A photothermal super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing composite material based on template synergistic ablation method and a preparation method thereof, and a photothermal super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing surface

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of multifunctional super-hydrophobic materials, and particularly relates to a light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing composite material based on a template synergistic ablation method, a preparation method of the light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing composite material, and a light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing surface. The preparation method of the light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing composite material uses light-heat nanoparticles as fillers, uniformly disperses the fillers in a high-molecular polymer, uses sandpaper as a template, forms a film with a micro-pit structure through a pouring and solidification method, and forms nano-wrinkles or nano-particles similar to synapses on the micro-pit structure of the film through flame ablation treatment, thereby forming a super-hydrophobic surface with a micro-nano structure. The light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing composite material based on the template synergistic ablation method has excellent light-heat and hydrophobic properties, can be used as a light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing surface, and has a simple preparation process, low preparation cost, and can be suitable for large-scale production.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of multifunctional super-hydrophobic materials, and particularly relates to a light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing composite material based on a template synergistic ablation method, a preparation method thereof and a light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing surface. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, in order to eliminate the ice and frost on the surface of equipment or equipment, there are active deicing technology and passive deicing technology. Among them, the active deicing technology includes mechanical deicing, chemical deicing and electric heating deicing method. However, these active deicing technologies have defects such as low deicing efficiency, high energy consumption, high maintenance cost, environmental pollution and operation risk in practical application. In recent years, passive anti-icing technology has attracted widespread attention from researchers and industry, and researchers have developed and reported a variety of passive anti-icing surfaces, such as super-hydrophobic surfaces, anti-freezing surfaces and sliding surfaces. Compared with sliding surfaces and anti-freezing surfaces, super-hydrophobic surfaces have the advantages of outstanding anti-icing effect and easier large-scale production.

[0003] In the prior art, the main idea of preparing a super-hydrophobic surface is to realize it by combining a surface micro-nano composite structure with a low surface energy material. The Chinese patent application with the publication number CN110746624A discloses a PDMS super-hydrophobic surface preparation method based on a template method. The patent application first performs laser processing on a metal substrate to obtain a microstructure array, then performs a PDMS reverse molding method, and then a super-hydrophobic surface is prepared. In addition, the Chinese patent application with the publication number CN106185792A discloses a full-parameter controllable preparation method of a super-hydrophobic micro-nano composite structure. The patent application proposes a method combining micro-electromechanical lithography technology and colloidal soft etching, assembles nanometer microspheres into a single-layer dense nanometer mask through self-assembly, then combines with a silicon substrate with a microstructure, and prepares a micro-nano composite structure through oxygen plasma etching and colloidal soft etching. Finally, a super-hydrophobic surface is obtained by modifying with fluorosilane. However, these technologies for preparing a super-hydrophobic surface all need to go through complex mechanical / laser processing to obtain a micro-nano structure as a template, then rework the micro-nano structure, and then obtain a super-hydrophobic surface. Another template method in the prior art is to rework a super-hydrophobic organism, electrochemical deposition and a porous membrane. With the development of laser processing, laser ablation engraving of a super-hydrophobic pattern is also one of the effective methods. However, the limitation of the template is not conducive to large-area preparation, and the preparation and processing of the template may additionally increase the cost. In addition, as for laser ablation, although the appearance of femtosecond and picosecond lasers greatly shortens the processing time, large-scale processing equipment is needed, and the cost of equipment is particularly high.

[0004] It can be seen that the prior art technology for preparing super-hydrophobic surface has problems of complex preparation process, high etching cost and long processing time, and is difficult to realize large-scale production in industry. Therefore, in the development of super-hydrophobic ice-repellent and deicing surface, a more simple and effective method is used to construct a super-hydrophobic surface to achieve passive ice-repellent effect, and the technology in this regard is not mature enough. In addition, the passive ice-repellent technology of super-hydrophobic surface is combined with the active deicing technology of photothermal, and this strategy of ice prevention and deicing has obvious advancement and feasibility, and has practicality for solving the ice and frost accumulation on the surface of outdoor equipment or equipment. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the first object of the present application is to provide a preparation method of a photothermal super-hydrophobic ice-repellent and deicing composite material based on a template synergistic ablation method, which uses sandpaper as a template, forms a film with a micro-pit structure by pouring and solidifying, and then forms nano-wrinkles or nano-particles similar to synapses on the micro-pit structure of the film through flame ablation treatment, thereby forming a super-hydrophobic surface with micro-nano structure, which has the advantages of simple process, short preparation time and suitability for large-scale production compared with other technologies.

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the second object of the present application is to provide a photothermal super-hydrophobic ice-repellent and deicing composite material based on a template synergistic ablation method, which uses the micro-pit structure of the sandpaper template and the structure combined with the nano-wrinkles or nano-synapses obtained by ablation to realize the super-hydrophobic Cassie-Baxter model of the surface, increase the water contact angle, reduce the rolling angle, reduce the adhesion of ice and other pollutants, and thus improve the passive ice-repellent ability; the addition of nano-particles with photothermal properties enables the composite material to have the function of active deicing of photothermal.

[0007] The third object of the present application is to provide a photothermal super-hydrophobic ice-repellent and deicing surface, which has excellent hydrophobicity, ice-repellent performance and deicing performance, and has low preparation cost, high preparation efficiency and can realize large-scale production in industry.

[0008] To achieve the first object of the application, the technical solution adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0009] The present application provides a preparation method of a photothermal super-hydrophobic ice-repellent and deicing composite material based on a template synergistic ablation method, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1, preparing a film-forming slurry: adding a high molecular polymer and a photothermal nano-particle into an organic solvent and mixing uniformly to obtain a film-forming slurry;

[0011] S2, pouring a mold: using sandpaper as a template, pouring the film-forming slurry prepared in step S1 on the surface of the sandpaper;

[0012] S3, curing and demolding: the film-forming slurry poured on the sandpaper surface in step S2 is heated and cured to form a film, and then the sandpaper template is removed to obtain a film with a micro-pit structure on the surface;

[0013] S4, flame ablation treatment: the surface of the film obtained in step S3 is ablated by flame to obtain the light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing composite material based on the template-assisted ablation method.

[0014] The light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing composite material based on the template-assisted ablation method and the preparation method thereof disclosed in the present application use light-heat nanoparticles as fillers, which are uniformly dispersed in a high polymer, and then use sandpaper as a template to form a film with a micro-pit structure by pouring and curing, and then use flame ablation treatment to form nano-wrinkles or nano-particles similar to synapses on the micro-pit structure of the film, and then form a super-hydrophobic surface with micro-nano structure. The light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing composite material based on the template-assisted ablation method has excellent light-heat and hydrophobic properties, and can be used as a light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing surface. The present application is simple in the whole preparation process of the super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing material from the selection of the template to the formation of the micro-nano structure of the light-heat super-hydrophobic surface, low in preparation cost, short in preparation time, efficient in preparation, and suitable for large-scale production.

[0015] Further, in step S1, the high polymer is polydimethylsiloxane, which is a low-surface-energy high polymer, and the film-forming material thereof has good hydrophobic properties. And / or

[0016] The light-heat nanoparticles are one of carbon black nanoparticles, ferroferric oxide nanoparticles or titanium dioxide nanoparticles; wherein the light-heat nanoparticles have excellent light-heat conversion performance. And / or

[0017] The organic solvent is one of n-hexane, ethyl acetate or tetrahydrofuran; wherein n-hexane, ethyl acetate or tetrahydrofuran are all easy to dissolve high molecular compounds, and are easy to volatilize during heating and curing.

[0018] Further, in step S1, the mass ratio of the high polymer, the organic solvent and the light-heat nanoparticles is 1:(1.5-3):(0.002-0.01); and / or

[0019] The particle size of the light-heat nanoparticles is 20-40 nm; wherein the particle size of the light-heat nanoparticles can make the formed material have better hydrophobic properties. And / or

[0020] The mixing is uniformly carried out by using a high-speed homogenizing defoaming machine. The rotation speed of the high-speed homogenizing machine is 3000 rap to 4000 rap, and the homogenizing time is 3 min to 5 min. Through defoaming, the film-forming slurry is better combined with the sandpaper template, and the solidified and formed film can reproduce the morphology of the sandpaper template, so that the hydrophobic performance of the film is better.

[0021] Further, in the step S1, the mixed and uniform film-forming slurry is further put into a vacuum tank for vacuum defoaming. Through further vacuum defoaming, the film-forming slurry is better combined with the sandpaper template, and the solidified and formed film can reproduce the morphology of the sandpaper template in a higher degree and more completely, so that the prepared film has excellent hydrophobic performance.

[0022] Further, in the step S2, the mesh number of the sandpaper is 100 mesh to 800 mesh. Preferably, the mesh number of the sandpaper is 240 mesh to 400 mesh.

[0023] Further, in the step S2, the sandpaper is fixed in a vessel, and the film-forming slurry prepared in the step S1 is poured on the surface of the sandpaper. The sandpaper is fixed in the vessel to facilitate the subsequent heating and solidification process.

[0024] Further, in the step S3, the heating and solidification temperature is 60℃ to 80℃, and the heating and solidification time is 2h to 4h. The heating and solidification is carried out by using an oven.

[0025] Further, in the step S4, the flame is a butane combustion flame; and / or

[0026] The temperature of the flame is 500℃ to 700℃, and the ablation treatment time is 5s to 25s.

[0027] To achieve the second object of the application, the technical solution adopted by the application is as follows:

[0028] The application provides a kind of based on template collaborative ablation method photo-thermal super-hydrophobic ice-resistant deicing composite material, which is prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0029] The application discloses a light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing composite material based on a template cooperative ablation method, which is based on the micro-nano structure of a material surface, realizes the super-hydrophobic Cassie-Baxter model of the surface, reduces the solid-liquid contact area fraction, increases the solid-gas contact area fraction, increases the shrinkage trend of water drops, thereby improving the apparent water contact angle, reducing the rolling angle, reducing the adhesion of ice and other pollutants, and improving the passive anti-icing and anti-frost effect; under the assistance of sunlight, the light-heat filler can convert sunlight into heat energy, increase the temperature of the material surface, and realize active deicing and defrosting of the material.

[0030] To achieve the third object of the application, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:

[0031] The application provides a light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing surface, which is prepared by the preparation method of the light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing composite material based on the template cooperative ablation method, and has excellent light-heat conversion performance by combining light, and is good for subsequent light-heat anti-icing and anti-frost and deicing.

[0032] The light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing surface has excellent hydrophobic performance, anti-icing performance and deicing performance, has low preparation cost, high preparation efficiency, and can realize large-scale production in industry.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:

[0034] (1) The preparation method of the light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing composite material based on the template cooperative ablation method selects a commonly used dry sandpaper as a template, the sandpaper is a commonly used material for grinding, is bonded with silicon carbide abrasive on latex with synthetic resin as a binder, has the advantages of anti-clogging, anti-static, good softness, high wear resistance and the like, and has various finenesses for selection, different finenesses have different micro-roughnesses, and the sandpaper can be used as a template to control the size of the microstructure of the hydrophobic film. Compared with the reported natural plant surface template copying preparation technology such as dry lotus leaf, the wear resistance of the dry lotus leaf and other plant surfaces is low, the micro-nano structure of the surface is easily damaged after copying, but in the application, the high-hardness silicon carbide abrasive in the sandpaper increases the wear resistance, so that the microstructure of multiple copying remains basically unchanged, and the anti-clogging performance of the sandpaper makes the film easy to separate from the sandpaper template after being poured and solidified into a film, and is more suitable for realizing large-scale production in industry.

[0035] (2) The preparation method of the light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing composite material based on the template cooperative ablation method of the application uniformly disperses light-heat nanoparticles as fillers in a high polymer, uses sandpaper as a template, forms a film with a micro-pit structure through pouring and solidification, and forms nano-wrinkles or nano-particles similar to synapses on the micro-pit structure of the film through flame ablation treatment, and then forms a super-hydrophobic surface with a micro-nano structure. The electrochemical deposition and laser ablation method reported in the prior art for constructing nano-structures on micro-structures has the advantage of being able to accurately control the obtained regular super-hydrophobic array, but is expensive, has a long processing time, has high etching cost, and is difficult to realize large-scale production. In comparison, the flame ablation treatment for constructing nano-wrinkles or nano-particles has low preparation cost, high preparation efficiency, and can realize large-scale production in industry.

[0036] (3) The light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing composite material based on the template cooperative ablation method of the application uses light-heat nanoparticles as fillers, and the nanoparticles have surface plasmon resonance characteristics. When light is irradiated onto the nanoparticles, surface plasmon resonance is excited, the surface charge of the nanoparticles oscillates continuously, and thus the light absorption is enhanced. The light-heat fillers convert sunlight into heat energy, and increase the temperature of the material surface, which is a good guarantee for active anti-icing and deicing work. The light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing composite material based on the template cooperative ablation method of the application realizes the Cassie-Baxter model of the super-hydrophobic surface based on the micro-nano structure of the material surface. The micro-nano structure is a typical optical trap structure, the absorbed light undergoes multiple internal reflections in the micro-pit, realizes the "light trapping effect" without dead angle for sunlight, enhances the light-heat conversion efficiency, and is beneficial to improving the performance of active deicing and defrosting of the composite material.

[0037] Although the super-hydrophobic surface has excellent passive anti-icing performance, most super-hydrophobic surface structures are easily damaged by external force, thereby affecting the anti-icing ability, and thus the icing and frosting on the super-hydrophobic surface cannot be intervened by traditional mechanical deicing means. The light-heat effect active deicing combined with the super-hydrophobic surface of the application can achieve the purposes of effective deicing and passive anti-icing, so that the traditional mechanical deicing means does not need to be intervened, and the super-hydrophobic surface structure is avoided from being damaged by external force.

[0038] (4) The template used in the application and the formation of the micro-nano structure of the light-heat super-hydrophobic surface are simple in the entire preparation process of the super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing material, low in preparation cost, short in preparation time, efficient in preparation, and suitable for large-scale production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only constitute some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort on the basis of these drawings.

[0040] Figure 1 is a preparation flowchart of a light-thermal super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing composite material based on a template collaborative ablation method according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0041] Figure 2 is a SEM image of a sample not subjected to flame treatment and a sample subjected to flame treatment. In the figure, group a is a SEM image of a sample N-PDMS (different grit sandpaper as a template) not subjected to flame treatment and a smooth PDMS film of Comparative Example 2; group b is a SEM image of a sample F-PDMS (different grit sandpaper as a template) subjected to flame treatment.

[0042] Figure 3 is a detection result graph of the water contact angle and sliding angle of a sample N-PDMS (different grit sandpaper as a template) not subjected to flame treatment and a sample F-PDMS (different grit sandpaper as a template) subjected to flame treatment. In the figure, N-PDMS represents a sample not subjected to flame ablation treatment, F-PDMS represents a sample subjected to flame ablation treatment, and WSA represents a sliding angle.

[0043] Figure 4 is a SEM image of the surface of a sample F-PDMS (240#) and F-PDMS (400#) before and after 20 cycles of adhesive tape peeling. In the figure, a represents a sample before the adhesive tape peeling test, and b represents a sample after the adhesive tape peeling test.

[0044] Figure 5 is a liquid column bounce diagram of a super-hydrophobic surface of a material prepared in Embodiment 1.

[0045] Figure 6 is a comparison diagram of the self-cleaning effect of sand, soil, putty powder and carbon powder of a sample 0.8C@PDMS (240#) not subjected to flame treatment and a sample F-0.8C@PDMS (240#) subjected to flame treatment after adding carbon black light-thermal nano fillers.

[0046] Figure 7 is a temperature-time curve and an infrared heat flow diagram of the light-thermal performance of the surface of a film prepared by adding different carbon black nano particle contents. In the figure, a is a temperature-time curve diagram, and b is an infrared heat flow diagram.

[0047] Figure 8are the surface temperature curve and the icing condition diagram of the sample surface at different stages of the contrast sample F-0.8C@PDMS (240#) and the sample without adding carbon black F-PDMS (240#).

[0048] Figure 9 are the anti-icing test diagrams of water droplets impacting the surface at different temperatures of the light-thermal super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing composite material prepared by the template synergistic ablation method in Example 1.

[0049] Figure 10 are the icing process and the complete icing time of water droplets on the surface of the sample PDMS (240#) without flame treatment, the sample 0.8C@PDMS (240#) and the sample F-PDMS (240#) and the sample F-0.8C@PDMS (240#) after flame treatment.

[0050] Figure 11 are the light-thermal de-icing process and the complete ice melting time on the surface of the contrast sample PDMS (240#), 0.8C@PDMS (240#), F-PDMS (240#) and F-0.8C@PDMS (240#). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] In order to make the technical problems to be solved by the present application, the technical solutions and the beneficial effects more clearly and clearly, the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0052] The terms used in the embodiments of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present application. In the present application, the singular forms "a", "said" and "the" used in the embodiments and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0053] Sample naming scheme in the present application

[0054]

[0055] In the embodiments of the present application, a light-thermal super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing composite material based on a template synergistic ablation method and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:

[0056] S1, preparing a film-forming slurry: adding a high molecular polymer and a light-thermal nanoparticle into an organic solvent, mixing uniformly to prepare a film-forming slurry;

[0057] S2, pouring a mold: pouring the film-forming slurry prepared in step S1 on the surface of the sandpaper as a mold;

[0058] S3, curing and demolding: the film-forming slurry poured on the sandpaper surface in step S2 is heated and cured to form a film, and then the sandpaper template is removed to obtain a film with a micro-pit structure on the surface;

[0059] S4, flame ablation treatment: the surface of the film obtained in step S3 is ablated by flame to obtain the light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing composite material based on the template-assisted ablation method.

[0060] One of the template-assisted ablation method light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing composite material and its preparation method in the embodiment uses light-heat nanoparticles as fillers, uniformly dispersing them in a high polymer, uses sandpaper as a template, forms a film with a micro-pit structure by pouring and curing, and then forms nano-wrinkles or nano-particles similar to synapses on the micro-pit structure of the film through flame ablation treatment, thereby forming a super-hydrophobic surface with micro-nano structure. The light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing composite material based on the template-assisted ablation method has excellent light-heat and hydrophobic properties. The entire preparation process of the super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing material from the selection of the template to the formation of the light-heat super-hydrophobic surface micro-nano structure is simple, has low preparation cost, short preparation time, high efficiency, and can be suitable for large-scale production.

[0061] In some embodiments, in step S1, the high polymer is polydimethylsiloxane; polydimethylsiloxane is a low-surface-energy high polymer, and its film-forming material has good hydrophobic properties.

[0062] The light-heat nanoparticles are one of carbon black nanoparticles, ferroferric oxide nanoparticles, or titanium dioxide nanoparticles; wherein the light-heat nanoparticles have excellent light-heat conversion performance. And / or

[0063] The organic solvent is one of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, or tetrahydrofuran; wherein n-hexane, ethyl acetate, or tetrahydrofuran are all easy to dissolve high molecular compounds, and are easy to volatilize during heating and curing.

[0064] In some embodiments, in step S1, the mass ratio of the high polymer, the organic solvent, and the light-heat nanoparticles is 1:(1.5-3):(0.002-0.01); and / or

[0065] The particle size of the light-heat nanoparticles is 20-40 nm; wherein the particle size of the light-heat nanoparticles can make the formed material have better hydrophobic properties. And / or

[0066] The mixing is uniform mixing by using a high-speed homogenizing defoaming machine. The rotation speed of the high-speed homogenizing machine is 3000 rap to 4000 rap, and the homogenizing time is 3 min to 5 min. The defoaming makes the film-forming slurry better adhere to the sandpaper template, and the solidified and formed film can better reproduce the morphology of the sandpaper template, and the hydrophobic performance of the film is better.

[0067] In some embodiments, in the step S1, the uniformly mixed film-forming slurry is further placed in a vacuum tank for vacuum defoaming. The further vacuum defoaming makes the film-forming slurry better adhere to the sandpaper template, and the solidified and formed film can more highly and completely reproduce the morphology of the sandpaper template, and thus the prepared film has excellent hydrophobic performance.

[0068] In some embodiments, in the step S2, the mesh number of the sandpaper is 100 mesh to 800 mesh. Preferably, the mesh number of the sandpaper is 240 mesh to 400 mesh.

[0069] In some embodiments, in the step S2, the sandpaper is fixed in a vessel, and the film-forming slurry prepared in the step S1 is poured on the surface of the sandpaper. The sandpaper is fixed in the vessel to facilitate the subsequent heating and solidification forming process.

[0070] In some embodiments, in the step S3, the heating and solidification temperature is 60 DEG C to 80 DEG C, and the heating and solidification time is 2 h to 4 h. The heating and solidification is performed by using an oven.

[0071] In some embodiments, in the step S4, the flame is a butane combustion flame; and / or

[0072] The temperature of the flame is 500 DEG C to 700 DEG C, and the flame treatment time is 5 s to 25 s.

[0073] In the embodiment, a kind of light-thermal super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing composite material based on template coordination ablation method is prepared by the preparation method of the light-thermal super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing composite material based on template coordination ablation method.

[0074] The light-thermal super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing composite material based on template coordination ablation method has a hydrophobic surface formed by the super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing material with environmental protection and high-efficiency light-thermal conversion. Under the action of sunlight, the light-thermal temperature of the material can be improved, and the requirements of passive anti-icing and anti-frost and active deicing and deicing are met. The super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing material has low preparation cost, high preparation efficiency, can realize large-scale production in industry, and has excellent hydrophobic performance.

[0075] The light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing surface in the embodiment of the application is prepared by using the preparation method of the light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing composite material based on the template coordination ablation method.

[0076] The light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing surface in the embodiment has excellent hydrophobic performance, low preparation cost, high preparation efficiency, and can be mass-produced in industry.

[0077] The specific embodiments are described below.

[0078] Embodiment 1

[0079] A preparation method of a light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing composite material based on a template coordination ablation method, as shown in Figure 1 includes the following steps:

[0080] S1, preparing a film-forming slurry: adding polydimethylsiloxane and carbon black nanoparticles into n-hexane, mixing uniformly by using a high-speed homogenizing defoaming machine to prepare a film-forming slurry; the film-forming slurry after uniform mixing is further put into a vacuum tank for vacuum defoaming; in this embodiment, the mass ratio of polydimethylsiloxane, n-hexane and carbon black nanoparticles is 1:2:0.008; in this embodiment, the particle size of the carbon black nanoparticles is 30 nm;

[0081] S2, pouring a mold: using 240-mesh sandpaper as a mold, fixing the sandpaper in a container, and pouring the film-forming slurry prepared in step S1 on the surface of the sandpaper;

[0082] S3, curing and forming and demolding: the film-forming slurry poured on the surface of the sandpaper in step S2 is heated to 70 DEG C for curing and forming for 3 hours, and then the sandpaper mold is removed to obtain a film with a micro-pit structure on the surface;

[0083] S4, flame ablation treatment: using the flame of butane combustion to ablate the surface of the film obtained in step S3, that is, the light-heat nano-filler super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing material based on the template method is prepared. In this embodiment, the temperature of the flame is 500 DEG C, and the ablation treatment time is 20 s.

[0084] Embodiment 2

[0085] A preparation method of a light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing composite material based on a template coordination ablation method, including the following steps:

[0086] S1, preparing film-forming slurry: polydimethylsiloxane, carbon black nanoparticles are added to n-hexane, and mixed uniformly by using a high-speed homogenizing defoaming machine to prepare a film-forming slurry; the mixed and uniform film-forming slurry is further placed in a vacuum tank for vacuum defoaming; in this embodiment, the mass ratio of polydimethylsiloxane, n-hexane and carbon black nanoparticles is 1:1.5:0.002; in this embodiment, the particle size of the carbon black nanoparticles is 20 nm;

[0087] S2, reverse molding: using 400 mesh sandpaper as a template, the sandpaper is fixed in a container, and the film-forming slurry prepared in step S1 is poured onto the surface of the sandpaper;

[0088] S3, curing, molding and demolding: the film-forming slurry poured on the surface of the sandpaper in step S2 is heated to 60°C for curing and molding for 4 hours, and then the sandpaper template is removed to obtain a thin film with a micro-pit structure on the surface;

[0089] S4, flame ablation treatment: using the flame of butane combustion to flame ablate the surface of the thin film obtained in step S3, that is, the light-heat nano-filler super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing material based on the template method is prepared. In this embodiment, the temperature of the flame is 700°C, and the ablation treatment time is 5s.

[0090] Embodiment 3

[0091] A preparation method of a light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing composite material based on a template and ablation method, comprising the following steps:

[0092] S1, preparing film-forming slurry: polydimethylsiloxane, carbon black nanoparticles are added to n-hexane, and mixed uniformly by using a high-speed homogenizing defoaming machine to prepare a film-forming slurry; the mixed and uniform film-forming slurry is further placed in a vacuum tank for vacuum defoaming; in this embodiment, the mass ratio of polydimethylsiloxane, n-hexane and carbon black nanoparticles is 1:3:0.01; in this embodiment, the particle size of the carbon black nanoparticles is 40 nm;

[0093] S2, reverse molding: using 100 mesh sandpaper as a template, the sandpaper is fixed in a container, and the film-forming slurry prepared in step S1 is poured onto the surface of the sandpaper;

[0094] S3, curing, molding and demolding: the film-forming slurry poured on the surface of the sandpaper in step S2 is heated to 80°C for curing and molding for 2 hours, and then the sandpaper template is removed to obtain a thin film with a micro-pit structure on the surface;

[0095] S4, flame ablation treatment: using the flame of butane combustion to flame ablate the surface of the thin film obtained in step S3, that is, the light-heat nano-filler super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing material based on the template method is prepared. In this embodiment, the temperature of the flame is 600°C, and the ablation treatment time is 25s.

[0096] Example 4

[0097] A preparation method of a light-thermal super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing composite material based on a template collaborative ablation method, comprising the following steps:

[0098] S1, preparing a film-forming slurry: adding polydimethylsiloxane and carbon black nanoparticles into n-hexane, mixing uniformly by using a high-speed homogenizing and degassing machine to prepare a film-forming slurry; the film-forming slurry after uniform mixing is further placed in a vacuum tank for vacuum degassing; in this embodiment, the mass ratio of polydimethylsiloxane, n-hexane and carbon black nanoparticles is 1:2.5:0.005; in this embodiment, the particle size of the carbon black nanoparticles is 25 nm;

[0099] S2, reverse molding: using 800-mesh sandpaper as a template, fixing the sandpaper in a container, and pouring the film-forming slurry prepared in step S1 on the surface of the sandpaper;

[0100] S3, curing and forming and demolding: heating the film-forming slurry poured on the surface of the sandpaper in step S2 to 65°C for curing and forming for 3.5 h, and then removing the sandpaper template to obtain a film with a micro-pit structure on the surface;

[0101] S4, flame ablation treatment: using the flame of butane combustion to perform flame ablation treatment on the surface of the film obtained in step S3, i.e., to prepare the light-thermal nano-filler super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing material based on the template method. In this embodiment, the temperature of the flame is 600°C, and the ablation treatment time is 8 s.

[0102] Example 5

[0103] A preparation method of a light-thermal super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing composite material based on a template collaborative ablation method, comprising the following steps:

[0104] S1, preparing a film-forming slurry: adding polydimethylsiloxane and carbon black nanoparticles into n-hexane, mixing uniformly by using a high-speed homogenizing and degassing machine to prepare a film-forming slurry; the film-forming slurry after uniform mixing is further placed in a vacuum tank for vacuum degassing; in this embodiment, the mass ratio of polydimethylsiloxane, n-hexane and carbon black nanoparticles is 1:1.8:0.006; in this embodiment, the particle size of the carbon black nanoparticles is 35 nm;

[0105] S2, reverse molding: using 180-mesh sandpaper as a template, fixing the sandpaper in a container, and pouring the film-forming slurry prepared in step S1 on the surface of the sandpaper;

[0106] S3, curing and forming and demolding: heating the film-forming slurry poured on the surface of the sandpaper in step S2 to 75°C for curing and forming for 2.5 h, and then removing the sandpaper template to obtain a film with a micro-pit structure on the surface;

[0107] S4, flame ablation treatment: using the flame of butane combustion to perform flame ablation treatment on the surface of the film obtained in step S3, i.e. to obtain the superhydrophobic anti-icing and deicing material based on the template method photothermal nano filler. In this embodiment, the temperature of the flame is 500°C, and the ablation treatment time is 10s.

[0108] Example 6

[0109] A preparation method of a template-based synergistic ablation method photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing and deicing composite material, the difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the photothermal nanoparticles in this embodiment are ferroferric oxide nanoparticles, and the organic solvent in this embodiment is ethyl acetate, and the rest of the components and the preparation method are the same as Example 1.

[0110] Example 7

[0111] A preparation method of a template-based synergistic ablation method photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing and deicing composite material, the difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the photothermal nanoparticles in this embodiment are titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and the organic solvent in this embodiment is tetrahydrofuran, and the rest of the components and the preparation method are the same as Example 1.

[0112] Example 8

[0113] A photothermal superhydrophobic surface, the surface of the film prepared by any one of the preparation methods of the template-based synergistic ablation method photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing and deicing composite material in Example 1 to Example 7.

[0114] Comparative Example 1

[0115] A preparation method of a film material, the difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that this comparative example does not perform the flame ablation treatment of step S4, and the film with a micro-pit structure is prepared after steps S1 to S3.

[0116] Comparative Example 2

[0117] A preparation method of a film material, the difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that this comparative example does not use a template, nor does it perform the flame ablation treatment of step S4, but only the film-forming slurry prepared according to step S1 in Example 1 is directly cured and formed to obtain a smooth PDMS film sample.

[0118] Surface morphology and performance detection

[0119] I. Effect of preparation process conditions on the morphology and wettability of PDMS-based superhydrophobic surfaces

[0120] Using the preparation steps of S1 to S3 in Example 1, five samples of thin films with micro-pit structures on the surface were prepared by using sandpaper with mesh numbers of 100 mesh, 180 mesh, 240 mesh, 400 mesh and 800 mesh, respectively, and were marked as Sample N-PDMS (different mesh number sandpaper as template).

[0121] The smooth PDMS film sample prepared in Comparative Example 2 was marked as N-PDMS.

[0122] The above six film samples were respectively characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the characterization results can be seen in Figure 2 (a).

[0123] As can be seen from Figure 2 (a), during the pouring and curing forming process, the PDMS film formed by the film-forming slurry well replicates the microstructure of the sandpaper template on the surface of the PDMS film constructed using different mesh number sandpaper as template. And the PDMS films constructed using different mesh number sandpaper as template have different sizes of micro-pits. The smooth PDMS film without using sandpaper as template, such as N-PDMS in Figure 2 (a), has a smooth surface and does not have a micro-pit structure.

[0124] Preparation of flame-treated samples: the above-prepared N-PDMS (different mesh number sandpaper as template) samples were sampled and flame-treated according to the method of Example 1, and the obtained samples were uniformly marked as F-PDMS (different mesh number sandpaper as template).

[0125] The F-PDMS (different mesh number sandpaper as template) samples were detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to compare and analyze the influence of flame ablation treatment on the surface morphology of the film, as shown in Figure 2 (b). After flame treatment, the surface of each F-PDMS (different mesh number sandpaper as template) sample generated a large number of nanoparticles. The generation of these nanostructures may be due to the following two aspects: (1) the insufficient combustion of butane flame may deposit a small part of carbon nanoparticles at the concave-convex place of the film surface; (2) in the short time ablation of flame treatment, due to heating, thermal stress is caused on the surface of the film, which further causes the micro-deformation of the surface layer, so that nano-scale wrinkles and synapses are formed on the surface of the film.

[0126] Detection of water contact angle and sliding angle (WSA): the above-prepared N-PDMS (different mesh number sandpaper as template) samples without flame ablation treatment and the F-PDMS (different mesh number sandpaper as template) samples after flame ablation treatment were respectively detected for water contact angle and sliding angle, and the test results are shown in Figure 3 .

[0127] As can be seen from Figure 3The test results show that the water contact angle on the surface of the N-PDMS sample (with different grit sandpaper as templates) that has not undergone flame ablation treatment is about 120°. Compared with the surface of the smooth PDMS film sample ∝, the improvement in water contact angle is almost negligible, and neither of them exhibits superhydrophobic properties. Conversely, the water contact angles of the F-PDMS samples (using different grit sandpaper as templates) after a brief flame ablation treatment (20 seconds) were significantly improved. Except for the smooth PDMS film sample ∝ surface, the water contact angles of the F-PDMS samples prepared with different grit sandpaper templates (100#, 180#, 240#, 400#, and 800#) were all around 150°. In particular, the water contact angles of the F-PDMS samples prepared with 240#, 400#, and 800# sandpaper templates were close to 160°, and the sliding angle (WSA) was below 5°. This indicates that the surface of the composite material sample with micro-nano structure prepared by template-coordinated ablation method has significantly reduced water wetting performance and achieved excellent superhydrophobic properties.

[0128] II. Durability of PDMS-based superhydrophobic surfaces

[0129] The surfaces of F-PDMS (240#) and F-PDMS (400#) were compared after 20 tape peel tests. The water contact angles of the superhydrophobic surfaces of F-PDMS (240#) and F-PDMS (400#) decreased from 159° and 155° to 156° and 152°, respectively, after 20 cycles of tape peel testing. The decrease was relatively small, and the water contact angle remained above 150°, indicating superhydrophobic properties. To analyze the reasons, SEM images of the samples before and after the tape peel test were taken, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the size and distribution of micro-pits on the PDMS surface prepared using 240# and 400# sandpaper as templates may effectively protect the nanostructure during tape peeling. Although the nanostructure of the protruding parts between some micro-pits is destroyed, the dense distribution and appropriate size of the micro-pits preserve most of the nanostructure, thus exhibiting good superhydrophobic durability. This effectively solves the technical problem that the superhydrophobic surface of conventional micro / nano structures is easily damaged and not durable.

[0130] III. Morphology and Wetting Properties of Photothermal Superhydrophobic Surfaces

[0131] The wetting performance of the photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing material prepared in Example 1 was demonstrated, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the droplets exhibit a complete spherical shape on their surface; similarly, when water impacts the sample surface in a flowing state, the water column still maintains its column shape and bounces away. This phenomenon well illustrates the excellent superhydrophobic and water-repellent properties of the photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing composite material prepared by the template-coordinated ablation method in this invention.

[0132] Four, self-cleaning performance of the photo-thermal super-hydrophobic surface

[0133] The self-cleaning effects of sand, mud, putty powder and carbon powder on the samples prepared by the above-mentioned Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, respectively marked as F-0.8C@PDMS (240#) and 0.8C@PDMS (240#), were compared, and the comparison chart is shown in FIG. 6. It can be seen from the comparison chart that the sample F-0.8C@PDMS (240#) with super-hydrophobic performance has self-cleaning characteristics for common pollutants such as sand, mud, putty powder and carbon powder, and these pollutants are basically not adhered to the surface, so that the surface remains dry. However, the surface of the sample 0.8C@PDMS (240#) without ablation treatment has some sand, mud, putty powder and carbon powder adhered to the surface, which shows that the ablation treatment is crucial for improving the super-hydrophobicity and anti-pollution performance of the surface. Figure 6

[0134] Five, photo-thermal response of the photo-thermal super-hydrophobic surface

[0135] The preparation method of Example 1 was used, and different mass fractions of carbon black nanoparticles were added to prepare film samples with carbon black contents of 0wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.8wt% and 1wt%. The mass ratio of polydimethylsiloxane to carbon black nanoparticles in the above-mentioned percentage samples was 0, 1:0.002, 1:0.005, 1:0.008 and 1:0.01, respectively.

[0136] The temperature-time curve of the photo-thermal performance of the film surface prepared by the above-mentioned different carbon black nanoparticle contents is shown in FIG. Figure 7 (a); the photo-thermal surface of the film surface prepared by the above-mentioned different carbon black nanoparticle contents is shown in FIG. Current infrared heat flow map, As Figure 7 (b) shown.

[0137] When the light power density was 100 mW / cm 2 The corresponding temperature-time curve of each group of samples was recorded under simulated sunlight, as shown in FIG. Figure 7 (a). Among them, the surface of the PDMS-based film with 0wt% carbon black nanoparticles only increased to 59.1℃ within 180s under light irradiation by relying on the heat gain of sunlight. The surfaces of the PDMS-based films with added carbon black nanoparticles all obviously showed photo-thermal heating phenomenon, and the maximum temperature increased from 69℃ to 83℃ as the carbon black content increased from 0.2wt% to 0.8wt%. It can be seen that the surface of the photo-thermal super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing composite material prepared by the template-assisted ablation method has good photo-thermal conversion performance, which guarantees the subsequent photo-thermal anti-icing and deicing work.

[0138] ​Six, the light-thermal anti-fogging performance of the light-thermal super-hydrophobic surface

[0139] The light-thermal super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing composite material surface prepared based on the template cooperation ablation method has good water repellency and greatly reduces the possibility of icing. However, in a low-temperature and high-humidity environment for a long time, water vapor condenses on the super-hydrophobic surface to form ice crystals, which cover the surface microstructure, causing the surface to become irregular and uneven, and thus destroying the original super-hydrophobic characteristics. In addition, the formation of ice crystals also increases the surface energy of the surface, making the surface have enhanced attraction to water, further reducing the water repellency. In a low-temperature and high-humidity environment, the light-thermal effect combined with super-hydrophobicity has significant advantages and feasibility in preventing or removing frost. The sample F-0.8C@PDMS(240#) marked above and the control sample F-PDMS(240#) without adding light-thermal carbon black were placed on a semiconductor refrigeration sheet at -15°C, the environmental humidity was 80%, and under the same light power density irradiation, the change of the surface temperature of the two groups with time was recorded as Figure 8 (a). The frost formation and light-thermal de-frosting process of the surfaces of the two samples are shown in Figure 8 (b). The experimental results show that the control sample F-PDMS(240#) without adding light-thermal nano-carbon black, under light power density irradiation, even if the surface temperature is increased, but within the detection time range, the surface temperature is always below 0°C, so the frost on the surface is not completely removed; on the contrary, the sample F-0.8C@PDMS(240#) has excellent light-thermal efficiency, and can rapidly heat up under light irradiation. This rapid heat generation can rapidly melt the frost on the surface, so that the frost is rapidly thawed. This self-prevention and de-frosting performance enables the super-hydrophobic surface to be free of additional energy consumption during the de-frosting process, saving energy and cost. At the same time, heat is continuously generated under light, so that the thawing state can be continuously maintained. This makes it have a more lasting effect in continuous de-frosting applications, without the need for frequent intervention or additional energy.

[0140] Seven, the anti-icing performance of the light-thermal super-hydrophobic surface

[0141] ① Low-temperature water droplet impact experiment

[0142] The light-thermal super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing composite material prepared by the template cooperation ablation method in Example 1 (labeled as F-0.8C@PDMS(240#)) was subjected to a low-temperature water droplet impact experiment. As Figure 9As shown, the bouncing of the recorded droplets on the surface of F-0.8C@PDMS (240#) at temperatures of 25°C, -5°C and -10°C, respectively. The results show that the droplet bounce height is 1.5 mm, 1.2 mm and 1 mm, respectively, and the droplet can still maintain good bouncing ability at a temperature of -10°C, indicating that the F-0.8C@PDMS (240#) surface can still maintain good water repellency in a low-temperature and high-humidity environment (humidity of 80%) within -10°C, and in a low-temperature environment of -10°C, the droplet is basically not adhered to the surface, thus greatly reducing the risk of icing. The surface properties of the light-thermal super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing composite material prepared by the template-assisted ablation method are suitable for ordinary low-temperature environments.

[0143] ②Ice delay test

[0144] The above-mentioned marked samples PDMS (240#), 0.8C@PDMS (240#), F-PDMS (240#), F-0.8C@PDMS (240#) were respectively subjected to ice delay test.

[0145] A water droplet with a volume of 5 μL was placed on each sample test surface, and the semiconductor refrigerator was started to cool. During the cooling process, when the surface temperature reached 0°C, a high-speed CCD camera was used to record the ice formation process (ice formation delay time). The cooling continued until the surface temperature stabilized at -20±0.5°C, and a sharp top appeared on the top of the droplet, indicating that the ice formation process had ended, and the corresponding time was recorded. The ice formation time of four different surfaces of PDMS (240#), 0.8C@PDMS (240#), F-PDMS (240#) and F-0.8C@PDMS (240#) was respectively tested and recorded (as shown in Figure 10 (b)). Figure 10

[0146] Figure 10 ​​It can be seen that the sharp tip is observed on the sample PDMS (240#) surface 83s, the icing time of the sample 0.8C@PDMS (240#) with added carbon black nanoparticles is 75s, and the icing time is shortened to a certain extent; on the contrary, the icing time of the samples F-PDMS (240#) and F-0.8C@PDMS (240#) with superhydrophobic properties is extended to 195s and 200s respectively, which is nearly 2.5 times that of the sample PDMS (240#) surface without superhydrophobic properties, and the test results are consistent with the above-mentioned superhydrophobic properties, that is, the surface with good superhydrophobic properties prepared by the present application has a significant delay in icing performance, which directly indicates that the icing time is closely related to the superhydrophobic properties. The main reason for the superhydrophobic anti-icing is the micro-nano structure and low surface energy characteristics of the surface. On the one hand, the micro-nano structure makes the liquid droplet unable to fully spread on the surface, reduces the contact area with the solid surface, and thus reduces the possibility of icing. On the other hand, the low surface energy makes the interaction between the liquid droplet and the surface small, and it is difficult to form a sufficient condensation nucleus, thereby delaying the occurrence of icing.

[0147] Eight, photothermal deicing performance of the photothermal superhydrophobic surface

[0148] The photothermal anti-icing / frosting performance of the photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing deicing composite material surface prepared by the present application is good. Since the micro-nano structure of most superhydrophobic surfaces in the prior art cannot withstand the structural damage caused by mechanical deicing, it is meaningful to use sustainable energy solar energy for photothermal deicing, which is efficient and environmentally friendly. In the present application, similar to the above-mentioned icing delay experiment, after the liquid droplet on the surface is completely iced, the surface temperature continues to be-20℃, and the surface is irradiated by a xenon lamp with a power of 100mW / cm 2 (one solar intensity). The melting of ice and the melting time during the photothermal process are photographed and recorded, and the results are shown in Figure 11 . Among them, the photothermal deicing process diagram is shown in Figure 11 (a); and the complete melting time of the surface ice droplet is shown in Figure 11 (b).

[0149] As shown in Figure 11It can be seen that the sample F-PDMS (240#) with super-hydrophobic surface has good ice delay time, but lacks light-heat conversion capability, and only the tip of the ice droplet slightly melts in 150 s of irradiation time; compared with the sample PDMS (240#) which lacks super-hydrophobic performance and light-heat conversion capability, the ice droplet not only does not slightly melt, but also is covered with a large amount of frost on the surface. For the samples F-0.8C@PDMS and 0.8C@PDMS with light-heat conversion capability, the ice droplet melting time is shortened, and the melting of the ice droplet is completed in 135 s and 143 s of irradiation time, respectively, which shows that the sample F-0.8C@PDMS (240#) prepared by the application not only has good performance in super-hydrophobic anti-icing, light-heat anti- / de-frosting, but also has outstanding performance in light-heat de-icing.

[0150] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not used to limit the present application, and any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing composite material based on template synergistic ablation, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a film-forming slurry: adding a high molecular polymer and a photo-thermal nanoparticle into an organic solvent, and mixing uniformly to obtain the film-forming slurry; the photo-thermal nanoparticle is one of carbon black nanoparticles, ferroferric oxide nanoparticles or titanium dioxide nanoparticles; S2, pouring a mold: pouring the film-forming slurry prepared in step S1 on the surface of a sandpaper as a mold; S3, curing and forming and demolding: curing and forming the film-forming slurry poured on the surface of the sandpaper in step S2 by heating, and then removing the sandpaper mold to obtain a film with a micro-pit structure on the surface; S4, flame ablation treatment: ablation treatment is performed on the surface of the film obtained in step S3 by using a flame, thereby obtaining the photo-thermal super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing composite material based on the mold-assisted ablation method; In step S1, the mass ratio of the high molecular polymer, the organic solvent and the photo-thermal nanoparticle is 1: (1.5-3): (0.002-0.01); the particle size of the photo-thermal nanoparticle is 20-40 nm; In step S4, the temperature of the flame is 500-700℃, and the ablation treatment time is 5-25 s.

2. The method for preparing a light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing composite material based on template synergistic ablation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the high molecular polymer is polydimethylsiloxane; and / or The organic solvent is one of n-hexane, ethyl acetate or tetrahydrofuran.

3. The method for preparing a light-heat super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing composite material based on template synergistic ablation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The uniform mixing is performed by using a high-speed homogenizing defoaming machine.

4. The method for preparing a light-induced superhydrophobic anti-icing and deicing composite material based on template synergistic ablation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the film-forming slurry after uniform mixing is further placed in a vacuum tank for vacuum defoaming.

5. The method for preparing a light-induced superhydrophobic anti-icing and deicing composite material based on template synergistic ablation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the mesh number of the sandpaper is 100-800.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: In step S2, the sandpaper is fixed in a container, and the film-forming slurry prepared in step S1 is poured on the surface of the sandpaper.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: In step S3, the heating and curing temperature is 60-80℃, and the heating and curing time is 2-4 h.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: In step S4, the flame is a butane combustion flame.

9. A photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing de-icing composite material based on template synergistic ablation method, characterized in that, The film surface is prepared by using the method for preparing the photo-thermal super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing composite material based on the mold-assisted ablation method according to any one of claims 1-8.

10. A photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing de-icing surface characterized in that, ​

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