An ammonia-hydrogen power generation system suitable for cold chain electric vehicles

Abstract

The present application discloses an ammonia hydrogen power generation system suitable for cold chain electric vehicles, including a liquid ammonia tank, a buffer tank, a temperature control mechanism, an ammonia decomposition device, multiple air coolers, a water cooling mechanism, an expander, a power generation mechanism and a power storage mechanism; the liquid ammonia tank is connected to the buffer tank, and the temperature control mechanism includes at least one evaporator and a heat exchanger that are separately arranged; the buffer tank is connected to the evaporator and the heat exchanger respectively; the heat exchanger is simultaneously connected to the ammonia inlet and the expander of the ammonia decomposition device; the water cooling mechanism includes a water cooler and a water tank that are interconnected; the ammonia decomposition device is connected to the air cooler, the water cooler and the power generation mechanism in turn; the water tank is interconnected with the heat exchanger and another air cooler respectively; the expander is connected in series with the evaporator and the buffer tank; the expander is also coaxially connected with the power storage mechanism. The ammonia decomposition system suitable for cold chain electric vehicles realizes the cold and heat balance inside the system, ensures that each component can operate stably, and improves the overall operating life and efficiency of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ammonia decomposition hydrogen production equipment, and in particular to an ammonia hydrogen power generation system suitable for cold chain electric vehicles. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing global requirements for environmental protection and energy conservation, cold chain electric vehicles, as a low-carbon and environmentally friendly means of transportation, have received widespread attention and application in the field of cold chain logistics; however, cold chain electric vehicles require a stable refrigeration system during operation to ensure the refrigeration effect of goods, and traditional refrigeration systems often have problems such as high energy consumption and large emissions; therefore, the development of an efficient and environmentally friendly refrigeration system is of great significance to the development of cold chain electric vehicles; ammonia, as an environmentally friendly refrigerant, has the advantages of high thermal conductivity, large unit cooling capacity, and low price, and has broad application prospects in the field of refrigeration; the ammonia decomposition system is a refrigeration system that uses the decomposition reaction of ammonia to generate cold energy. Its working principle is to heat the liquid ammonia to a certain temperature after vaporization, and decompose it into a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen under the action of a catalyst, while absorbing a large amount of heat, thereby achieving a refrigeration effect, providing a feasible solution for cold chain electric vehicles to provide an efficient and environmentally friendly refrigeration system. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the defects of the cold chain electric vehicle system in the prior art, such as low operating efficiency and high energy consumption, an ammonia decomposition system suitable for cold chain electric vehicles is provided, which has high thermal conductivity, large unit cooling capacity and low energy consumption and can effectively balance heat during operation.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: an ammonia-hydrogen power generation system suitable for cold-chain electric vehicles, comprising a liquid ammonia tank, a buffer tank, a temperature control mechanism, an ammonia decomposition device, multiple air coolers, a water cooling mechanism, an expander, a power generation mechanism and a power storage mechanism; the liquid ammonia tank is connected to the buffer tank, the temperature control mechanism comprises at least one evaporator and a heat exchanger, and the evaporator and the heat exchanger are separately arranged; the buffer tank is connected to the evaporator and the heat exchanger respectively; the heat exchanger is simultaneously connected to the ammonia inlet and the expander of the ammonia decomposition device; the water cooling mechanism comprises a water cooler and a water tank that are interconnected, and the power generation mechanism comprises a purification device and a fuel cell that are arranged in series; the decomposition gas outlet of the ammonia decomposition device is connected to at least one air cooler, a water cooler, a purification device and a fuel cell in sequence; the water tank is also interconnected with the heat exchanger and another air cooler respectively; the expander is then connected in series with another evaporator and the buffer tank; the expander is also coaxially connected to the power storage mechanism.

[0005] Furthermore, a stop valve is provided between the heat exchanger and the expander, a compressor is provided between the evaporator and the buffer tank; and a pressure reducing valve is provided between the heat exchanger and the ammonia decomposition device.

[0006] Furthermore, it includes a first air cooler and a second air cooler; the decomposition gas outlet of the ammonia decomposition device is connected to the first air cooler, the water cooler, the purification device and the fuel cell in sequence; the water tank is connected to the second air cooler; the first air cooler and the second air cooler are both connected to the external air.

[0007] Furthermore, the ammonia decomposition device includes four first pipelines, a second pipeline, a third pipeline and a fourth pipeline arranged in parallel with each other; the first pipeline and the second pipeline are connected through a channel, the second pipeline and the third pipeline are connected through a channel, and the third pipeline and the fourth pipeline are also connected through a channel; an ammonia inlet is opened on the side wall of the first pipeline, and a decomposition gas outlet is opened on the side wall of the fourth pipeline.

[0008] Furthermore, the channel between the second pipeline and the first pipeline is arranged near the top end of the second pipeline, the channel between the second pipeline and the third pipeline is arranged near the bottom end of the second pipeline, the channel between the second pipeline and the third pipeline is also arranged near the bottom end of the third pipeline, and the channel between the third pipeline and the fourth pipeline is arranged near the top end of the third pipeline; the ammonia inlet is arranged near the bottom end of the first pipeline, the decomposition gas outlet is arranged near the bottom end of the fourth pipeline, and the ammonia inlet and the decomposition gas outlet are arranged opposite to each other.

[0009] Furthermore, the middle of the first pipe, the middle of the second pipe, the middle of the third pipe and the middle of the fourth pipe are all hollow structures, and the first heating rod, the second heating rod, the third heating rod and the fourth heating rod are respectively fixed in the middle of the first pipe, the middle of the second pipe, the middle of the third pipe and the middle of the fourth pipe; the outer wall of the first pipe, the outer wall of the second pipe, the outer wall of the third pipe and the outer wall of the fourth pipe are all covered with multiple heating sleeves.

[0010] Furthermore, the first pipe, the second pipe, the third pipe and the fourth pipe are all filled with an ammonia decomposition catalyst, and the ammonia decomposition catalyst is a ruthenium-based catalyst or a nickel-based catalyst.

[0011] Furthermore, it includes a first evaporator, a second evaporator, a first air cooler and a second air cooler; the buffer tank is connected to the first evaporator, and the first evaporator is connected to the heat exchanger; the expander is connected to the second evaporator, and the second evaporator is connected to the buffer tank.

[0012] Furthermore, the first evaporator is connected to the second evaporator.

[0013] Furthermore, it includes a first air cooler, a second air cooler and a preheater, the preheater is connected to the ammonia decomposition device; the first inlet of the preheater is connected to the heat exchanger, the first outlet of the preheater is connected to the ammonia decomposition device, the decomposition gas outlet of the ammonia decomposition device is connected to the second inlet of the preheater, the second outlet of the preheater is connected to the first air cooler, and the second air cooler is connected to the water tank.

[0014] The ammonia hydrogen power generation system suitable for cold chain electric vehicles described in the present invention adopts a cooling method combining air cooling and water cooling, and in combination with a water tank and an expander, the heat generated in the ammonia decomposition process can be fully utilized, and the heat balance inside the entire system is also achieved, ensuring that each component can operate stably, avoiding the situation where the temperature of each part is too high or too low during the operation of the system, and improving the overall operating life and efficiency of the system; the system combines the characteristics of high-speed movement of the vehicle, uses wind speed to accelerate the cooling demand of the ammonia decomposition device, and balances the water tank temperature by setting the natural wind circulation heat dissipation characteristics of the water tank, thereby improving the overall energy utilization rate and reducing the energy consumption of the system; at the same time, the system is provided with two power generation systems, one is the main power generation system, which produces hydrogen through ammonia decomposition and generates electricity with a fuel cell; the other is the backup power generation system, which refrigerates after expansion and drives the generator to generate electricity, and realizes the refrigeration of the refrigerated compartment through the properties of the ammonia refrigerant; the overall function and operation efficiency of the system are improved; the main power generation system is mainly used for the normal driving of the cold chain vehicle, and the backup power generation system can be used for auxiliary power systems such as lighting or emergency backup power supply to meet the unforeseen needs of the cold chain vehicle, meeting the overall requirements during the operation of the cold chain vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of an ammonia hydrogen power generation system suitable for cold chain electric vehicles according to the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of another ammonia hydrogen power generation system applicable to cold chain electric vehicles according to the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of another ammonia hydrogen power generation system applicable to cold chain electric vehicles according to the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of an ammonia decomposition device of an ammonia-hydrogen power generation system suitable for cold chain electric vehicles according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a structural cross-sectional view of an ammonia decomposition device of an ammonia-hydrogen power generation system suitable for cold chain electric vehicles described in the present invention.

[0021] 1-liquid ammonia tank, 2-buffer tank, 21-compressor, 3-temperature control mechanism, 31-first evaporator, 32-heat exchanger, 321-pressure reducing valve, 322-stop valve, 33-second evaporator, 34-preheater, 4-ammonia decomposition device, 41-ammonia inlet, 431-first pipeline, 432-second pipeline, 433-third pipeline, 434-fourth pipeline, 45-heating jacket, 5-air cooler, 51-first air cooler, 52-second air cooler, 6-water cooling mechanism, 61-water cooler, 62-water tank, 7-expander, 8-power generation mechanism, 81-purification device, 82-fuel cell, 9-power storage mechanism, 91-generator, 92-backup battery. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] like Figure 1 to Figure 5 As shown, an ammonia hydrogen power generation system suitable for cold chain electric vehicles according to the present invention comprises a liquid ammonia tank 1, a buffer tank 2, a temperature control mechanism 3, an ammonia decomposition device 4, a plurality of air coolers 5, a water cooling mechanism 6, an expander 7, a power generation mechanism 8 and a power storage mechanism 9;

[0024] The liquid ammonia tank 1 is connected to the buffer tank 2, and the temperature control mechanism 3 includes a first evaporator 31 and a heat exchanger 32, and the first evaporator 31 and the heat exchanger 32 are separately arranged; the buffer tank 2 is connected to the first evaporator 31 and the heat exchanger 32 respectively; the heat exchanger 32 is simultaneously connected to the ammonia inlet 41 of the ammonia decomposition device 4 and the expander 7;

[0025] The water cooling mechanism 6 includes a water cooler 61 and a water tank 62 which are interconnected, and the power generation mechanism 8 includes a purification device 81 and a fuel cell 82 which are arranged in series; the decomposed gas outlet 42 of the ammonia decomposition device 4 is sequentially connected to at least one of the air coolers 5, the water cooler 61, the purification device 81 and the fuel cell 82; the water tank 62 is also interconnected with the heat exchanger 32 and another of the air coolers 5 respectively;

[0026] The expander 7 is connected in series with another first evaporator 31 and the buffer tank 2 ; the expander 7 is also coaxially connected with the power storage mechanism 9 .

[0027] exist Figure 1In the embodiment, the ammonia decomposition system suitable for cold chain electric vehicles includes the first evaporator 31, the heat exchanger 32, the first air cooler 51 and the second air cooler 52; the liquid ammonia tank 1 is connected to the buffer tank 2, the buffer tank 2 is connected in series with the heat exchanger 32, and the heat exchanger 32 is further connected to the ammonia inlet 41 of the ammonia decomposition device 4; wherein the heat exchanger 32 is also connected to the water tank 62, and the heat exchanger 32 can exchange heat between the ammonia introduced from the buffer tank 2 and the liquid water in the water tank 62; the ammonia after heat exchange enters the ammonia decomposition device 4, and the ammonia in A decomposition reaction occurs in the ammonia decomposition device 4 to generate a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen; the decomposition gas outlet of the ammonia decomposition device 4 is connected to the first air cooler 51, wherein the first air cooler 51 is connected to the outside air, and the wind speed generated when the vehicle is running at high speed can accelerate the cooling of the mixed gas discharged from the decomposition gas outlet; at the same time, the outside air in the first air cooler 51 can also be heated, and the heated air can be used to increase the temperature inside the vehicle, so as to achieve effective utilization of the energy generated during the vehicle driving process; the heated decomposition gas is discharged from the first air cooler 51 and enters the first air cooler 51, which is connected to the first air cooler. The mixed gas is further cooled in the water cooler 61 connected to the cooler 51 to meet the temperature requirements of the gas during the subsequent fuel cell power generation. The water cooler 61 is also connected to the water tank 62. The water in the water tank 62 that has been cooled is passed into the water cooler 61 to cool the mixed gas. After the mixed gas is cooled, the cooled water is discharged from the water cooler 61 and re-enters the water tank 62 to achieve the circulation control of the internal temperature of the system. After the cooled mixed gas is discharged from the water cooler 61, it first enters the purification device 81. The purification device 81 is used to purify the mixed gas. The gas mixture is purified to remove the residual unreacted ammonia in the mixed gas. The purification device 81 is connected to the fuel cell 82, and the mixed gas purified by the purification device 81 is introduced into the fuel cell 82 for power generation; the fuel cell 82 converts the chemical energy of the mixed gas into electrical energy; further, the fuel cell 82 is connected in series with the battery 83, the motor 84 and the drive system 85 in sequence to provide electrical energy for the vehicle's drive system to drive its operation; more specifically, the heat exchanger 32 can preliminarily heat the liquid ammonia introduced from the buffer tank 2 to 1MPa, 25°C ammonia.

[0028] The heat exchanger 32 is also connected to the expander 7, and the expander 7 is connected to the first evaporator 31, and the first evaporator 31 is communicated with the buffer tank 2, and a compressor 21 is arranged between the first evaporator 31 and the buffer tank 2; a stop valve 322 is arranged between the heat exchanger 32 and the expander 7, and the stop valve 322 is used to control the flow of ammonia introduced from the heat exchanger 32 and into the expander 7, and the first evaporator 31 is also interconnected with the refrigerated compartment of the car; the expander 7 can reduce the pressure of the introduced ammonia to be suitable for the subsequent recycling and temperature cycle of the ammonia, and improve the temperature cycle of the overall system. The ammonia gas is discharged from the expander 7 and enters the first evaporator 31 for heating. When the ammonia gas passes through the first evaporator 31, the hot air generated during the refrigeration process is discharged from the refrigerated compartment and enters the first evaporator 31 to heat the ammonia gas after expansion and decompression by the expander 7 to increase the temperature of the ammonia gas. After the heated ammonia gas is discharged from the expander 7, it enters the compressor 21 for pressurization. The pressurized ammonia gas flows back to the buffer tank 2 to complete the refrigeration cycle of liquid ammonia. ; In this process, since the expander 7 is coaxially connected with the power storage mechanism 9, the power storage mechanism 9 can be driven to operate synchronously during the process of the expander 7 reducing the pressure and expanding the introduced ammonia gas; at the same time, the liquid ammonia after the pressure reduction passes through the first evaporator 31, and exchanges heat with the hot air discharged from the refrigerated compartment. The cold air formed after the heat exchange returns to the refrigerated compartment again for cooling the interior of the compartment, so as to improve the refrigeration effect of the refrigerated compartment; the evaporated ammonia gas enters the buffer tank 2 again after being pressurized by the compressor 21, completing the circulation of the ammonia gas, so as to be used for further ammonia decomposition to produce hydrogen, fuel cell power generation and discharge from the refrigerated compartment. Heat exchange between gases; while improving the operating efficiency of the overall system, it also improves the energy utilization rate of the system; fully utilizes the heat and ammonia in the system operation process to reduce the energy consumption of the system; more specifically, after expansion by the expander 7, the ammonia is converted into ammonia with a temperature of -18 to 4.14°C and a temperature of 0.2 to 0.5 MPa; after being heated by the first evaporator 31 and pressurized by the compressor 21, the ammonia entering the buffer tank 2 is 1 MPa and a temperature of 25°C, wherein the power storage mechanism 9 includes a generator 91 and a backup battery 92 connected in series, and the expander 7 is connected to the generator 91 in the power storage mechanism 9.

[0029] In order to balance the pressure of each part in the ammonia flow process, reduce energy loss and improve the efficiency of ammonia decomposition and fuel cell power generation; a pressure reducing valve 321 is arranged between the heat exchanger 32 and the ammonia inlet of the ammonia decomposition device 4, and the pressure reducing valve 321 is used to reduce the pressure of the ammonia discharged from the heat exchanger 32; the water tank 62 is connected to the second air cooler 52, and the second air cooler 52 is connected to the external air. Similarly, during the operation of the cold chain electric vehicle, the air in the high-speed process enters the second air cooler 52 to cool the fluid in the second air cooler 52; specifically, the water in the water tank 62 enters the second air cooler 52 for cooling, and the cooled water flows back to the water tank 62, and the cooled water can re-enter the water cooler 61 for further cooling the mixed gas, and at the same time Similarly, after the mixed gas is cooled down by the water discharged from the water cooler 61, the water with a higher temperature is discharged into the water tank 62, and then can enter the heat exchanger 32 again through the water tank 62 to heat the liquid ammonia introduced from the liquid ammonia tank 1, thereby promoting the endothermic decomposition of the liquid ammonia; the circulation of water between the water cooler 61, the water tank 62 and the heat exchanger 32 is realized, and the heat generated during the decomposition of ammonia and the operation of the vehicle is indirectly distributed among the water cooler 61, the water tank 62 and the heat exchanger 32; the heat distribution of ammonia decomposition and liquid ammonia evaporation is balanced; the ammonia decomposition and liquid ammonia evaporation can be carried out simultaneously and effectively, thereby improving the overall operation efficiency of the system; specifically, the temperature in the water tank 62 is maintained at 25°C, and the pressure of the ammonia entering the ammonia decomposition device 4 after being reduced pressure by the pressure reducing valve 321 is 0.3-0.5MPa.

[0030] like Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the ammonia decomposition device 4 includes four first pipelines 431, second pipelines 432, third pipelines 433 and fourth pipelines 434 arranged in parallel with each other, the first pipeline 431 and the second pipeline 432 are connected through a channel, the second pipeline 432 and the third pipeline 433 are connected through a channel, and the third pipeline 433 and the fourth pipeline 434 are also connected through a channel; in order to extend the flow distance of ammonia gas so that ammonia gas can undergo a more complete decomposition reaction in the ammonia decomposition device 4, preferably, the channel between the second pipeline 432 and the first pipeline 431 is arranged near the top end of the second pipeline 432, the channel between the second pipeline 432 and the third pipeline 433 is arranged near the bottom end of the second pipeline 432, the channel between the second pipeline 432 and the third pipeline 433 is also arranged near the bottom end of the third pipeline 433, and the third pipeline 433 and The channel between the fourth pipeline 434 is arranged near the top end of the third pipeline 433; an ammonia inlet 41 is provided on the side wall of the first pipeline 431, and the ammonia inlet 41 is arranged near the bottom end of the first pipeline 431; a decomposition gas outlet 42 is provided on the side wall of the fourth pipeline 434, and the decomposition gas outlet 42 is arranged near the bottom end of the fourth pipeline 434, and the ammonia inlet 41 and the decomposition gas outlet 42 are arranged opposite to each other; after ammonia enters the first pipeline 431 through the ammonia inlet 41, it passes through the second pipeline 432, the third pipeline 433 and the fourth pipeline 434 in sequence; because the channels connecting the multiple pipelines are alternately arranged and respectively arranged near the top and bottom ends of different pipelines, the ammonia flows in a zigzag manner between the multiple pipelines, thereby increasing the flow distance of the ammonia between the multiple sleeves, so that the ammonia can fully absorb heat and fully decompose into hydrogen and nitrogen, thereby improving the decomposition efficiency of the ammonia.

[0031] Among them, the middle of the first pipe 431, the middle of the second pipe 432, the middle of the third pipe 433 and the middle of the fourth pipe 434 are all hollow structures, and the first heating rod 441, the second heating rod 442, the third heating rod 443 and the fourth heating rod 444 are respectively fixed in the middle of the first pipe 431, the middle of the second pipe 432, the middle of the third pipe 433 and the middle of the fourth pipe 434, and the outer walls of the heating rods are correspondingly fixedly connected to the inner walls of the fixed pipes, and the first heating rod 441, the second heating rod 442, the third heating rod 443 and the fourth heating rod 444 respectively heat the ammonia flowing in the first pipe 431, the second pipe 432, the third pipe 433 and the fourth pipe 434. ; Multiple heating sleeves 45 are sleeved on the outer wall of the first pipe 431, the outer wall of the second pipe 432, the outer wall of the third pipe 433 and the outer wall of the fourth pipe 434; the multiple heating sleeves 45 can heat the ammonia inside the pipe accordingly, and heating rods are arranged inside the sleeves and heating sleeves are arranged outside to achieve heating on both sides, thereby increasing the heating area, so that the ammonia is fully heated to achieve ammonia decomposition reaction, and by connecting the sleeves in series, the flow channel is extended to increase the heating time and the path of the ammonia, so that the structure has an ideal tubular reactor effect; more preferably, the first pipe 431, the second pipe 432, the third pipe 433 and the fourth pipe 434 are filled with an ammonia decomposition catalyst, such as a ruthenium-based catalyst or a nickel-based catalyst, to further accelerate the decomposition efficiency of the ammonia.

[0032] exist Figure 2In the embodiment, the ammonia decomposition system suitable for cold chain electric vehicles includes a first evaporator 31, a second evaporator 33, a first air cooler 51 and a second air cooler 52, the buffer tank 2 is connected to the first evaporator 31, and the first evaporator 31 is connected to the heat exchanger 32; the expander 7 is connected to the second evaporator 33, the second evaporator 33 is connected to the buffer tank 2, and the compressor 21 is arranged between the second evaporator 33 and the buffer tank 2; wherein, the first evaporator 31 is connected to the refrigerated compartment, and the hot air exhausted from the refrigerated compartment is passed into the first evaporator 31, so as to achieve the preliminary heating of the liquid ammonia in the first evaporator 31, and partially heat the buffered liquid ammonia to form ammonia gas, so as to improve the heat exchange effect of the liquid ammonia in the subsequent heat exchanger 32; after heat exchange and cooling The hot air after evaporation from the first evaporator 31 flows back into the refrigerated compartment again for cooling the refrigerated compartment; preferably, in order to further utilize the heat of the hot air discharged from the first heat exchanger 31 to improve the heating of the liquid ammonia introduced from the expander 7, the first evaporator 31 is also connected to the second evaporator 33, and the second evaporator 33 is connected to the refrigerated compartment, so that the hot air discharged after evaporation through the first evaporator 31 is passed into the second evaporator 33 again, and the discharged hot air can continue to heat the liquid ammonia introduced from the expander 7 in the second evaporator 33; while further reducing the heat of the discharged hot air, the liquid ammonia is also vaporized to be suitable for subsequent ammonia circulation applications and cooling the refrigerated compartment; improving the overall temperature balance and temperature utilization of the system.

[0033] exist Figure 3In the embodiment, the ammonia decomposition system suitable for cold chain electric vehicles includes a preheater 34, a first air cooler 51 and a second air cooler 52; the preheater 34 is directly connected to the pressure reducing valve 321, and the preheater 34 is connected to the ammonia decomposition device 4; specifically, the first inlet of the preheater 34 is connected to the pressure reducing valve 321, the first outlet of the preheater 34 is connected to the ammonia inlet 41 of the ammonia decomposition device 4, the decomposition gas outlet 42 of the ammonia decomposition device 4 is connected to the second inlet of the preheater 34, and the second outlet of the preheater is connected to the first air cooler 51; the preheater 34 first preheats the ammonia after the pressure reduction by the pressure reducing valve 321, thereby improving the subsequent ammonia decomposition. The required heat and ammonia decomposition efficiency are achieved by preheating the ammonia into the ammonia decomposition device 4 for decomposition to generate a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen; the mixed gas is discharged from the decomposition gas outlet 42 and then introduced into the preheater 34 again, thereby increasing the temperature of the gas discharged from the mixed gas outlet 42, thereby also increasing the temperature of the gas discharged from the first air cooler 51 after subsequent cooling, and the temperature of the water discharged from the water cooler 61 and entering the water tank 62; since the water tank 62 is interconnected with the heat exchanger 32, the heating effect of the liquid ammonia in the heat exchanger 32 is also increased, thereby improving the heat cycle and energy utilization rate of the system; and enabling each component to operate efficiently and stably.

[0034] The ammonia decomposition system suitable for cold chain electric vehicles adopts a cooling method combining air cooling and water cooling, and combines a water tank and an expander, so that the heat generated in the ammonia decomposition process can be fully utilized, and at the same time, the heat balance inside the entire system is achieved, ensuring that each component can operate stably, avoiding the situation where the temperature of each part is too high or too low during the operation of the system, and improving the overall operation life and efficiency of the system; the system combines the characteristics of high-speed movement of the vehicle, uses wind speed to accelerate the cooling demand of the ammonia decomposition device, and balances the water tank temperature by setting the natural wind circulation heat dissipation characteristics of the water tank, thereby improving the overall energy utilization rate and reducing the energy consumption of the system; at the same time The system is equipped with two power generation systems, one is the main power generation system, which produces hydrogen through the decomposition of ammonia and generates electricity with fuel cells; the other is the backup power generation system, which refrigerates through expansion and then drives the generator to generate electricity, and realizes the refrigeration of the refrigerated compartment through the properties of ammonia refrigerant; the overall function and operation efficiency of the system are improved; the main power generation system is mainly used for the normal driving of the cold chain vehicle, while the backup power generation system can be used for auxiliary power systems such as lighting or emergency backup power supply to meet the unexpected needs of the cold chain vehicle, meeting the overall requirements during the operation of the cold chain vehicle; more specifically, the pressure of the ammonia gas entering the preheater 34 after being reduced in pressure by the pressure reducing valve 321 is 0.3~0.5MPa.

[0035] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. However, the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ammonia hydrogen power generation system suitable for cold chain electric vehicles, comprising a liquid ammonia tank, a buffer tank, a temperature control mechanism, an ammonia decomposition device, a first air cooler, a second air cooler, a water cooling mechanism, an expander, a power generation mechanism and a power storage mechanism; characterized in that: The liquid ammonia tank is connected to the buffer tank, the temperature control mechanism includes a first evaporator, a second evaporator and a heat exchanger, the first evaporator and the heat exchanger are arranged separately; the buffer tank is connected to the first evaporator, and the first evaporator is further connected to the heat exchanger; the heat exchanger is connected to the ammonia inlet of the ammonia decomposition device and the expander at the same time; a stop valve is arranged between the heat exchanger and the expander, a compressor is arranged between the second evaporator and the buffer tank; a pressure reducing valve is arranged between the heat exchanger and the ammonia decomposition device; The pressure reducing valve and the stop valve are respectively located on different branches, the ammonia gas discharged from the heat exchanger flows through the pressure reducing valve into the ammonia decomposition device, and the ammonia gas discharged from the heat exchanger flows through the stop valve into the expander; The water cooling mechanism includes a water cooler and a water tank that are interconnected, and the power generation mechanism includes a purification device and a fuel cell that are arranged in series; the decomposition gas outlet of the ammonia decomposition device is connected to the first air cooler, the water cooler, the purification device and the fuel cell in sequence; the water tank is also interconnected with the heat exchanger and the second air cooler respectively; the first air cooler and the second air cooler are both connected to the outside air; The first evaporator is connected to the second evaporator; the first evaporator is connected to the refrigerated compartment, the second evaporator is connected to the refrigerated compartment, the hot air exhausted from the refrigerated compartment is passed into the first evaporator for preliminary heating of the liquid ammonia in the first evaporator, the hot air exhausted after evaporation by the first evaporator is passed into the second evaporator again, and then discharged from the second evaporator and enters the refrigerated compartment; The expander is communicated with the second evaporator, and the second evaporator is connected to the buffer tank; the expander is also coaxially connected to the power storage mechanism.

2. According to claim 1, an ammonia hydrogen power generation system suitable for cold chain electric vehicles is characterized in that: The ammonia decomposition device comprises four first pipelines, a second pipeline, a third pipeline and a fourth pipeline which are arranged in parallel with each other; the first pipeline and the second pipeline are connected through a channel, the second pipeline and the third pipeline are connected through a channel, and the third pipeline and the fourth pipeline are also connected through a channel; an ammonia inlet is provided on the side wall of the first pipeline, and a decomposition gas outlet is provided on the side wall of the fourth pipeline.

3. The ammonia hydrogen power generation system suitable for cold chain electric vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The channel between the second pipeline and the first pipeline is arranged near the top end of the second pipeline, the channel between the second pipeline and the third pipeline is arranged near the bottom end of the second pipeline, the channel between the second pipeline and the third pipeline is also arranged near the bottom end of the third pipeline, and the channel between the third pipeline and the fourth pipeline is arranged near the top end of the third pipeline; the ammonia inlet is arranged near the bottom end of the first pipeline, the decomposition gas outlet is arranged near the bottom end of the fourth pipeline, and the ammonia inlet and the decomposition gas outlet are arranged opposite to each other.

4. The ammonia hydrogen power generation system suitable for cold chain electric vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The middle of the first pipe, the middle of the second pipe, the middle of the third pipe and the middle of the fourth pipe are all hollow structures, and the first heating rod, the second heating rod, the third heating rod and the fourth heating rod are respectively fixed in the middle of the first pipe, the middle of the second pipe, the middle of the third pipe and the middle of the fourth pipe; the outer wall of the first pipe, the outer wall of the second pipe, the outer wall of the third pipe and the outer wall of the fourth pipe are all covered with multiple heating sleeves.

5. The ammonia hydrogen power generation system suitable for cold chain electric vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first pipe, the second pipe, the third pipe and the fourth pipe are all filled with an ammonia decomposition catalyst, and the ammonia decomposition catalyst is a ruthenium-based catalyst or a nickel-based catalyst.

6. The ammonia hydrogen power generation system suitable for cold chain electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first air cooler, a second air cooler and a preheater, wherein the preheater is connected to the ammonia decomposition device; a first inlet of the preheater is connected to the heat exchanger, a first outlet of the preheater is connected to the ammonia decomposition device, a decomposed gas outlet of the ammonia decomposition device is connected to a second inlet of the preheater, a second outlet of the preheater is connected to the first air cooler, and the second air cooler is connected to the water tank.

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