Reprocessing method of oncorhynchus mykiss processing byproducts and application of reprocessing method
Through enzymatic decoupling solid fermentation technology, the processing by-products of rainbow trout and soybean meal are mixed, which solves the problem of long fermentation cycle in the existing technology, and realizes the efficient degradation of the processing by-products of rainbow trout and the high nutritional value of feed, which is suitable for scale Chemical production.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411817048.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-11
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, the fermentation cycle of the solid fermented feed mixed with soybean meal is relatively long, usually takes more than 2 weeks, resulting in low production efficiency.
The by-product of rainbow trout processing is mixed with soybean meal by using enzymatic decoupling method, and multiple enzymatic treatments are combined with the addition of molasses and fermentation bacteria agents to shorten the fermentation time and improve the nutritional value of the feed.
The rapid degradation of rainbow trout processing by-products into small-molecular peptides and amino acids is achieved, which shortens the fermentation cycle, improves the digestion and absorption rate and nutritional value of the feed, and reduces production costs.
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the field of aquatic product processing, and in particular to a method for reprocessing rainbow trout processing by-products and an application thereof. Background Art
[0002] With the continuous expansion of rainbow trout farming, the rainbow trout processing industry has flourished, especially the processing of rainbow trout fillets, which is currently the mainstream processed product. However, a large number of by-products are produced during the processing of fish fillets, such as fish heads, fish bones, fish skins, etc. These by-products are rich in nutrients such as protein and minerals, but are often made into low-value products such as fish meal or discarded, resulting in waste of resources and environmental pollution.
[0003] The technology of solid-state fermentation of soybean meal mixed with fish processing waste to prepare feed is currently in the process of continuous development and improvement. This technology mixes raw materials such as soybean meal and fish processing waste and uses microorganisms for solid-state fermentation. It can not only effectively degrade the anti-nutritional factors in the raw materials and improve the digestibility and absorption rate of the feed, but also increase the nutritional value of the feed, reduce production costs, and realize the recycling of resources. This technology has been studied and actually produced in some non-rainbow trout processing waste. In terms of technology, technicians have conducted in-depth research on fermentation strains, fermentation conditions, fermentation processes, etc., and have achieved certain results. For example, by screening and optimizing fermentation strains, the fermentation efficiency and feed quality can be improved; by controlling fermentation temperature, humidity, pH value and other conditions, the fermentation process can be optimized and the nutritional value of the feed can be improved; by improving the fermentation process, large-scale production can be achieved and production costs can be reduced. At present, the solid-state fermentation feed technology of soybean meal mixed with fish processing waste has been promoted and applied in some regions and enterprises, and has achieved good economic and environmental benefits.
[0004] However, the fermentation cycle is still relatively long, generally requiring more than 2 weeks to degrade the protein in the feed to an appropriate degree. How to achieve rapid fermentation, shorten the fermentation cycle, and improve production efficiency through new technologies is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention
[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to shorten the process time of preparing feed by mixing and fermenting rainbow trout processing waste with soybean meal, improve the solid-state fermentation efficiency, and make it more suitable for large-scale production.
[0006] In view of the problems of the prior art, the present invention discloses a method for reprocessing rainbow trout processing by-products, wherein the rainbow trout processing by-products are mixed with soybean meal, a by-product of soybean processing, and the rainbow trout waste is rapidly degraded into small molecule peptides and amino acids through enzymatic decomposition coupled with solid-state fermentation, while anti-nutritional factors in the soybean meal are eliminated, thereby obtaining a feed with high utilization rate and high nutritional value, thus realizing high-value utilization of rainbow trout processing by-products and having broad market prospects.
[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention is specifically implemented by the following technical scheme: a method for reprocessing rainbow trout processing byproducts, comprising the following steps:
[0008] (1) Pretreatment of rainbow trout processing byproducts and soybean meal by cleaning and crushing;
[0009] (2) The by-products of rainbow trout processing are enzymatically hydrolyzed in sequence, with 0.1% to 0.3% of neutral protease added in the first enzymatic hydrolysis, 0.1% to 0.3% of animal protease added in the second enzymatic hydrolysis, and 0.1% to 0.3% of bone collagenase added in the third enzymatic hydrolysis. Each enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out at 45°C to 55°C for 3 to 5 hours. After the third enzymatic hydrolysis, the temperature is raised to 75°C to terminate the enzymatic hydrolysis. The role of enzymatic hydrolysis is to degrade the protein in the rainbow trout by-products from large molecules to small molecular peptides. The neutral protease has high activity under neutral conditions and has a relatively wide specificity. It can hydrolyze protein-rich substrates such as rainbow trout skin and fish meat. The animal protease is mainly trypsin, which has different cleavage sites from the neutral protease and can further reduce the molecular weight of protein peptides. The bone collagenase is only effective for collagen tissues such as rainbow trout heads and fish bones. Under the action of the mixture of the above three proteases, the molecular weight of protein peptides can be reduced and the digestion and absorption rate of protein can be improved. In addition, the main anti-nutritional factor in soybean meal is trypsin inhibitor, the chemical component of which is protein and can be hydrolyzed by a variety of proteases, especially in the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation process of the present invention, it can be decomposed by enzymes produced by microorganisms and utilized, thereby being eliminated.
[0010] (3) mixing the enzymatically hydrolyzed rainbow trout processing byproduct and soybean meal, adding 3% to 10% by weight of molasses and 0.3% to 0.8% by weight of a fermentation agent to the mixture, and stirring evenly to form a fermentation matrix;
[0011] (4) Solid-state fermentation: The fermentation substrate is placed in a fermentation container and sealed for fermentation for 3 to 7 days. The fermentation temperature is controlled at 36°C to 40°C to ensure the normal growth and reproduction of the fermentation bacteria. The fermentation time is generally 3-7 days, which can be adjusted according to the fermentation situation and feed requirements.
[0012] (5) Drying and granulation: The fermented mixture is dried, the premix is fully stirred and made into pellet feed using a granulator, and then dried to reduce the moisture content and extend the shelf life. After drying, the feed is bagged for storage and transportation.
[0013] As a byproduct of soybean processing, soybean meal is also rich in protein and amino acids and is an important raw material for feed preparation. Rainbow trout waste is degraded into small molecule peptides and amino acids, while eliminating anti-nutritional factors in soybean meal, improving feed utilization and nutritional value, and significantly reducing feed costs. After fermentation, the nutritional value of rainbow trout processing byproducts and soybean meal is improved, and after mixing and pelleting with other auxiliary materials, it is easier to digest and absorb, while improving immunity and saving costs.
[0014] Furthermore, in step (1), the byproducts of rainbow trout processing, including fish heads, fish bones and fish skins, are cleaned, decontaminated and crushed.
[0015] Furthermore, in step (1), the soybean meal is pulverized and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to facilitate subsequent mixing.
[0016] Furthermore, in step (3), the rainbow trout processing by-product and soybean meal are mixed in a ratio of 2:0.1-1, so that the water content is 30% to 80%.
[0017] Furthermore, the fermentation agent in step (3) is the YO-PROX 738 composite strain.
[0018] Furthermore, in the first 24 hours of fermentation in step (4), ventilation is performed every 4 to 6 hours for 5 minutes each time.
[0019] Furthermore, in step (5), the dried mixture is mixed with second flour, chicken meal, cottonseed protein, and pork meal and then ultrafinely ground. After the grinding, the mixture is mixed with gluten powder, squid paste, starch, mildew inhibitor, antioxidant, zeolite powder, hemoglobin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline, lysine, methionine, and multivitamins to prepare a premix.
[0020] An application of the method in preparing feed.
[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0022] (1) The solid-state fermented feed protein prepared by the method of the present invention contains small molecule peptides, is rich in small peptides, amino acids, etc., and is easy to digest and absorb.
[0023] (2) The solid feed of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of waste materials is directly applied to the production of feed, and no wastewater that is difficult to treat is generated;
[0024] (3) The heating process time is greatly shortened, which not only saves heating costs but also reduces the loss of nutrients.
[0025] (4) Through enzymatic decomposition coupled with solid-state fermentation, rainbow trout waste can be rapidly degraded into small molecule peptides and amino acids. The fermentation time is generally 3-7 days, which greatly shortens the production cycle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] The following description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0027] The following examples can be understood as a part of the local structure or method of the present invention alone, and can also be understood as the combination of the examples to explain the connotation of the larger structure or method of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials of the present invention are obtained from commercial sales.
[0028] Example 1
[0029] A solid-state fermentation feed mixed with rainbow trout processing byproducts and soybean meal and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following process steps:
[0030] (1) Rainbow trout processing by-products, including fish heads, fish bones, fish skin, etc., are cleaned, decontaminated, and crushed. At the same time, high-quality soybean meal is ultra-finely crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve.
[0031] (2) The rainbow trout processing byproducts are enzymatically hydrolyzed in sequence, with 0.1% to 0.3% of neutral protease added in the first enzymatic hydrolysis, 0.1% to 0.3% of animal protease added in the second enzymatic hydrolysis, and 0.1% to 0.3% of collagenase added in the third enzymatic hydrolysis, each enzymatic hydrolysis is performed at 45° C. for 3.5 hours, and the temperature is raised to 75° C. after the third enzymatic hydrolysis to terminate the enzymatic hydrolysis;
[0032] (3) Add 5% molasses, mix them thoroughly, put them into a sealed container, seal, heat to 70°C, cool to 37°C after 15 minutes, add YO-PROX 738 composite bacteria according to the instructions for fermentation, at 30°C, for the first 24 hours, ventilate once every 4 hours, each time for 5 minutes. Ferment for 3-7 days, heat to 70°C according to the fermentation situation, and end the fermentation;
[0033] (4) After the fermentation is completed, the mixture is dried in a dryer, and the premixes such as 20-35 parts of the fermented mixture, 12-17 parts of chicken meal, 7-10 parts of second flour, 5-10 parts of pork meal, 5-10 parts of hemoglobin, 4-7 parts of cottonseed protein, 3-7 parts of starch, 2-5 parts of fish oil, 1-5 parts of cuttlefish paste, 1-3 parts of zeolite powder, 1-3 parts of gluten powder, 1-3 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.5 parts of antifungal agent, and 0.01-0.1 parts of antioxidant are fully stirred and mixed;
[0034] (4) After sufficient stirring, the pellet feed is made into pellets with a particle size of 3-3.5 mm using a pelletizer;
[0035] (5) Dry the pellet feed in a maturator until the moisture content is 8-10%. After drying, package the feed for storage and transportation.
[0036] Example 2
[0037] A solid-state fermentation feed mixed with rainbow trout processing byproducts and soybean meal and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following process steps:
[0038] (1) Rainbow trout processing by-products, including fish heads, fish bones, fish skin, etc., are cleaned, decontaminated, and crushed. At the same time, high-quality soybean meal is ultra-finely crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve.
[0039] (2) adding 0.15% neutral protease, 0.1% animal protease and 0.1% collagenase to the rainbow trout by-product, performing enzymolysis at 50° C. for 4 h, and then completing the enzymolysis;
[0040] (3) Add 3% molasses, mix them thoroughly, put them into a sealed container, seal, heat to 70°C, cool to 37°C after 15 minutes, add YO-PROX 738 composite bacteria according to the instructions for fermentation, at 35°C, for the first 24 hours, ventilate once every 5 hours, each time for 5 minutes. Ferment for 5-7 days, heat to 70°C according to the fermentation situation, and end the fermentation;
[0041] (4) After the fermentation is completed, the mixture is dried in a dryer, and the premixes such as 30-40 parts of the fermented mixture, 8-15 parts of chicken meal, 7-10 parts of second flour, 5-10 parts of hemoglobin, 4-7 parts of cottonseed protein, 3-7 parts of starch, 2-5 parts of fish oil, 1-5 parts of cuttlefish paste, 1-3 parts of zeolite powder, 1-3 parts of gluten powder, 1-3 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.5 parts of antifungal agent, and 0.01-0.1 parts of antioxidant are fully stirred and mixed;
[0042] (5) After sufficient stirring, the feed is made into pellets with a particle size of 3-3.5 mm using a pelletizer;
[0043] (6) Dry the pellet feed in a maturator until the moisture content is 8-10%. After drying, package the feed for storage and transportation.
[0044] Example 3
[0045] A solid-state fermentation feed mixed with rainbow trout processing byproducts and soybean meal and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following process steps:
[0046] (1) Rainbow trout processing by-products, including fish heads, fish bones, fish skin, etc., are cleaned, decontaminated, and crushed. At the same time, high-quality soybean meal is ultra-finely crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve.
[0047] (2) The rainbow trout processing byproducts are enzymatically hydrolyzed in sequence, with 0.1% to 0.3% of neutral protease added in the first enzymatic hydrolysis, 0.1% to 0.3% of animal protease added in the second enzymatic hydrolysis, and 0.1% to 0.3% of collagenase added in the third enzymatic hydrolysis, each enzymatic hydrolysis is performed at 55° C. for 4.5 hours, and the temperature is raised to 75° C. after the third enzymatic hydrolysis to terminate the enzymatic hydrolysis;
[0048] (3) Add 7% molasses, mix them thoroughly, put them into a sealed container, seal, heat to 70°C, cool to 37°C after 15 minutes, add YO-PROX 738 composite bacteria according to the instructions for fermentation, at 40°C, for the first 24 hours, ventilate once every 6 hours, each time for 10 minutes. Ferment for 5-7 days, heat to 70°C according to the fermentation situation, and end the fermentation;
[0049] (4) After the fermentation is completed, the mixture is dried in a dryer, and 40-65 parts of the fermented mixture, 3-7 parts of cottonseed protein, 4-8 parts of chicken meal, 5-8 parts of second-grade flour, 3-5 parts of starch, 1-5 parts of fish oil, 1-5 parts of cuttlefish paste, 1-3 parts of zeolite powder, 1-3 parts of gluten powder, 1-3 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-3 parts of scallop skirt, 0.1-0.5 parts of mildew inhibitor, 0.01-0.1 parts of antioxidant and other premixes are fully stirred and mixed;
[0050] (5) After sufficient stirring, the pellet feed is made into pellets with a particle size of 3.5 mm to 5 mm using a pelletizer;
[0051] (6) Dry the pellet feed in a maturator until the moisture content is 8-10%. After drying, package the feed for storage and transportation.
[0052] Determination of main components of solid feed: After drying, the following main indicators are determined:
[0053] Crude protein, GB 6432-2018, Kjeldahl method; crude fat, GB / T 6433-2006, Soxhlet extraction method; ash, GB / T6438-2007, high temperature ignition method; moisture, GB / T 6435-2014, constant weight method.
[0054] The test results are as follows:
[0055] Crude protein (%) Crude fat (%) Moisture (%) Ash content (%) Example 1 47.4 11.2 7.6 13.3 Example 2 48.9 11.2 8.1 13.0 Example 3 50.7 11.3 7.8 13.5 Commercially available 46.3 10.8 8.5 14.2
[0056] It can be seen from the test results of fermented fish meal in Table 1 above that the fermented solid feed in the embodiment of the present invention meets the important nutritional and quality index requirements of pellet fish feed. By comparing the embodiment and the ordinary commercial pellet feed, it can be found that the crude protein and crude fat in the fermented solid feed in the embodiment are higher than those in the ordinary commercial feed, while the ash content and moisture content are lower than those in the ordinary commercial feed, which indicates that the quality of the fermented solid feed in the embodiment of the present invention is better than that of the ordinary commercial feed.
[0057] The present invention provides an efficient and environmentally friendly solid-state fermented feed mixed with rainbow trout processing byproducts and soybean meal and a preparation method thereof, which not only improves resource utilization and reduces feed costs, but also improves the taste and flavor of the feed, and increases the animal's feed intake and growth performance. The invention has broad application prospects and significant economic benefits.
[0058] The various aspects, embodiments, and features of the present invention should be considered to be illustrative in all aspects and not limiting of the present invention, the scope of which is defined solely by the claims. Other embodiments, modifications, and uses will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed invention.
[0059] In the preparation method of the present invention, the order of each step is not limited to the order listed. For those skilled in the art, without creative work, the order of each step is also within the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, two or more steps or actions can be performed simultaneously.
[0060] Finally, it should be noted that the specific embodiments described herein are merely examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods of the present invention. A person skilled in the art of the present invention may make various modifications or supplements to the specific embodiments described, or replace them in a similar manner. It is not necessary and impossible to provide all examples of all implementation methods here. However, these obvious changes or modifications derived from the essential spirit of the present invention still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention, and interpreting them as any additional limitation is contrary to the spirit of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for reprocessing rainbow trout processing by-products, characterized in that The following steps are involved: (1) Pretreatment of rainbow trout processing byproducts and soybean meal by cleaning and crushing; (2) The byproducts of rainbow trout processing are enzymatically hydrolyzed in sequence, with 0.1% to 0.3% of neutral protease added in the first enzymatic hydrolysis, 0.1% to 0.3% of animal protease added in the second enzymatic hydrolysis, and 0.1% to 0.3% of collagenase added in the third enzymatic hydrolysis, each enzymatic hydrolysis is performed at 45° C. to 55° C. for 3 to 5 hours, and the temperature is raised to 75° C. after the third enzymatic hydrolysis to terminate the enzymatic hydrolysis; (3) mixing the enzymatically hydrolyzed rainbow trout processing byproducts and soybean meal, adding 3% to 10% by weight of molasses and 0.3% to 0.8% by weight of a fermentation agent to the mixture, and stirring evenly to form a fermentation matrix; (4) Solid-state fermentation: The fermentation substrate is placed in a fermentation container and sealed for fermentation for 3 to 7 days at a fermentation temperature of 36° C. to 40° C.; (5) Drying and granulation: The fermented mixture is dried and premixed, and after sufficient stirring, it is made into granular feed using a granulator and dried. After drying, the feed is bagged.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (1) cleaning, removing impurities and crushing rainbow trout processing byproducts including fish heads, fish bones and fish skins.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (1) The soybean meal is crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (3) The rainbow trout processing by-product and soybean meal are mixed in a ratio of 2:0.1-1, so that the water content is 30%-80%.
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation agent in step (3) is YO-PROX 738 composite bacteria.
6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), during the first 24 hours of fermentation, ventilation was performed every 4 to 6 hours for 5 minutes each time.
7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (5) The dried mixture is mixed with second flour, chicken meal, cottonseed protein, and pork meal, and then ultrafinely ground. After the grinding, the mixture is mixed with gluten powder, squid paste, starch, mildew inhibitor, antioxidant, zeolite powder, hemoglobin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline, lysine, methionine, and multivitamins to prepare a premix.
8. Use of any of the methods of claims 1 to 7 in preparing feed.