Power scaling factor selection techniques for probabilistic shaping systems

Abstract

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for power scaling factor selection techniques for probabilistic shaping systems. In some aspects, a communication device may support probabilistic amplitude shaping such that constellation points with relatively larger or smaller amplitudes are relatively more frequently or less selected than they without shaping, and the communication device may apply one or more power scaling processes, in particular associated with the probabilistic amplitude shaping, such that the constellation points with relatively larger or smaller amplitudes are selected more frequently or less than they without shaping. To achieve a target or expected average transmit power over the set of transmitted modulation symbols. The communication device may support a first power scaling process associated with a first power scaling factor for initial transmission, and may support a second power scaling process for retransmission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, including power scaling factor selection techniques for probabilistic shaping systems. Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcasting, etc. These systems may be able to support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (such as time, frequency and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems (such as long term evolution (LTE) systems, advanced LTE (LTE-A) systems or LTE-APro systems) and fifth generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as new radio (NR) systems). These systems may use techniques such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) or discrete Fourier transform extended orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations (BS) or one or more network access nodes, each base station or network access node simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, which may be referred to as user equipment (UE) in addition. Summary of the invention

[0003] The systems, methods, and devices of the disclosure each have several innovative aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for the desirable attributes disclosed herein.

[0004] One innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in a method for wireless communication at a wireless device. The method may include: selecting a power scaling factor corresponding to a data message based on a coded modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message; and sending the data message based on the coded modulation scheme, including encoding the information bits based on the probability shaping scheme and applying power scaling to the data message based on the power scaling factor.

[0005] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in an apparatus for wireless communication at a passive wireless device. The apparatus may include an interface and a processing system. The processing system may be configured to select a power scaling factor corresponding to a data message based on a coded modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message. The interface may be configured to output the data message based on the coded modulation scheme, including encoding the information bits according to the probability shaping scheme and applying power scaling to the data message according to the power scaling factor.

[0006] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in an apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to select a power scaling factor corresponding to a data message according to a coding modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message; and send the data message according to the coding modulation scheme, including encoding the information bits according to the probability shaping scheme and applying power scaling to the data message according to the power scaling factor.

[0007] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in another apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device. The apparatus may include means for selecting a power scaling factor corresponding to a data message based on a coded modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message, and means for sending the data message based on the coded modulation scheme, including encoding the information bits based on the probability shaping scheme and applying power scaling to the data message based on the power scaling factor.

[0008] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a wireless device. The code can include instructions executable by a processor to: select a power scaling factor corresponding to a data message based on a coded modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message; and send the data message based on the coded modulation scheme, including encoding the information bits based on the probability shaping scheme and applying power scaling to the data message based on the power scaling factor.

[0009] One innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in a method for wireless communication at a wireless device. The method may include: selecting a power scaling factor corresponding to a data message based on a coded modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message; and receiving the data message based on the coded modulation scheme, including decoding the information bits based on the probability shaping scheme and considering power scaling of the data message based on the power scaling factor.

[0010] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in an apparatus for wireless communication at a passive wireless device. The apparatus may include an interface and a processing system. The processing system may be configured to select a power scaling factor corresponding to a data message based on a decoding modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message. The interface may be configured to obtain the data message based on the decoding modulation scheme, including decoding the information bits based on the probability shaping scheme and considering power scaling of the data message based on the power scaling factor.

[0011] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in an apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to select a power scaling factor corresponding to a data message according to a coding modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message; and receive the data message according to the coding modulation scheme, including decoding the information bits according to the probability shaping scheme and considering power scaling of the data message according to the power scaling factor.

[0012] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in another apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device. The apparatus may include means for selecting a power scaling factor corresponding to a data message based on a coded modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message, and means for receiving the data message based on the coded modulation scheme, including decoding the information bits based on the probability shaping scheme and considering power scaling of the data message based on the power scaling factor.

[0013] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a wireless device. The code can include instructions executable by a processor to: select a power scaling factor corresponding to a data message based on a coded modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message; and receive the data message based on the coded modulation scheme, including decoding the information bits based on the probability shaping scheme and considering power scaling of the data message based on the power scaling factor.

[0014] Details of one or more specific implementations of the subject matter described in the present disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the following description. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the specification, drawings, and claims. Note that the relative dimensions in the drawings may not be drawn to scale. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1An example of a wireless communication system supporting a power scaling factor selection technique for a probabilistic shaping system is shown.

[0016] Figure 2 An example signaling diagram supporting a power scaling factor selection technique for a probabilistic shaping system is shown.

[0017] Figure 3 An example ring buffer supporting a power scaling factor selection technique for a probabilistic shaping system is shown.

[0018] Figure 4 An example transmission scheme supporting a power scaling factor selection technique for a probabilistic shaping system is shown.

[0019] Figure 5 An example process flow supporting a power scaling factor selection technique for a probabilistic shaping system is shown.

[0020] Figure 6 A block diagram of an example device supporting a power scaling factor selection technique for a probabilistic shaping system is shown.

[0021] Figure 7 and Figure 8 A flow chart illustrating a method of supporting a power scaling factor selection technique for a probabilistic shaping system is shown.

[0022] The same reference numbers and designations in different drawings indicate similar elements. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] For the purpose of describing the innovative aspects of the present disclosure, the following description refers to some specific implementations. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the teachings herein can be applied in a variety of different ways. The described specific implementations can be implemented in any device, system, or network capable of sending and receiving radio frequency (RF) signals in accordance with any one of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 16.11 standards or any one of the following: IEEE 802.11 standards, Standard, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), GSM / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA), Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA), Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO), 1xEV-DO, EV-DO Rev A, EV-DO Rev B, High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), High Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), High Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), Evolved High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA+), Long Term Evolution (LTE), AMPS, or other known signals for communicating within a wireless, cellular or Internet of Things (IOT) network, such as a system utilizing third generation (3G) technology, fourth generation (4G) technology, or fifth generation (5G) technology, or another specific implementation thereof.

[0024] In some systems, a transmitting device may modulate a set of information bits onto a carrier frequency using constellation points associated with the set of information bits. The constellation points may be selected from a defined constellation or set of points in a plane, such as a plane defined by the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components of a carrier frequency, wherein each point in the constellation corresponds to a different set or arrangement of information bits. In some modulation schemes, the probability of selection of each constellation point may be approximately equal. Such modulation schemes may be associated with a shaping loss at relatively high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values, which may refer to how the achievable information rate reaches a plateau at various SNR values ​​according to a particular modulation scheme. In addition, in some systems, such as in cellular or wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) systems, devices may use higher and higher modulation orders in order to improve spectral efficiency at higher and higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values.

[0025] To address this shaping loss and maintain sufficient spectral efficiency, some systems may deploy modulation schemes associated with probabilistic shaping, which may be a technique for generating non-uniformly distributed constellation points. In some examples of probabilistic shaping (such as probabilistic amplitude shaping), constellation points associated with larger amplitudes may be selected more or less frequently than constellation points associated with lower amplitudes (where amplitude is positively correlated with transmit power). As part of a transmit operation, a transmitting device may apply a power scaling factor to increase the likelihood that a signal transmitted via a selected constellation point has an average power equal to a constant value (such as a value of 1). Some systems may employ a fixed power scaling factor for each modulation and coding scheme (MCS). Such a fixed power scaling factor may be incompatible with transmissions associated with probabilistic shaping (such as probabilistic amplitude shaping) because the transmitting device may use a transmit power for such transmissions that is weighted toward a relatively higher or lower transmit power.

[0026] In some embodiments, the transmitting device and the receiving device may support one or more signaling or configuration-based mechanisms according to which the transmitting device and the receiving device may apply a power scaling process to transmissions associated with probability shaping. In such embodiments, the transmitting device and the receiving device may select, identify, detect, or otherwise determine a power scaling factor associated with a power scaling process for each MCS in an MCS table that is specific to probability shaping. In some aspects, the power scaling factor may be an absolute power scaling factor (such as an explicitly defined or indicated power scaling factor). In some other aspects, the power scaling factor may be associated with a relative power scaling factor (such as a power scaling factor to be applied in combination with a second power scaling factor defined or indicated for a uniform distribution of constellation points). In some other aspects, the power scaling factor may be a calculated power scaling factor that depends on one or more probability shaping parameters.

[0027] Furthermore, in some implementations, the transmitting device and the receiving device may use a second power scaling process for retransmissions associated with probabilistic shaping, wherein such a second power scaling process may take into account the likelihood of probabilistically shaped retransmissions to include shaped constellation points, unshaped constellation points, or any combination thereof (because the retransmissions may include at least some unshaped parity bits). The second power scaling process may include using a single power scaling factor for both shaped and unshaped constellation points or using separate power scaling factors for shaped constellation points and unshaped constellation points. Additionally or alternatively, the second power scaling process may include exclusive selection of unshaped constellation points or interleaving or scrambling of bits or selected constellation points such that the transmitted modulation symbols (which may correspond to the selected constellation points) are effectively associated with a uniform distribution.

[0028] Specific implementations of the subject matter described in the present disclosure may be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. For example, based on supporting one or more power scaling processes associated with transmissions involving probability shaping, a transmitting device and a receiving device may obtain mutually understood information regarding which power scaling factor to use for a given signal transmission while maintaining a target average transmit power and achieving a relatively high information rate associated with probability shaping (such as probability amplitude shaping). In addition, as a result of both the transmitting device and the receiving device obtaining mutually understood information regarding which power scaling factor to use, the receiving device may have a greater likelihood of successfully demodulating and decoding the signal. As a result, the transmitting device and the receiving device may experience higher reliability, higher data rates, greater system capacity, and greater spectral efficiency, among other benefits.

[0029] Figure 1An example wireless communication system 100 supporting a power scaling factor selection technique for a probabilistic shaping system is shown. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an Advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating according to other systems and radio technologies (including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein).

[0030] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communication system 100, and may include devices in different forms or with different capabilities. In various examples, the network entities 105 may be referred to as network elements, mobility elements, radio access network (RAN) nodes, or other nomenclature such as network equipment. In some specific implementations, the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125, such as radio frequency (RF) access links. For example, the network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110, such as a geographic coverage area, over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which the network entity 105 and the UEs 115 may support signal communications according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0031] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile, or stationary and mobile at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or with different capabilities. Figure 1 Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein are capable of supporting communication with various types of devices, such as Figure 1 Communicate with other UEs 115 or network entities 105) as shown.

[0032] As described herein, a node of the wireless communication system 100 (which may be referred to as a network node or a wireless node) may be a network entity 105 (such as any network entity described herein), a UE 115 (such as any UE described herein), a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, the node may be a UE 115. As another example, the node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In other aspects of this example, the first node, the second node, and the third node may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, references to UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, etc. may include disclosure of UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, etc. as nodes. For example, a disclosure that UE 115 is configured to receive information from network entity 105 also discloses that the first node is configured to receive information from a second node.

[0033] In some implementations, the network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or with each other, or both. For example, the network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (such as according to S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocols). In some implementations, the network entities 105 may communicate with each other via the backhaul communication links 120 (such as according to X2, Xn, or other interface protocols) directly (such as directly between the network entities 105) or indirectly (such as via the core network 130). In some implementations, the network entities 105 may communicate with each other via the midhaul communication links 162 (such as according to the midhaul interface protocol) or the fronthaul communication links 168 (such as according to the fronthaul interface protocol), or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication links 120, the midhaul communication links 162, or the fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (such as electrical links, optical fiber links), one or more wireless links (such as radio links, wireless optical links), and other examples or various combinations thereof. UE 115 may communicate with core network 130 via communication link 155 .

[0034] One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station (BS) 140 (such as a transceiver base station, a radio BS, an NRBS, an access point, a radio transceiver, a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNB), a next generation Node B, or a giga Node B (any of which may be referred to as a gNB), a 5G NB, a next generation eNB (ng-eNB), a home Node B, a home evolved Node B, or other suitable terms). In some specific implementations, the network entity 105 (such as BS 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (such as a monolithic, standalone) BS architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (such as a single RAN node, such as BS 140).

[0035] In some implementations, the network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture, such as a disaggregated BS architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed between two or more network entities 105, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) such as a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance, or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) such as a cloud RAN (C-RAN). For example, the network entity 105 may include one or more of the following: a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 175 such as a near real-time RIC (near RT RIC), a non-real-time RIC (non-RT RIC), a service management and orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio unit (RRU), or a transmit receive point (TRP). One or more components of the network entity 105 in the decomposed RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entity 105 may be located in distributed locations (such as separate physical locations). In some implementations, one or more network entities 105 of the decomposed RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (such as virtual CU (VCU), virtual DU (VDU), virtual RU (VRU)).

[0036] The functional split between CU 160, DU 165, and RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities, depending on which functions (such as network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combination thereof) are performed at CU 160, DU 165, and RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between CU 160 and DU 165, such that CU 160 may support one or more layers of a protocol stack, and DU 165 may support one or more different layers of a protocol stack. In some implementations, CU 160 may host higher protocol layer (such as layer 3 (L3), layer 2 (L2)) functionality and signaling (such as radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP)). The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170, and the one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170 may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (such as a physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (such as a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between the DU 165 and the RU 170, such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or more different cells (such as via one or more RUs 170). In some implementations, the functional split between CU 160 and DU 165 or between DU 165 and RU 170 may be within the protocol layer (such as some functions of the protocol layer may be performed by one of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170). CU 160 may be further functionally split into CU control plane (CU-CP) functions and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 via midhaul communication links 162 (such as F1, F1-c, F1-u), and DU 165 may be connected to one or more RUs 170 via fronthaul communication links 168 (such as an open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some implementations, the midhaul communication link 162 or the fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented based on interfaces (such as channels) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 105 that communicate via these communication links.

[0037] In some wireless communication systems (such as wireless communication system 100), infrastructure and spectrum resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, thereby providing an IAB network architecture (such as to core network 130). In some specific implementations, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (such as IAB nodes 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as host entities or IAB hosts. One or more DUs 165 or one or more RUs 170 may be partially controlled by one or more CUs 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (such as donor BS 140). One or more donor network entities 105 (such as IAB donors) may communicate with one or more additional network entities 105 (such as IAB nodes 104) via supported access and backhaul links (such as backhaul communication links 120). IAB nodes 104 may include IAB mobile terminations (IAB-MTs) controlled (such as scheduling) by DUs 165 of coupled IAB donors. The IAB-MT may include an independent set of antennas for relaying communications with the UE 115, or may share the same antennas of the IAB node 104 (such as RU 170) for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 (such as referred to as a virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some implementations, the IAB node 104 may include a DU 165 that supports communication links with additional entities (such as IAB nodes 104, UE 115) within a relay chain or configuration (such as downstream) of the access network. In such implementations, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (such as one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of the IAB node 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.

[0038] In a specific implementation in which the techniques described herein are applied to the context of a decomposed RAN architecture, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture may be configured to support the power scaling factor selection techniques for a probabilistic shaping system as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (such as a BS 140) may additionally or alternatively be performed by one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (such as an IAB node 104, a DU 165, a CU 160, a RU 170, a RIC 175, a SMO 180).

[0039] UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a user device, or some other appropriate terminology, where a "device" may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some specific implementations, UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communication (MTC) device, etc., which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances or vehicles, meters, and the like.

[0040] The UE 115 described herein may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115, which may sometimes act as relays, as well as network entities 105 and network equipment (including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay BSs, etc.), such as Figure 1 shown.

[0041] The UE 115 and the network entity 105 may wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 (such as access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term "carrier" may refer to a collection of RF spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting the communication link 125. For example, a carrier for the communication link 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (such as a bandwidth portion (BWP)) that operates according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-APro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (such as synchronization signals, system information), control signaling for coordinating carrier operations, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communication system 100 may support communications with the UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. Depending on the carrier aggregation configuration, the UE 115 may be configured to have multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers. Carrier aggregation may be used for both frequency division duplex (FDD) component carriers and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers. Communication between the network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between these devices and any part (such as an entity, a sub-entity) of the network entity 105. For example, the terms "send", "receive" or "communicate" when referring to the network entity 105 may refer to any part of the network entity 105 (such as BS 140, CU 160, DU 165, RU 170) of the RAN communicating with another device (such as directly or via one or more other network entities 105).

[0042] The signal waveform transmitted via the carrier may be composed of multiple subcarriers (such as using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system using MCM technology, a resource element may refer to a symbol period (such as the duration of a modulation symbol) and a resource of a subcarrier, where the symbol period and the subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (such as the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), so that a relatively high number of resource elements (such as in the transmission duration) and a relatively high order modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively high communication rate. Wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of RF spectrum resources, time resources, and spatial resources (such as spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity used for communication with UE 115.

[0043] The time interval for the network entity 105 or the UE 115 may be expressed as a multiple of a basic time unit. In some implementations, the basic time unit may refer to a sampling period T s =1 / (Δf max ·N f ) seconds, where Δf max It can represent the supported subcarrier spacing, and N f The supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size may be indicated. The time intervals of the communication resources may be organized according to radio frames each having a specific duration, such as 10 milliseconds (ms). Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN), such as in the range of 0 to 1023.

[0044] Each frame may include a plurality of consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some implementations, a frame may be divided into subframes (such as in the time domain), and each subframe may be further divided into a certain number of time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include a certain number of symbol periods (such as this depends on the length of the cyclic prefix added in front of each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, a time slot may also be divided into a plurality of mini-time slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (such as N) time slots. f The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0045] A subframe, slot, mini-slot, or symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 (such as in the time domain), and may be referred to as a transmit time interval (TTI). In some implementations, the TTI duration (such as the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 may be dynamically selected (such as in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)).

[0046] Physical channels may be multiplexed using carriers for communication according to various techniques. For example, physical control channels and physical data channels may be multiplexed via downlink carriers for signaling using one or more of a time division multiplexing (TDM) technique, a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) technique, or a hybrid TDM-FDM technique. A control region for a physical control channel, such as a control resource set (CORESET), may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across a system bandwidth or a subset of a system bandwidth of a carrier. One or more control regions, such as CORESETs, may be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search the control region for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. The aggregation level of the control channel candidates may refer to the number of control channel resources, such as control channel elements (CCEs), associated with the coding information for a control information format having a given payload size. The search space sets may include a common search space set configured for transmitting control information to a plurality of UEs 115 , and a UE-specific search space set for transmitting control information to a specific UE 115 .

[0047] In some implementations, the network entities 105 (such as BS 140, RU 170) can be mobile and thus provide communication coverage for mobile coverage areas 110. In some implementations, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies can overlap, but different coverage areas 110 can be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies can be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communication system 100 can include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of network entities 105 provide coverage for various coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.

[0048] The wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). The UE 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable or low-latency or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communication may include private communication or group communication, and may be supported by one or more services (such as push-to-talk, video, or data). Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety applications or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency are used interchangeably herein.

[0049] In some implementations, a UE 115 may be configured to support communication directly with other UEs 115 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (such as according to a peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D, or sidelink protocol). In some implementations, one or more UEs 115 in a group that are performing D2D communication may be within a coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (such as a BS 140, RU 170), which may support various aspects of such D2D communication configured (such as scheduling) by the network entity 105. In some implementations, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside of the coverage area 110 of the network entity 105, or may otherwise be unable or not configured to receive transmissions from the network entity 105. In some implementations, a group of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communication may support a one-to-many (1:M) system, in which each UE 115 transmits to each other UE 115 in the group. In some implementations, the network entity 105 may facilitate scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be conducted between UEs 115 without involving the network entity 105.

[0050] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), and the EPC or 5GC may include at least one control plane entity (such as a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) for managing access and mobility, and at least one user plane entity (such as a serving gateway (S-GW), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)) for routing packets or interconnecting to an external network. The control plane entity may manage non-access layer (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management of UE115 served by a network entity 105 (such as BS140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be delivered through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation and other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to an IP service 150 for one or more network operators. IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0051] The wireless communication system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands that may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). Typically, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is referred to as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelength range is approximately one decimeter to one meter. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features (which may be referred to as clusters), but these waves may be sufficient to penetrate structures so that macro cells provide services to UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (such as less than 100 kilometers) compared to communications using lower frequencies and longer waves in the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

[0052] The wireless communication system 100 may also operate in an ultra-high frequency (SHF) region (also referred to as a centimeter band) that may be within the range of 3 GHz to 30 GHz or an extremely high frequency (EHF) region (also referred to as a millimeter band) that uses a spectrum (such as from 30 GHz to 300 GHz). In some specific implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between UE 115 and network entity 105 (such as BS140, RU 170), and the EHF antenna of the corresponding device may be smaller and closer than the UHF antenna. In some specific implementations, such technology may facilitate the use of antenna arrays within the device. However, the propagation of EHF transmission may be subjected to even greater attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmission. The technology disclosed herein may be adopted across transmissions using one or more different frequency regions, and the use of frequency bands specified across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulatory agency.

[0053] The wireless communication system 100 may utilize both licensed RF spectrum bands and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may employ licensed assisted access (LAA), LTE unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology using unlicensed bands such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. When operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entity 105 and the UE 115 may employ carrier sensing for conflict detection and avoidance. In some specific implementations, operations using unlicensed bands may be associated with a carrier aggregation configuration in coordination with component carriers operating using licensed bands (such as LAA). Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, as well as other examples.

[0054] The network entity 105 (such as BS 140, RU 170) or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which can be used to employ technologies such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication, or beamforming. The antennas of the network entity 105 or UE 115 may be located in one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more BS antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly (such as an antenna tower). In some specific implementations, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with the network entity 105 may be located at different geographical locations. The network entity 105 may include an antenna array having a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 can use to support beamforming for communication with the UE 115. Similarly, the UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panel may support RF beamforming for signals sent via the antenna ports.

[0055] Beamforming (which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (such as a network entity 105, a UE 115) to form or direct an antenna beam (such as a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals conveyed via antenna elements of an antenna array so that some signals propagating along a particular orientation relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to signals conveyed via antenna elements may include the transmitting device or the receiving device applying an amplitude offset, a phase offset, or both to signals carried via antenna elements associated with the device. Adjustments associated with each antenna element may be defined by a set of beamforming weights associated with a particular orientation (such as relative to the antenna array of the transmitting device or the receiving device, or relative to some other orientation).

[0056] UE 115 and network entity 105 may support retransmission of data to increase the likelihood that the data is successfully received. Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback is a technique for increasing the likelihood of correctly receiving data via a communication link (such as communication link 125, D2D communication link 135). HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using cyclic redundancy check (CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ)). HARQ may improve the throughput of the MAC layer under poor radio conditions (such as low signal-to-noise ratio conditions). In some specific implementations, a device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, wherein the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific time slot for data received via a previous symbol in the time slot. In some other examples, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent time slot or according to some other time interval.

[0057] In some wireless communication systems (such as the wireless communication system 100), a communication device (such as one or more UEs 115 or one or more network entities 105, or any combination thereof) may employ probabilistic shaping. In some specific implementations, the communication device may employ a type of probabilistic shaping associated with shaping the amplitude of a constellation point, which may be referred to herein as probabilistic amplitude shaping. According to probabilistic amplitude shaping, constellation points associated with relatively higher or lower amplitudes in a constellation point set may be selected for transmission relatively more frequently or less frequently than when the constellation point set is not associated with probabilistic amplitude shaping. For example, some modulation schemes such as a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) scheme may be associated with fixed constellation points, and such fixed constellation points may be associated with or referred to as a square constellation, and a transmitting device may select each constellation point with equal probability (or approximately equal probability). In some systems (such as cellular or Wi-Fi systems), higher order modulation (such as 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM, etc.) may be used to improve spectral efficiency at relatively high SNR values.

[0058] Uniform QAM may refer to a QAM scheme in which each constellation point is associated with an equal probability of selection. For example, with respect to a transmitter process (such as a process of steps associated with transmission), a transmitting device may input an information payload into a channel decoding step, scramble the output of the channel decoding to obtain a set of uniformly distributed bits, input the set of uniformly distributed bits into a modulation step, and obtain a set of uniformly distributed QAM constellations as an output of the modulation. For example, according to such a transmitter process, different bit streams may be associated with different constellation points, and a transmitting device may have a probability of selecting a first constellation point from a set of QAM constellations that is approximately equal to a second constellation point.

[0059] In an example bit sequence mapping for a 16QAM signal, a bit stream of "0000" may be mapped to a first constellation point, a bit stream of "0001" may be mapped to a second constellation point, a bit stream of "0010" may be mapped to a third constellation point, and so on (where the first constellation point, the second constellation point, and the third constellation point may be associated with different amplitudes or phases), and the transmitting device may have approximately equal probability of selecting the first constellation point, the second constellation point, and the third constellation point for transmission based on using a uniformly distributed set of constellation points. In general, a 4-bit stream may be represented as b(0)b(1)b(2)b(3), where b(0)b(2) may define a column in a constellation diagram and b(1)b(3) may define a row in a constellation diagram. In addition, the distance along the axis from the origin of the constellation diagram associated with transmitting 4 bits may be approximately to the first row or column and approximate To a second row or column, where such distance may be associated or correlated with amplitude and transmit power.

[0060] Uniform QAM and other uniform modulation schemes may suffer from shaping losses at relatively high SNR values ​​compared to modulation schemes involving probabilistic shaping. For example, using information rate comparison, uniform quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), uniform 16QAM, uniform 64QAM, and uniform 256QAM can track the information rate (such as the number of bits used per channel) of probabilistic shaping (associated with a configured or calculated constellation distribution) for some, if not all, SNR values.

[0061] Therefore, in some specific implementations, the communication device may use probability shaping to further improve the spectral efficiency of the decoded modulation, which probability shaping may refer to a technique for generating decoded modulation symbols (such as constellation points) with non-uniform distribution. In other words, the communication device may use probability shaping to increase (such as maximize) the amount of information (such as the amount of mutual information, where mutual information may refer to a measure of the mutual dependence between two or more variables) that the device can input or send according to the input power constraint. As described herein, probability shaping may take various forms, including probability amplitude shaping. In a deployment scenario where the communication device uses probability shaping, the communication device (such as a transmitting device and a receiving device) may use a power scaling process that is specific to probability shaping or otherwise associated with probability shaping (such as specific to probability amplitude shaping or otherwise associated with probability amplitude shaping). In some specific implementations, for example, the communication device may support one or more processes or considerations regarding power scaling for initial transmission and retransmission based on probability shaping.

[0062] In addition, constellation points, modulation symbols, and modulated symbols may be used interchangeably herein. A constellation point may be associated with an I component and a Q component, wherein the I component may be associated with the real part of the constellation point, and the Q component may be associated with the imaginary part of the constellation point. A constellation diagram or set may include a dispersion or distribution of constellation points in a grid defined by a vertical imaginary axis representing the Q component and a horizontal real axis representing the I component. The angle of a point in a constellation diagram or set, which may be measured counterclockwise from the horizontal axis, may represent a phase shift of a carrier from a reference phase. The distance of a point from the origin may represent a measure of the amplitude or power of a signal.

[0063] In a digital modulation system, information may be sent as a series of samples, each sample occupying a uniform duration. During each sample, the carrier may have a constant amplitude and phase (which may be constrained to be one of a finite number of values). Thus, each sample may encode one of a finite number of symbols, which in turn may represent information of one or more binary digits (e.g., bits). Each symbol may be encoded as a different combination of amplitude and phase of the carrier, such that each symbol may be represented by a point on a constellation diagram or set, where such a point on a constellation diagram or set may be referred to as a constellation point. Thus, a modulation symbol or modulated symbol may refer to what is transmitted (e.g., over the air), and a constellation point corresponding to a modulation symbol or modulated symbol may refer to a point on a constellation diagram or set that defines the amplitude and phase of the modulation symbol or modulated symbol.

[0064] Figure 2 An example signaling diagram 200 supporting a power scaling factor selection technique for a probabilistic shaping system is shown. The signaling diagram 200 may be implemented or implemented to implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the signaling diagram 200 illustrates communication between a wireless device 205 and a wireless device 210 via a communication link 215. The wireless device 205 may be, for example, Figure 1 Examples of UE 115 or network entity 105 are illustrated and described with reference to the figure. Wireless device 210 may be such as Figure 1 An example of a UE 115 or network entity 105 illustrated and described with reference to the figure. In some implementations, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may support one or more power scaling processes dedicated to, specific to, or otherwise associated with probability-based shaping transmissions and retransmissions.

[0065] For example, the power scaling of a transmission associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points (such as uniform QAM) may be different from the power scaling of a transmission associated with probabilistic shaping because the constellation may no longer be uniformly distributed and because the power scaling factors supported for a uniform distribution of constellation points are designed in anticipation of such a uniform distribution. For uniform QAM, the scaling factors may be defined or configured such that the uniformly distributed QAM signal has an average power equal to 1. Furthermore, for a QAM constellation (complex constellation), both the real and imaginary parts may be associated with a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) scheme and may be independent of each other.

[0066] In some aspects, a power scaling factor for a uniform QAM scheme may be defined or indicated for each MCS or for each QAM modulation order. For example, for 16QAM, a quaternion of bits such as b(4i), b(4i+1), b(4i+2), b(4i+3) may be mapped to a complex-valued modulation symbol d(i) according to Formula 1 shown below, where is the power scaling factor.

[0067]

[0068] For 64QAM, a sextuplet of bits such as b(6i), b(6i+1), b(6i+2), b(6i+3), b(6i+4), b(6i+5) may be mapped to a complex-valued modulation symbol d(i) according to Formula 2 shown below, where is the power scaling factor.

[0069]

[0070] For 256QAM, an octet of bits such as b(8i), b(8i+1), b(8i+2), b(8i+3), b(8i+4), b(8i+5), b(8i+6), b(8i+7) may be mapped to a complex-valued modulation symbol d(i) according to Formula 3 shown below, where is the power scaling factor.

[0071]

[0072] In implementations where the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 use probabilistic shaping to generate a non-uniformly distributed constellation (which may achieve greater mutual information I(X;Y) than a uniformly distributed constellation at the same SNR), the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may no longer be able to use the same power scaling factors defined or indicated for uniform QAM (because such power scaling factors may be defined or indicated based on expected uniformity). For example, some probabilistic shaping techniques may include probabilistic amplitude shaping, which may include shaping the amplitude of the constellation (so that constellations associated with relatively higher or lower amplitudes are selected relatively more frequently or less frequently) and uniformly distributing the signs of the constellation.

[0073] According to probability shaping (such as probability amplitude shaping), the wireless device 205 (such as a transmitting device) may divide the information payload (such as an input bit set associated with a data message) into two separate parts, and may input the first part into the probability shaper 230. The probability shaper 230 may be equivalently referred to as a distribution matcher and associated with distribution matching. The wireless device 205 may obtain a shaped bit set as an output of the probability shaper 230. The second part of the information payload (such as the part that the wireless device 205 suppresses from inputting into the probability shaper 230) may remain unshaped or uniform. Therefore, the wireless device 205 may input the shaped bit set (such as non-uniform bits) and the uniform bit set into a forward error correction (FEC) encoder 235. The wireless device 205 may additionally input the parity bit set into the FEC encoder 235 associated with the information payload. In some aspects, the FEC encoder 235 may be a high rate system FEC encoder.

[0074] The FEC encoder 235 may output a shaped set of information bits 240, an unshaped set of information bits 245, and a set of parity bits 250 (which may also be unshaped). The wireless device 205 may employ a constellation mapping 255 to map the shaped set of information bits 240 to an amplitude 260 of one or more constellation points, and to map the unshaped set of information bits 245 and the set of parity bits 250 to a sign 265 of one or more constellation points. Thus, for a given constellation point, the amplitude of the constellation point may be shaped while the sign of the constellation point remains unshaped (and associated with a uniform distribution). In some aspects, the constellation mapping 255 may be associated with QAM modulation, and the output of the QAM modulation may be a uniformly distributed QAM constellation.

[0075] The probabilistic shaping system may use or be associated with various different distributions of constellation points. In some implementations, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may employ a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, which may be characterized by a shaping parameter v. According to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, the probability of each constellation point s (of PAM) may be defined according to Formulas 4-6 shown below.

[0076]

[0077] s=s re +j·s im ∈C m (5)

[0078]

[0079] In some aspects, Z may be chosen or selected such that the probability term p(s) in Equation 4 sums to 1. m Can represent the modulation order Q m The constellation point set, where for mQAM, Q m =4,6,8,10, where m = 16,64,256,1024. In addition, s re ,s im ∈{±1,±3,±5,…} may be the real or imaginary part of the non-normalized constellation point, respectively. In some aspects, for the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, sets of bits mapped to the same constellation may not necessarily be independent. For example, the sets of bits may be jointly shaped and non-marginalizable. Furthermore, in some aspects, for square QAM, the real and imaginary parts of the constellation may be independently and equally distributed (iid). Thus, an alternative approach to defining the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution may be to define (such as exclusively define) a distribution on the real part (such as PAM) and apply or expect the same distribution on the imaginary part.

[0080] For the constellation set C m For any distribution p on (such as imposed thereon), a power scaling factor may be applied to the constellation points such that the average power of the constellation points is equal to 1. Such a power scaling factor may be denoted as n, and may be defined according to Formula 7 shown below. Thus, and according to normalization (such as after normalization), the actual set of constellation points d may be defined according to Formula 8, also shown below.

[0081]

[0082] In some implementations, the wireless device 205 (such as a transmitter) and the wireless device 210 (such as a receiver) can support one or more power scaling processes to support power scaling for transmissions involving probability shaping. According to such power scaling processes, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 can achieve synchronization regarding which scaling factor the wireless device 205 uses, which can enable the wireless device 210 to successfully demodulate the transmitted signal. In some implementations, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 can employ a first power scaling 270 for a first instance of a data message 225 (such as an initial transmission of a packet or data message), and can employ a second power scaling 275 for a second instance of a data message 220 (such as a retransmission of a packet or data message). Such data messages or packets can be equivalently referred to as transport blocks.

[0083] At least for the initial transmission of the packet, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may support storage or indication of power scaling factors (associated with the first power scaling 270) defined for each MCS of the MCS table. In some implementations, such power scaling factors associated with the first power scaling 270 may be referred to as absolute scaling factors n (such as scaling factors explicitly indicated). For example, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may support one or more MCS tables dedicated to or specifically associated with probability shaping (such as probability amplitude shaping). Thus, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may select or otherwise identify an MCS table specifically associated with probability shaping, and may select the power scaling factor n from the selected or identified MCS table based on the MCS (such as the coded modulation scheme or the MCS index) to be used for the first instance of the data message 220. In other words, the MCS table specifically associated with probability shaping may include one or more power scaling factors associated with (such as dedicated or exclusively used for) probability shaped transmissions (such as the first instance of the data message 220). Accordingly, the wireless device 205 may apply the absolute scaling factor n to the first instance of the data message 220 according to the first power scaling 270. In some aspects, applying the power scaling factor n may include multiplying the set of constellation points by

[0084] Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may support indication or storage of a relative power scaling factor for each MCS, wherein the relative power scaling factor may be relative to a power scaling factor for transmissions associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points (such as a power scaling factor for uniform QAM). In such implementations, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may select or otherwise identify an MCS table, and the relative power scaling factor may be selected from the selected or identified MCS table based on the MCS (such as a coded modulation scheme or an MCS index) to be used for the first instance of the data message 220. And the relative power scaling factor can be used The power scaling factor η is selected, calculated, or otherwise determined. For example, if 16QAM is used, the scaling factor for uniform QAM may be 10. Thus, if the absolute scaling factor for a particular MCS is η, the relative power scaling factor can be defined and indicated in the MCS table so that Therefore, the wireless device 205 may apply a power scaling factor (where 10 may be replaced by any second power scaling factor associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points, such as 42 or 170). Applying the power scaling factor n may thus comprise multiplying the set of constellation points by (At least for the example of 16QAM.) Also in such an example, the wireless device 210 (such as a receiver) may implement a demodulator that assumes a uniform distribution of constellation points (such as uniform QAM) and may use For example, wireless device 210 may receive a first instance of data message 220 as signal y, demodulate the first instance of data message 220 according to a uniform QAM demodulation technique, and use Scale the signal.

[0085] Additionally or alternatively, a relative power scaling factor The transmission of a reference signal such as a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) may be used to signal or indicate from the wireless device 205 (transmitter) to the wireless device 210 (receiver). For example, the wireless device 205 may transmit a DMRS associated with a probability shaping transmission and may apply a power scaling factor to the DMRS. In other words, the wireless device 205 can increase the DMRS power Therefore, the wireless device 210 can estimate the (as the relative power scaling factor is calculated or selected via other means, such as by selecting from an MCS table) The wireless device 210 may apply a relative power scaling factor based on the application to equalize the received signal associated with the first instance of the data message 220 (such as by “pulling” the received signal down ).

[0086] Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may support selecting, identifying, calculating, deriving, or otherwise determining (by one or both of the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210) a power scaling factor for the first power scaling 270 based on one or more probability shaping parameters. In other words, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may calculate the power scaling factor associated with the first power scaling 270 based on one or more shaping parameters associated with probability amplitude shaping. The one or more shaping parameters may include at least one of a probability distribution scaling factor, a shaping rate, or an entropy value associated with one or more modulation symbols for the first instance of the data message 220. In some implementations, such as implementations in which the input distribution follows a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may calculate the power scaling factor based on the shaping parameter v (which may be equivalently referred to as a probability distribution scaling factor) using any one or more of Formulas 4-8.

[0087] The shaping rate may represent a ratio between the number of bits before probability shaping and the number of bits after probability shaping. For example, if the number of bits before probability shaping is 800 bits and the number of bits after shaping is 1000 bits, the shaping rate may be R 整形 =800 / 1000=0.8. The shaping rate can be calculated according to H(X)=Q m *R 整形 is related to the source entropy (such as the entropy of one or more source symbols), where Q m Thus, if the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 use the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution as defined in Equation 4, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 can find the shaping parameter v such that H(X)=Q m *R 整形 (such as in which R 整形 =800 / 1000=0.8, Q m *0.8). Therefore, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 can calculate the power scaling factor using Formula 7.

[0088] In some aspects, the entropy value associated with the modulation symbol for the first instance of the data message 220 may be associated with or otherwise referred to as an entropy value of one or more source symbols. For example, the entropy value may refer to the information entropy or Shannon entropy of the one or more modulated symbols associated with probability shaping (such as after probability shaping). The wireless device 205 or the wireless device 210 or both may calculate the entropy value according to Formula 9 shown below.

[0089]

[0090] As shown in Formula 9, x can represent the modulation symbol, may denote a set of modulation symbols, p(x) may denote a probability mass function (PMF) of the modulation symbol x, and X may denote a variable (such as a random or target variable). Given a set The wireless device 205 or the wireless device 210 may calculate or obtain the power scaling factor by using a set or family of probability distributions on X and the entropy. In addition, Σ may represent the sum of possible values ​​(of X) of the variable, and may be an expected value operator. The variance of a variable X may refer to a set of (random or selected) modulation symbols distributed according to an expected or target distribution, and may represent the "power of the modulation symbol" in a manner such that X is equal to zero. In some aspects, the variance of X may represent the "power of the modulation symbol" before power scaling is applied. Thus, if the variance of X is relatively small, the power scaling factor may be relatively large to facilitate that the final transmit power of the transmission is a constant that is independent of the probability distribution applied to the modulated symbols.

[0091] Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may support a signaling mechanism or exchange according to which the wireless device 205 (transmitter) may select, identify, calculate, derive, or otherwise determine a power scaling factor for the first power scaling 270 and send an indication (such as an explicit indication) of the power scaling factor to the wireless device 210 (receiver). In some implementations, the wireless device 205 may explicitly indicate the power scaling factor in control information associated with the first instance of the data message 220. In such implementations, the indication of the power scaling factor may be separate from the indication of the MCS (such as via a different field or bit set). For example, the control information may include a control field indicating the power scaling factor. The wireless device 205 may send the indication of the power scaling factor via uplink control information (UCI), downlink control information (DCI), sidelink control information (SCI), RRC signaling, or a MAC control element (MAC-CE).

[0092] Furthermore, in some implementations, the power scaling factor used by the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 for the first power scaling 270 may be used regardless of the actual distribution of the transmitted symbols (such as the transmitted modulation symbols). In other words, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may avoid using the actual distribution of the transmitted symbols to select, identify, calculate, or otherwise determine the power scaling factor used for the first power scaling 270 because the wireless device 210 may not know the actual distribution of the transmitted symbols. Therefore, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 (in general, the transmitter and the receiver) may use, follow, or expect the same power scaling factor regardless of the actual distribution of the transmitted symbols, which may enable the wireless device 210 to successfully demodulate a signal (such as the first instance of the data message 220). For example, a first set of one or more constellation points may be associated with an amplitude of 1 and a design probability of 0.3, while a second set of one or more constellation points may be associated with an amplitude of 4 and a design probability of 0.7, but for an actual n-modulation symbol transmission, 25% of the modulation symbols may have a power of 1 and 75% of the modulation symbols may have a power of 4. Thus, if wireless device 205 calculates the power scaling factor using an actual distribution of modulation symbols and wireless device 210 calculates the power scaling factor using a designed distribution of modulation symbols, wireless device 205 and wireless device 210 may select different power scaling factors, which may inhibit the ability of wireless device 210 to successfully demodulate a signal (such as the first instance of data message 220).

[0093] In some implementations, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 can employ the second power scaling 275 as part of transmission and reception of a second instance of the data message 225, where the second instance of the data message 225 can be a retransmission of the first instance of the data message 220. In some scenarios, the second power scaling 275 can include aspects of or be the same as the first power scaling 270, but in some other scenarios, the second power scaling 275 can be different from the first power scaling 270 based on retransmission-specific considerations associated with probability shaping. In other words, the first power scaling 270 can be primarily associated with a first instance of the data message 220, such as a first or initial transmission of a transmission block or transport block, because for a retransmission using incremental redundancy HARQ (IR-HARQ), the bits transmitted can be different from the bits transmitted via the initial transmission, and accordingly, the distribution of the modulation symbols transmitted can also be different. For example, for retransmission, there may be a portion of modulated symbols having a non-uniform distribution (such as those modulated from shaped information bits 240) and another portion of modulated symbols comprising uniformly distributed modulation symbols (such as those corresponding to unshaped information bits 245 or parity bits 250).

[0094] In some implementations, the second power scaling 275 may include using a single power scaling factor for both the shaped and unshaped constellation points. In some other implementations, the second power scaling 275 may include using a separate power scaling factor for each of the shaped constellation points and the unshaped constellation points. Additionally or alternatively, the second power scaling 275 may include an exclusive selection of unshaped constellation points for the second instance of the data message 225 or an interleaving or scrambling of the bits or selected constellation points so that the modulation symbols used (which correspond to the selected constellation points) are effectively associated with a uniform distribution. Additional details related to the second power scaling 275 are provided by Figure 3 and Figure 4 They are exemplified and described with reference to them.

[0095] Figure 3 An example ring buffer 300 is shown to support a power scaling factor selection technique for a probabilistic shaping system. The ring buffer 300 may be implemented or implemented to implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100 or the signaling diagram 200. For example, the wireless device 205 or the wireless device 210 (eg, Figure 2 225, as illustrated and described with reference to the figure) or both may maintain a circular buffer 300, and the wireless device 205 may select bits from the circular buffer 300 for retransmission of a data message (such as for a second instance of the data message 225, such as Figure 2 In some implementations, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may use aspects associated with the ring buffer 300 to select, identify, calculate, or otherwise determine a second power scaling (such as the second power scaling 275, as shown) associated with a retransmission of a data message associated with probability amplitude shaping. Figure 2 One or more power scaling factors (as illustrated and described with reference to the figure).

[0096] The ring buffer 300 may include a set of information bits 305 (which may include a shaped set of information bits 240 and an unshaped set of information bits 245) and a set of parity bits 310. In accordance with performing retransmissions, the wireless device 205 may select a subset of bits from the ring buffer 300 and map the selected bits to constellation points and modulation symbols. In some aspects, the wireless device 205 may select bits starting from one of various starting positions 315 (which may generally refer to any one or more of starting position 315-a, starting position 315-b, starting position 315-c, or starting position 315-d), where different starting positions 315 may correspond to different redundancy versions (RVs). For example, if a message associated with RV0 (such that RV=0) is sent, the device may select bits from starting position 315-a. Furthermore, if a message associated with RV1 (such that RV=1), RV2 (such that RV=2), or RV3 (such that RV=3) is sent, the wireless device 205 may select a bit from the starting position 315-b, the starting position 315-c, or the starting position 315-d, respectively.

[0097] The wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may employ one or more methods or techniques associated with power scaling for probability amplitude shaping with IR-HARQ. In some implementations, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may power scale the shaped constellation point set and the unshaped constellation point set separately. For example, the second instance of the data message 225 may include a shaped constellation point set (corresponding to the shaped information bit set 305) and an unshaped constellation point set (corresponding to the unshaped information bit set 305 or the parity bit set 310, or any combination thereof), and the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may apply a different power scaling factor to each of the shaped constellation point set and the unshaped constellation point set. In some implementations, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may apply the same scaling factor (which may be referred to as n) as used in the initial transmission to the shaped constellation point set. 整形 ), and a second (and different) power scaling factor (which may be referred to as η) may be applied to the set of unshaped constellation points 均匀 ). In some implementations, the second power scaling factor may be a power scaling factor corresponding to a uniform distribution of constellation points (such as uniform QAM). For example, the second power scaling factor may be equal to 10 for 16QAM, 42 for 64QAM, or 170 for 256QAM.

[0098] In some other implementations, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may jointly power scale the shaped constellation point set and the unshaped constellation point set such that the average power of the shaped constellation point set and the unshaped constellation point set is equal to 1. In such implementations, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may calculate the power scaling factor based on the overall distribution of the constellation in the retransmission. In addition, in such implementations, the joint power scaling factor may be signaled from the wireless device 205 (transmitter) to the wireless device 210 (receiver), or may be (implicitly) selected, calculated, identified, or otherwise determined by both the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 based on the ratio between the number of shaped modulation symbols (which may correspond to the number of shaped constellation points) and the number of unshaped modulation symbols (which may correspond to the number of unshaped constellation points) included in the retransmission. In other words, the joint power scaling factor may be calculated based on a comparison between the number of shaped symbols and the number of unshaped symbols included in the retransmission.

[0099] In some implementations where a joint power scaling factor is applied, the joint power scaling factor may be between the ranges in which the individual power scaling factors would otherwise be (in terms of relative values). In other words, the joint power scaling factor η may be equal to the shaping constellation power scaling factor η. 整形 and the unshaped constellation power scaling factor η 均匀 Compare, so that η 整形 <η<η 均匀 . Thus, if the same power scaling factor is applied to both the shaped modulation symbols and the unshaped modulation symbols, the wireless device 205 may use different transmit powers for one or more OFDM symbols that include (mostly or mostly) shaped modulation symbols and for one or more OFDM symbols that include (mostly or mostly) unshaped modulation symbols. In some implementations, the wireless device 205 may apply an interleaver to distribute or scramble the shaped and unshaped modulation symbols over a code block or transport block so that a portion of the shaped and unshaped modulation symbols are approximately equal over each OFDM symbol for retransmission. Additional details associated with such an interleaver are provided by Figure 4 The illustration and description are made with reference to this figure.

[0100] Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 can support one or more techniques associated with uniformly distributing modulation symbols in retransmissions. In some implementations, to facilitate such uniform distribution, the wireless device 205 can avoid selecting (such as ignoring) any shaping bits from the ring buffer 300 for retransmissions. In such implementations, for example, the wireless device 205 can read unshaped bits from the ring buffer 300 for retransmissions and can ignore or skip any shaping bits (such as any information bits 305 associated with probability amplitude shaping).

[0101] In some aspects, the wireless device 205 or the wireless device 210 may determine whether to implement avoiding selecting shaped bits from the ring buffer 300 based on a potential loss in decoding gain (and potentially further based on channel conditions, latency constraints, or quality of service (QoS) constraints). For example, if the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 support limited buffer rate matching (LBRM), then about two-thirds of the total number of bits in the ring buffer 300 may be shaped bits, and about one-third of the total number of bits in the ring buffer 300 may be (unshaped) parity bits 310. Thus, retransmissions may include a relatively large number of information bit repetitions, and avoiding shaped bits in retransmissions may have a relatively large adverse effect on decoding gain. Furthermore, if more than one retransmission is performed (such as if RV1, RV2, or RV3 is used), limiting retransmissions to unshaped bits (such as parity bits) may result in a performance loss.

[0102] Therefore, the wireless device 205 or the wireless device 210 may consider such an impact of avoiding selecting shaping bits from the ring buffer 300, and may choose to adhere to the avoidance or employ a different technique accordingly. For example, if the performance loss exceeds a threshold performance loss (in terms of decoding gain or likelihood of successful reception), the wireless device 205 or the wireless device 210 may request, trigger, or employ a different technique to obtain a substantially uniform distribution of constellation points or modulation symbols. Otherwise, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may avoid selecting shaping bits from the ring buffer 300 for one or more retransmissions. In some aspects, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may avoid selecting shaping bits from the ring buffer 300 for a first retransmission, and may employ a different technique to obtain a substantially uniform distribution of constellation points or modulation symbols for any additional retransmissions.

[0103] Such different techniques for obtaining a roughly uniform distribution of constellation points or modulation symbols may include scrambling of the bits to be retransmitted. For example, for retransmissions (not corresponding to RV0), the wireless device 205 (transmitter) may apply scrambling to the bits to be retransmitted, and in this way, the distribution of the transmitted bits may be changed, adjusted, or otherwise modified to bits roughly uniformly distributed on {0,1}, regardless of whether these bits are parity bits or information bits. Therefore, the resulting or corresponding modulation symbols may also be roughly uniformly distributed on the constellation set. Therefore, both the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may assume that uniform QAM modulation symbols are transmitted, and likewise, both the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may use the same power scaling for the constellation as may be used for uniform QAM.

[0104] In other words, based on scrambling the bits to be retransmitted, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may select a power scaling factor associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points (such as a power scaling factor associated with or also used for uniform QAM). The wireless device 210 (receiver) may apply a demodulator corresponding to uniform QAM accordingly. In addition, based on this scrambling of the bits to be retransmitted, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may avoid changing the ring buffer design (which may reduce complexity and processing cost), and may achieve a relatively larger decoding gain. For example, for a given retransmission, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may achieve a larger decoding gain based on scrambling the bits to be retransmitted than by avoiding sending any shaped bits.

[0105] In some implementations, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may use different power scaling techniques for different retransmissions. In other words, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may select a power scaling technique for the retransmission based on the RV index associated with the retransmission. For example, if the retransmission is associated with RV1 or RV2 (so that if RV1 or RV2 is scheduled), the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may avoid sending shaped bits or may apply scrambling to the bits to be retransmitted. If the retransmission is associated with RV3 (so that RV3 is scheduled), the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may apply a separate power scaling factor, a joint power scaling factor, or an interleaver to distribute shaped and unshaped modulation over a code block or a transport block. Therefore, in some implementations, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may apply a first power scaling process for the initial transmission, a second power scaling process for the first retransmission, a third power scaling process for the second retransmission, and so on.

[0106] Figure 4 An example transmission scheme 400 supporting a power scaling factor selection technique for a probabilistic shaping system is shown. The transmission scheme 400 may implement or be implemented to implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100, the signaling diagram 200, or the ring buffer 300. For example, a transmitter (such as the wireless device 205) may employ aspects of the transmission scheme 400 to avoid power imbalance issues associated with retransmissions involving both shaped modulation symbols and unshaped modulation symbols.

[0107] For example, in an implementation where the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 apply a single or joint power scaling factor to retransmissions (such as the second instance of the data message 225), the wireless device 205 may use unequal transmit powers between a first set of one or more OFDM symbols including or otherwise associated with one or more shaped modulation symbols and a second set of one or more OFDM symbols including or otherwise associated with one or more unshaped modulation symbols. For example, the wireless device 205 may select a first set of one or more OFDM symbols from the ring buffer 300 (which may be, for example, Figure 3 4. The wireless device 205 may select information bits 305 and parity bits 310 in the example of the ring buffer 300 illustrated and described with reference to the figure), and may perform transmission 405. If the wireless device 205 applies a single or joint power scaling factor as part of the transmission 405, the wireless device 205 may use a first transmit power during a first OFDM symbol 420-a including relatively more shaped modulation symbols, and may use a second transmit power during a second OFDM symbol 425-a including relatively more unshaped (such as uniformly distributed) modulation symbols. This power imbalance between the first group of OFDM symbols and the second group of OFDM symbols may be problematic for the wireless device 205, especially in scenarios where the wireless device 205 is transmitting using an uplink.

[0108] Accordingly, in some implementations, the wireless device 205 may apply an interleaver 410 to equalize (such as randomize or approximately randomize) the distribution of shaped modulation symbols and unshaped modulation symbols on a code block or a transport block. The interleaver 410 may be a bit-level interleaver or a modulation symbol-level interleaver, so that the wireless device 205 may scramble, distribute, or approximately randomize the shaped and unshaped bits or shaped and unshaped modulation symbols on a code block or a transport block. The wireless device 205 may accordingly use the scrambled, distributed, or randomized bits or modulation symbols to perform transmission 415. Therefore, the relative amount of shaped modulation symbols and unshaped modulation symbols may be approximately the same on a set of OFDM symbols (such as on a first OFDM symbol 420-b and a second OFDM symbol 425-b). Similarly, the wireless device 205 may use approximately the same transmit power on the first OFDM symbol 420-b and the second OFDM symbol 425-b, while still using a single or joint power scaling factor on the shaped and unshaped constellation points.

[0109] Figure 5An example process flow 500 is shown to support a power scaling factor selection technique for a probabilistic shaping system. The process flow 500 may be implemented or implemented to implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100, the signaling diagram 200, the ring buffer 300, or the transmission scheme 400. For example, the process flow 500 illustrates communication between the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210, which may be examples of the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210, respectively, such as Figures 1 to 4 In some implementations, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 can support one or more power scaling processes dedicated to, specific to, or otherwise associated with transmissions and retransmissions based on probability amplitude shaping.

[0110] In the following description of the process flow 500, operations (such as reporting or providing) may be performed in a different order than shown, or operations performed by the example device may be performed in a different order or at a different time. For example, certain operations may also be omitted from the process flow 500, or other operations may be added to the process flow 500. In addition, although some operations or signaling are shown as occurring at different times for discussion purposes, these operations may actually occur simultaneously.

[0111] At 505, in some implementations, the wireless device 210 may transmit to the wireless device 205 an indication of a power scaling factor, the indicated power scaling factor being specifically associated with a power scaled transmission involving a probabilistic shaping scheme, such as probabilistic amplitude shaping.

[0112] At 510, the wireless device 205 may select a power scaling factor corresponding to the data message based on a coding modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message. In some implementations, the wireless device 205 may select a power scaling factor indicated by the wireless device 210 at 505. In some implementations, the wireless device 205 may select the power scaling factor from a set of power scaling factors associated with an MCS parameter set. In such implementations, the set of power scaling factors may be associated with a probability shaping scheme, and the selected power scaling factor may be associated with an index of an MCS parameter set that corresponds to the coding modulation scheme of the data message. In other words, the wireless device 205 may select the power scaling factor from an MCS table specifically associated with the probability shaping scheme.

[0113] In some implementations, the wireless device 205 may select an intermediate power scaling factor from a set of power scaling factors associated with a set of MCS parameters, and may select, identify, calculate, or otherwise determine the power scaling factor as a product of the intermediate power scaling factor and a second power scaling factor associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points. In some aspects, the set of power scaling factors may be associated with a probabilistic shaping scheme. In other words, the wireless device 205 may select an intermediate power scaling factor (such as a relative power scaling factor) from an MCS table specifically associated with a probabilistic shaping scheme. ), and the power scaling factor η can be calculated as The intermediate power scaling factor may be a quotient of the power scaling factor n and a second power scaling factor associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points, such as a power scaling factor selected from an MCS table specifically associated with uniform QAM and the same coded modulation scheme as the data message. Thus, the intermediate power scaling factor may be a quotient of the power scaling factor n and the second power scaling factor associated with the uniform distribution.

[0114] In some implementations, the wireless device 205 may calculate the power scaling factor based on one or more shaping parameters associated with the probabilistic shaping scheme. For example, the wireless device 205 may use at least one of a probability distribution scaling factor v, a shaping rate, or an entropy value associated with one or more modulation symbols for the data message.

[0115] At 515, in some implementations, the wireless device 205 may send an indication (such as an explicit indication) of the power scaling factor to the wireless device 210. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device 205 may send an implicit indication of the power scaling factor to the wireless device 210. For example, the wireless device 205 may indicate the power scaling factor by applying the (relative) power scaling factor to a reference signal (such as a DMRS) associated with the data message. In such an example, the wireless device 210 may receive the reference signal from the wireless device 205 and measure the (relative) power scaling factor based on the received reference signal transmission.

[0116] At 520, the wireless device 210 may select a power scaling factor corresponding to the data message based on a coded modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message. In some implementations, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may select the same power scaling factor based on supporting a power scaling process dedicated to, specific to, or otherwise associated with the transmission and retransmission based on probability amplitude shaping described herein. In some implementations, the wireless device 210 may select the power scaling factor based on receiving an indication of the power scaling factor from the wireless device 205 at 515. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device 210 may select the power scaling factor from an MCS table specifically associated with the probability shaping scheme, or based on selecting a relative power scaling factor from an MCS table specifically associated with the probability shaping scheme, or based on a calculation using one or more shaping parameters associated with the probability shaping scheme.

[0117] At 525, the wireless device 205 may apply a first power scaling to the data message (such as to a first or initial instance of the data message) according to the selected power scaling factor. For example, the wireless device 205 may select a power scaling factor n and may multiply the set of constellation points by

[0118] At 530, the wireless device 205 may transmit a data message (such as a first or initial instance of the data message) according to the coded modulation scheme. In some implementations, the transmission of the data message may include encoding information bits of the data message according to the probability shaping scheme and applying power scaling to the data message according to the selected power scaling factor. Similarly, the wireless device 210 may receive a data message (such as a first or initial instance of the data message) according to the coded modulation scheme. In some implementations, the reception of the data message may include decoding the information bits according to the probability shaping scheme and taking into account power scaling of the data message according to the power scaling factor.

[0119] At 535, for example, the wireless device 210 can consider a first power scaling to apply to a first instance of the data message. In some implementations, the wireless device 210 can consider a first power scaling to apply to a first instance of the data message based on eliminating the power scaling that the wireless device 210 expects to apply to the first instance of the data message. The selected power scaling factor η may be considered by taking into account the impact of the factor. For example, the wireless device 210 may apply the inverse of the power scaling factor to the received modulation symbols.

[0120] In some implementations, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 can respectively perform and anticipate the second instance of the data message as a retransmission of the data message. For example, the wireless device 210 may not have successfully received the first instance of the data message, or the wireless device 205 can proactively perform one or more retransmissions of the data message to increase the likelihood that the wireless device 210 will successfully receive and decode the data message. Accordingly, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 can employ one or more techniques associated with power scaling the second instance of the data message according to a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message.

[0121] At 540, the wireless device 205 may apply a second power scaling to the second instance of the data message. In some implementations, the wireless device 205 may apply the same power scaling factor used for the first instance of the data message to a first portion of the second instance of the data message, and may apply a second (different) power scaling factor to a second portion of the second instance of the data message, wherein the first portion corresponds to a set of shaped constellation points and the second portion corresponds to a set of unshaped constellation points. In some other implementations, the wireless device 205 may apply a single or joint power scaling factor to both the shaped constellation points and the unshaped constellation points. In some implementations, the wireless device 205 may scramble the set of shaped constellation points and the set of unshaped constellation points across one or both of a code block or a transport block associated with the second instance of the data message. In some other implementations, the wireless device 205 may select bits from a ring buffer to avoid shaped bits. In such implementations, the wireless device 205 may send the second instance of the data message except for the shaped constellation points, and may use a power scaling factor associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points. In some implementations, the wireless device 205 may scramble the set of bits to be transmitted such that the shaped constellation points and the unshaped constellation points are distributed over the constellation set in a manner that enables the wireless device 205 to use a power scaling factor associated with a uniform distribution of the constellation points.

[0122] At 545, in some implementations, the wireless device 205 can send to the wireless device 210 an indication of a second power scaling factor or an indication of a second power scaling to be applied to a second instance of the data message.

[0123] At 550, wireless device 205 can send a second instance of the data message to wireless device 210. In some implementations, sending the second instance of the data message can include applying a second power scaling at 540. Wireless device 210 can similarly receive the second instance of the data message. In some implementations, receiving the second instance of the data message can include considering the second power scaling applied to the second instance of the data message.

[0124] At 555, for example, the wireless device 210 can consider a second power scaling for the second instance of the data message. In some implementations, the wireless device 210 can consider the second power scaling based on the expectation that the wireless device 205 has applied separate power scaling factors for the shaped constellation points and the unshaped constellation points, respectively, or based on the expectation that the wireless device 205 has applied a single joint power scaling factor for both the shaped constellation points and the unshaped constellation points. Thus, the wireless device 210 can apply the inverse of separate power scaling factors to the received shaped modulation symbols and the received unshaped modulation symbols, respectively, or can apply the inverse of a single power scaling factor to both the received shaped modulation symbols and the unshaped modulation symbols.

[0125] Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device 210 may descramble the set of shaped constellation points and the set of unshaped constellation points across one or both of a code block or a transport block associated with the second instance of the data message. In some implementations, the wireless device 210 may anticipate that the second instance of the data message excludes shaped constellation points based on the second instance of the data message being a retransmission and the data message being associated with a probabilistic shaping scheme. In some implementations, the wireless device 210 may descramble the set of bits received via the second instance of the data message, where the bits may have been scrambled by the wireless device 205, such that the shaped constellation points and the unshaped constellation points are distributed in a manner that facilitates or enables use of a power scaling factor associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points.

[0126] In addition, in some implementations, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may support more than one retransmission of a data message. In such implementations, the wireless device 205 and the wireless device 210 may use the same power scaling technique for each retransmission, or may use different power scaling techniques for different retransmissions of the data message.

[0127] Figure 6 A block diagram 600 of an example device 605 supporting power scaling factor selection techniques for a probabilistic shaping system is shown. The device 605 may communicate with one or more network entities (such as one or more components of one or more network entities 105), one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof, which communication may include communication through one or more wired interfaces, through one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 605 may include components that support output and acquisition communications, such as a communication manager 620, a transceiver 610, an antenna 615, a memory 625, code 630, and a processor 635. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (such as bus 640) or otherwise coupled (such as operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically). The device 605 may be such as Figure 1An example of a UE 115 or a network entity 105 as illustrated and described with reference to the figure, or as Figures 2 to 5 Examples of a wireless device 205 or a wireless device 210 are illustrated and described with reference to these figures.

[0128] The transceiver 610 may support bidirectional communication via a wired link, a wireless link, or both as described herein. In some implementations, the transceiver 610 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally or alternatively, in some implementations, the transceiver 610 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. In some implementations, the device 605 may include one or more antennas 615 that are capable of (such as concurrently) sending or receiving wireless transmissions. The transceiver 610 may also include a modem to modulate a signal, provide a modulated signal for transmission (such as through one or more antennas 615, through a wired transmitter), receive a modulated signal (such as from one or more antennas 615, from a wired receiver), and demodulate a signal.

[0129] In some implementations, the transceiver 610 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 615 configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 615 configured to support various sending or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 610 may include or be configured to be coupled to one or more processors or memory components that are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other output, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 610, or the transceiver 610 and one or more antennas 615, or the transceiver 610 and one or more antennas 615 and one or more processors or memory components (such as a processor 635, or a memory 625, or both) may be included in a chip or chip component installed in the device 605. In some implementations, the transceiver may be operable to support communications via one or more communication links, such as communication link 125 , backhaul communication link 120 , midhaul communication link 162 , and fronthaul communication link 168 .

[0130] The memory 625 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). The memory 625 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 630 including instructions that, when executed by the processor 635, cause the device 605 to perform various functions described herein. The code 630 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as a system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code 630 may not be directly executable by the processor 635, but may cause the computer (such as when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some implementations, in addition to this, the memory 625 may also include a basic input / output (I / O) system (BIOS), which may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0131] The processor 635 may include an intelligent hardware device (such as a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a central processing unit (CPU), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a microcontroller, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some specific implementations, the processor 635 may be configured to operate the memory array using a memory controller. In some other specific implementations, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 635. The processor 635 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (such as memory 625) to cause the device 605 to perform various functions (such as functions or tasks that support power scaling factor selection techniques for probabilistic shaping systems). For example, the device 605 or a component of the device 605 may include a processor 635 and a memory 625 coupled to the processor 635, and the processor 635 and the memory 625 are configured to perform various functions described herein. Processor 635 may be an example of a cloud computing platform (such as one or more physical nodes and supporting software (such as an operating system, virtual machine, or container instance)) that may host functionality (such as by executing code 630) to perform the functions of device 605. Processor 635 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in device 605 (such as within memory 625).

[0132] In some specific implementations, the processor 635 can be a component of a processing system. A processing system generally refers to a system or a series of machines or components that receive inputs and process these inputs to generate an output set (which can be passed to other systems or components such as device 605). For example, the processing system of device 605 can refer to a system including various other components or subcomponents of device 605, such as processor 635, or transceiver 610, or communication manager 620, or other components or combinations of components of device 605. The processing system of device 605 can be docked with other components of device 605, and can process information (such as input or signal) received from other components, or output information to other components. For example, a chip or modem of device 605 may include a processing system and an interface for outputting information or for obtaining information or both.

[0133] The interface may be implemented as or otherwise include a first interface configured to output information and a second interface configured to obtain information. In some implementations, the first interface may refer to an interface between a processing system of a chip or modem and a transmitter, so that the device 605 can send information output from the chip or modem. In some implementations, the second interface may refer to an interface between a processing system of a chip or modem and a receiver, so that the device 605 can obtain information or signal input, and the information can be passed to the processing system. Those of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that the first interface may also obtain information or signal input, and the second interface may also output information or signal output.

[0134] In some implementations, bus 640 may support communications of protocol layers of a protocol stack (such as within a protocol layer). In some implementations, bus 640 may support communications associated with logical channels of a protocol stack (such as between protocol layers of a protocol stack), which may include communications performed within a component of device 605, or communications performed between different components of device 605 that may be co-located or located in different locations (such as where device 605 may refer to a system in which one or more of communication manager 620, transceiver 610, memory 625, code 630, and processor 635 may be located in one of the different components or divided between the different components).

[0135] In some implementations, the communication manager 620 can manage aspects of communications with the core network 130 (such as via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links). For example, the communication manager 620 can manage the delivery of data communications for client devices such as one or more UEs 115. In some implementations, the communication manager 620 can manage communications with other network entities 105 and can include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with the UE 115 in collaboration with the other network entities 105. In some implementations, the communication manager 620 can support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communications between network entities 105.

[0136] According to examples as disclosed herein, the communication manager 620 may support wireless communications at a wireless device. For example, the communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support means for selecting a power scaling factor corresponding to a data message based on a coded modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message. The communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support means for sending a data message based on the coded modulation scheme, including encoding the information bits based on the probability shaping scheme and applying power scaling to the data message based on the power scaling factor.

[0137] In some embodiments, to support selection of a power scaling factor, the communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support components for selecting a power scaling factor from a set of power scaling factors associated with an MCS parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with a probability shaping scheme, and wherein the power scaling factor is associated with an index of the MCS parameter set that corresponds to a decoding modulation scheme associated with a data message.

[0138] In some embodiments, to support selection of a power scaling factor, the communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for selecting an intermediate power scaling factor from a set of power scaling factors associated with an MCS parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with a probabilistic shaping scheme, wherein the power scaling factor is a product of the intermediate power scaling factor and a second power scaling factor, and wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points.

[0139] In some embodiments, to support selection of a power scaling factor, the communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support components for calculating a power scaling factor based on one or more shaping parameters associated with a probabilistic shaping scheme, wherein the one or more shaping parameters include at least one of a probability distribution scaling factor, a shaping rate, or an entropy value associated with one or more modulation symbols used for a data message.

[0140] In some implementations, the communications manager 620 can be configured or otherwise support means for transmitting a DMRS associated with a data message according to a power scaling factor.

[0141] In some implementations, the communications manager 620 can be configured or otherwise support means for sending a second instance of the data message as a retransmission of the data message, wherein sending the second instance of the data message includes applying a second power scaling to the second instance of the data message.

[0142] In some implementations, to support applying a second power scaling to a second instance of the data message, the communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support means for applying a power scaling factor to a first portion of the second instance of the data message, wherein the first portion of the second instance of the data message corresponds to a shaped set of constellation points. In some implementations, to support applying a second power scaling to a second instance of the data message, the communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support means for applying a second power scaling factor to a second portion of the second instance of the data message, wherein the second portion of the second instance of the data message corresponds to an unshaped set of constellation points.

[0143] In some implementations, to support application of a second power scaling to a second instance of the data message, the communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support means for applying a second power scaling factor to the second instance of the data message, wherein the second instance of the data message corresponds to a set of shaped constellation points and a set of unshaped constellation points, and wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a ratio between the set of shaped constellation points and the set of unshaped constellation points.

[0144] In some implementations, the communications manager 620 can be configured or otherwise support means for sending an indication of the second power scaling factor to the second wireless device.

[0145] In some implementations, the communications manager 620 can be configured or otherwise support means for scrambling the set of shaped constellation points and the set of unshaped constellation points across one or both of a code block or a transport block associated with a second instance of the data message.

[0146] In some implementations, to support sending a second instance of the data message, the communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support means for sending a set of unshaped constellation points, wherein the second instance of the data message excludes shaped constellation points in accordance with the data message including information bits associated with the probabilistic shaping scheme, and wherein the second power scaling is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points in accordance with excluding the shaped constellation points.

[0147] In some implementations, the communications manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support means for scrambling a set of bits to be sent via a second instance of the data message, wherein the set of bits corresponds to a set of shaped constellation points and a set of unshaped constellation points, and wherein the set of shaped constellation points and the set of unshaped constellation points are uniformly distributed across the constellation set in accordance with scrambling the set of bits, and wherein the second power scaling is associated with the uniform distribution of the constellation points in accordance with scrambling the set of bits.

[0148] In some embodiments, the communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support a third instance of sending a data message as a component of a second retransmission of the data message, wherein sending the third instance of the data message includes applying a third power scaling to the second instance of the data message, wherein the third power scaling is different from the second power scaling.

[0149] In some implementations, the communication manager 620 can be configured or otherwise support means for sending an indication of the power scaling factor to the second wireless device.

[0150] In some implementations, to support selecting a power scaling factor, the communication manager 620 can be configured or otherwise support means for receiving an indication of a power scaling factor from a second wireless device.

[0151] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 620 may support wireless communications at the wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support means for selecting a power scaling factor corresponding to a data message according to a coded modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message. The communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support means for receiving a data message according to the coded modulation scheme, including decoding the information bits according to the probability shaping scheme and considering power scaling of the data message according to the power scaling factor.

[0152] In some embodiments, to support selection of a power scaling factor, the communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support components for selecting a power scaling factor from a set of power scaling factors associated with an MCS parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with a probability shaping scheme, and wherein the power scaling factor is associated with an index of the MCS parameter set that corresponds to a decoding modulation scheme associated with a data message.

[0153] In some embodiments, to support selection of a power scaling factor, the communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for selecting an intermediate power scaling factor from a set of power scaling factors associated with an MCS parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with a probabilistic shaping scheme, wherein the power scaling factor is a product of the intermediate power scaling factor and a second power scaling factor, wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points.

[0154] In some embodiments, to support selection of a power scaling factor, the communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support components for calculating a power scaling factor based on one or more shaping parameters associated with a probabilistic shaping scheme, wherein the one or more shaping parameters include at least one of a probability distribution scaling factor, a shaping rate, or an entropy value associated with one or more modulation symbols used for a data message.

[0155] In some implementations, to support selecting a power scaling factor, the communication manager 620 can receive a DMRS associated with a data message and measure the power scaling factor based on receiving the DMRS associated with the data message.

[0156] In some implementations, the communications manager 620 can be configured or otherwise support receiving a second instance of the data message as a means for retransmitting the data message, wherein receiving the second instance of the data message includes considering a second power scaling of the second instance of the data message.

[0157] In some implementations, to support a second power scaling taking into account a second instance of the data message, the communication manager 620 may be configured or otherwise support means for applying an inverse of the power scaling factor to a first portion of the second instance of the data message, wherein the first portion of the second instance of the data message corresponds to a shaped set of constellation points. In some implementations, to support a second power scaling taking into account a second instance of the data message, the communication manager 620 may be configured or otherwise support means for applying an inverse of the second power scaling factor to a second portion of the second instance of the data message, wherein the second portion of the second instance of the data message corresponds to an unshaped set of constellation points.

[0158] In some implementations, to support a second power scaling taking into account a second instance of the data message, the communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support means for applying a reciprocal of a second power scaling factor to the second instance of the data message, wherein the second instance of the data message corresponds to a set of shaped constellation points and a set of unshaped constellation points, and wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a ratio between the set of shaped constellation points and the set of unshaped constellation points.

[0159] In some implementations, the communication manager 620 can be configured or otherwise support means for receiving an indication of a second power scaling factor from a second wireless device.

[0160] In some implementations, the communications manager 620 can be configured or otherwise support means for descrambling the set of shaped constellation points and the set of unshaped constellation points across one or both of the code blocks or transport blocks associated with the second instance of the data message.

[0161] In some implementations, to support receiving a second instance of the data message, the communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support means for receiving a set of unshaped constellation points, wherein the second instance of the data message excludes shaped constellation points in accordance with the data message including information bits associated with the probabilistic shaping scheme, and wherein the second power scaling is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points in accordance with excluding the shaped constellation points.

[0162] In some implementations, the communications manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support means for descrambling a set of bits received via a second instance of the data message, wherein the set of bits corresponds to a set of shaped constellation points and a set of unshaped constellation points, and wherein the set of shaped constellation points and the set of unshaped constellation points are uniformly distributed across the constellation set in accordance with descrambling the set of bits, and wherein the second power scaling is associated with the uniform distribution of the constellation points in accordance with descrambling the set of bits.

[0163] In some embodiments, the communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support receiving a third instance of the data message as a component of a second retransmission of the data message, wherein receiving the third instance of the data message includes taking into account a third power scaling of the second instance of the data message, wherein the third power scaling is different from the second power scaling.

[0164] In some implementations, to support selecting a power scaling factor, the communication manager 620 can be configured or otherwise support means for receiving an indication of a power scaling factor from a second wireless device.

[0165] In some implementations, the communication manager 620 can be configured or otherwise support means for sending an indication of the power scaling factor to the second wireless device.

[0166] In some implementations, the communication manager 620 may be configured to perform various operations (such as receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using the transceiver 610, one or more antennas 615 (such as where applicable), or any combination thereof, or otherwise cooperate with them. Although the communication manager 620 is illustrated as a separate component, in some implementations, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 620 may be supported or performed by the processor 635, the memory 625, the code 630, the transceiver 610, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 630 may include instructions that are executable by the processor 635 to cause the device 605 to perform various aspects of the power scaling factor selection technique for the probabilistic shaping system as described herein, or the processor 635 and the memory 625 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0167] Figure 7 A flow chart illustrating an example method 700 for supporting a power scaling factor selection technique for a probabilistic shaping system is shown. The operations of the method 700 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 700 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or components thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 6 The UE 115 or network entity described herein may be executed. In some specific implementations, the UE or network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE or network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE or network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0168] At 705, the method may include selecting a power scaling factor corresponding to the data message according to a coded modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message. The operation of 705 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein.

[0169] At 710, the method may include sending a data message according to a coded modulation scheme, including encoding information bits according to a probability shaping scheme and applying power scaling to the data message according to a power scaling factor. The operations of 710 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein.

[0170] Figure 8 A flow chart illustrating an example method 800 for supporting a power scaling factor selection technique for a probabilistic shaping system is shown. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 6 The UE 115 or network entity described herein may be executed. In some specific implementations, the UE or network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE or network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE or network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0171] At 805, the method may include selecting a power scaling factor corresponding to the data message based on a coded modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message. The operations of 805 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein.

[0172] At 810, the method may include receiving a data message according to a coded modulation scheme, including decoding information bits according to a probability shaping scheme and accounting for power scaling of the data message according to a power scaling factor. The operations of 810 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein.

[0173] The following provides an overview of some aspects of the disclosure:

[0174] Aspect 1: A method for performing wireless communications at a wireless device, the method comprising: selecting a power scaling factor corresponding to the data message based on a coding modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message; and sending the data message according to the coding modulation scheme, comprising encoding the information bits according to the probability shaping scheme and applying power scaling to the data message according to the power scaling factor.

[0175] Aspect 2: A method according to Aspect 1, wherein selecting the power scaling factor comprises: selecting the power scaling factor from a power scaling factor set associated with an MCS parameter set, wherein the power scaling factor set is associated with the probability shaping scheme, and wherein the power scaling factor is associated with an index of the MCS parameter set, and the MCS parameter set corresponds to the decoding modulation scheme associated with the data message.

[0176] Aspect 3: A method according to Aspect 1, wherein selecting the power scaling factor comprises: selecting an intermediate power scaling factor from a set of power scaling factors associated with an MCS parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with the probability shaping scheme, wherein the power scaling factor is the quotient of the intermediate power scaling factor and a second power scaling factor, and wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points.

[0177] Aspect 4: A method according to Aspect 1, wherein selecting the power scaling factor includes: calculating the power scaling factor based on one or more shaping parameters associated with the probability shaping scheme, wherein the one or more shaping parameters include at least one of a probability distribution scaling factor, a shaping rate, or an entropy value associated with one or more modulation symbols used for the data message.

[0178] Aspect 5: According to the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, the method further includes: sending a demodulation reference signal associated with the data message according to the power scaling factor.

[0179] Aspect 6: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 1 to 5, the method further includes: sending a second instance of the data message as a retransmission of the data message, wherein sending the second instance of the data message includes applying a second power scaling to the second instance of the data message.

[0180] Aspect 7: A method according to Aspect 6, wherein applying the second power scaling to the second instance of the data message includes: applying the power scaling factor to a first part of the second instance of the data message, wherein the first part of the second instance of the data message corresponds to a shaped constellation point set; and applying the second power scaling factor to a second part of the second instance of the data message, wherein the second part of the second instance of the data message corresponds to an unshaped constellation point set.

[0181] Aspect 8: A method according to Aspect 6, wherein applying the second power scaling to the second instance of the data message includes: applying a second power scaling factor to the second instance of the data message, wherein the second instance of the data message corresponds to a shaped constellation point set and an unshaped constellation point set, and wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a ratio between the shaped constellation point set and the unshaped constellation point set.

[0182] Aspect 9: The method according to aspect 8 further includes: sending an indication of the second power scaling factor to a second wireless device.

[0183] Aspect 10: According to any one of Aspects 8 to 9, the method also includes: scrambling the shaped constellation point set and the unshaped constellation point set across one or both of the code blocks or transport blocks associated with the second instance of the data message.

[0184] Aspect 11: A method according to Aspect 6, wherein sending the second instance of the data message includes: sending a set of unshaped constellation points, wherein the second instance of the data message excludes shaped constellation points based on the data message including the information bits associated with the probabilistic shaping scheme, and wherein the second power scaling is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points based on excluding the shaped constellation points.

[0185] Aspect 12: A method according to Aspect 6, the method further comprising: scrambling a set of bits to be sent via the second instance of the data message, wherein the set of bits corresponds to a set of shaped constellation points and a set of unshaped constellation points, and wherein the set of shaped constellation points and the set of unshaped constellation points are evenly distributed across the constellation set according to scrambling the set of bits, and wherein the second power scaling is associated with the even distribution of constellation points according to scrambling the set of bits.

[0186] Aspect 13: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 6 to 12, the method further includes: sending a third instance of the data message as a second retransmission of the data message, wherein sending the third instance of the data message includes applying a third power scaling to the second instance of the data message, wherein the third power scaling is different from the second power scaling.

[0187] Aspect 14: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13, further comprising: sending an indication of the power scaling factor to a second wireless device.

[0188] Aspect 15: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 14, wherein selecting the power scaling factor comprises: receiving an indication of the power scaling factor from a second device.

[0189] Aspect 16: A method for performing wireless communications at a wireless device, the method comprising: selecting a power scaling factor corresponding to the data message based on a decoding modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message; and receiving the data message according to the decoding modulation scheme, comprising decoding the information bits according to the probability shaping scheme and considering power scaling of the data message according to the power scaling factor.

[0190] Aspect 17: A method according to Aspect 16, wherein selecting the power scaling factor comprises: selecting the power scaling factor from a set of power scaling factors associated with an MCS parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with the probability shaping scheme, and wherein the power scaling factor is associated with an index of the MCS parameter set, and the MCS parameter set corresponds to the decoding modulation scheme associated with the data message.

[0191] Aspect 18: A method according to Aspect 16, wherein selecting the power scaling factor comprises: selecting an intermediate power scaling factor from a set of power scaling factors associated with an MCS parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with the probability shaping scheme, wherein the power scaling factor is the quotient of the intermediate power scaling factor and a second power scaling factor, wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points.

[0192] Aspect 19: A method according to Aspect 16, wherein selecting the power scaling factor includes: calculating the power scaling factor based on one or more shaping parameters associated with the probability shaping scheme, wherein the one or more shaping parameters include at least one of a probability distribution scaling factor, a shaping rate, or an entropy value associated with one or more modulation symbols used for the data message.

[0193] Aspect 20: According to any one of Aspects 16 to 19, the method also includes: receiving a second instance of the data message as a retransmission of the data message, wherein receiving the second instance of the data message includes considering a second power scaling of the second instance of the data message.

[0194] Aspect 21: A method according to Aspect 20, wherein the second power scaling of the second instance of the data message is considered, including: applying the inverse of the power scaling factor to a first part of the second instance of the data message, wherein the first part of the second instance of the data message corresponds to a shaped constellation point set; and applying the inverse of the second power scaling factor to a second part of the second instance of the data message, wherein the second part of the second instance of the data message corresponds to an unshaped constellation point set.

[0195] Aspect 22: A method according to Aspect 20, wherein the second power scaling considering the second instance of the data message includes: applying the inverse of a second power scaling factor to the second instance of the data message, wherein the second instance of the data message corresponds to a shaped constellation point set and an unshaped constellation point set, and wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a ratio between the shaped constellation point set and the unshaped constellation point set.

[0196] Aspect 23: The method according to aspect 22, the method further comprising: receiving an indication of the second power scaling factor from a second wireless device.

[0197] Aspect 24: According to any one of Aspects 22 to 23, the method also includes: descrambling the shaped constellation point set and the unshaped constellation point set across one or both of the code blocks or transport blocks associated with the second instance of the data message.

[0198] Aspect 25: A method according to Aspect 20, wherein receiving the second instance of the data message includes: receiving a set of unshaped constellation points, wherein the second instance of the data message excludes shaped constellation points based on the data message including the information bits associated with the probabilistic shaping scheme, and wherein the second power scaling is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points based on excluding the shaped constellation points.

[0199] Aspect 26: A method according to Aspect 20, the method further comprising: descrambling a set of bits received via the second instance of the data message, wherein the set of bits corresponds to a set of shaped constellation points and a set of unshaped constellation points, and wherein the set of shaped constellation points and the set of unshaped constellation points are uniformly distributed across the constellation set according to descrambling the set of bits, and wherein the second power scaling is associated with the uniform distribution of constellation points according to descrambling the set of bits.

[0200] Aspect 27: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 20 to 26, the method also includes: receiving a third instance of the data message as a second retransmission of the data message, wherein receiving the third instance of the data message includes considering a third power scaling of the second instance of the data message, wherein the third power scaling is different from the second power scaling.

[0201] Aspect 28: The method according to any one of aspects 16 to 27, wherein selecting the power scaling factor comprises: receiving an indication of the power scaling factor from a second wireless device.

[0202] Aspect 29: The method according to any one of aspects 16 to 28, the method further comprising: sending an indication of the power scaling factor to a second wireless device.

[0203] Aspect 30: An apparatus for performing wireless communications at a wireless device, the apparatus comprising: a processing system, the processing system being configured to: select a power scaling factor corresponding to the data message based on a decoding modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message; and an interface, the interface being configured to: output the data message according to the decoding modulation scheme, including encoding the information bits according to the probability shaping scheme and applying power scaling to the data message according to the power scaling factor.

[0204] Aspect 31: An apparatus according to Aspect 30, wherein, in order to select the power scaling factor, the processing system is further configured to: select the power scaling factor from a set of power scaling factors associated with an MCS parameter set, wherein the power scaling factor set is associated with the probability shaping scheme, and wherein the power scaling factor is associated with an index of the MCS parameter set, and the MCS parameter set corresponds to the decoding modulation scheme associated with the data message.

[0205] Aspect 32: An apparatus according to Aspect 30, wherein, in order to select the power scaling factor, the processing system is further configured to: select an intermediate power scaling factor from a set of power scaling factors associated with an MCS parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with the probability shaping scheme, wherein the power scaling factor is the product of the intermediate power scaling factor and a second power scaling factor, and wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points.

[0206] Aspect 33: An apparatus according to Aspect 30, wherein, in order to select the power scaling factor, the processing system is further configured to: calculate the power scaling factor based on one or more shaping parameters associated with the probability shaping scheme, wherein the one or more shaping parameters include at least one of a probability distribution scaling factor, a shaping rate, or an entropy value associated with one or more modulation symbols used for the data message.

[0207] Aspect 34: An apparatus according to any one of aspects 30 to 33, wherein the interface is further configured to: output a demodulation reference signal associated with the data message according to the power scaling factor.

[0208] Aspect 35: An apparatus according to any one of Aspects 30 to 34, wherein the interface is further configured to: output a second instance of the data message as a retransmission of the data message, wherein outputting the second instance of the data message includes applying a second power scaling to the second instance of the data message.

[0209] Aspect 36: An apparatus according to Aspect 35, wherein, in order to apply the second power scaling to the second instance of the data message, the processing system is further configured to: apply the power scaling factor to a first part of the second instance of the data message, wherein the first part of the second instance of the data message corresponds to a shaped constellation point set; and apply the second power scaling factor to a second part of the second instance of the data message, wherein the second part of the second instance of the data message corresponds to an unshaped constellation point set.

[0210] Aspect 37: An apparatus according to Aspect 35, wherein, in order to apply the second power scaling to the second instance of the data message, the processing system is further configured to: apply a second power scaling factor to the second instance of the data message, wherein the second instance of the data message corresponds to a shaped constellation point set and an unshaped constellation point set, and wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a ratio between the shaped constellation point set and the unshaped constellation point set.

[0211] Aspect 38: The apparatus according to aspect 37, wherein the interface is further configured to: output an indication of the second power scaling factor to a second wireless device.

[0212] Aspect 39: An apparatus according to any one of Aspects 37 to 38, wherein the processing system is further configured to: scramble the shaped constellation point set and the unshaped constellation point set across one or both of the code blocks or transport blocks associated with the second instance of the data message.

[0213] Aspect 40: An apparatus according to Aspect 35, wherein, in order to output the second instance of the data message, the interface is configured to: output a set of unshaped constellation points, wherein the second instance of the data message excludes shaped constellation points based on the data message including the information bits associated with the probabilistic shaping scheme, and wherein the second power scaling is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points based on excluding the shaped constellation points.

[0214] Aspect 41: An apparatus according to Aspect 35, wherein the processing system is further configured to: scramble a set of bits to be sent via the second instance of the data message, wherein the set of bits corresponds to a set of shaped constellation points and a set of unshaped constellation points, and wherein the set of shaped constellation points and the set of unshaped constellation points are evenly distributed across the constellation set based on scrambling the set of bits, and wherein the second power scaling is associated with the even distribution of constellation points based on scrambling the set of bits.

[0215] Aspect 42: An apparatus according to any one of Aspects 35 to 41, wherein the interface is further configured to: output a third instance of the data message as a second retransmission of the data message, wherein outputting the third instance of the data message includes applying a third power scaling to the second instance of the data message, wherein the third power scaling is different from the second power scaling.

[0216] Aspect 43: The apparatus according to any one of aspects 30 to 42, wherein the interface is further configured to: output an indication of the power scaling factor to a second wireless device.

[0217] Aspect 44: The apparatus according to any one of aspects 30 to 43, wherein, to select the power scaling factor, the interface is further configured to: obtain an indication of the power scaling factor from a second wireless device.

[0218] Aspect 45: An apparatus for performing wireless communications at a wireless device, the apparatus comprising: a processing system, the processing system being configured to: select a power scaling factor corresponding to the data message based on a decoding modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message; and an interface, the interface being configured to: obtain the data message according to the decoding modulation scheme, including decoding the information bits according to the probability shaping scheme and considering power scaling of the data message according to the power scaling factor.

[0219] Aspect 46: An apparatus according to Aspect 45, wherein, in order to select the power scaling factor, the processing system is further configured to: select the power scaling factor from a set of power scaling factors associated with an MCS parameter set, wherein the power scaling factor set is associated with the probability shaping scheme, and wherein the power scaling factor is associated with an index of the MCS parameter set, and the MCS parameter set corresponds to the decoding modulation scheme associated with the data message.

[0220] Aspect 47: An apparatus according to Aspect 45, wherein, in order to select the power scaling factor, the processing system is further configured to: select an intermediate power scaling factor from a set of power scaling factors associated with an MCS parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with the probability shaping scheme, wherein the power scaling factor is the product of the intermediate power scaling factor and a second power scaling factor, wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points.

[0221] Aspect 48: An apparatus according to Aspect 45, wherein, in order to select the power scaling factor, the processing system is further configured to: calculate the power scaling factor based on one or more shaping parameters associated with the probability shaping scheme, wherein the one or more shaping parameters include at least one of a probability distribution scaling factor, a shaping rate, or an entropy value associated with one or more modulation symbols used for the data message.

[0222] Aspect 49: An apparatus according to any one of Aspects 45 to 48, wherein the interface is further configured to: obtain a second instance of the data message as a retransmission of the data message, wherein obtaining the second instance of the data message includes considering a second power scaling of the second instance of the data message.

[0223] Aspect 50: An apparatus according to Aspect 49, wherein, in order to take into account the second power scaling of the second instance of the data message, the processing system is further configured to: apply the inverse of the power scaling factor to a first part of the second instance of the data message, wherein the first part of the second instance of the data message corresponds to a shaped constellation point set; and apply the inverse of the second power scaling factor to a second part of the second instance of the data message, wherein the second part of the second instance of the data message corresponds to an unshaped constellation point set.

[0224] Aspect 51: An apparatus according to Aspect 49, wherein, in order to take into account the second power scaling of the second instance of the data message, the processing system is further configured to: apply the inverse of a second power scaling factor to the second instance of the data message, wherein the second instance of the data message corresponds to a shaped constellation point set and an unshaped constellation point set, and wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a ratio between the shaped constellation point set and the unshaped constellation point set.

[0225] Aspect 52: The apparatus according to Aspect 51, wherein the interface is further configured to: obtain an indication of the second power scaling factor from a second wireless device.

[0226] Aspect 53: An apparatus according to any one of Aspects 51 to 52, wherein the processing system is further configured to: descramble the shaped constellation point set and the unshaped constellation point set across one or both of the code blocks or transport blocks associated with the second instance of the data message.

[0227] Aspect 54: An apparatus according to Aspect 49, wherein, in order to obtain the second instance of the data message, the interface is further configured to: obtain a set of unshaped constellation points, wherein the second instance of the data message excludes shaped constellation points based on the data message including the information bits associated with the probabilistic shaping scheme, and wherein the second power scaling is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points based on excluding the shaped constellation points.

[0228] Aspect 55: An apparatus according to Aspect 49, wherein the processing system is further configured to: descramble a set of bits received via the second instance of the data message, wherein the set of bits corresponds to a set of shaped constellation points and a set of unshaped constellation points, and wherein the set of shaped constellation points and the set of unshaped constellation points are uniformly distributed across the constellation set based on descrambling the set of bits, and wherein the second power scaling is associated with the uniform distribution of constellation points based on descrambling the set of bits.

[0229] Aspect 56: An apparatus according to any one of Aspects 49 to 55, wherein the interface is further configured to: obtain a third instance of the data message as a second retransmission of the data message, wherein obtaining the third instance of the data message includes considering a third power scaling of the second instance of the data message, wherein the third power scaling is different from the second power scaling.

[0230] Aspect 57: The apparatus according to any one of aspects 45 to 56, wherein, in order to select the power scaling factor, the interface is further configured to: obtain an indication of the power scaling factor from a second wireless device.

[0231] Aspect 58: The apparatus according to any one of aspects 45 to 57, wherein the interface is further configured to: output an indication of the power scaling factor to a second wireless device.

[0232] Aspect 59: An apparatus for performing wireless communications at a wireless device, the apparatus comprising: a component for selecting a power scaling factor corresponding to a data message based on a coding modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message; and a component for sending the data message according to the coding modulation scheme, including encoding the information bits according to the probability shaping scheme and applying power scaling to the data message according to the power scaling factor.

[0233] Aspect 60: An apparatus according to Aspect 59, wherein the component for selecting the power scaling factor includes: a component for selecting the power scaling factor from a set of power scaling factors associated with an MCS parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with the probability shaping scheme, and wherein the power scaling factor is associated with an index of the MCS parameter set, and the MCS parameter set corresponds to the decoding modulation scheme associated with the data message.

[0234] Aspect 61: An apparatus according to Aspect 59, wherein the component for selecting the power scaling factor includes: a component for selecting an intermediate power scaling factor from a set of power scaling factors associated with an MCS parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with the probability shaping scheme, wherein the power scaling factor is the quotient of the intermediate power scaling factor and a second power scaling factor, and wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points.

[0235] Aspect 62: An apparatus according to Aspect 59, wherein the component for selecting the power scaling factor includes: a component for calculating the power scaling factor based on one or more shaping parameters associated with the probability shaping scheme, wherein the one or more shaping parameters include at least one of a probability distribution scaling factor, a shaping rate, or an entropy value associated with one or more modulation symbols used for the data message.

[0236] Aspect 63: An apparatus according to any one of aspects 59 to 62, the apparatus further comprising: a means for sending a demodulation reference signal associated with the data message according to the power scaling factor.

[0237] Aspect 64: An apparatus according to any one of Aspects 59 to 63, the apparatus further comprising: a component for sending a second instance of the data message as a retransmission of the data message, wherein sending the second instance of the data message comprises applying a second power scaling to the second instance of the data message.

[0238] Aspect 65: An apparatus according to Aspect 64, wherein the component for applying the second power scaling to the second instance of the data message includes: a component for applying the power scaling factor to a first part of the second instance of the data message, wherein the first part of the second instance of the data message corresponds to a shaped constellation point set; and a component for applying the second power scaling factor to a second part of the second instance of the data message, wherein the second part of the second instance of the data message corresponds to an unshaped constellation point set.

[0239] Aspect 66: An apparatus according to Aspect 64, wherein the means for applying the second power scaling to the second instance of the data message includes: a means for applying a second power scaling factor to the second instance of the data message, wherein the second instance of the data message corresponds to a shaped constellation point set and an unshaped constellation point set, and wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a ratio between the shaped constellation point set and the unshaped constellation point set.

[0240] Aspect 67: The apparatus according to Aspect 66, the apparatus further comprising: means for sending an indication of the second power scaling factor to a second wireless device.

[0241] Aspect 68: An apparatus according to any one of Aspects 66 to 67, the apparatus further comprising: a means for scrambling the shaped constellation point set and the unshaped constellation point set across one or both of a code block or a transport block associated with the second instance of the data message.

[0242] Aspect 69: An apparatus according to Aspect 64, wherein the means for sending the second instance of the data message includes: means for sending a set of unshaped constellation points, wherein the second instance of the data message excludes shaped constellation points based on the data message including the information bits associated with the probabilistic shaping scheme, and wherein the second power scaling is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points based on excluding the shaped constellation points.

[0243] Aspect 70: An apparatus according to Aspect 64, the apparatus further comprising: a means for scrambling a set of bits to be sent via the second instance of the data message, wherein the set of bits corresponds to a set of shaped constellation points and a set of unshaped constellation points, and wherein the set of shaped constellation points and the set of unshaped constellation points are uniformly distributed across the constellation set based on scrambling the set of bits, and wherein the second power scaling is associated with the uniform distribution of constellation points based on scrambling the set of bits.

[0244] Aspect 71: An apparatus according to any one of Aspects 64 to 70, wherein the apparatus further comprises: a component for sending a third instance of the data message as a second retransmission of the data message, wherein sending the third instance of the data message comprises applying a third power scaling to the second instance of the data message, wherein the third power scaling is different from the second power scaling.

[0245] Aspect 72: The apparatus according to any one of aspects 59 to 71, the apparatus further comprising: means for sending an indication of the power scaling factor to a second wireless device.

[0246] Aspect 73: An apparatus according to any one of aspects 59 to 72, wherein the means for selecting the power scaling factor comprises: means for receiving an indication of the power scaling factor from a second device.

[0247] Aspect 74: An apparatus for performing wireless communications at a wireless device, the apparatus comprising: a component for selecting a power scaling factor corresponding to a data message based on a coding modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message; and a component for receiving the data message according to the coding modulation scheme, including decoding the information bits according to the probability shaping scheme and considering power scaling of the data message according to the power scaling factor.

[0248] Aspect 75: An apparatus according to Aspect 74, wherein the component for selecting the power scaling factor includes: a component for selecting the power scaling factor from a set of power scaling factors associated with an MCS parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with the probability shaping scheme, and wherein the power scaling factor is associated with an index of the MCS parameter set, and the MCS parameter set corresponds to the decoding modulation scheme associated with the data message.

[0249] Aspect 76: An apparatus according to Aspect 74, wherein the component for selecting the power scaling factor includes: a component for selecting an intermediate power scaling factor from a set of power scaling factors associated with an MCS parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with the probability shaping scheme, wherein the power scaling factor is the quotient of the intermediate power scaling factor and a second power scaling factor, wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points.

[0250] Aspect 77: An apparatus according to Aspect 74, wherein the component for selecting the power scaling factor includes: a component for calculating the power scaling factor based on one or more shaping parameters associated with the probability shaping scheme, wherein the one or more shaping parameters include at least one of a probability distribution scaling factor, a shaping rate, or an entropy value associated with one or more modulation symbols used for the data message.

[0251] Aspect 78: An apparatus according to any one of Aspects 74 to 77, the apparatus further comprising: a component for receiving a second instance of the data message as a retransmission of the data message, wherein receiving the second instance of the data message includes taking into account a second power scaling of the second instance of the data message.

[0252] Aspect 79: An apparatus according to Aspect 78, wherein the component for considering the second power scaling of the second instance of the data message includes: a component for applying the inverse of the power scaling factor to a first part of the second instance of the data message, wherein the first part of the second instance of the data message corresponds to a shaped constellation point set; and a component for applying the inverse of the second power scaling factor to a second part of the second instance of the data message, wherein the second part of the second instance of the data message corresponds to an unshaped constellation point set.

[0253] Aspect 80: An apparatus according to Aspect 78, wherein the means for taking into account the second power scaling of the second instance of the data message includes: a means for applying the inverse of a second power scaling factor to the second instance of the data message, wherein the second instance of the data message corresponds to a set of shaped constellation points and a set of unshaped constellation points, and wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a ratio between the set of shaped constellation points and the set of unshaped constellation points.

[0254] Aspect 81: The apparatus according to aspect 80, the apparatus further comprising: means for receiving an indication of the second power scaling factor from a second wireless device.

[0255] Aspect 82: An apparatus according to any one of Aspects 80 to 81, the apparatus further comprising: a means for descrambling the shaped constellation point set and the unshaped constellation point set across one or both of a code block or a transport block associated with the second instance of the data message.

[0256] Aspect 83: An apparatus according to Aspect 78, wherein the means for receiving the second instance of the data message includes: means for receiving a set of unshaped constellation points, wherein the second instance of the data message excludes shaped constellation points based on the data message including the information bits associated with the probabilistic shaping scheme, and wherein the second power scaling is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points based on excluding the shaped constellation points.

[0257] Aspect 84: An apparatus according to Aspect 78, the apparatus further comprising: a means for descrambling a set of bits received via the second instance of the data message, wherein the set of bits corresponds to a set of shaped constellation points and a set of unshaped constellation points, and wherein the set of shaped constellation points and the set of unshaped constellation points are uniformly distributed across the constellation set based on descrambling the set of bits, and wherein the second power scaling is associated with the uniform distribution of constellation points based on descrambling the set of bits.

[0258] Aspect 85: An apparatus according to any one of Aspects 78 to 84, the apparatus further comprising: a component for receiving a third instance of the data message as a second retransmission of the data message, wherein receiving the third instance of the data message includes considering a third power scaling of the second instance of the data message, wherein the third power scaling is different from the second power scaling.

[0259] Aspect 86: The apparatus according to any one of aspects 74 to 85, wherein the means for selecting the power scaling factor comprises: means for receiving an indication of the power scaling factor from a second wireless device.

[0260] Aspect 87: The apparatus according to any one of aspects 74 to 86, the apparatus further comprising: means for sending an indication of the power scaling factor to a second wireless device.

[0261] Aspect 88: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a wireless device, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to: select a power scaling factor corresponding to the data message based on a coding modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message; and send the data message according to the coding modulation scheme, including encoding the information bits according to the probability shaping scheme and applying power scaling to the data message according to the power scaling factor.

[0262] Aspect 89: A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Aspect 88, wherein the instructions for selecting the power scaling factor are capable of being executed by the processor to: select the power scaling factor from a set of power scaling factors associated with an MCS parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with the probability shaping scheme, and wherein the power scaling factor is associated with an index of the MCS parameter set, and the MCS parameter set corresponds to the decoding modulation scheme associated with the data message.

[0263] Aspect 90: A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Aspect 88, wherein the instructions for selecting the power scaling factor are executable by the processor to: select an intermediate power scaling factor from a set of power scaling factors associated with an MCS parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with the probability shaping scheme, wherein the power scaling factor is the quotient of the intermediate power scaling factor and a second power scaling factor, and wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points.

[0264] Aspect 91: A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Aspect 88, wherein the instructions for selecting the power scaling factor are executable by the processor to: calculate the power scaling factor based on one or more shaping parameters associated with the probability shaping scheme, wherein the one or more shaping parameters include at least one of a probability distribution scaling factor, a shaping rate, or an entropy value associated with one or more modulation symbols used for the data message.

[0265] Aspect 92: The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any one of aspects 88 to 91, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: send a demodulation reference signal associated with the data message according to the power scaling factor.

[0266] Aspect 93: A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Aspects 88 to 92, wherein the instructions are also executable by the processor to: send a second instance of the data message as a retransmission of the data message, wherein sending the second instance of the data message includes applying a second power scaling to the second instance of the data message.

[0267] Aspect 94: A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Aspect 93, wherein the instructions for applying the second power scaling to the second instance of the data message are executable by the processor to: apply the power scaling factor to a first portion of the second instance of the data message, wherein the first portion of the second instance of the data message corresponds to a shaped constellation point set; and apply the second power scaling factor to a second portion of the second instance of the data message, wherein the second portion of the second instance of the data message corresponds to an unshaped constellation point set.

[0268] Aspect 95: A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Aspect 93, wherein the instructions for applying the second power scaling to the second instance of the data message are executable by the processor to: apply a second power scaling factor to the second instance of the data message, wherein the second instance of the data message corresponds to a shaped constellation point set and an unshaped constellation point set, and wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a ratio between the shaped constellation point set and the unshaped constellation point set.

[0269] Aspect 96: The non-transitory computer-readable medium of aspect 95, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: send an indication of the second power scaling factor to a second wireless device.

[0270] Aspect 97: A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Aspects 95 to 96, wherein the instructions are also executable by the processor to: scramble the shaped constellation point set and the unshaped constellation point set across one or both of the code blocks or transport blocks associated with the second instance of the data message.

[0271] Aspect 98: A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Aspect 93, wherein the instructions for sending the second instance of the data message are executable by the processor to: send a set of unshaped constellation points, wherein the second instance of the data message excludes shaped constellation points based on the data message including the information bits associated with the probabilistic shaping scheme, and wherein the second power scaling is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points based on excluding the shaped constellation points.

[0272] Aspect 99: A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Aspect 93, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: scramble a set of bits to be sent via the second instance of the data message, wherein the set of bits corresponds to a set of shaped constellation points and a set of unshaped constellation points, and wherein the set of shaped constellation points and the set of unshaped constellation points are evenly distributed across the constellation set based on scrambling the set of bits, and wherein the second power scaling is associated with the uniform distribution of constellation points based on scrambling the set of bits.

[0273] Aspect 100: A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Aspects 93 to 99, wherein the instructions are also executable by the processor to: send a third instance of the data message as a second retransmission of the data message, wherein sending the third instance of the data message includes applying a third power scaling to the second instance of the data message, wherein the third power scaling is different from the second power scaling.

[0274] Aspect 101: The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any one of aspects 88 to 100, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: send an indication of the power scaling factor to a second wireless device.

[0275] Aspect 102: The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any one of aspects 88 to 101, wherein the instructions for selecting the power scaling factor are executable by the processor to: receive an indication of the power scaling factor from a second device.

[0276] Aspect 103: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a wireless device, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to: select a power scaling factor corresponding to the data message based on a decoding modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message; and receive the data message according to the decoding modulation scheme, including decoding the information bits according to the probability shaping scheme and considering power scaling of the data message according to the power scaling factor.

[0277] Aspect 104: A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Aspect 103, wherein the instructions for selecting the power scaling factor are capable of being executed by the processor to: select the power scaling factor from a set of power scaling factors associated with an MCS parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with the probability shaping scheme, and wherein the power scaling factor is associated with an index of the MCS parameter set, and the MCS parameter set corresponds to the decoding modulation scheme associated with the data message.

[0278] Aspect 105: A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Aspect 103, wherein the instructions for selecting the power scaling factor are capable of being executed by the processor to: select an intermediate power scaling factor from a set of power scaling factors associated with an MCS parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with the probability shaping scheme, wherein the power scaling factor is the quotient of the intermediate power scaling factor and a second power scaling factor, wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points.

[0279] Aspect 106: A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Aspect 103, wherein the instructions for selecting the power scaling factor are executable by the processor to: calculate the power scaling factor based on one or more shaping parameters associated with the probability shaping scheme, wherein the one or more shaping parameters include at least one of a probability distribution scaling factor, a shaping rate, or an entropy value associated with one or more modulation symbols used for the data message.

[0280] Aspect 107: A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Aspects 103 to 106, wherein the instructions are also executable by the processor to: receive a second instance of the data message as a retransmission of the data message, wherein receiving the second instance of the data message includes taking into account a second power scaling of the second instance of the data message.

[0281] Aspect 108: A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Aspect 107, wherein the instructions for considering the second power scaling of the second instance of the data message are capable of being executed by the processor to: apply the inverse of the power scaling factor to a first part of the second instance of the data message, wherein the first part of the second instance of the data message corresponds to a shaped constellation point set; and apply the inverse of the second power scaling factor to a second part of the second instance of the data message, wherein the second part of the second instance of the data message corresponds to an unshaped constellation point set.

[0282] Aspect 109: A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Aspect 107, wherein the instructions for taking into account the second power scaling of the second instance of the data message are executable by the processor to: apply the inverse of a second power scaling factor to the second instance of the data message, wherein the second instance of the data message corresponds to a shaped constellation point set and an unshaped constellation point set, and wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a ratio between the shaped constellation point set and the unshaped constellation point set.

[0283] Aspect 110: The non-transitory computer-readable medium of aspect 109, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: receive an indication of the second power scaling factor from a second wireless device.

[0284] Aspect 111: A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Aspects 109 to 110, wherein the instructions are also executable by the processor to: descramble the shaped constellation point set and the unshaped constellation point set across one or both of the code blocks or transport blocks associated with the second instance of the data message.

[0285] Aspect 112: A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to aspect 107, wherein the instructions for receiving the second instance of the data message are executable by the processor to: receive a set of unshaped constellation points, wherein the second instance of the data message excludes shaped constellation points based on the data message including the information bits associated with the probabilistic shaping scheme, and wherein the second power scaling is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points based on excluding the shaped constellation points.

[0286] Aspect 113: A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Aspect 107, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: descramble a set of bits received via the second instance of the data message, wherein the set of bits corresponds to a set of shaped constellation points and a set of unshaped constellation points, and wherein the set of shaped constellation points and the set of unshaped constellation points are uniformly distributed across the constellation set based on descrambling the set of bits, and wherein the second power scaling is associated with the uniform distribution of constellation points based on descrambling the set of bits.

[0287] Aspect 114: A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Aspects 107 to 113, wherein the instructions are also capable of being executed by the processor to: receive a third instance of the data message as a second retransmission of the data message, wherein receiving the third instance of the data message includes considering a third power scaling of the second instance of the data message, wherein the third power scaling is different from the second power scaling.

[0288] Aspect 115: The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any one of aspects 103 to 114, wherein the instructions for selecting the power scaling factor are executable by the processor to: receive an indication of the power scaling factor from a second wireless device.

[0289] Aspect 116: The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any one of aspects 103 to 115, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: send an indication of the power scaling factor to a second wireless device.

[0290] As used herein, the term "determine" or "determine" encompasses a wide variety of actions, and thus, "determine" may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, searching (such as via searching in a table, database, or other data structure), reasoning, ascertaining, and similar actions. Additionally, "determine" may include receiving (such as receiving information), accessing (such as accessing data stored in a memory), and similar actions. Additionally, "determine" may include parsing, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.

[0291] As used herein, a phrase referring to "at least one of" a list of items refers to any combination of those items (including single members). As an example, "at least one of a, b, or c" is intended to cover: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, and abc.

[0292] The various illustrative logic components, logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithmic processes described in conjunction with the specific implementations disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. The interchangeability of hardware and software has been generally described in terms of functionality and is exemplified in the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and processes described above. Whether such functionality is implemented using hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0293] Hardware and data processing devices for implementing the various illustrative logics, logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or executed using a general purpose single-chip or multi-chip processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. In some implementations, specific processes and methods may be performed by circuits specific to a given function.

[0294] In one or more aspects, the functions described may be implemented using hardware, digital electronic circuitry, computer software, firmware, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents, or in any combination thereof. Specific implementations of the subject matter described in this specification may also be implemented as one or more computer programs, such as one or more modules of computer program instructions encoded on computer storage media for execution by a data processing device or for controlling the operation of a data processing device.

[0295] If implemented in software, the function can be stored or sent on a computer-readable medium using one or more instructions or codes. The process of the method or algorithm disclosed herein can be implemented in a processor executable software module that can reside on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include both computer storage media and communication media, and communication media include any medium that can realize the transfer of a computer program from one location to another. The storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access. By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage devices, disk storage devices or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store the desired program code in the form of an instruction or data structure and can be accessed by a computer. In addition, any connection can be appropriately referred to as a computer-readable medium. Disks and optical disks as used herein include compact discs (CDs), laser optical disks, optical optical disks, digital versatile discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and blue-ray discs. Disks can reproduce data magnetically, and optical disks can reproduce data optically using lasers. The above combination should also be included in the scope of computer-readable media. Additionally, the operations of a method or algorithm may reside as a code and instruction set, or any combination of code and instruction sets, on a machine-readable medium or computer-readable medium, which may be incorporated into a computer program product.

[0296] Various modifications to the specific implementations described in this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other specific implementations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the specific implementations shown herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the disclosure, the principles and features disclosed herein.

[0297] Additionally, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the terms "upper" and "lower" are sometimes used for ease of describing the drawings and indicate relative positions corresponding to the orientation of the drawings on a correctly oriented page, and may not reflect the correct orientation of any device as implemented.

[0298] Certain features described in this specification in the context of a single implementation may also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single implementation may also be implemented in multiple implementations individually or in any suitable subcombination. Furthermore, while features may be described above as functioning in some combination and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination may be removed from the combination, and a claimed combination may involve subcombinations or variations of subcombinations.

[0299] Similarly, although the operations are depicted in a specific order in the figure, this should not be understood as requiring such operations to be performed in the specific order shown or in a sequential order, or to perform all illustrated operations to achieve the desired result. In addition, the accompanying drawings can schematically depict one or more example processes in the form of a flow chart. However, other operations not depicted can be incorporated into the example process schematically illustrated. For example, one or more additional operations can be performed before, after, at the same time, or between any operations in the illustrated operation. In some environments, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. In addition, the separation of each system component in the specific implementation described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all specific implementations, but it should be understood that the described program components and systems can usually be integrated together in a single software product, or be packaged in multiple software products. In addition, other specific implementations are within the scope of the following claims. In some specific implementations, the actions narrated in the claims can be performed in different orders and still achieve the desired result.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device, the apparatus comprising: A processing system, the processing system being configured to: selecting a power scaling factor corresponding to the data message based on a coded modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message; and interface, the interface being configured as: Outputting the data message according to the coded modulation scheme includes encoding the information bits according to the probability shaping scheme and applying power scaling to the data message according to the power scaling factor.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein: To select the power scaling factor, the processing system is further configured to: The power scaling factor is selected from a set of power scaling factors associated with a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with the probability shaping scheme, and wherein the power scaling factor is associated with an index of the MCS parameter set, the MCS parameter set corresponding to the coding modulation scheme associated with the data message.

3. The device according to claim 1, wherein: To select the power scaling factor, the processing system is further configured to: An intermediate power scaling factor is selected from a set of power scaling factors associated with a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with the probability shaping scheme, wherein the power scaling factor is a product of the intermediate power scaling factor and a second power scaling factor, and wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points.

4. The device according to claim 1, wherein: To select the power scaling factor, the processing system is further configured to: The power scaling factor is calculated based on one or more shaping parameters associated with the probabilistic shaping scheme, wherein the one or more shaping parameters include at least one of a probability distribution scaling factor, a shaping rate, or an entropy value associated with one or more modulation symbols for the data message.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the interface is further configured to: A demodulation reference signal associated with the data message is output according to the power scaling factor.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the interface is further configured to: A second instance of the data message is output as a retransmission of the data message, wherein outputting the second instance of the data message comprises applying a second power scaling to the second instance of the data message.

7. The device according to claim 6, wherein: To apply the second power scaling to the second instance of the data message, the processing system is further configured to: applying the power scaling factor to a first portion of the second instance of the data message, wherein the first portion of the second instance of the data message corresponds to a set of shaped constellation points; as well as A second power scaling factor is applied to a second portion of the second instance of the data message, wherein the second portion of the second instance of the data message corresponds to an unshaped set of constellation points.

8. The device according to claim 6, wherein: To apply the second power scaling to the second instance of the data message, the processing system is further configured to: applying a second power scaling factor to the second instance of the data message, wherein the second instance of the data message corresponds to a shaped set of constellation points and an unshaped set of constellation points, and wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a ratio between the shaped set of constellation points and the unshaped set of constellation points.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the interface is further configured to: An indication of the second power scaling factor is output to a second wireless device.

10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processing system is further configured to: The set of shaped constellation points and the set of unshaped constellation points are scrambled across one or both of code blocks or transport blocks associated with the second instance of the data message.

11. The device according to claim 6, wherein: To output the second instance of the data message, the interface is configured to: outputting a set of unshaped constellation points, wherein the second instance of the data message excludes shaped constellation points in accordance with the data message including the information bits associated with the probabilistic shaping scheme, and wherein the second power scaling is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points in accordance with excluding the shaped constellation points.

12. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the processing system is further configured to: and scrambling a set of bits to be sent via the second instance of the data message, wherein the set of bits corresponds to a set of shaped constellation points and a set of unshaped constellation points, and wherein the set of shaped constellation points and the set of unshaped constellation points are uniformly distributed across a constellation set in accordance with scrambling the set of bits, and wherein the second power scaling is associated with the uniform distribution of constellation points in accordance with scrambling the set of bits.

13. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the interface is further configured to: A third instance of the data message is output as a second retransmission of the data message, wherein outputting the third instance of the data message comprises applying a third power scaling to the second instance of the data message, wherein the third power scaling is different from the second power scaling.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the interface is further configured to: An indication of the power scaling factor is output to a second wireless device.

15. The device according to claim 1, wherein: To select the power scaling factor, the interface is further configured to: An indication of the power scaling factor is obtained from a second wireless device.

16. An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device, the apparatus comprising: A processing system, the processing system being configured to: selecting a power scaling factor corresponding to the data message based on a coded modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message; and interface, the interface being configured as: Obtaining the data message according to the coded modulation scheme includes decoding the information bits according to the probability shaping scheme and accounting for power scaling of the data message according to the power scaling factor.

17. The device according to claim 16, wherein: To select the power scaling factor, the processing system is further configured to: The power scaling factor is selected from a set of power scaling factors associated with a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with the probability shaping scheme, and wherein the power scaling factor is associated with an index of the MCS parameter set, the MCS parameter set corresponding to the coding modulation scheme associated with the data message.

18. The device according to claim 16, wherein: To select the power scaling factor, the processing system is further configured to: An intermediate power scaling factor is selected from a set of power scaling factors associated with a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with the probability shaping scheme, wherein the power scaling factor is a product of the intermediate power scaling factor and a second power scaling factor, wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points.

19. The device according to claim 16, wherein: To select the power scaling factor, the processing system is further configured to: The power scaling factor is calculated based on one or more shaping parameters associated with the probabilistic shaping scheme, wherein the one or more shaping parameters include at least one of a probability distribution scaling factor, a shaping rate, or an entropy value associated with one or more modulation symbols for the data message.

20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the interface is further configured to: A second instance of the data message is obtained as a retransmission of the data message, wherein obtaining the second instance of the data message includes taking into account a second power scaling of the second instance of the data message.

21. A method for wireless communication at a wireless device, the method comprising: selecting a power scaling factor corresponding to the data message based on a coded modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message; as well as Sending the data message according to the coded modulation scheme includes encoding the information bits according to the probability shaping scheme and applying power scaling to the data message according to the power scaling factor.

22. The method of claim 21 , wherein selecting the power scaling factor comprises: The power scaling factor is selected from a set of power scaling factors associated with a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with the probability shaping scheme, and wherein the power scaling factor is associated with an index of the MCS parameter set, the MCS parameter set corresponding to the coding modulation scheme associated with the data message.

23. The method of claim 21 , wherein selecting the power scaling factor comprises: An intermediate power scaling factor is selected from a set of power scaling factors associated with a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with the probability shaping scheme, wherein the power scaling factor is a product of the intermediate power scaling factor and a second power scaling factor, and wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points.

24. The method of claim 21 , wherein selecting the power scaling factor comprises: The power scaling factor is calculated based on one or more shaping parameters associated with the probabilistic shaping scheme, wherein the one or more shaping parameters include at least one of a probability distribution scaling factor, a shaping rate, or an entropy value associated with one or more modulation symbols for the data message.

25. The method according to claim 21, further comprising: A second instance of the data message is sent as a retransmission of the data message, wherein sending the second instance of the data message includes applying a second power scaling to the second instance of the data message.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein applying the second power scaling to the second instance of the data message comprises: applying the power scaling factor to a first portion of the second instance of the data message, wherein the first portion of the second instance of the data message corresponds to a set of shaped constellation points; as well as A second power scaling factor is applied to a second portion of the second instance of the data message, wherein the second portion of the second instance of the data message corresponds to an unshaped set of constellation points.

27. A method for wireless communication at a wireless device, the method comprising: selecting a power scaling factor corresponding to the data message based on a coded modulation scheme associated with the data message and a probability shaping scheme associated with information bits of the data message; as well as Receiving the data message according to the coded modulation scheme includes decoding the information bits according to the probability shaping scheme and accounting for power scaling of the data message according to the power scaling factor.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein selecting the power scaling factor comprises: The power scaling factor is selected from a set of power scaling factors associated with a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with the probability shaping scheme, and wherein the power scaling factor is associated with an index of the MCS parameter set, the MCS parameter set corresponding to the coding modulation scheme associated with the data message.

29. The method of claim 27, wherein selecting the power scaling factor comprises: An intermediate power scaling factor is selected from a set of power scaling factors associated with a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) parameter set, wherein the set of power scaling factors is associated with the probability shaping scheme, wherein the power scaling factor is a product of the intermediate power scaling factor and a second power scaling factor, wherein the second power scaling factor is associated with a uniform distribution of constellation points.

30. The method of claim 27, wherein selecting the power scaling factor comprises: The power scaling factor is calculated based on one or more shaping parameters associated with the probabilistic shaping scheme, wherein the one or more shaping parameters include at least one of a probability distribution scaling factor, a shaping rate, or an entropy value associated with one or more modulation symbols for the data message.

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