water outlet chamber (15). Solid pollutants formed by the wastewater entering the water outlet chamber (15), the stuffing box (2), and the hollow composite stuffing balls (4) after reacting with the composite stuffing (42) are precipitated into the space below the horizontal panel (182) through the diversion holes (183). S5. Test the effluent quality of the last sieve filter dam assembly unit. If it meets the standard, discharge it normally. If it does not meet the standard, increase the number of sieve filter dam assembly units, extend the longitudinal length of the entire ecological purification filter dam and the treatment time of aquaculture wastewater in the ecological purification filter dam until it meets the standard.

4. The ecological comprehensive treatment method for aquaculture wastewater according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The step S1 further comprises: S1-1: The hollow composite filler ball (4) filled with the composite filler (42) is placed in an environment containing a microbial liquid and cultured for 1 to 3 days for use.

5. The ecological comprehensive treatment method for aquaculture wastewater according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The step S2 further comprises step S2-1: In each independent sieve-type purification filter box (1), an annular hollow backwash pipe (12) is provided along the bending part of the horizontal panel (182) and the vertical panel (181) of the L-shaped baffle plate (18), and the connection parts with the inner side surface of the rectangular frame wall (13), and a plurality of through holes (121) are provided on the wall of the hollow pipe in the circumferential direction; the backwash pipe (12) is connected to an external high-pressure water source or air source; The step S4 also includes a corresponding step S4-1: High-pressure water or air is regularly introduced into the backwash pipe (12) and sprayed outward from the through hole 121 to flush the hollow composite filler balls (4) in each filler box (2) and the composite filler (42) inside the hollow composite filler balls (4), thereby changing the position and posture of the hollow composite filler balls (4) in the filler box (2) or aerating at the same time, flushing out the sediment and detached biofilm attached to the surface of the filler box (2), the hollow composite filler balls (4) and the composite filler (42), and settling them at the bottom of each sieve-type filter dam assembly unit, thereby restoring the comprehensive purification treatment efficiency of each part.

6. The ecological comprehensive treatment method for aquaculture wastewater according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The step S4 further comprises: Step S4-2: Regularly check the comprehensive purification treatment degree and treatment efficiency of the stuffing box (2) and the hollow composite stuffing ball (4) inside each sieve-type filter dam assembly unit, as well as the composite stuffing (42) in the hollow composite stuffing ball (4). If the comprehensive purification treatment degree and treatment efficiency are lower than the set value, directly replace the stuffing box with a new one; Step S4-3: Regularly check the thickness of the solid pollutants deposited at the bottom of each sieve-type filter dam assembly unit. When the set thickness is reached, take out each sieve-type filter dam assembly unit as a whole and place it outside the water channel (5). Clean the deposited solid pollutants in a centralized manner. After cleaning, put each sieve-type filter dam assembly unit back into the water channel (5).

7. The ecological comprehensive treatment method for aquaculture wastewater according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The step S4 also includes the step of circulating the wastewater in the two aquaculture ponds: S4-4: the water channel (5) is arranged between the two aquaculture ponds, so that the water inlet (51) of the water channel (5) is connected to the first aquaculture pond, and the water outlet (52) is connected to the second aquaculture pond; S4-5: First, the flow direction of the aquaculture wastewater into the ecological purification filter dam is controlled, from the water inlet to the water outlet (52), and the wastewater in the first aquaculture pond is treated; S4-6: Regularly change the flow direction of the aquaculture wastewater into the ecological purification filter dam, swap the water inlet (51) and the water outlet (52), and purify the wastewater from the second aquaculture pond.

8. The method for ecological comprehensive treatment of aquaculture wastewater according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that: The method further comprises the following steps: arranging the water channel (5) and the ecological purification filter dam between the two aquaculture ponds and interconnecting them, regularly exchanging the water inlet (51) and the water outlet (52) of the water channel (5), and using the water channel (5) and the same set of ecological purification filter dams arranged therein to successively circulate and purify the wastewater in the two aquaculture ponds.

9. An ecological integrated treatment system for aquaculture wastewater, characterized in that: The method for implementing the ecological integrated treatment of aquaculture wastewater according to any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises: an aquaculture pool, a water channel (5), and a plurality of sieve-type filter dam assembly units; the aquaculture pool and the water channel (5) are interconnected, and a plurality of factory-prefabricated sieve-type filter dam assembly units are longitudinally arranged in the water channel (5) in sequence and spaced apart to form an ecological purification filter dam, which together purifies the wastewater flowing into the water channel (5); Each of the sieve-type filter dam assembly units comprises a sieve-type purification filter box (1) and a plurality of stuffing boxes (2) prepared in batches in a factory, each stuffing box (2) is filled with a plurality of hollow composite stuffing balls (4), and each hollow composite stuffing ball (4) is filled with a composite stuffing (42); The hollow composite filler ball (4) is a hollow sphere with a diameter of not less than 5.0 cm; it also includes a hollow hollow spherical shell (41), and the hollow hollow spherical shell (41) is provided with a plurality of hollow through holes (48) with a length and width of not more than 500 μm; the composite filler (42) includes long strip iron filings (45), spherical ceramsite (46) and solid carbon source (47) in a mixing ratio of 1:(1-3):(3-1) by volume; the length of the long strip iron filings (45) ranges from 10 to 30 mm, the particle size of the spherical ceramsite (46) ranges from 10 to 45 mm, and the particle size of the spherical solid carbon source (47) ranges from 300 to 400 μm; The cross section of the water channel (5) is rectangular and matches the sieve-type purification filter box (1), and its water inlet (51) and water outlet (52) are respectively connected to an aquaculture pond or an external water body.

10. The ecological integrated treatment system for aquaculture wastewater according to claim 9, characterized in that: The sieve-type purification filter box (1) comprises a rectangular frame wall (13), an L-shaped baffle (18) and a rectangular frame bracket (10); the internal space between the vertical panel (181) of the L-shaped baffle (18) and the front side wall (132) of the shell of the rectangular frame wall (13) forms a water inlet chamber (14); the internal space between the vertical panel (181) and the rear side wall (133) of the shell of the rectangular frame wall (13) forms a water outlet chamber (15); the volume ratio of the water inlet chamber (14) to the water outlet chamber (15) is 1:4; the horizontal height of the water inlet trough (16) and the water outlet trough (17) is the same; the distance between the horizontal panel (182) of the L-shaped baffle (18) and the ground is not less than 20% of the height of the side wall of the rectangular frame wall (13); The upper end surface (22) of the stuffing box (2) is detachably connected to other end surfaces, and after disassembly, the hollow composite stuffing balls (4) are filled into the interior through the opening corresponding to the upper end surface (22).

11. The ecological integrated treatment system for aquaculture wastewater according to claim 9, characterized in that: The sieve-type purification filter box (1) comprises a hollow backwash pipe (12) arranged on the inner side of a horizontal panel (182) of an L-shaped baffle (18), wherein a plurality of through holes (121) are circumferentially arranged on the side wall of the backwash pipe (12); the composite filler (42) also comprises a composite bacterial agent.

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