SSB hopping for coverage extension

Abstract

Methods and apparatus for SSB hopping for coverage extension. The apparatus scans one or more frequency gratings for at least one SSB. The apparatus measures a correlation between at least a first SSB and a second SSB within the one or more frequency gratings. The apparatus establishes a connection with a network entity in response to at least a correlation between the first SSB and the second SSB exceeding a threshold. The apparatus may send an indication identifying a preferred SSB from the at least one SSB. The apparatus may receive an SSB frequency hopping mode indication, the SSB frequency hopping mode indication identifying an SSB frequency hopping mode. The apparatus may scan for an improved SSB on a selected SSB selected for connection with the network entity.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of Israeli patent application serial number 294583, filed on July 7, 2022, entitled “SSB HOPPING FOR COVERAGE EXTENSION,” which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems, and more particularly to configuration for SSB hopping for coverage extension. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcast. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at a city, country, region, or even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the continued mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with the Internet of Things (IoT)) and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC). Certain aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. Further improvements to 5G NR technology are needed. In addition, these improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and telecommunication standards that employ these technologies. Summary of the invention

[0006] A simplified summary of one or more aspects is presented below to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not an extensive review of all contemplated aspects. This summary is neither intended to identify key or important elements of all aspects, nor to describe the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description presented later.

[0007] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be an apparatus at a UE. The apparatus may be a processor and / or a modem at the UE or the UE itself. The apparatus scans one or more frequency gratings for at least one synchronization signal block (SSB). The apparatus measures the correlation between at least a first SSB and a second SSB within the one or more frequency gratings. The apparatus establishes a connection with a network entity in response to the correlation between at least the first SSB and the second SSB exceeding a threshold.

[0008] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a device at a network node. The apparatus may be a processor and / or a modem at a network node or the network node itself. The apparatus outputs one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) based on a frequency hopping pattern. The apparatus establishes a connection with at least one user equipment (UE) that has detected a first SSB based on the frequency hopping pattern.

[0009] To achieve the aforementioned and related purposes, one or more aspects include the features fully described below and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the accompanying drawings set forth in detail some exemplary features of one or more aspects. However, these features indicate only some of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects can be employed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0011] Figure 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0012] Figure 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of DL channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0014] Figure 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of UL channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and a user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0016] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of SSB.

[0017] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of SSB mapping.

[0018] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of SSB mapping with frequency hopping.

[0019] Figure 7 It is a call flow diagram of the signaling between the UE and the base station.

[0020] Figure 8 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0021] Fig. 9 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0022] Fig.10 are diagrams illustrating examples of hardware implementations for example apparatuses and / or network entities.

[0023] Fig.11 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0024] Fig.12 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0025] Fig.13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example network entity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In wireless communications, SSBs may include several synchronization signals (e.g., PSS, SSS, and PBCH). The number of SSBs sent on different half-slots may be limited to a predefined time window duration (e.g., a 5ms window) and may include SSB bursts. SSBs may be detected by PSS sequence detection, where the UE uses time domain correlation of the received signal with multiple PSS signal assumptions. In frequencies below THz, very high bandwidths may be approached, which may compromise the achievable flatness of RF components. In some instances, where SSBs are allocated on weak subcarriers, a peak-to-peak frequency domain response of up to 10 dB may significantly impact the UE's ability to connect to the cell.

[0027] Aspects presented herein provide configurations for SSB hopping for coverage extension.Aspects presented herein provide a new SSB frequency hopping pattern where high bandwidth creates large and constant frequency power variations that may affect SSB detection probability.

[0028] The specific embodiments described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings are descriptions of various configurations and do not represent the only configurations that can practice the concepts described herein. In order to provide a thorough understanding of various concepts, the specific embodiments include specific details. However, these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid blurring these concepts.

[0029] Several aspects of the telecommunication system are also presented with reference to various apparatuses and methods. These apparatuses and methods are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0030] As an example, an element or any part of an element or any combination of elements can be implemented as a "processing system" including one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on chip (SoCs), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gate logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform various functionalities described throughout the present disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system can execute software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other terms, software should be broadly interpreted as meaning instructions, instruction sets, codes, code segments, program codes, programs, subroutines, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, processes, functions, or any combination thereof.

[0031] Therefore, in one or more example aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases, the described functions may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, such computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

[0032] Although various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases are described in this application by the illustration of some examples, additional or different aspects, specific implementations and use cases may be generated in many different arrangements and scenarios. The various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases described herein can be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes and packaging arrangements. For example, various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases can be generated via integrated chip specific implementations and other devices based on non-module components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication equipment, computing equipment, industrial equipment, retail / purchase equipment, medical equipment, devices that enable artificial intelligence (AI), etc.). Although some examples may or may not be specifically for use cases or applications, the described examples may have wide applicability. Various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases can be in the range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level specific implementations, and further to the range of aggregated, distributed or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) equipment or systems in combination with one or more technologies herein. In some actual settings, the equipment combined with the various aspects and features described may also include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily include multiple components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.) The techniques described herein can be practiced in a wide variety of devices of various sizes, shapes, and configurations, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or disaggregated components, end-user devices, etc.

[0033] The deployment of a communication system (such as a 5G NR system) can be arranged with various components or constituent parts in a variety of ways. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element or a network equipment (such as a base station (BS) or one or more units (or one or more components) that perform base station functionality) can be implemented in an aggregated or decomposed architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a transmit receive point (TRP) or a cell, etc.) can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as an independent BS or a monolithic BS) or a decomposed base station.

[0034] The aggregated base station can be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. The decomposed base station can be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed between two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CU), one or more distributed units (DU), or one or more radio units (RU). In some aspects, the CU can be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs can be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, can be geographically or virtually distributed in one or more other RAN nodes. The DU can be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU can be implemented as a virtual unit, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0035] Base station operation or network design may take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station may be used in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (network configuration such as that initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Decomposition may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing functionality of at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Various units of a disaggregated base station or disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0036] Figure 1 1 is a diagram 100 illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network. The illustrated wireless communication system includes a disaggregated base station architecture. The disaggregated base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110, which may communicate directly with a core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 105, or both). The CU 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via corresponding midhaul links (such as an F1 interface). The DU 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via corresponding fronthaul links. The RU 140 may communicate with corresponding UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 140.

[0037] Each of the units (i.e., CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125, non-RT RIC 115, and SMO framework 105) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interfaces of these units may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmission medium. For example, these units may include a wired interface configured to receive signals on a wired transmission medium or to transmit signals to one or more of the other units. In addition, these units may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) configured to receive signals on a wireless transmission medium or to transmit signals to one or more of the other units, or both.

[0038] In some aspects, CU 110 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by CU 110. CU110 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, CU 110 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, CU 110 may be implemented to communicate with DU 130 for network control and signaling.

[0039] DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, DU 130 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) depending at least in part on a functional split such as those defined by 3GPP. In some aspects, DU 130 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 130 or with control functions hosted by CU 110.

[0040] The lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, the RU 140 controlled by the DU 130 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.), or both, based at least in part on functional splitting (such as lower layer functional splitting). In such an architecture, the RU 140 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RU 140 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the DU 130 and CU 110 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0041] The SMO framework 105 may be configured to support RAN deployment and configuration of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 105 may communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 111) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some specific implementations, the SMO framework 105 may communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 105 may also include a non-RT RIC 115 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 105 .

[0042] The non-RT RIC 115 may be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 125. The non-RT RIC 115 may be coupled to or in communication with the near-RT RIC 125 (such as via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface (such as via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, and O-eNBs with the near-RT RIC 125.

[0043] In some implementations, in order to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 125, the non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 125 and may be received from a non-network data source or from a network function at the SMO framework 105 or the non-RT RIC 115. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 115 or the near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to adjust RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 115 may monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 105 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or via the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0044] At least one of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 may be referred to as a base station 102. Therefore, the base station 102 may include one or more of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 (each component is indicated by a dotted line to indicate that each component may be included in the base station 102 or may not be included in the base station). The base station 102 provides an access point to the core network 120 for the UE 104. The base station 102 may include a macro cell (a high-power cellular base station) and / or a small cell (a low-power cellular base station). Small cells include femto cells, pico cells, and micro cells. A network including both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB), which may provide services to a restricted group referred to as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link between RU 140 and UE 104 may include an uplink (UL) (also referred to as a reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to RU 140 and / or a downlink (DL) (also referred to as a forward link) transmission from RU 140 to UE 104. The communication link may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming and / or transmission diversity. The communication link may be through one or more carriers. For each carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to YxMHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction, the base station 102 / UE 104 may use a spectrum of up to YMHz (e.g., 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz, 100MHz, 400MHz, etc.) bandwidth. The carriers may be adjacent to each other or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to DL compared to UL). The component carrier may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

[0045] Some UEs 104 may communicate with each other using a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more side link channels, such as a physical side link broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical side link discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical side link shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical side link control channel (PSCCH). The D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2D communication systems, such as, for example, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0046] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi AP 150 that communicates with a UE 104 (also referred to as a Wi-Fi station (STA)) via a communication link 154, e.g., in a 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum, etc. When communicating in an unlicensed spectrum, the UE 104 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) to determine whether a channel is available prior to communication.

[0047] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz–7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz–52.6 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as the “sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar naming issue sometimes occurs with respect to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, although distinct from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz–300 GHz) identified as the “millimeter wave” band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0048] Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating bands for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125GHz–24.25GHz). The bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and therefore the features of FR1 and / or FR2 can be effectively extended to mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operations to more than 52.6GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6GHz–71GHz), FR4 (71GHz–114.25GHz), and FR5 (114.25GHz–300GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0049] In view of the above, unless otherwise specified, if the term "below 6 GHz" or the like is used in this document, it can broadly refer to frequencies that can be less than 6 GHz, can be within FR1, or can include mid-band frequencies. In addition, unless otherwise specified, if the term "millimeter wave" or the like is used in this document, it can broadly refer to frequencies that can include mid-band frequencies, can be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or can be within the EHF band.

[0050] The base station 102 and the UE 104 may each include multiple antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming. The base station 102 may send a beamformed signal 182 to the UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. The UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 102 in one or more receive directions. The UE 104 may also send a beamformed signal 184 to the base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. The base station 102 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 104 in one or more receive directions. The base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the best receive direction and transmit direction for each of the base station 102 / UE 104. The transmit direction and receive direction of the base station 102 may be the same or may not be the same. The transmit direction and receive direction of the UE 104 may be the same or may not be the same.

[0051] The base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, a Node B, an eNB, an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a transmit receive point (TRP), a network node, a network entity, a network equipment, or some other suitable term. The base station 102 may be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, an aggregated (monolithic) base station with a baseband unit (BBU) (including a CU and a DU) and a RU, or as a decomposed base station including one or more of a CU, a DU, and / or a RU. A set of base stations that may include decomposed base stations and / or aggregated base stations may be referred to as a next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0052] The core network 120 may include an access and mobility management function (AMF) 161, a session management function (SMF) 162, a user plane function (UPF) 163, a unified data management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. AMF 161 is a control node that handles signaling between UE 104 and the core network 120. AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. UDM 164 supports the generation of authentication and key agreement (AKA) credentials, user identity handling, access authorization, and subscription management. One or more location servers 168 are illustrated as including a gateway mobile location center (GMLC) 165 and a location management function (LMF) 166. However, in general, the one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, LMF 166, position determination entity (PDE), serving mobile location center (SMLC), mobile positioning center (MPC), etc. The GMLC 165 and LMF 166 support UE location services. The GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE positioning information. The LMF 166 receives measurements and assistance information from the NG-RAN and UE 104 via the AMF 161 to calculate the location of the UE 104. The NG-RAN may utilize one or more positioning methods in order to determine the location of the UE 104. Positioning the UE 104 may involve signal measurements, position estimation, and optional speed calculations based on these measurements. Signal measurements may be performed by the UE 104 and / or the serving base station 102. The measured signal can be based on a satellite positioning system (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), a global positioning system (GPS), a non-terrestrial network (NTN), or other satellite positioning / positioning systems), LTE signals, wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, a terrestrial beacon system (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor, a motion sensor), an NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) method, an NR signal (e.g., multi-round trip time (multi-RTT), DL angle of departure (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL angle of arrival (UL-AoA) positioning) and / or one or more of other systems / signals / sensors.

[0053] Examples of UE 104 include cellular phones, smart phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablet devices, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electric meters, gas pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare equipment, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similarly functional devices. Some of the UEs 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, gas pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). UE 104 may also be referred to as stations, mobile stations, subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals, mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals, mobile phones, user agents, mobile clients, clients, or some other suitable terminology. In some scenarios, the term UE may also be applied to one or more supporting devices, such as in a device cluster arrangement. One or more of these devices may access the network collectively and / or individually.

[0054] Reference again Figure 1 In certain aspects, the UE 104 may include a scanning component 198 configured to scan one or more frequency rasters for at least one SSB; measure a correlation between at least a first SSB and a second SSB within the one or more frequency rasters; and establish a connection with a network entity in response to a correlation between at least the first SSB and the second SSB exceeding a threshold.

[0055] Reference again Figure 1 In certain aspects, the base station 102 may include a pattern component 199 configured to output one or more SSBs based on a frequency hopping pattern; and to establish a connection with at least one UE that has detected a first SSB based on the frequency hopping pattern.

[0056] Although the following description may focus on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar areas such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies.

[0057] Figure 2A FIG200 is a diagram illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2B is a diagram 230 illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C 250 is a diagram illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2DFIG280 is a diagram illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD) (wherein for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to either DL or UL), or may be time division duplex (TDD) (wherein for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to both DL and UL). Figure 2A , Figure 2C In the example provided, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (most of which are DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F can be used flexibly between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 1 (all of which are UL). Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown as having slot formats 1 and 28, respectively, any particular subframe may be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are DL and UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL and flexible symbols. The slot format is configured for the UE via a received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically configured via DL control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically configured via radio resource control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to the 5G NR frame structure as TDD.

[0058] FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D The frame structure is illustrated, and various aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to other wireless communication technologies that may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (10ms) may be divided into 10 subframes (1ms) of the same size. Each subframe may include one or more time slots. A subframe may also include a microslot, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each time slot may include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For a normal CP, each time slot may include 14 symbols, and for an extended CP, each time slot may include 12 symbols. The symbol on the DL may be a CP orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbol. The symbol on the UL may be a CP-OFDM symbol (for high throughput scenarios) or a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol (also known as a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbol) (for power-limited scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of time slots within a subframe is based on the CP and parameter set. The parameter set defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) and effectively defines the symbol length / duration, which is equal to 1 / SCS.

[0059]

[0060] For normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different parameter sets μ0 to 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For extended CP, parameter set 2 allows 4 slots per subframe. Thus, for normal CP and parameter set μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2 μ timeslots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing can be equal to 2 μ *15kHz, where μ is parameter set 0 to 4. Therefore, the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ=0 is 15kHz, and the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ=4 is 240kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D An example is provided for a normal CP with 14 symbols per slot and a parameter set μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is about 16.67 μs. Within a frame set, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) that are frequency-division multiplexed (see Figure 2B ). Each BWP can have a specific parameter set and CP (normal or extended).

[0061] A resource grid may be used to represent a frame structure. Each slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as a physical RB (PRB)) extending over 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into a plurality of resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0062] like Figure 2A As illustrated, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. The RS may include a demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include a beam measurement RS (BRS), a beam refinement RS (BRRS), and a phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0063] Figure 2BExamples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. A physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), each CCE including six RE groups (REGs), each RE group (REG) including 12 consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol of an RB. A PDCCH within a BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET). The UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in a PDCCH search space (e.g., a common search space, a UE-specific search space) during a PDCCH monitoring opportunity on a CORESET, wherein the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at higher and / or lower frequencies on the channel bandwidth. A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of a particular subframe of a frame. The PSS is used by UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identity. A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of a particular subframe of a frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and the radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine the physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying the master information block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also referred to as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the number of RBs in the system bandwidth and the system frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not sent via the PBCH (such as a system information block (SIB)), and paging messages.

[0064] like Figure 2C As illustrated, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may send a DM-RS for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and a DM-RS for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS may be sent in the first or first two symbols of the PUSCH. Depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is sent and depending on the specific PUCCH format used, the PUCCH DM-RS may be sent in different configurations. The UE may send a sounding reference signal (SRS). The SRS may be sent in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and the UE may send the SRS on one of the comb structures in the comb structure. The SRS may be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to achieve frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0065] Figure 2DExamples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH may be located at a position as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicators (CQI), precoding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs (NACKs)). The PUSCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0066] Figure 3 370 is a block diagram of a base station 310 in an access network communicating with a UE 350. In the DL, Internet Protocol (IP) packets may be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0067] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and receive (RX) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1 (which includes the physical (PHY) layer) may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) decoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 processes the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-order phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-order quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The decoded and modulated symbols can then be divided into parallel streams. Subsequently, each stream can be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time domain and / or frequency domain, and then combined using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially pre-coded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. Channel estimates may be derived based on reference signals and / or channel condition feedback sent by the UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx may modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0068] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives a signal through its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to a receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial stream destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they can be combined into a single OFDM symbol stream by the RX processor 356. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbol on each subcarrier and the reference signal are recovered and demodulated by determining the signal constellation point most likely to be sent by the base station 310. These soft decisions can be based on the channel estimate calculated by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally sent on the physical channel by the base station 310. The data and control signals are then provided to the controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0069] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0070] Similar to the functions described in conjunction with DL transmissions performed by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0071] The TX processor 368 may use channel estimates derived by the channel estimator 358 from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 to select appropriate coding and modulation schemes and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antennas 352 via separate transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0072] UL transmissions are processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver functionality at the UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives a signal through its corresponding antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the RX processor 370.

[0073] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program codes and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0074] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to combine Figure 1 The scanning component 198 performs various aspects.

[0075] At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 may be configured to combine Figure 1 The mode component 199 performs various aspects.

[0076] In wireless communications, an SSB may include several synchronization signals (e.g., PSS, SSS, and PBCH). The number of SSBs sent on different half-slots may be limited to a predefined time window duration (e.g., a 5 ms window) and may include an SSB burst. Each SSB of the SSB burst may be associated with or sent using a different transmit beam used by a base station to scan or cover the entire cell range in a manner similar to the beam scanning performed on the SSB. The SSB burst may be periodically sent with different periodicity options such as 5 milliseconds, 10 milliseconds, 20 milliseconds, 40 milliseconds, 80 milliseconds, or 160 milliseconds. The SSB may be sent using an OFDM waveform and may use several parameter sets depending on the cell frequency. Based on the parameter set used, different numbers of SSBs or beams may be included in a single SSB burst.

[0077] SSB can be used by UEs camped within the coverage of a cell for several purposes, for example, to discover cells and camp or connect to a cell, to maintain continuous time and frequency synchronization with the network, serving beam and automatic gain control tracking (e.g., in connected mode), or to maintain serving cell and neighbor cell measurements to support mobility and handover procedures between cells.

[0078] SSB can be detected by PSS sequence detection, where the UE uses the time domain correlation of the received signal with multiple PSS signal hypotheses covering a multi-dimensional search space, which includes time, a sequence corresponding to or related to the cell ID used, a frequency offset, a beam, and also an SSB frequency raster, or in some cases a parameter set hypothesis.

[0079] In frequencies below THz, very high bandwidths may be approached, which may compromise the achievable flatness of RF components. In some instances, where SSBs are allocated on weak subcarriers, up to 10 dB of peak-to-peak frequency domain response may significantly impact the ability of a UE to connect to a cell.

[0080] Various aspects presented herein provide configurations for SSB hopping for coverage extension. Various aspects presented herein provide new SSB frequency hopping patterns, such as but not limited to frequency bands below THz, where high bandwidths produce large and constant frequency power variations that may affect SSB detection probability. At least one advantage of the present disclosure is that the SSB frequency hopping pattern may increase SSB SINR, which may result in increased cell coverage and improved UE tracking loops, which may result in improved throughput.

[0081] Figure 4 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of an SSB. The SSB may include several synchronization signals, such as PSS 402, SSS 408, and PBCH 406. The SSB may also include one or more empty REs 404. The PBCH may include a PBCH DMR. The PSS and SSS may occupy one OFDM symbol on 127 REs. When sharing the same OFDM symbol with the SSS signal, the PBCH and its DMRS may occupy 3 OFDM symbols on 240 REs or 96 REs.

[0082] Figure 5 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of SSB mapping. The SSB may include a PSS 502, an empty RE 504, a PBCH 506, and an SSS 508. Diagram 500 is a conventional SSB mapping, in which the SSB has the same frequency allocation for each occurrence. In the case where a portion of the coverage UEs (e.g., cell edge UEs) may not be able to connect to the cell, the mapping of diagram 500 may not be valid for all UEs. The SSB may have a periodicity that repeats over a specific time period (e.g., every 20 milliseconds).

[0083] Figure 6 600 is a diagram illustrating an example of SSB mapping with frequency hopping. Figure 5 500, the SSB may include a PSS 602, an empty RE 604, a PBCH 606, and an SSS 608. However, diagram 600 includes an SSB mapping that changes the SSB frequency position based on a predetermined pattern. The SSB frequency hopping pattern may increase the probability that a coverage UE can lock on to an SSB with the best or optimal frequency position. The frequency hopping pattern may allow a coverage UE (e.g., a UE at the edge of a cell or a weak coverage location) to select an SSB with the best or optimal frequency position from one or more SSBs. In some instances, the frequency hopping pattern may be updated so that the base station may update the connected UE with the new pattern. The base station may configure the SSB position based on RF channel measurements.

[0084] In instances where the UE attempts to connect to a sub-THz cell, the UE may test correlations across multiple SSB beams to find the best or optimal beam. In instances with an SSB frequency hopping pattern, the UE may test multiple frequency locations so that the SSB may not be in a known frequency. In some instances, the UE may maintain dedicated low-power hardware to efficiently monitor the search space. The UE may include SSB detection hardware that may operate on a different and constant center frequency or may change the center frequency after multiple SSB periodicities if no SSB is detected.

[0085] When an SSB is detected, the UE will know the hopping pattern and can estimate which SSB mapping is optimal for connecting to the loop and tracking the loop. The tracking loop may work on one or more SSB mappings to increase the estimation reliability. When establishing a connection with a network entity, the UE may report a preferred SSB from within the hopping pattern to the network entity so that the network entity can trigger the PDSCH slot close to the preferred SSB, which may improve drift mitigation. The network entity may include an SSB hopping indicator as an added bit in the PBCH, which may be used to indicate that SSB hopping is active and / or the hopping pattern.

[0086] The frequency hopping pattern may include an increasing or decreasing pattern, or may include a frequency hopping pattern such that an SSB will hop after multiple SSBs are transmitted on the same frequency. In some instances, the frequency hopping may include a group of SSBs such that the group of SSBs hop together, or each SSB may hop in a different pattern. In some instances, in instances where the hopping configuration is known, non-coherent combining may be used on multiple hopping SSBs.

[0087] In some cases, such as in instances where the frequency hopping pattern is non-predefined, the network entity may send an SSB that includes the frequency hopping pattern. The UE may connect to the cell at one of the predefined SSB frequency locations. The diversity of the SSBs in the frequency domain may increase the probability that the UE can successfully complete the initial connection process (e.g., InitAck). When connecting to a cell, the network entity may inform the UE that SSB frequency hopping is utilized as well as the frequency hopping pattern. If the UE selects a non-optimal SSB to connect to the cell, the UE may search for an improved SSB or an SSB of higher quality than the non-optimal SSB used to connect to the cell in an effort to improve its synchronization loop.

[0088] Figure 7 700 is a call flow diagram of signaling between a UE 702 and a base station 704. The base station 704 may be configured to provide at least one cell. The UE 702 may be configured to communicate with the base station 704. For example, in Figure 1In the context of , base station 704 may correspond to base station 102 and. In addition, UE 702 may correspond to at least UE 104. In another example, in Figure 3 In the context of , base station 704 may correspond to base station 310 and UE 702 may correspond to UE 350.

[0089] At 706, the base station 704 may output one or more SSBs based on a frequency hopping pattern. The base station 704 may output the one or more SSBs to the UE 702. In some aspects, the one or more SSBs may include a first SSB and a second SSB. The first frequency of the first SSB may be different from at least a second frequency of the second SSB. The first SSB and the second SSB may be included in the same or different frequency raster. The one or more SSBs may include a frequency hopping indicator. The frequency hopping indicator may indicate a frequency hopping pattern. The frequency hopping pattern may be adjusted to include an increased or decreased frequency hopping pattern. The frequency hopping pattern may be adjusted based on time or frequency. In some aspects, the one or more SSBs may include a group of SSBs. The group of SSBs may be configured to jump together based on a frequency hopping pattern. In some aspects, each SSB within the group of SSBs may be configured to jump with a different frequency hopping pattern.

[0090] At 708, the UE 702 may scan one or more frequency rasters for at least one SSB. In certain aspects, the at least one SSB may include a frequency hopping indicator. The frequency hopping indicator may indicate an SSB frequency hopping pattern. The SSB frequency hopping pattern may be adjusted to include an increased or decreased frequency hopping pattern. The frequency hopping pattern may be adjusted in time or in frequency.

[0091] At 710, UE 702 may measure a correlation between at least a first SSB and a second SSB within the one or more frequency rasters. In some aspects, a first frequency of the first SSB may be different from a second frequency of the second SSB. In some aspects, the first SSB and the second SSB may be included in the same or different frequency rasters.

[0092] At 711, the base station may output a system information block type 1 (SIB1) to the UE. The UE may receive SIB1 from the base station. SIB1 may include a hopping indication indicating the number of hops within the SSB frequency hopping pattern of the SSB periodicity. The SIB1 payload may include an indication for notifying UEs that are not yet connected to the base station of the number of hops of the SSB periodicity on each frequency. Upon receiving the SIB1 including the hopping indication, the UE may determine the effective SSB periodicity on each raster based on the hopping indication. For example, the UE may divide the SSB periodicity within SIB1 by the number of hops to determine the effective SSB periodicity on each raster.

[0093] At 712, the UE and the base station may establish a connection with each other. In some aspects, the UE may establish a connection with the base station in response to a correlation between at least the first SSB and the second SSB exceeding a threshold. In some aspects, the base station may establish a connection with at least the UE based on the UE detecting the first SSB based on a frequency hopping pattern.

[0094] At 714, the UE 702 may send an indication identifying a preferred SSB from the at least one SSB. The UE 702 may send an indication identifying the preferred SSB to the base station 704. The base station 704 may receive an indication identifying the preferred SSB from the UE 702. In some aspects, the preferred SSB may have the highest quality from the at least one SSB. In some aspects, one or more physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) time slots may be allocated proximate to the preferred SSB. In some aspects, the preferred SSB may have the highest quality from the one or more SSBs for the UE.

[0095] At 716, the base station 704 may allocate one or more PDSCH time slots proximate to the preferred SSB. The base station may allocate the one or more PDSCH time slots proximate to the preferred SSB in response to receiving the indication identifying the preferred SSB.

[0096] At 718, the base station 704 may output a frequency hopping pattern indication. The base station may output the frequency hopping pattern indication to the UE 702. The UE 702 may receive the frequency hopping pattern indication from the base station 704. The base station may output the frequency hopping pattern indication in response to a connection being established with the UE 702. The frequency hopping pattern indication may identify the frequency hopping pattern.

[0097] At 720, the UE 702 may scan for an improved SSB. The UE may scan for an improved SSB from the base station 704. The UE may scan for an improved SSB on a selected SSB selected for connection with a network entity.

[0098] Figure 8 800 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a UE (eg, UE 104; device 1004). One or more of the illustrated operations may be omitted, swapped, or performed simultaneously. The method may allow the UE to scan at least one SSB based on an SSB frequency hopping pattern.

[0099] At 802, the UE may scan one or more frequency rasters. For example, 802 may be performed by the scanning component 198 of the device 1004. The UE may scan one or more frequency rasters for at least one SSB. In certain aspects, the at least one SSB may include a frequency hopping indicator. The frequency hopping indicator may indicate an SSB frequency hopping pattern. The SSB frequency hopping pattern may be adjusted to include an increased or decreased frequency hopping pattern. The frequency hopping pattern may be adjusted in time or in frequency.

[0100] At 804, the UE may measure a correlation between at least a first SSB and a second SSB within the one or more frequency rasters. For example, 804 may be performed by scanning component 198 of device 1004. In some aspects, a first frequency of the first SSB may be different from a second frequency of the second SSB. In some aspects, the first SSB and the second SSB may be included in the same or different frequency rasters.

[0101] At 806, the UE may establish a connection with the network entity. For example, 806 may be performed by the scanning component 198 of the device 1004. The UE may establish a connection with the network entity in response to a correlation between at least the first SSB and the second SSB exceeding a threshold.

[0102] Fig. 9 900 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a UE (eg, UE 104; device 1004). One or more of the illustrated operations may be omitted, swapped, or performed simultaneously. The method may allow the UE to scan at least one SSB based on an SSB frequency hopping pattern.

[0103] At 902, the UE may scan one or more frequency rasters. For example, 902 may be performed by the scanning component 198 of the device 1004. The UE may scan one or more frequency rasters for at least one SSB. In certain aspects, the at least one SSB may include a frequency hopping indicator. The frequency hopping indicator may indicate an SSB frequency hopping pattern. The SSB frequency hopping pattern may be adjusted to include an increased or decreased frequency hopping pattern. The frequency hopping pattern may be adjusted in time or in frequency.

[0104] At 904, the UE may measure a correlation between at least a first SSB and a second SSB within the one or more frequency rasters. For example, 904 may be performed by scanning component 198 of device 1004. In some aspects, a first frequency of the first SSB may be different from a second frequency of the second SSB. In some aspects, the first SSB and the second SSB may be included in the same or different frequency rasters.

[0105] At 905, the UE may receive SIB1. For example, 905 may be performed by the scanning component 198 of the device 1004. The UE may receive SIB1 from a network entity. SIB1 may include a hopping indication that indicates the number of hops within the SSB frequency hopping pattern of the SSB periodicity. The SIB1 payload may include an indication for notifying the UE, which may not yet be connected to the network entity, of the number of hops of the SSB periodicity on each frequency. Upon receiving the SIB1 including the hopping indication, the UE may determine the effective SSB periodicity on each raster based on the hopping indication. For example, the UE may divide the SSB periodicity within SIB1 by the number of hops to determine the effective SSB periodicity on each raster.

[0106] At 906, the UE may establish a connection with the network entity. For example, 906 may be performed by the scanning component 198 of the device 1004. The UE may establish a connection with the network entity in response to a correlation between at least the first SSB and the second SSB exceeding a threshold.

[0107] At 908, the UE may send an indication identifying a preferred SSB from the at least one SSB. For example, 908 may be performed by the scanning component 198 of the apparatus 1004. In some aspects, the preferred SSB may have the highest quality from the at least one SSB. In some aspects, one or more PDSCH time slots may be allocated close to the preferred SSB.

[0108] At 910, the UE may receive an SSB frequency hopping pattern indication. For example, 910 may be performed by the scanning component 198 of the device 1004. The UE may receive an SSB frequency hopping pattern indication from a network entity. The SSB frequency hopping pattern indication may identify an SSB frequency hopping pattern.

[0109] At 912, the UE may scan for an improved SSB. For example, 912 may be performed by the scanning component 198 of the device 1004. The UE may scan for an improved SSB on a selected SSB selected for connection with a network entity.

[0110] Fig.101000 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1004. The apparatus 1004 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, the apparatus 1004 may include a cellular baseband processor 1024 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1022 (e.g., a cellular RF transceiver). The cellular baseband processor 1024 may include on-chip memory 1024'. In some aspects, the apparatus 1004 may also include one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) cards 1020 and an application processor 1006 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1008 and a screen 1010. The application processor 1006 may include on-chip memory 1006'. In some aspects, the device 1004 may also include a Bluetooth module 1012, a WLAN module 1014, an SPS module 1016 (e.g., a GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 1018 (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor / altimeter; a motion sensor such as an inertial management unit (IMU), a gyroscope, and / or an accelerometer; light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio-aided detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), a magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies for positioning), an additional memory module 1026, a power source 1030, and / or a camera 1032. The Bluetooth module 1012, the WLAN module 1014, and the SPS module 1016 may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or in some cases, only a receiver (RX)). The Bluetooth module 1012, the WLAN module 1014, and the SPS module 1016 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or communicate using antennas 1080. The cellular baseband processor 1024 communicates with the UE 104 and / or with the RU associated with the network entity 1002 through the transceiver 1022 via one or more antennas 1080. The cellular baseband processor 1024 and the application processor 1006 can each include a computer-readable medium / memory 1024', 1006', respectively. The additional memory module 1026 can also be considered as a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory 1024', 1006', 1026 can be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 1024 and the application processor 1006 are each responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor 1024 / application processor 1006, enables the cellular baseband processor 1024 / application processor 1006 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory can also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 1024 / application processor 1006 when executing the software.The cellular baseband processor 1024 / application processor 1006 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include the memory 360 and / or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the device 1004 may be a processor chip (modem and / or application) and include only the cellular baseband processor 1024 and / or the application processor 1006, and in another configuration, the device 1004 may be the entire UE (e.g., see. Figure 3 350) and includes additional modules of device 1004.

[0111] As discussed above, component 198 is configured to scan one or more frequency gratings for at least one SSB; measure the correlation between at least a first SSB and a second SSB within the one or more frequency gratings; and establish a connection with a network entity in response to the correlation between at least the first SSB and the second SSB exceeding a threshold. Component 198 may be within the cellular baseband processor 1024, the application processor 1006, or both the cellular baseband processor 1024 and the application processor 1006. Component 198 may be one or more hardware components that are specifically configured to perform the stated process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination of the foregoing. As shown, the device 1004 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the device 1004, and in particular the cellular baseband processor 1024 and / or the application processor 1006, includes a component for scanning one or more frequency gratings for at least one SSB. The apparatus includes a component for measuring the correlation between at least a first SSB and a second SSB within the one or more frequency gratings. The apparatus includes a component for establishing a connection with a network entity in response to the correlation between at least a first SSB and a second SSB exceeding a threshold. The apparatus also includes a component for sending an indication identifying a preferred SSB from the at least one SSB. The apparatus also includes a component for receiving a SIB1 including a jump indication, the jump indication indicating the number of jumps within an SSB frequency hopping pattern of the SSB periodicity. The apparatus also includes a component for receiving an SSB frequency hopping pattern indication, the SSB frequency hopping pattern indication identifying the SSB frequency hopping pattern. The apparatus also includes a component for scanning an improved SSB on a selected SSB selected for connection with a network entity. The component may be a component 198 of the apparatus 1004 configured to perform the functions recorded by the component. As described above, the apparatus 1004 may include a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and a controller / processor 359. Thus, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

[0112] Fig.11 1100 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a base station (e.g., base station 102; network entity 1302). One or more of the illustrated operations may be omitted, swapped, or performed simultaneously. The method may allow a network entity to output one or more SSBs based on an SSB frequency hopping pattern.

[0113] At 1102, the network entity may output one or more SSBs based on a frequency hopping pattern. For example, 1102 may be performed by the pattern component 199 of the network entity 1302. In some aspects, the one or more SSBs may include a first SSB and a second SSB. The first frequency of the first SSB may be different from at least a second frequency of the second SSB. The first SSB and the second SSB may be included in the same or different frequency raster. The one or more SSBs may include a frequency hopping indicator. The frequency hopping indicator may indicate a frequency hopping pattern. The frequency hopping pattern may be adjusted to include an increased or decreased frequency hopping pattern. The frequency hopping pattern may be adjusted based on time or frequency. In some aspects, the one or more SSBs may include a group of SSBs. The group of SSBs may be configured to hop together based on a frequency hopping pattern. In some aspects, each SSB within the group of SSBs may be configured to hop in a different frequency hopping pattern.

[0114] At 1104, the network entity may establish a connection with at least one UE. For example, 1104 may be performed by the pattern component 199 of the network entity 1302. The network entity may establish a connection with at least one UE that has detected the first SSB based on the frequency hopping pattern.

[0115] Fig.12 1200 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a base station (e.g., base station 102; network entity 1302). One or more of the illustrated operations may be omitted, swapped, or performed simultaneously. The method may allow a network entity to output one or more SSBs based on an SSB frequency hopping pattern.

[0116] At 1202, the network entity may output one or more SSBs based on a frequency hopping pattern. For example, 1202 may be performed by the pattern component 199 of the network entity 1302. In some aspects, the one or more SSBs may include a first SSB and a second SSB. The first frequency of the first SSB may be different from at least a second frequency of the second SSB. The first SSB and the second SSB may be included in the same or different frequency raster. The one or more SSBs may include a frequency hopping indicator. The frequency hopping indicator may indicate a frequency hopping pattern. The frequency hopping pattern may be adjusted to include an increased or decreased frequency hopping pattern. The frequency hopping pattern may be adjusted based on time or frequency. In some aspects, the one or more SSBs may include a group of SSBs. The group of SSBs may be configured to hop together based on a frequency hopping pattern. In some aspects, each SSB within the group of SSBs may be configured to hop in a different frequency hopping pattern.

[0117] At 1203, the network entity may output SIB1. For example, 1203 may be performed by the pattern component 199 of the network entity 1302. The network entity may output SIB1 to the UE. SIB1 may include a hopping indication that indicates the number of hops within a frequency hopping pattern of the SSB periodicity. The SIB1 payload may include an indication for notifying UEs that are not yet connected to the network entity of the number of hops of the SSB periodicity on each frequency. Upon receiving the SIB1 including the hopping indication, the UE may determine the effective SSB periodicity on each raster based on the hopping indication. For example, the UE may divide the SSB periodicity within SIB1 by the number of hops to determine the effective SSB periodicity on each raster.

[0118] At 1204, the network entity may establish a connection with at least one UE. For example, 1204 may be performed by the pattern component 199 of the network entity 1302. The network entity may establish a connection with at least one UE that has detected the first SSB based on the frequency hopping pattern.

[0119] At 1206, the network entity may obtain an indication identifying a preferred SSB from the at least one or more SSBs. For example, 1206 may be performed by mode component 199 of network entity 1302. The network entity may obtain an indication identifying a preferred SSB from at least one UE. In some aspects, the preferred SSB may have the highest quality from the one or more SSBs for the UE.

[0120] At 1208, the network entity may allocate one or more PDSCH time slots proximate to the preferred SSB. For example, 1208 may be performed by mode component 199 of network entity 1302. The network entity may allocate one or more PDSCH time slots proximate to the preferred SSB in response to receiving an indication identifying the preferred SSB.

[0121] At 1210, the network entity may output a frequency hopping pattern indication. For example, 1210 may be performed by the pattern component 199 of the network entity 1302. The network entity may output the frequency hopping pattern indication to at least one UE. The network entity may output the frequency hopping pattern indication in response to a connection being established with the at least one UE. The frequency hopping pattern indication may identify the frequency hopping pattern.

[0122] Fig.131300 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a network entity 1302. The network entity 1302 may be a BS, a component of a BS, or may implement BS functionality. The network entity 1302 may include at least one of a CU 1310, a DU 1330, or a RU 1340. For example, depending on the layer functionality handled by the component 199, the network entity 1302 may include a CU 1310; both the CU 1310 and the DU 1330; each of the CU 1310, the DU 1330, and the RU 1340; the DU 1330; both the DU 1330 and the RU 1340; or the RU 1340. The CU 1310 may include a CU processor 1312. The CU processor 1312 may include an on-chip memory 1312'. In some aspects, the CU 1310 may also include an additional memory module 1314 and a communication interface 1318. CU 1310 communicates with DU 1330 via a midhaul link, such as an F1 interface. DU 1330 may include a DU processor 1332. DU processor 1332 may include on-chip memory 1332'. In some aspects, DU 1330 may also include an additional memory module 1334 and a communication interface 1338. DU 1330 communicates with RU 1340 via a fronthaul link. RU 1340 may include a RU processor 1342. RU processor 1342 may include on-chip memory 1342'. In some aspects, RU 1340 may also include an additional memory module 1344, one or more transceivers 1346, an antenna 1380, and a communication interface 1348. RU 1340 communicates with UE 104. On-chip memory 1312', 1332', 1342' and additional memory modules 1314, 1334, 1344 may each be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer readable medium / memory may be non-transitory. Each of processors 1312, 1332, 1342 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the corresponding processor, causes the processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the processor when executing the software.

[0123] As discussed above, component 199 is configured to output one or more SSBs based on a frequency hopping pattern; and to establish a connection with at least one UE that has detected a first SSB based on the frequency hopping pattern. Component 199 may be within one or more processors of one or more of CU 1310, DU 1330, and RU 1340. Component 199 may be one or more hardware components that are specifically configured to perform the stated process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination of the above. Network entity 1302 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, network entity 1302 includes a component for outputting one or more SSBs based on a frequency hopping pattern. The network entity includes a component for establishing a connection with at least one UE that has detected a first SSB based on the frequency hopping pattern. The network entity also includes a component for obtaining an indication identifying a preferred SSB from the one or more SSBs. The network entity also includes a component for allocating one or more PDSCH time slots close to the preferred SSB. The network entity also includes a component for outputting a SIB1 including a hopping indication, the hopping indication indicating the number of hops within the hopping pattern of the SSB periodicity. The network entity also includes a component for outputting a hopping pattern indication in response to a connection established with at least one UE, the hopping pattern indication identifying the hopping pattern. The component may be a component 199 of the network entity 1302 configured to perform the functions recorded by the component. As described above, the network entity 1302 may include a TX processor 316, an RX processor 370, and a controller / processor 375. Therefore, in one configuration, the component may be a TX processor 316, an RX processor 370, and / or a controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recorded by the component.

[0124] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the disclosed process / flowchart is only an illustration of the exemplary method. It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the process / flowchart can be rearranged based on design preferences. Further, some blocks can be combined or omitted. The attached method claims provide the elements of various blocks in a sample order, but are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy provided.

[0125] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not limited to the various aspects described herein, but should be given the full scope consistent with the language claims. Unless specifically stated, reference to an element in the singular form does not mean "one and only one", but "one or more". Terms such as "if", "when" and "while" do not mean a direct temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, such as "when ......", do not mean an immediate action in response to the occurrence of an action or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if the conditions are met, then the action will occur, but no specific or immediate time limit is required for the occurrence of the action. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "used as an example, instance or illustration". Any aspect described as "exemplary" herein is not necessarily interpreted as being preferred or having advantages over other aspects. Unless otherwise specified, the term "some" refers to one or more. Combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C", "one or more of A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B and C", "one or more of A, B, and C", and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiple A, multiple B, or multiple C. Specifically, combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C", "one or more of A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", "one or more of A, B, and C", and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" may be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combination may contain one or more members of A, B, or C. A set should be interpreted as a set of elements, where the number of elements is one or more. Thus, for a set of X, X will include one or more elements. If the first device receives data from the second device or sends data to the second device, data can be directly received / sent between the first device and the second device, or data can be indirectly received / sent between the first device and the second device through a collection of devices. All structural and functional equivalents that are known or will be known later to those of ordinary skill in the art throughout the various aspects of the elements described in this disclosure are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are covered by the claims. In addition, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recorded in the claims. Words such as "module", "mechanism", "element", "device" cannot replace the word "component". Therefore, no claim element will be understood as a functional component unless the element is explicitly recorded using the phrase "component for...".

[0126] As used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase "based on A" (where "A" can be information, a condition, a factor, etc.) should be interpreted as "based at least on A" unless specifically stated differently.

[0127] The following aspects are merely illustrative and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0128] Aspect 1 is a method for performing wireless communication at a UE, the method comprising scanning one or more frequency rasters for at least one SSB; measuring a correlation between at least a first SSB and a second SSB within the one or more frequency rasters; and establishing a connection with a network entity in response to the correlation between at least the first SSB and the second SSB exceeding a threshold.

[0129] Aspect 2 is a method according to aspect 1, the method further comprising: a first frequency of the first SSB is different from a second frequency of the second SSB.

[0130] Aspect 3 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 and 2, the method further comprising: the first SSB and the second SSB are included in the same or different frequency gratings.

[0131] Aspect 4 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, the method further comprising: sending an indication identifying a preferred SSB from the at least one SSB.

[0132] Aspect 5 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, the method further comprising: the preferred SSB has the highest quality from among the at least one SSB.

[0133] Aspect 6 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 5, the method further comprising: one or more PDSCH time slots are allocated close to the preferred SSB.

[0134] Aspect 7 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, the method further comprising: the at least one SSB includes a frequency hopping indicator, wherein the frequency hopping indicator indicates an SSB frequency hopping pattern, wherein the SSB frequency hopping pattern is adjusted to include an increased or decreased frequency hopping pattern.

[0135] Aspect 8 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 7, the method further comprising: receiving SIB1 including a hopping indication, the hopping indication indicating the number of hopping within an SSB frequency hopping pattern of the SSB periodicity.

[0136] Aspect 9 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, the method further comprising: receiving an SSB frequency hopping pattern indication, the SSB frequency hopping pattern identifying an SSB frequency hopping pattern; and scanning for an improved SSB on a selected SSB selected for the connection with the network entity.

[0137] Aspect 10 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising at least one processor coupled to a memory and at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to implement any one of aspects 1 to 9.

[0138] Aspect 11 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising means for implementing any one of aspects 1 to 9.

[0139] Aspect 12 is a computer-readable medium storing computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement any one of aspects 1 to 9.

[0140] Aspect 13 is a method for wireless communication at a network entity, the method comprising: outputting one or more SSBs based on a frequency hopping pattern; and establishing a connection with at least one UE that has detected a first SSB based on the frequency hopping pattern.

[0141] Aspect 14 is a method according to aspect 13, the method further comprising: a first frequency of the first SSB is different from at least a second frequency of the second SSB.

[0142] Aspect 15 is a method according to any one of aspects 13 and 14, the method further comprising: the first SSB and the second SSB are included in the same or different frequency gratings.

[0143] Aspect 16 is a method according to any one of aspects 13 to 15, the method further comprising: obtaining an indication identifying a preferred SSB from the one or more SSBs.

[0144] Aspect 17 is a method according to any one of aspects 13 to 16, the method further comprising: the preferred SSB has the highest quality for the UE from the one or more SSBs.

[0145] Aspect 18 is a method according to any one of aspects 13 to 17, the method further comprising: allocating one or more PDSCH time slots close to the preferred SSB.

[0146] Aspect 19 is a method according to any one of aspects 13 to 18, the method further comprising: the one or more SSBs include a frequency hopping indicator, wherein the frequency hopping indicator indicates the frequency hopping pattern, wherein the frequency hopping pattern is adjusted to include an increased or decreased frequency hopping pattern.

[0147] Aspect 20 is a method according to any one of aspects 13 to 19, the method further comprising: outputting SIB1 including a hopping indication, the hopping indication indicating the number of hopping within the frequency hopping pattern of the SSB periodicity.

[0148] Aspect 21 is a method according to any one of aspects 13 to 20, the method further comprising: the one or more SSBs comprising a group of SSBs.

[0149] Aspect 22 is a method according to any one of aspects 13 to 21, the method further comprising: the group of SSBs are configured to hop together based on the frequency hopping pattern.

[0150] Aspect 23 is a method according to any one of aspects 13 to 21, the method further comprising: each SSB within the group of SSBs is configured to hop in a different frequency hopping pattern.

[0151] Aspect 24 is a method according to any one of aspects 13 to 22, the method further comprising: outputting a frequency hopping pattern indication in response to the connection established with the at least one UE, the frequency hopping pattern indication identifying the frequency hopping pattern.

[0152] Aspect 25 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus comprising at least one processor coupled to a memory and at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to implement any one of aspects 13 to 24.

[0153] Aspect 26 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus comprising means for implementing any one of aspects 13 to 24.

[0154] Aspect 27 is a computer-readable medium storing computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement any one of aspects 13 to 24.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: Memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and based at least in part on the information stored in the memory, the at least one processor configured to: scanning one or more frequency rasters for at least one synchronization signal block (SSB); measuring a correlation between at least a first SSB and a second SSB within the one or more frequency rasters; as well as A connection with a network entity is established in response to the correlation between at least the first SSB and the second SSB exceeding a threshold. 2 . The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a first frequency of the first SSB is different from a second frequency of the second SSB.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the first SSB and the second SSB are included in the same or different frequency raster.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: An indication is sent identifying a preferred SSB from the at least one SSB.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the preferred SSB has the highest quality from among the at least one SSB.

7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein one or more physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) time slots are allocated close to the preferred SSB.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one SSB comprises a frequency hopping indicator, wherein the frequency hopping indicator indicates an SSB frequency hopping pattern, wherein the SSB frequency hopping pattern is adjusted to include an increased or decreased frequency hopping pattern.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: A system information block type 1 (SIB1) is received including a hopping indication indicating a number of hops within an SSB frequency hopping pattern of an SSB periodicity.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receiving an SSB frequency hopping mode indication, the SSB frequency hopping mode indication identifying an SSB frequency hopping mode; and An improved SSB is scanned on a selected SSB selected for the connection with the network entity.

11. A method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: scanning one or more frequency rasters for at least one synchronization signal block (SSB); measuring a correlation between at least a first SSB and a second SSB within the one or more frequency rasters; as well as A connection with a network entity is established in response to the correlation between at least the first SSB and the second SSB exceeding a threshold.

12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising: An indication is sent identifying a preferred SSB from the at least one SSB.

13. The method according to claim 11, further comprising: receiving an SSB frequency hopping mode indication, wherein the SSB frequency hopping mode indication identifies an SSB frequency hopping mode; as well as An improved SSB is scanned on a selected SSB selected for the connection with the network entity.

14. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus comprising: Memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and based at least in part on the information stored in the memory, the at least one processor configured to: outputting one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) based on a frequency hopping pattern; and A connection is established based on the frequency hopping pattern with at least one user equipment (UE) that has detected the first SSB.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor.

16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein a first frequency of the first SSB is different from at least a second frequency of the second SSB.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first SSB and the second SSB are included in the same or different frequency raster.

18. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: An indication identifying a preferred SSB from the one or more SSBs is obtained.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the preferred SSB has the highest quality for the UE from among the one or more SSBs.

20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: One or more physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) time slots are allocated close to the preferred SSB.

21. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more SSBs include a frequency hopping indicator, wherein the frequency hopping indicator indicates the frequency hopping pattern, wherein the frequency hopping pattern is adjusted to include an increased or decreased frequency hopping pattern.

22. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: A system information block type 1 (SIB1) is output including a hopping indication indicating the number of hops within the frequency hopping pattern of the SSB periodicity.

23. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more SSBs comprise a group of SSBs.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the group of SSBs are configured to hop together based on the frequency hopping pattern.

25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein each SSB within the set of SSBs is configured to hop in a different frequency hopping pattern.

26. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: A frequency hopping pattern indication is output in response to the connection established with the at least one UE, the frequency hopping pattern indication identifying the frequency hopping pattern.

27. A method for wireless communication at a network entity, the method comprising: outputting one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) based on a frequency hopping pattern; as well as A connection is established based on the frequency hopping pattern with at least one user equipment (UE) that has detected the first SSB.

28. The method according to claim 27, further comprising: An indication identifying a preferred SSB from the one or more SSBs is obtained.

29. The method according to claim 28, further comprising: One or more physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) time slots are allocated close to the preferred SSB.

30. The method of claim 27, further comprising: A frequency hopping pattern indication is output in response to the connection established with the at least one UE, the frequency hopping pattern indication identifying the frequency hopping pattern.

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