A Passenger Boarding Simulation Method Considering Individual Behavior and Characteristics

Abstract

This invention relates to a passenger boarding simulation method that considers individual behavior and characteristics, belonging to the field of aviation passenger boarding simulation technology. To accurately simulate passenger behavior patterns under different boarding strategies, this invention includes defining individual passenger behaviors during the boarding process. Based on the condition that each passenger places their luggage on the side closest to their seat, it establishes the passenger boarding order, seat position, and the position of different individual behaviors during the boarding process, setting the passenger's desired speed direction. It also establishes a passenger boarding simulation model based on an improved social force model; constructs passenger boarding behavior rule judgment rules; uses the passenger boarding simulation model based on the improved social force model to simulate the passenger boarding process; and uses the passenger boarding behavior rule judgment method to determine whether the passenger has performed behaviors such as placing luggage, waiting for a seat, and entering their seat. Data statistics are performed on the simulated passenger entering their seat process. This invention provides accurate predictions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aviation passenger boarding simulation technology, specifically relating to a passenger boarding simulation method that takes into account individual behavior and characteristics. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the global aviation industry, improving aircraft operational efficiency has become a key concern for major airlines. The aircraft boarding process is a crucial aspect of airline operations, impacting ground turnaround time. Ground turnaround time includes the time spent from landing to takeoff, encompassing unloading, cleaning, refueling, and boarding. Boarding time is one of the more challenging aspects to optimize; therefore, efficiently organizing the boarding process to reduce total boarding time has become a focal point for airlines. Utilizing computer simulation technology for boarding simulation can effectively evaluate the efficiency of different boarding strategies, providing a reliable reference for optimizing boarding time.

[0003] In recent years, traffic simulation technology has made significant progress in optimizing passenger flow and improving the overall efficiency of transportation systems. Pedestrian simulation evacuation technology, as a representative example, has been widely applied in the design of emergency evacuation plans for densely populated places such as subway stations, stadiums, and shopping malls. However, despite the excellent performance of pedestrian simulation technology in evacuation scenarios, there is still a lack of simulation technologies on the market for optimizing boarding strategies. Existing boarding strategies all have certain shortcomings. For example, the back-row-first boarding strategy allows passengers in the back rows to board first, and then proceed in order. This strategy often causes passengers in the front rows to wait in the aisle, obstructing the passage of passengers in the back rows. The random boarding strategy allows passengers to board freely without regard to seating order. While this strategy is simple, it may lead to passengers frequently searching for seats in the aisle, causing congestion. During boarding, passenger flow and behavior patterns differ significantly from those in general pedestrian evacuation, and existing pedestrian simulation models struggle to accurately simulate the behavioral characteristics of passengers during the boarding process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The problem this invention aims to solve is to accurately simulate passenger behavior patterns under different boarding strategies, and proposes a passenger boarding simulation method that considers individual behavior and characteristics.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A passenger boarding simulation method that considers individual behavior and characteristics includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Define individual passenger behaviors during boarding. Based on the condition that each passenger places their luggage on the side closest to their seat, establish the passenger boarding order, seat position, and the position of different individual behaviors during the passenger boarding process, and set the passenger's expected speed and direction.

[0008] S2. Establish a passenger boarding simulation model based on the improved social force model;

[0009] S3. Based on the location of different individual behaviors during the passenger boarding process as defined in step S1, construct passenger boarding behavior rule judgment rules, including passenger stopping behavior rules, passenger queuing behavior rules, and passenger side-stepping behavior rules;

[0010] S4. Using the passenger boarding simulation model based on the improved social force model obtained in step S2, simulate the passenger boarding process. Based on the passenger boarding behavior rule judgment method obtained in step S3, determine whether the passenger has performed the behaviors of placing luggage, waiting for a seat, and entering the seat. Perform data statistics on the simulated passenger entering the seat process.

[0011] Furthermore, the specific implementation method of step S1 includes the following steps:

[0012] S1.1. Define individual passenger behaviors during boarding as including stopping behavior, queuing behavior, and side-stepping behavior;

[0013] S1.2. Set the boarding order and seat position of passengers based on one of the following six boarding strategies: random boarding strategy, row strategy, window to aisle strategy, back to front strategy, inverted pyramid strategy, and Stephen's method.

[0014] S1.3. Set the location of different individual behaviors during the passenger boarding process;

[0015] Establish a Cartesian coordinate system with the X-axis along the aisle and the Y-axis along the row of seats; set the initial position of the i-th passenger in the boarding queue as P. i 0 The location where passenger i enters the cabin aisle The position where passenger i turned sideways before placing their luggage Luggage storage location for passenger i Passenger i's seat location

[0016] S1.4. Set the passenger's desired speed direction as

[0017] Furthermore, the specific implementation method of step S2 includes the following steps:

[0018] S2.1. Construct an elliptical passenger model, specifically as follows:

[0019]

[0020] Where, r i aFor the semi-major axis of the passenger i's elliptical body, r i b For the minor semi-axis of the elliptical body of passenger i; The actual elliptical body orientation of passenger i at time t is the direction pointed to by the minor axis of its elliptical body. Let θ be the desired elliptical body orientation of passenger i at time t. i (t) represents the current direction of motion of passenger i. i (t) and its current orientation of the elliptical body The angle ω is used to represent the current degree of sideways movement of passenger i. i Let be the lateral speed of passenger i, representing the angle adjusted per second when the passenger's body is turned to the side;

[0021] S2.2. Construct an improved social force model, specifically as follows:

[0022]

[0023] Among them, f will For the power of will, f ij For the force between passengers, f iw For the force between the passenger and the moving boundary, m i For the quality of passenger i, Let i be the acceleration of passenger i;

[0024] S2.2.1. Improvements to willpower are made as follows:

[0025]

[0026] in, The reduction factor, μ, represents the expected speed reduction after the passenger moves to the side, μ∈[0,1], where μ is the maximum expected speed reduction for the passenger, and θi(t) is the current direction of motion of passenger i. i (t) and its current orientation of the elliptical body The angle between the two sides is used to indicate the current degree of the passenger's sideways movement, v. i 0 (t) represents the desired speed of passenger i. Let v be the direction of passenger i's desired velocity. i (t) represents the direction of motion of passenger i, and τi represents the adjustment reaction time;

[0027] S2.2.2. Improvements are made to the forces acting between passengers, as follows:

[0028] f ij ={A i exp[(r ij -d ij ) / B i]+kg(r ij -dij)}n ij +kg(r ij -d ij )Δv ji t ij

[0029] d ij =||O i O j ||-(r i -r j )

[0030]

[0031] Among them, A i and B i Indicates the first positional parameter, the second positional parameter, and r. ij Let d represent the sum of the elliptical body radii of passengers i and j. ij n represents the distance between the elliptical bodies of passengers i and j. ij Let Δv be the unit vector pointing from passenger j to passenger i. ij Let t represent the relative velocity of passenger i and passenger j in the tangential direction. ij Indicates the tangent direction for passenger i and passenger j. Let k represent the angle between the minor axis of passenger i's elliptical body and the line connecting the centers of the elliptical bodies of passengers i and j, and let g represent the compression coefficient, g represent the piecewise function, and r represent the compression coefficient. i b r represents the radius of the minor semi-axis of the elliptical body of passenger i. i a r represents the radius of the semi-major axis of the elliptical body of passenger i. j b Let r represent the radius of the minor semi-axis of the elliptical body of passenger j. j a O represents the radius of the semi-major axis of the elliptical body of passenger j. i O is the center of the elliptical body of passenger i. j Represents the center of the elliptical body of passenger j;

[0032] S2.2.3. Improvements are made to the forces acting between the passenger and the motion boundary, as follows:

[0033] f iw ={A i exp[(r i -d iw ) / B i ]+kg(r i -d iw )}n iw +kg(ri -d iw (v) i ·t iw )t ij

[0034] d iw =||O i w||-r i

[0035]

[0036] Where, d iw Let n represent the length of the perpendicular line drawn from the elliptical body of passenger i to the obstacle. iw The unit vector pointing from the obstacle to passenger i, w represents the motion boundary.

[0037] Furthermore, the specific implementation method of step S3 includes the following steps:

[0038] S3.1. Construct passenger stopping behavior rules: When a passenger is following the passenger in front of them to board, if the distance between them and the passenger in front is less than a set threshold, then the passenger stops moving, which is the passenger's desired speed. Set to 0;

[0039] S3.2. Construct passenger queuing behavior rules:

[0040] Set the unit direction vector at time t, where passenger i's position points in the boarding direction to the position of the passenger closest to passenger i. The simulation is empty at time t0, and then updated based on each simulation step size to determine whether to follow the passenger in front.

[0041] Set conditions to satisfy any of the following passenger queuing behaviors:

[0042] Condition 1: If the passenger is in the boarding process before placing their luggage and their luggage is placed in the same location as the nearest passenger in front of them;

[0043] Condition 2: If the passenger is in the boarding process before putting down their luggage, and the nearest passenger in front of them is also in the boarding process before putting down their luggage;

[0044] Passengers will then queue up and move in the desired direction at their desired speed. Set as The direction indicated;

[0045] S3.3. Construct rules for passenger side-stepping behavior, including active side-stepping behavior and passive side-stepping behavior;

[0046] S3.3.1. Set conditions that satisfy all of the following passive side-stepping behaviors of passengers:

[0047] Condition 1: If passenger i has not reached the position D where active side-stepping is required. i2 ;

[0048] Condition 2: If there is space for side passage, that is, the sum of the minor axes of passenger i and the nearest passenger j is less than the aisle width L. aisle ;

[0049] Condition 3: If passenger i and the nearest passenger j do not place their luggage in the same location;

[0050] Condition 4: If the nearest passenger j is currently placing luggage, waiting to take a seat, or taking their seat;

[0051] Then passenger i chooses to cross sideways to overtake the nearest passenger j;

[0052] S3.3.2. The condition for setting the passenger's active side-turning behavior is: if passenger i has already reached the position D where active side-turning is required. i2 Then the passenger will actively move to the side to place their luggage.

[0053] Furthermore, the passenger side-facing direction selection design in step S3.3 is as follows:

[0054] If a passenger performs a passive side-turning action, there are two options for the passenger's desired body orientation when turning to the side: one is to turn to the left in the direction of travel, and the other is to turn to the right in the direction of travel. The desired body orientation is set to the direction that the passenger's current actual body orientation is closer to. If the two are the same, a desired face orientation is randomly selected.

[0055] If a passenger intentionally turns to the side, the direction they turn to face is the side where they placed their luggage.

[0056] Furthermore, the specific implementation method of step S4 includes the following steps:

[0057] S4.1. Determine the boarding order and seat position of passengers according to different boarding strategies, and set the passengers' expected speed and direction in stages based on the passengers' initial position, aircraft internal facility information, and seat position, and calculate the walking path.

[0058] S4.2. Simulation begins. Based on the improved social force model, the passenger boarding simulation model considers queuing behavior, stopping behavior, and side-stepping behavior to simulate the passenger boarding process before placing their luggage.

[0059] S4.3. Determine whether luggage needs to be placed. If no, proceed to the next step. If yes, consider the time required to place luggage, simulate the process of a passenger placing luggage, and then consider the changes in body posture to simulate the process from placing luggage to waiting to enter the seat.

[0060] S4.5. Determine whether it is necessary to wait for someone to give up their seat. If the determination is no, proceed to the next step; if the determination is yes, consider the number of people who need to give up their seats and simulate the waiting process.

[0061] S4.6. Simulate the process of passengers entering their seats and perform data statistics.

[0062] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0063] This invention presents a passenger boarding simulation method that considers individual behavior and characteristics. Building upon the original social force model, it introduces an elliptical passenger model. Based on actual boarding scenarios, it analyzes passenger behavior and establishes corresponding behavioral rules, making the model more closely resemble the human movement characteristics during actual boarding, thus enhancing its accuracy and practicality in simulation. By simulating and analyzing different boarding strategies, this invention can optimize passenger boarding order, reduce congestion and waiting time during boarding, thereby improving overall boarding efficiency. Furthermore, this invention can provide decision support for airlines and airport managers, helping them select the most suitable boarding strategy, optimize resource allocation, and improve operational efficiency. Finally, the model and strategies of this invention are not limited to specific aircraft types and have a certain degree of versatility, adapting to the boarding needs of different aircraft types and scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0064] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a passenger boarding simulation method that considers individual behavior and characteristics, as described in this invention.

[0065] Figure 2 This is the boarding simulation flowchart described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0066] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the invention and are not intended to limit the invention; that is, the described specific embodiments are merely a part of the embodiments of the invention, and not all of them. The components of the specific embodiments of the invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations, and the invention may also have other embodiments.

[0067] Therefore, the following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected specific embodiments of the invention. All other specific embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on these specific embodiments without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0068] To further understand the invention's content, features, and effects, the following specific embodiments are provided, along with accompanying drawings. Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 2 The detailed instructions are as follows:

[0069] A passenger boarding simulation method that considers individual behavior and characteristics includes the following steps:

[0070] S1. Define individual passenger behaviors during boarding. Based on the condition that each passenger places their luggage on the side closest to their seat, establish the passenger boarding order, seat position, and the position of different individual behaviors during the passenger boarding process, and set the passenger's expected speed and direction.

[0071] Furthermore, the specific implementation method of step S1 includes the following steps:

[0072] S1.1. Define individual passenger behaviors during boarding as including stopping behavior, queuing behavior, and side-stepping behavior;

[0073] S1.2. Set the boarding order and seat position of passengers based on one of the following six boarding strategies: random boarding strategy, row strategy, window to aisle strategy, back to front strategy, inverted pyramid strategy, and Stephen's method.

[0074] S1.3. Set the location of different individual behaviors during the passenger boarding process;

[0075] Establish a Cartesian coordinate system with the X-axis along the aisle and the Y-axis along the row of seats; set the initial position of the i-th passenger in the boarding queue as P. i 0 The location where passenger i enters the cabin aisle The position where passenger i turned sideways before placing their luggage Luggage storage location for passenger i Passenger i's seat location

[0076] S1.4. Set the passenger's desired speed direction as

[0077] Furthermore, stopping behavior refers to the behavior of passengers who stop moving in the following four situations: when placing luggage, when waiting for the passenger in front to place luggage, when waiting in the aisle for the passenger in front to continue moving, and when waiting for the passenger in the same row to make room to enter the seat.

[0078] Furthermore, queuing behavior refers to the behavior of passengers behind following the movement of passengers in front. Before the passengers in front turn to their seats or put down their luggage, passengers behind generally do not overtake the passengers in front, but maintain a relative distance from the passengers in front and keep the same direction of movement, that is, along the aisle.

[0079] Furthermore, the side-stepping behavior refers to the behavior of a passenger who, when encountering a passenger who is standing in front of them, is placing their luggage or waiting to get to their seat, can choose to step sideways while standing in front of them. This involves using the walking space left by the passenger in front, adjusting their body posture to step sideways and pass by, meaning that their direction of movement is not the same as the direction their chest and torso are facing, and then continuing to move towards their own seat.

[0080] S2. Establish a passenger boarding simulation model based on the improved social force model;

[0081] Furthermore, the specific implementation method of step S2 includes the following steps:

[0082] S2.1. Construct an elliptical passenger model, specifically as follows:

[0083]

[0084] Where, r i a For the semi-major axis of the passenger i's elliptical body, r i b For the minor semi-axis of the elliptical body of passenger i; The actual elliptical body orientation of passenger i at time t is the direction pointed to by the minor axis of its elliptical body. Let θ be the desired elliptical body orientation of passenger i at time t. i (t) represents the current direction of motion of passenger i. i (t) and its current orientation of the elliptical body The angle ω is used to represent the current degree of sideways movement of passenger i. i Let be the lateral speed of passenger i, representing the angle adjusted per second when the passenger's body is turned to the side;

[0085] S2.2. Construct an improved social force model, specifically as follows:

[0086]

[0087] Among them, f will For the power of will, f ij For the force between passengers, f iw For the force between the passenger and the moving boundary, m i For the quality of passenger i, Let i be the acceleration of passenger i;

[0088] S2.2.1. Improvements to willpower are made as follows:

[0089]

[0090] in, The reduction factor, μ, represents the expected speed reduction after the passenger moves to the side, μ∈[0,1], where μ is the maximum expected speed reduction for the passenger, and θi(t) is the current direction of motion of passenger i. i (t) and its current orientation of the elliptical body The angle between the two sides is used to indicate the current degree of the passenger's sideways movement, v. i 0 (t) represents the desired speed of passenger i. Let v be the direction of passenger i's desired velocity. i (t) represents the direction of motion of passenger i, and τi represents the adjustment reaction time;

[0091] S2.2.2. Improvements are made to the forces acting between passengers, as follows:

[0092] f ij ={A i exp[(r ij -d ij ) / B i ]+kg(r ij -d ij )}n ij +kg(r ij -d ij )Δv ji t ij

[0093] d ij =||O i O j ||-(r i -r j )

[0094]

[0095] Among them, A i and B i Indicates the first positional parameter and the second positional parameter, ri j Let d represent the sum of the elliptical body radii of passengers i and j. ij n represents the distance between the elliptical bodies of passengers i and j. ij Let Δv be the unit vector pointing from passenger j to passenger i. ij Let t represent the relative velocity of passenger i and passenger j in the tangential direction. ij Indicates the tangent direction for passenger i and passenger j. Let k represent the angle between the minor axis of passenger i's elliptical body and the line connecting the centers of the elliptical bodies of passengers i and j, and let g represent the compression coefficient, g represent the piecewise function, and r represent the compression coefficient. i b r represents the radius of the minor semi-axis of the elliptical body of passenger i. i a r represents the radius of the semi-major axis of the elliptical body of passenger i. j b Let r represent the radius of the minor semi-axis of the elliptical body of passenger j. j a O represents the radius of the semi-major axis of the elliptical body of passenger j. i O is the center of the elliptical body of passenger i. j Represents the center of the elliptical body of passenger j;

[0096] Furthermore, when r ij -d ij When r > 0, g is a linear function of the distance between passenger i and passenger j. ij -d ij When ≤0, the value of g is 0;

[0097] S2.2.3. Improvements are made to the forces acting between the passenger and the motion boundary, as follows:

[0098] f iw ={A i exp[(r i -d iw ) / B i ]+kg(r i -d iw )}n iw +kg(r i -d iw (v) i ·t iw )t ij

[0099] d iw =||O i w||-r i

[0100]

[0101] Where, d iw Let n represent the length of the perpendicular line drawn from the elliptical body of passenger i to the obstacle. iw The unit vector pointing from the obstacle to passenger i, w represents the motion boundary.

[0102] Furthermore, after entering the cabin, passengers often spontaneously form a queue and move forward in turn. Before the passenger in front turns to their seat or places their luggage, passengers behind generally do not overtake them, but maintain a certain relative distance and the same direction of movement. After entering the cabin, passengers often stop in the following four situations: when placing luggage, while waiting for the passenger in front to place their luggage, while waiting in the aisle for the passenger in front to continue moving, and while waiting for passengers in the same row to make room to enter their seats. The duration, location, and orientation of the passenger's stop vary in these different situations, as shown in Table 1.

[0103] Table 1:

[0104]

[0105]

[0106] S3. Based on the location of different individual behaviors during the passenger boarding process as defined in step S1, construct passenger boarding behavior rule judgment rules, including passenger stopping behavior rules, passenger queuing behavior rules, and passenger side-stepping behavior rules;

[0107] Furthermore, the specific implementation method of step S3 includes the following steps:

[0108] S3.1. Construct passenger stopping behavior rules: When a passenger is following the passenger in front of them to board, if the distance between them and the passenger in front is less than a set threshold, then the passenger stops moving, which is the passenger's desired speed. Set to 0;

[0109] S3.2. Construct passenger queuing behavior rules:

[0110] Set the unit direction vector at time t, where passenger i's position points in the boarding direction to the position of the passenger closest to passenger i. The simulation is empty at time t0, and then updated based on each simulation step size to determine whether to follow the passenger in front.

[0111] Set conditions to satisfy any of the following passenger queuing behaviors:

[0112] Condition 1: If the passenger is in the boarding process before placing their luggage and their luggage is placed in the same location as the nearest passenger in front of them;

[0113] Condition 2: If the passenger is in the boarding process before putting down their luggage, and the nearest passenger in front of them is also in the boarding process before putting down their luggage;

[0114] Passengers will then queue up and move in the desired direction at their desired speed. Set as The direction indicated;

[0115] S3.3. Construct rules for passenger side-stepping behavior, including active side-stepping behavior and passive side-stepping behavior;

[0116] S3.3.1. Set conditions that satisfy all of the following passive side-stepping behaviors of passengers:

[0117] Condition 1: If passenger i has not reached the position D where active side-stepping is required. i2 ;

[0118] Condition 2: If there is space for side passage, that is, the sum of the minor axes of passenger i and the nearest passenger j is less than the aisle width L. aisle ;

[0119] Condition 3: If passenger i and the nearest passenger j do not place their luggage in the same location;

[0120] Condition 4: If the nearest passenger j is currently placing luggage, waiting to take a seat, or taking their seat;

[0121] Then passenger i chooses to cross sideways to overtake the nearest passenger j;

[0122] S3.3.2. The condition for setting the passenger's active side-turning behavior is: if passenger i has already reached the position D where active side-turning is required. i2 Then the passenger will actively move to the side to place their luggage.

[0123] Furthermore, the passenger side-facing direction selection design in step S3.3 is as follows:

[0124] If a passenger performs a passive side-turning action, there are two options for the passenger's desired body orientation when turning to the side: one is to turn to the left in the direction of travel, and the other is to turn to the right in the direction of travel. The desired body orientation is set to the direction that the passenger's current actual body orientation is closer to. If the two are the same, a desired face orientation is randomly selected.

[0125] If a passenger intentionally turns to the side, the direction they turn to face is the side where they placed their luggage.

[0126] S4. Using the passenger boarding simulation model based on the improved social force model obtained in step S2, simulate the passenger boarding process. Based on the passenger boarding behavior rule judgment method obtained in step S3, determine whether the passenger has performed the behaviors of placing luggage, waiting for a seat, and entering the seat. Perform data statistics on the simulated passenger entering the seat process.

[0127] Furthermore, the specific implementation method of step S4 includes the following steps:

[0128] S4.1. Determine the boarding order and seat position of passengers according to different boarding strategies, and set the passengers' expected speed and direction in stages based on the passengers' initial position, aircraft internal facility information, and seat position, and calculate the walking path.

[0129] S4.2. Simulation begins. Based on the improved social force model, the passenger boarding simulation model considers queuing behavior, stopping behavior, and side-stepping behavior to simulate the passenger boarding process before placing their luggage.

[0130] S4.3. Determine whether luggage needs to be placed. If no, proceed to the next step. If yes, consider the time required to place luggage, simulate the process of a passenger placing luggage, and then consider the changes in body posture to simulate the process from placing luggage to waiting to enter the seat.

[0131] Furthermore, if luggage needs to be placed, the passenger's dwell time during the luggage placement process will be calculated. The calculation formula is:

[0132]

[0133] Where a0 is the basic time required to store luggage; a1 is the correction factor; a2 is the capacity of the luggage rack; N e N represents the number of luggage items already stored on the overhead rack. i Let a0, a1, and a2 be the luggage carried by passenger i; their values ​​can be determined by calculation.

[0134] The number of bags carried by passengers is assumed to be the proportion of the total number of bags carried by all passengers:

[0135] P(N i =0)=20%,P(N i =1)=60%,P(N i =2) = 20%;

[0136] Where P represents the proportion of luggage carried by all passengers, and N i This indicates the number of pieces of luggage carried by passenger i;

[0137] Furthermore, considering the process of changes in the passenger's body tilt angle, the process from when the passenger places their luggage to when they are waiting to sit down is simulated to obtain the passenger's body tilt time. for:

[0138]

[0139] Where, θ i (t) represents the difference in angle between the passenger's orientation towards the overhead luggage rack when placing luggage and the angle of their side when entering the seat, v i (t) represents the angular velocity of the passenger turning.

[0140] S4.5. Determine whether it is necessary to wait for someone to give up their seat. If the determination is no, proceed to the next step; if the determination is yes, consider the number of people who need to give up their seats and simulate the waiting process.

[0141] Furthermore, the judgment condition is that the passenger arrives at the luggage storage location. and the location of its seat Are there other passengers already seated? If a wait is required to give up a seat, calculate the waiting time based on the number of already seated passengers. for:

[0142]

[0143] Where n represents the number of passengers who have taken their seats, s1 represents the time it takes for one seated passenger to get up and offer their seat, and s2 represents the time it takes for two seated passengers to get up and offer their seats.

[0144] S4.6. Simulate the process of passengers entering their seats and perform data statistics.

[0145] Furthermore, the location where passengers place their luggage and the location of its seat The distance between them was then analyzed, and the time it took for passengers to move from their luggage area to their seats was calculated.

[0146]

[0147] in, This represents the reduction factor, reflecting the impact of passenger sidestepping on their expected speed. Here, we take the reduction factor value when the degree of sidestepping is maximized in the social force model. D represents the passenger's desired speed. i34 Indicates the location where passengers place their luggage. and the location of its seat The distance between them.

[0148] It should be noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0149] Although this application has been described above with reference to specific embodiments, various modifications can be made and components can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of this application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the features in the specific embodiments disclosed in this application can be combined with each other in any way. The lack of an exhaustive description of these combinations in this specification is merely for the sake of brevity and resource conservation. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A passenger boarding simulation method considering individual behavior and characteristics, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Define individual passenger behaviors during boarding. Based on the condition that each passenger places their luggage on the side closest to their seat, establish the passenger boarding order, seat position, and the position of different individual behaviors during the passenger boarding process, and set the passenger's expected speed and direction. S2. Establish a passenger boarding simulation model based on the improved social force model; The specific implementation method of step S2 includes the following steps: S2.

1. Construct an elliptical passenger model, specifically as follows: Where, r i a For the semi-major axis of the passenger i's elliptical body, r i b For the minor semi-axis of the elliptical body of passenger i; The actual elliptical body orientation of passenger i at time t is the direction pointed to by the minor axis of its elliptical body. Let θ be the desired elliptical body orientation of passenger i at time t. i (t) represents the current direction of motion of passenger i. i (t) and its current orientation of the elliptical body The angle ω is used to represent the current degree of sideways movement of passenger i. i Let be the lateral speed of passenger i, representing the angle adjusted per second when the passenger's body is turned to the side; S2.

2. Construct an improved social force model, specifically as follows: Among them, f will For the power of will, f ij For the force between passengers, f iw For the force between the passenger and the moving boundary, m i For the quality of passenger i, Let i be the acceleration of passenger i; S2.2.

1. Improvements to willpower are made as follows: in, θ is a reduction factor used to represent the expected speed reduction after the passenger turns to the side, μ∈[0,1], where μ is the maximum expected speed reduction for the passenger, and θ i (t) represents the current direction of motion of passenger i. i (t) and its current orientation of the elliptical body The angle between the two sides is used to indicate the current degree of the passenger's sideways movement, v. i 0 (t) represents the desired speed of passenger i. Let v be the direction of passenger i's desired velocity. i (t) represents the direction of motion of passenger i, τ i To adjust the reaction time; S2.2.

2. Improvements are made to the forces acting between passengers, as follows: Among them, A i and B i Indicates the first positional parameter, the second positional parameter, and r. ij Let d represent the sum of the elliptical body radii of passengers i and j. ij n represents the distance between the elliptical bodies of passengers i and j. ij Let Δv be the unit vector pointing from passenger j to passenger i. ij Let t represent the relative velocity of passenger i and passenger j in the tangential direction. ij Indicates the tangent direction for passenger i and passenger j. Let k represent the angle between the minor axis of passenger i's elliptical body and the line connecting the centers of the elliptical bodies of passengers i and j, and let g represent the compression coefficient, g represent the piecewise function, and r represent the compression coefficient. i b r represents the radius of the minor semi-axis of the elliptical body of passenger i. i a r represents the radius of the semi-major axis of the elliptical body of passenger i. j b Let r represent the radius of the minor semi-axis of the elliptical body of passenger j. j a O represents the radius of the semi-major axis of the elliptical body of passenger j. i O is the center of the elliptical body of passenger i. j Represents the center of the elliptical body of passenger j; S2.2.

3. Improvements are made to the forces acting between the passenger and the motion boundary, as follows: f iw ={A i exp[(r i -d iw ) / B i ]+kg(r i -d iw )}n iw +kg(r i -d iw )(v i ·t iw )t ij d iw =||O i w||-r i Where, d iw Let n represent the length of the perpendicular line drawn from the elliptical body of passenger i to the obstacle. iw The unit vector pointing from the obstacle to passenger i, where w represents the motion boundary; S3. Based on the location of different individual behaviors during the passenger boarding process as defined in step S1, construct passenger boarding behavior rule judgment rules, including passenger stopping behavior rules, passenger queuing behavior rules, and passenger side-stepping behavior rules; S4. Using the passenger boarding simulation model based on the improved social force model obtained in step S2, the passenger boarding process is simulated. Based on the passenger boarding behavior rule judgment method obtained in step S3, it is determined whether the passenger has performed the behaviors of placing luggage, waiting for a seat, and entering the seat. Data statistics are performed on the simulated passenger entering the seat process. The specific implementation method of step S4 includes the following steps: S4.

1. Determine the boarding order and seat position of passengers according to different boarding strategies, and set the passengers' expected speed and direction in stages based on the passengers' initial position, aircraft internal facility information, and seat position, and calculate the walking path. S4.

2. Simulation begins. Based on the improved social force model, the passenger boarding simulation model considers queuing behavior, stopping behavior, and side-stepping behavior to simulate the passenger boarding process before placing their luggage. S4.

3. Determine whether luggage needs to be placed. If no, proceed to the next step. If yes, consider the time required to place luggage, simulate the process of a passenger placing luggage, and then consider the changes in body posture to simulate the process from placing luggage to waiting to enter the seat. If luggage needs to be placed, the passenger's dwell time during the luggage placement process will be calculated. The calculation formula is: Where a0 is the basic time required to store luggage; a1 is the correction factor; a2 is the capacity of the luggage rack; N e N represents the number of luggage items already stored on the overhead rack. i Let a0, a1, and a2 be the luggage carried by passenger i; their values ​​can be determined by calculation. The number of bags carried by passengers is assumed to be the proportion of the total number of bags carried by all passengers: P(N i =0)=20%,P(N i =1)=60%,P(N i =2)=20%; Where P represents the proportion of luggage carried by all passengers, and N i This indicates the number of pieces of luggage carried by passenger i; Considering the process of changes in the passenger's body tilt angle, the simulation of the time between the passenger placing their luggage and waiting to sit down is used to obtain the passenger's body tilt time. for: Where, θ i (t) represents the difference in angle between the passenger's orientation towards the overhead luggage rack when placing luggage and the angle of their side when entering the seat, v i (t) represents the angular velocity of the passenger during the turn; S4.

4. Determine whether it is necessary to wait for someone to give up their seat. If the determination is no, proceed to the next step; if the determination is yes, consider the number of people who need to give up their seats and simulate the waiting process. The judgment condition is that the passenger arrives at the luggage storage location. and the location of its seat Are there other passengers already seated? If a wait is required to give up a seat, calculate the waiting time based on the number of already seated passengers. for: Where n represents the number of passengers who have taken their seats, s1 represents the time it takes for one seated passenger to get up and offer their seat, and s2 represents the time it takes for two seated passengers to get up and offer their seats. S4.

5. Simulate the process of passengers entering their seats and perform data statistics; Where passengers put their luggage and the location of its seat The distance between them was then analyzed, and the time it took for passengers to move from their luggage area to their seats was calculated. in, This represents the reduction factor, reflecting the impact of passenger sidestepping on their expected speed. Here, we take the reduction factor value when the degree of sidestepping is maximized in the social force model. D represents the passenger's desired speed. i34 Indicates the location where passengers place their luggage. and the location of its seat The distance between them.

2. The passenger boarding simulation method considering individual behavior and characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific implementation method of step S1 includes the following steps: S1.

1. Define individual passenger behaviors during boarding as including stopping behavior, queuing behavior, and side-stepping behavior; S1.

2. Set the boarding order and seat position of passengers based on one of the following six boarding strategies: random boarding strategy, row strategy, window to aisle strategy, back to front strategy, inverted pyramid strategy, and Stephen's method. S1.

3. Set the location of different individual behaviors during the passenger boarding process; Establish a Cartesian coordinate system with the X-axis along the aisle and the Y-axis along the row of seats; set the initial position of the i-th passenger in the boarding queue as P. i 0 The location where passenger i enters the cabin aisle The position where passenger i turned sideways before placing their luggage Luggage storage location for passenger i Passenger i's seat location S1.

4. Set the passenger's desired speed direction as 3. The passenger boarding simulation method considering individual behavior and characteristics according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific implementation method of step S3 includes the following steps: S3.

1. Construct passenger stopping behavior rules: When a passenger is following the passenger in front of them to board, if the distance between them and the passenger in front is less than a set threshold, then the passenger stops moving, which is the passenger's desired speed. Set to 0; S3.

2. Construct passenger queuing behavior rules: Set the unit direction vector at time t, where passenger i's position points in the boarding direction to the position of the passenger closest to passenger i. The simulation is empty at time t0, and then updated based on each simulation step size to determine whether to follow the passenger in front. Set conditions to satisfy any of the following passenger queuing behaviors: Condition 1: If the passenger is in the boarding process before placing their luggage and their luggage is placed in the same location as the nearest passenger in front of them; Condition 2: If the passenger is in the boarding process before putting down their luggage, and the nearest passenger in front of them is also in the boarding process before putting down their luggage; Passengers will then queue up and move in the desired direction at their desired speed. Set as The direction indicated; S3.

3. Construct rules for passenger side-stepping behavior, including active side-stepping behavior and passive side-stepping behavior; S3.3.

1. Set conditions that satisfy all of the following passive side-stepping behaviors of passengers: Condition 1: If passenger i has not reached the position D where active side-stepping is required. i2 ; Condition 2: If there is space for side passage, that is, the sum of the minor axes of passenger i and the nearest passenger j is less than the aisle width L. aisle ; Condition 3: If passenger i and the nearest passenger j do not place their luggage in the same location; Condition 4: If the nearest passenger j is currently placing luggage, waiting to take a seat, or taking their seat; Then passenger i chooses to cross sideways to overtake the nearest passenger j; S3.3.

2. The condition for setting the passenger's active side-turning behavior is: if passenger i has already reached the position D where active side-turning is required. i2 Then the passenger will actively move to the side to place their luggage.

4. The passenger boarding simulation method considering individual behavior and characteristics according to claim 3, characterized in that, The passenger side-facing direction selection design in step S3.3 is as follows: If a passenger performs a passive side-turning action, there are two options for the passenger's desired body orientation when turning to the side: one is to turn to the left in the direction of travel, and the other is to turn to the right in the direction of travel. The desired body orientation is set to the direction that the passenger's current actual body orientation is closer to. If the two are the same, a desired face orientation is randomly selected. If a passenger intentionally turns to the side, the direction they turn to face is the side where they placed their luggage.

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