Apparatus, method, apparatus, and computer readable medium for hierarchical measurement mechanism

Abstract

Apparatuses, methods, apparatus, and computer-readable media for hierarchical measurement mechanisms are disclosed. An example first device in a radio access network may include at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory may include computer program code, and the at least one memory and the computer program code may be configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the first device to perform: receiving information indicative of one or more reference signal configurations and related events from a third device, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations are associated with a transmission of a reference signal from a second device to a first device in the radio access network; and detecting one or more events based at least on the one or more reference signal configurations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Various embodiments are directed to devices, methods, apparatus, and computer-readable media for a hierarchical measurement mechanism. Background Art

[0002] Radio frequency (RF) sensing can be model-based or artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML). In wireless communication systems, joint communication and sensing (JCAS) is RF sensing based on communication. In JCAS, several deterministic signals (such as sounding reference signal (SRS) for uplink, channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for downlink, demodulation reference signal (DMRS), synchronization signal (SS), physical broadcast channel (PBCH), etc.) can be used as sensing reference signal (SEN-RS). In the sensing frame, the frequency bandwidth and / or time domain transmission interval of SEN-RS will affect the sensing resolution, such as range resolution, Doppler shift resolution. In addition, the number of subcarriers and / or the period of the sensing frame will also affect the sensing ambiguity, such as range ambiguity, Doppler ambiguity. In order to improve the sensing performance, the number of available SEN-RS in the time domain and / or frequency domain can be increased, but at the cost of complexity and resource overhead. For example, if the sensing receiver (SR) measures SEN-RS at more times, it will result in additional measurement complexity and power consumption of SR. To handle advanced AI-driven sensing, SR needs to report sensing measurements to a remote or network sensing processing entity with powerful computing capabilities. The sensing measurement reporting overhead will increase with the increase in the number of available SEN-RS, which may reduce network communication efficiency and increase the power consumption of SR. In addition, communication and sensing in the JCAS system can share the same physical resources. Therefore, adding SEN-RS may reduce the available resources for communication (e.g., time / frequency resources, and / or spatial resources, such as beam resources), which will affect communication performance. Summary of the invention

[0003] The following provides a brief summary of exemplary embodiments to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of various embodiments. It should be noted that this summary is not intended to identify key features of basic elements or define the scope of the embodiments, and its sole purpose is to introduce some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description provided below.

[0004] In a first aspect, a first device in a radio access network is disclosed. The first device may include at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory may include computer program code, and the at least one memory and the computer program code may be configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the first device to perform: receiving information indicating one or more reference signal configurations and related events from a third device, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations may be associated with transmission of a reference signal from a second device in the radio access network to the first device; and detecting one or more events based at least on the one or more reference signal configurations.

[0005] In some example embodiments, the at least one memory and the computer program code may also be configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the first device to further perform: sending capabilities of the first device to a third device, wherein the capabilities may include at least one of: computing capabilities, machine learning capabilities, at least one executable sensing task, a device category, and a power state.

[0006] In some example embodiments, the one or more reference signal configurations may include a first reference signal configuration, and the at least one memory and the computer program code may also be configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the first device to further perform: performing measurements on a reference signal received from the second device using the first reference signal configuration, wherein one or more events may be detected based on the measurement results.

[0007] In some example embodiments, the at least one memory and the computer program code may also be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the first device to further perform: receiving a second reference signal configuration from a third device, the second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to the first device.

[0008] In some example embodiments, the one or more reference signal configurations may include a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to the first device.

[0009] In some example embodiments, the at least one memory and the computer program code may also be configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the first device to further perform: upon detecting one or more events, sending an indication indicating the one or more events to a second device or a third device; and performing measurements on a reference signal received from the second device using a second reference signal configuration.

[0010] In some example embodiments, the at least one memory and the computer program code may also be configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the first device to further perform: upon detecting one or more events, sending an indication indicating the one or more events to a third device; receiving a second reference signal configuration from the third device, the second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to the first device; and performing measurements on the reference signal received from the second device using the second reference signal configuration.

[0011] In some example embodiments, the at least one memory and the computer program code may be further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the first device to further perform: reporting to a third device a result of the measurement performed on the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration.

[0012] In some example embodiments, the at least one memory and the computer program code may also be configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the first device to further perform: upon detecting one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration, or upon receiving an indication from a third device to stop measuring the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration, stop measuring the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration, wherein the one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration may be detected based on at least one of the first reference signal configuration and the second reference signal configuration.

[0013] In some example embodiments, the at least one memory and the computer program code may be further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the first device to further perform: upon detecting one or more events, stopping measurement of the reference signal using the first reference signal configuration.

[0014] In some example embodiments, the at least one memory and the computer program code may also be configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the first device to further perform: upon detecting one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration, or upon receiving an indication from a third device to stop measuring the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration, resuming measurement of the reference signal using the first reference signal configuration.

[0015] In some example embodiments, the first device may include a sensing receiver, the second device may include a sensing transmitter, the third device may include a session management function, and the reference signal may be a sensing reference signal.

[0016] In a second aspect, a second device in a radio access network is disclosed. The second device may include at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory may include computer program code, and the at least one memory and the computer program code may be configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the second device to perform: obtaining information indicating one or more reference signal configurations and related events, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations may be associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to a first device in the radio access network, and the one or more reference signal configurations may include at least a first reference signal configuration; and sending a reference signal to the first device using the first reference signal configuration.

[0017] In some example embodiments, the at least one memory and the computer program code may also be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the second device to further perform: receiving a second reference signal configuration from a third device, the second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to the first device.

[0018] In some example embodiments, the at least one memory and the computer program code may also be configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the second device to further perform: receiving an indication indicating one or more events from the first device; and in response to receiving the indication, sending a reference signal to the first device using a second reference signal configuration.

[0019] In some example embodiments, the at least one memory and the computer program code may also be configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the second device to further perform: receiving a request from a third device to send a reference signal using a second reference signal configuration; and sending a reference signal to the first device using the second reference signal configuration.

[0020] In some example embodiments, the at least one memory and the computer program code may also be configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the second device to further perform: receiving a request for a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to the first device from a third device; sending the second reference signal configuration to the third device; and sending the reference signal to the first device using the second reference signal configuration.

[0021] In some example embodiments, the at least one memory and the computer program code may also be configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the second device to further perform: in response to receiving an indication from the first device indicating one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration, or receiving an indication from the third device to stop transmitting the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration, stop transmitting the reference signal to the first device using the second reference signal configuration.

[0022] In some example embodiments, the first device may include a sensing receiver, the second device may include a sensing transmitter, the third device may include a session management function, and the reference signal may be a sensing reference signal.

[0023] In a third aspect, a third device is disclosed. The third device may include at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory may include computer program code, and the at least one memory and the computer program code may be configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the third device to execute: sending information indicating one or more reference signal configurations and related events to a first device in a radio access network, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations may be associated with transmission of a reference signal from a second device in the radio access network to the first device.

[0024] In some example embodiments, the at least one memory and the computer program code may also be configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the third device to further perform: receiving capabilities of the first device from the first device, the capabilities comprising at least one of: computing capabilities, machine learning capabilities, at least one executable sensing task, a device category, and a power state, wherein the information may be determined based at least on the received capabilities.

[0025] In some example embodiments, the one or more reference signal configurations may include a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of a reference signal from a second device to the first device in the radio access network.

[0026] In some example embodiments, the at least one memory and the computer program code may also be configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the third device to further perform: sending a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to the first device to the first device and the second device, respectively.

[0027] In some example embodiments, the at least one memory and the computer program code may also be configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the third device to further perform: receiving an indication indicating one or more events from the first device; and in response to receiving the indication, sending a request to the second device to send a reference signal using a second reference signal configuration.

[0028] In some example embodiments, the at least one memory and the computer program code may also be configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the third device to further perform: receiving an indication indicating one or more events from the first device; in response to receiving the indication, sending a request to the second device for a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to the first device; receiving the second reference signal configuration from the second device; and sending the second reference signal configuration to the first device.

[0029] In some example embodiments, the at least one memory and the computer program code may also be configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the third device to further perform: receiving an indication indicating one or more events from the first device; and in response to receiving the indication, sending a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device to the first device and the second device, respectively.

[0030] In some example embodiments, the at least one memory and the computer program code may also be configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the third device to further execute: receiving results of measurements performed on a reference signal using the second reference signal configuration from the first device; sending an indication to the first device to stop measuring the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration when one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration are detected based at least on the results of the measurements; and sending an indication to the second device to stop transmitting the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration.

[0031] In some example embodiments, the first device may include a sensing receiver, the second device may include a sensing transmitter, the third device may include a session management function, and the reference signal may be a sensing reference signal.

[0032] In a fourth aspect, a method performed by a first device in a radio access network is disclosed. The method may include: receiving information indicating one or more reference signal configurations and related events from a third device, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations may be associated with transmission of a reference signal from a second device in the radio access network to the first device; and detecting one or more events based at least on the one or more reference signal configurations.

[0033] In some example embodiments, the method may further include sending capabilities of the first device to a third device, wherein the capabilities may include at least one of computing capabilities, machine learning capabilities, at least one executable sensing task, a device category, and a power state.

[0034] In some example embodiments, the one or more reference signal configurations may include a first reference signal configuration, and the method may further include performing measurements on a reference signal received from the second device using the first reference signal configuration, wherein the one or more events may be detected based on the measurement results.

[0035] In some example embodiments, the method may further include receiving, from a third device, a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device.

[0036] In some example embodiments, the one or more reference signal configurations may include a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to the first device.

[0037] In some example embodiments, the method may further include: upon detecting the one or more events, sending an indication to the second device or the third device indicating the one or more events; and performing measurement on a reference signal received from the second device using the second reference signal configuration.

[0038] In some example embodiments, the method may further include: upon detecting the one or more events, sending an indication to a third device indicating the one or more events; receiving a second reference signal configuration from the third device, the second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to the first device; and performing measurements on the reference signal received from the second device using the second reference signal configuration.

[0039] In some example embodiments, the method may further include reporting, to a third device, a result of the measurement performed on the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration.

[0040] In some example embodiments, the method may further include ceasing measurement of the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration upon detecting one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration, or upon receiving an indication from a third device to stop measurement of the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration, wherein the one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration may be detected based on at least one of the first reference signal configuration and the second reference signal configuration.

[0041] In some example embodiments, the method may further include, upon detecting one or more events, stopping measurement of the reference signal using the first reference signal configuration.

[0042] In some example embodiments, the method may further include resuming measurement of the reference signal using the first reference signal configuration upon detecting one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration or upon receiving an indication from a third device to stop measuring the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration.

[0043] In some example embodiments, the first device may include a sensing receiver, the second device may include a sensing transmitter, the third device may include a session management function, and the reference signal may be a sensing reference signal.

[0044] In a fifth aspect, a method performed by a second device in a radio access network is disclosed. The method may include: obtaining information indicating one or more reference signal configurations and related events, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations may be associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to a first device in the radio access network, and the one or more reference signal configurations may include at least a first reference signal configuration; and sending a reference signal to the first device using the first reference signal configuration.

[0045] In some example embodiments, the method may further include receiving, from a third device, a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device.

[0046] In some example embodiments, the method may further include: receiving an indication from the first device indicating the one or more events; and in response to receiving the indication, sending a reference signal to the first device using the second reference signal configuration.

[0047] In some example embodiments, the method may further include: receiving a request from a third device to send a reference signal using the second reference signal configuration; and sending the reference signal to the first device using the second reference signal configuration.

[0048] In some example embodiments, the method may further include: receiving a request for a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to the first device from a third device; sending the second reference signal configuration to the third device; and sending the reference signal to the first device using the second reference signal configuration.

[0049] In some example embodiments, the method may further include ceasing to transmit the reference signal to the first device using the second reference signal configuration in response to receiving an indication from the first device indicating one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration, or receiving an indication from the third device to cease transmitting the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration.

[0050] In some example embodiments, the first device may include a sensing receiver, the second device may include a sensing transmitter, the third device may include a session management function, and the reference signal may be a sensing reference signal.

[0051] In a sixth aspect, a method performed by a third device is disclosed. The method may include: sending information indicating one or more reference signal configurations and related events to a first device in a radio access network, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations may be associated with transmission of a reference signal from a second device in the radio access network to the first device.

[0052] In some example embodiments, the method may further include receiving capabilities of the first device from the first device, the capabilities comprising at least one of: computing capabilities, machine learning capabilities, at least one executable sensing task, a device category, and a power state, wherein the information may be determined based at least on the received capabilities.

[0053] In some example embodiments, the one or more reference signal configurations may include a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of a reference signal from a second device to the first device in the radio access network.

[0054] In some example embodiments, the method may further include sending, to the first device and the second device, respectively, a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device.

[0055] In some example embodiments, the method may further include: receiving an indication from the first device indicating one or more events; and in response to receiving the indication, sending a request to the second device to send a reference signal using the second reference signal configuration.

[0056] In some example embodiments, the method may further include: receiving an indication from the first device indicating one or more events; in response to receiving the indication, sending to the second device a request for a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to the first device; receiving the second reference signal configuration from the second device; and sending the second reference signal configuration to the first device.

[0057] In some example embodiments, the method may further include: receiving an indication from the first device indicating one or more events; and in response to receiving the indication, sending to the first device and the second device, respectively, a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device.

[0058] In some example embodiments, the method may further include: receiving from the first device results of measurements performed on a reference signal using a second reference signal configuration; upon detecting one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration based at least on the results of the measurements, sending to the first device an indication to stop measuring the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration; and sending to the second device an indication to stop transmitting the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration.

[0059] In some example embodiments, the first device may include a sensing receiver, the second device may include a sensing transmitter, the third device may include a session management function, and the reference signal may be a sensing reference signal.

[0060] In a seventh aspect, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus as a first device in a radio access network may include: a component for receiving information indicating one or more reference signal configurations and related events from a third device, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations may be associated with transmission of a reference signal from a second device in the radio access network to the first device; and a component for detecting one or more events based at least on the one or more reference signal configurations.

[0061] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further include: a component for sending capabilities of the first device to a third device, wherein the capabilities may include at least one of: computing capabilities, machine learning capabilities, at least one executable sensing task, a device category, and a power state.

[0062] In some example embodiments, the one or more reference signal configurations may include a first reference signal configuration, and the apparatus may further include means for performing measurements on a reference signal received from the second device using the first reference signal configuration, wherein one or more events may be detected based on the measurement results.

[0063] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further comprise means for receiving a second reference signal configuration from a third device, the second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device.

[0064] In some example embodiments, the one or more reference signal configurations may include a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to the first device.

[0065] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further include: means for sending an indication indicating the one or more events to a second device or a third device when the one or more events are detected; and means for performing measurements on a reference signal received from the second device using a second reference signal configuration.

[0066] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further include: a component for sending an indication indicating one or more events to a third device when one or more events are detected; a component for receiving a second reference signal configuration from the third device, the second reference signal configuration being associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to the first device; and a component for performing measurements on the reference signal received from the second device using the second reference signal configuration.

[0067] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for reporting to a third device a result of the measurement performed on the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration.

[0068] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further include: a component for stopping measuring the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration when one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration are detected or when an indication to stop measuring the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration is received from a third device, wherein the one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration may be detected based on at least one of the first reference signal configuration and the second reference signal configuration.

[0069] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further comprise means for stopping measurement of the reference signal using the first reference signal configuration upon detection of one or more events.

[0070] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for resuming measurement of the reference signal using the first reference signal configuration upon detecting one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration or upon receiving an indication from a third device to stop measuring the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration.

[0071] In some example embodiments, the first device may include a sensing receiver, the second device may include a sensing transmitter, the third device may include a session management function, and the reference signal may be a sensing reference signal.

[0072] In an eighth aspect, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus as a second device in a radio access network may include: a component for obtaining information indicating one or more reference signal configurations and related events, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations may be associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to a first device in the radio access network, and the one or more reference signal configurations may include at least a first reference signal configuration; and a component for sending a reference signal to the first device using the first reference signal configuration.

[0073] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further comprise means for receiving a second reference signal configuration from a third device, the second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device.

[0074] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further include: means for receiving an indication from the first device indicating one or more events; and means for transmitting a reference signal to the first device using the second reference signal configuration in response to receiving the indication.

[0075] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further include: means for receiving a request from a third device to send a reference signal using the second reference signal configuration; and means for sending the reference signal to the first device using the second reference signal configuration.

[0076] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further include: means for receiving, from a third device, a request for a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to the first device; means for sending the second reference signal configuration to the third device; and means for sending the reference signal to the first device using the second reference signal configuration.

[0077] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further include a component for ceasing to transmit the reference signal to the first device using the second reference signal configuration in response to receiving an indication from the first device indicating one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration, or receiving an indication from a third device to cease transmitting the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration.

[0078] In some example embodiments, the first device may include a sensing receiver, the second device may include a sensing transmitter, the third device may include a session management function, and the reference signal may be a sensing reference signal.

[0079] In a ninth aspect, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus as a third device may include: means for sending information indicating one or more reference signal configurations and related events to a first device in a radio access network, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations may be associated with transmission of a reference signal from a second device in the radio access network to the first device.

[0080] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further include: a component for receiving capabilities of the first device from the first device, the capabilities comprising at least one of: computing capabilities, machine learning capabilities, at least one executable sensing task, a device category, and a power state, wherein the information may be determined based at least on the received capabilities.

[0081] In some example embodiments, the one or more reference signal configurations may include a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of a reference signal from a second device to the first device in the radio access network.

[0082] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for sending, to the first device and the second device, respectively, a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device.

[0083] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further include: means for receiving an indication from the first device indicating one or more events; and means for sending a request to the second device to send a reference signal using the second reference signal configuration in response to receiving the indication.

[0084] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further include: a component for receiving an indication indicating one or more events from a first device; a component for sending a request to a second device for a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to the first device in response to receiving the indication; a component for receiving the second reference signal configuration from the second device; and a component for sending the second reference signal configuration to the first device.

[0085] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further include: a component for receiving an indication indicating one or more events from the first device; and a component for sending a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device to the first device and the second device, respectively, in response to receiving the indication.

[0086] In some example embodiments, the apparatus may further include: a component for receiving, from the first device, results of measurements performed on a reference signal using a second reference signal configuration; a component for sending, to the first device, an indication to stop measuring the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration when one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration are detected based at least on the results of the measurements; and a component for sending, to the second device, an indication to stop transmitting the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration.

[0087] In some example embodiments, the first device may include a sensing receiver, the second device may include a sensing transmitter, the third device may include a session management function, and the reference signal may be a sensing reference signal.

[0088] In a tenth aspect, a computer-readable medium is disclosed. The computer-readable medium may include instructions stored thereon, the instructions being configured to cause a first device in a radio access network to perform: receiving information indicating one or more reference signal configurations and related events from a third device, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations may be associated with transmission of a reference signal from a second device in the radio access network to the first device; and detecting one or more events based at least on the one or more reference signal configurations.

[0089] In some example embodiments, the computer-readable medium may also include instructions stored thereon for causing the first device to further execute: sending capabilities of the first device to a third device, wherein the capabilities may include at least one of: computing capabilities, machine learning capabilities, at least one executable sensing task, a device category, and a power state.

[0090] In some example embodiments, the one or more reference signal configurations may include a first reference signal configuration, and the computer-readable medium may further include instructions stored thereon for causing the first device to further perform: performing measurements on a reference signal received from the second device using the first reference signal configuration, wherein one or more events may be detected based on the measurement results.

[0091] In some example embodiments, the computer-readable medium may further include instructions stored thereon for causing the first device to further perform: receiving a second reference signal configuration from a third device, the second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to the first device.

[0092] In some example embodiments, the one or more reference signal configurations may include a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to the first device.

[0093] In some example embodiments, the computer-readable medium may also include instructions stored thereon for causing the first device to further perform: upon detecting one or more events, sending an indication indicating the one or more events to a second device or a third device; and performing measurements on a reference signal received from the second device using a second reference signal configuration.

[0094] In some example embodiments, the computer-readable medium may also include instructions stored thereon for causing the first device to further perform: upon detecting one or more events, sending an indication indicating the one or more events to a third device; receiving a second reference signal configuration from the third device, the second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to the first device; and performing measurements on the reference signal received from the second device using the second reference signal configuration.

[0095] In some example embodiments, the computer-readable medium may further include instructions stored thereon for causing the first device to further perform: reporting to a third device a result of a measurement performed on the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration.

[0096] In some example embodiments, the computer-readable medium may further include instructions stored thereon for causing the first device to further perform: upon detecting one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration, or upon receiving an indication from a third device to stop measuring the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration, stopping measuring the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration, wherein the one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration can be detected based on at least one of the first reference signal configuration and the second reference signal configuration.

[0097] In some example embodiments, the computer-readable medium may further include instructions stored thereon for causing the first device to further perform: upon detecting one or more events, ceasing to configure measurement of the reference signal using the first reference signal.

[0098] In some example embodiments, the computer-readable medium may further include instructions stored thereon for causing the first device to further perform: upon detecting one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration, or upon receiving an indication from a third device to stop measuring the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration, resuming measurement of the reference signal using the first reference signal configuration.

[0099] In some example embodiments, the first device may include a sensing receiver, the second device may include a sensing transmitter, the third device may include a session management function, and the reference signal may be a sensing reference signal.

[0100] In an eleventh aspect, a computer-readable medium is disclosed. The computer-readable medium may include instructions stored thereon, the instructions being used to cause a second device in a radio access network to perform: obtaining information indicating one or more reference signal configurations and related events, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations may be associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to a first device in the radio access network, and the one or more reference signal configurations may include at least a first reference signal configuration; and sending a reference signal to the first device using the first reference signal configuration.

[0101] In some example embodiments, the computer-readable medium may further include instructions stored thereon for causing the second device to further perform: receiving a second reference signal configuration from a third device, the second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to the first device.

[0102] In some example embodiments, the computer-readable medium may further include instructions stored thereon for causing the second device to further perform: receiving an indication indicating one or more events from the first device; and in response to receiving the indication, sending a reference signal to the first device using a second reference signal configuration.

[0103] In some example embodiments, the computer-readable medium may further include instructions stored thereon for causing the second device to further perform: receiving a request from a third device to send a reference signal using a second reference signal configuration; and sending a reference signal to the first device using the second reference signal configuration.

[0104] In some example embodiments, the computer-readable medium may also include instructions stored thereon for causing the second device to further perform: receiving a request for a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to the first device from a third device; sending the second reference signal configuration to the third device; and sending the reference signal to the first device using the second reference signal configuration.

[0105] In some example embodiments, the computer-readable medium may also include instructions stored thereon, the instructions being used to cause the second device to further execute: in response to receiving an indication from the first device indicating one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration, or receiving an indication from a third device to stop transmitting the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration, stopping transmitting the reference signal to the first device using the second reference signal configuration.

[0106] In some example embodiments, the first device may include a sensing receiver, the second device may include a sensing transmitter, the third device may include a session management function, and the reference signal may be a sensing reference signal.

[0107] In a twelfth aspect, a computer-readable medium is disclosed. The computer-readable medium may include instructions stored thereon, the instructions being configured to cause a third device to execute: sending information indicating one or more reference signal configurations and related events to a first device in a radio access network, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations may be associated with transmission of a reference signal from a second device in the radio access network to the first device.

[0108] In some example embodiments, the computer-readable medium may also include instructions stored thereon for causing the third device to further perform: receiving capabilities of the first device from the first device, the capabilities including at least one of: computing capabilities, machine learning capabilities, at least one executable sensing task, a device category, and a power state, wherein the information can be determined based at least on the received capabilities.

[0109] In some example embodiments, the one or more reference signal configurations may include a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of a reference signal from a second device to the first device in the radio access network.

[0110] In some example embodiments, the computer-readable medium may further include instructions stored thereon for causing the third device to further execute: sending, to the first device and the second device, respectively, a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device.

[0111] In some example embodiments, the computer-readable medium may also include instructions stored thereon for causing the third device to further perform: receiving an indication indicating one or more events from the first device; and in response to receiving the indication, sending a request to the second device to send a reference signal using a second reference signal configuration.

[0112] In some example embodiments, the computer-readable medium may also include instructions stored thereon for causing the third device to further perform: receiving an indication indicating one or more events from the first device; in response to receiving the indication, sending a request to the second device for a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to the first device; receiving the second reference signal configuration from the second device; and sending the second reference signal configuration to the first device.

[0113] In some example embodiments, the computer-readable medium may also include instructions stored thereon for causing the third device to further perform: receiving an indication indicating one or more events from the first device; and in response to receiving the indication, sending a second reference signal configuration associated with transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device to the first device and the second device, respectively.

[0114] In some example embodiments, the computer-readable medium may also include instructions stored thereon, the instructions being used to cause the third device to further execute: receiving results of measurements performed on a reference signal using a second reference signal configuration from the first device; sending an indication to the first device to stop measuring the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration when one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration are detected based at least on the results of the measurements; and sending an indication to the second device to stop transmitting the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration.

[0115] In some example embodiments, the first device may include a sensing receiver, the second device may include a sensing transmitter, the third device may include a session management function, and the reference signal may be a sensing reference signal.

[0116] Other features and advantages of example embodiments of the present disclosure will also be apparent from the following description of specific embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of example embodiments of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0117] Some example embodiments will now be described, by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0118] Figure 1 Exemplary scenarios are shown in which example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.

[0119] Figure 2 An exemplary sequence diagram of a hierarchical measurement mechanism according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0120] Figure 3 Shown is a flow chart illustrating an example method 300 for a hierarchical measurement mechanism according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0121] Figure 4 Shown is a flow chart illustrating an example method 400 for a hierarchical measurement mechanism according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0122] Figure 5 Shown is a flow chart illustrating an example method 500 for a hierarchical measurement mechanism according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0123] Figure 6 Shown is a block diagram illustrating an example device 600 for a hierarchical measurement mechanism according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0124] Figure 7 Shown is a block diagram illustrating an example device 700 for a hierarchical measurement mechanism according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0125] Figure 8 Shown is a block diagram illustrating an example device 800 for a hierarchical measurement mechanism according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0126] Fig. 9 Shown is a block diagram illustrating an example apparatus 900 for a hierarchical measurement mechanism according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0127] Fig.10 Shown is a block diagram illustrating an example apparatus 1000 for a hierarchical measurement mechanism according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0128] Fig.11 Shown is a block diagram illustrating an example apparatus 1100 for a hierarchical measurement mechanism according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0129] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements, and repeated description of the same elements will be omitted. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0130] Below, some example embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description includes specific details intended to provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known circuits, techniques, and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts and features described.

[0131] The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provide a hierarchical measurement mechanism. According to the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the hierarchical measurement mechanism of JCAS can reduce device complexity, such as measurement complexity, computational complexity, and adverse effects on communication performance.

[0132] Figure 1 An exemplary scenario in which an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may be implemented is shown. Figure 1 , SR 110 may represent any SR in a wireless communication network, sensing transmitter (ST) 130 may represent any ST in a wireless communication network, and sensing management function (SMF) 150 may be a sensing management function entity associated with SR 110 and ST 130.

[0133] SMF 150 may be part of an access and mobility management function (AMF), a location management function (LMF), or a sensing-related functional entity on the network side or the user equipment (UE) side. SR 110 and / or ST 130 may be part of a UE or a base station (BS). In the case where the wireless communication network is a wireless local area network (WLAN), SMF 150 may be part of an access point (AP), a station (STA), a multi-AP controller, or a sensing-related functional entity on the network side or the UE side, and SR 110 and / or ST 130 may be part of a STA or an AP. It is understood that SR 110 and ST 130 are located in a radio access network (RAN). SR 110, ST 130, and / or SMF 150 may be located in a separate device or the same device, but logically serve different functions.

[0134] The SMF 150 may control the sensing process involved in at least one SR (e.g., SR 110) and at least one ST (e.g., ST 130). The SMF 150 may instruct the ST 130 to send a SEN-RS. Based on measurements on the SEN-RS, such as channel state information (CSI), the SR 110 may estimate, for example, a range, an angle of arrival (AoA), a Doppler shift, and / or a range-Doppler profile based on the sensing measurements.

[0135] In an example embodiment of the present disclosure, the SMF 150 may divide the sensing task into sensing subtasks of different levels according to the sensing-related capabilities and sensing task requirements of the SR 110. For example, if the sensing task is to measure the target 170, the sensing task may be divided into device-level sensing subtasks, such as intrusion detection, for example, detecting whether the target 170 is within the region of interest 190, and network-level sensing tasks, such as tracking the target 170 and analyzing the behavior of the target 170 if the target 170 is within the region 190. The device-level sensing subtasks generally require low sensing resources, including RS resources, computing resources, power resources, etc., while the network-level sensing subtasks may handle more complex sensing tasks that have higher requirements on sensing resources.

[0136] For example, in the case of home medical and security sensing, the device-level sensing subtask may be a simple mobile target detection, which can be implemented based on distance / angle / Doppler measurements without requiring high sensing resources. The network-level sensing subtask may be a high-level task of tracking and analyzing the activities and / or behaviors of the sensing target 170, which has high requirements on sensing resources or joint sensing measurement reports from multiple SRs.

[0137] Based on the sensing related capability report and sensing requirements from SR 110, device level sensing subtask(s) may be located on the ST 130 side, and network level sensing subtask(s) may be located on the network side, such as SMF 150 or a network data analysis function (NWDAF).

[0138] Different levels of sensing subtasks can be performed using different RS configurations. For example, a coarse-grained RS configuration can be used not only to measure the distance, angle, and / or Doppler information of the target 170 with low resolution and / or ambiguity, but also to sense simple environmental changes and / or target behavior. Fine-grained RS configurations can be used to achieve high resolution and ambiguity of sensing measurements, such as distance, angle, Doppler, etc. and advanced sensing tasks. To this end, RS measurement and processing will involve high complexity and high power consumption, which may result in additional power consumption and communication overhead for sensing measurement reports.

[0139] Compared with the fine-grained SEN-RS configuration, the coarse-grained RS configuration may include fewer RS ​​resources in the time domain / frequency domain / spatial domain / coding domain, or the transmission period of the RS pattern is longer. The coarse-grained RS configuration may be, but is not limited to, a subset of the fine-grained RS configuration. For example, in the sensing frame of the RS, the time and / or frequency resources of the coarse-grained RS configuration may be part of, partially overlap with, or different from the time and / or frequency resources of the fine-grained RS configuration. Alternatively, the coarse-grained RS configuration may have the same configuration as the fine-grained RS configuration.

[0140] Figure 2 An exemplary sequence diagram of a hierarchical measurement mechanism according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0141] refer to Figure 2 In one embodiment, the SR 110 may send the capabilities 212 of the SR 110 to the SMF 150. The capabilities 212 may include at least one of the following: computing capabilities, ML capabilities, at least one executable sensing task, a device category, and a power state. The at least one executable sensing task may be at least one sensing task that the SR 110 is capable of performing, such as distance / angle / Doppler measurement, line of sight (LOS) estimation, intrusion detection, or / and proximity sensing, etc. The device category may indicate that the SR 110 is, for example, a high-power device that will consume more power or a low-power device that consumes less power, etc. The power state may indicate, for example, the remaining power in the SR 110.

[0142] SMF 150 may send information 254 indicating one or more RS configurations and related events to SR 110. The one or more RS configurations may be associated with the transmission of RS 232 from ST 130 to SR 110. Thus, upon receiving information 254, for example in operation 216, SR 110 may detect one or more events based at least on the one or more RS configurations. RS 232 may be, for example, a SEN-RS. In one embodiment, information 254 may be determined based at least on the received capabilities 212.

[0143] In one embodiment, the one or more RS configurations may include a first RS configuration 256. The first RS configuration 256 may be, for example, a coarse-grained RS configuration. The one or more events associated with the first RS configuration 256 may be, for example, that the target 170 is outside the area 190.

[0144] The ST 130 may obtain information 254 indicating one or more RS configurations and related events. The one or more RS configurations may be associated with the transmission of the RS 232 from the ST 130 to the SR 110. In one embodiment, the ST 130 may receive the information 254 from the SMF 150. Alternatively, the ST 130 may obtain the information 254 from other devices outside the SMF 150, or determine the information 254 on its own and send the information 254 to the SMF 150. In one embodiment, the one or more RS configurations may include a first RS configuration 256.

[0145] After acquiring the first RS configuration 256 , the ST 130 may transmit the RS 232 to the SR 110 using the first RS configuration 256 , and in operation 214 , the SR 110 may perform measurement on the RS 232 received from the ST 130 using the first RS configuration 256 .

[0146] In operation 216, SR 110 may detect one or more events based on the measurements performed in operation 214. The one or more events may be, for example, the object 170 entering Figure 1 Area 190 shown. In one embodiment, one or more events may be defined as whether the sensing measurement and / or sensing result meets a specific condition. For example, one or more events may be a fluctuation of CSI (e.g., a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) within a given time, which may be measured based on the first RS configuration 256) greater than a certain threshold. For example, one or more events may be the detection of at least one mobile target based on measurements on the first RS configuration 256. One or more events detected based on the device-level sensing subtask may trigger the execution of the network-level sensing subtask, which will be described later. For example, SR 110 may perform CSI measurements in a sensing frame and obtain Doppler shift information of target 170 based on the CSI measurements. If target 170 is detected in area 190 based on observation of the Doppler shift information of target 170, one or more events may be detected and measurements on a fine-grained RS configuration will be triggered.

[0147] Thus, if the SR 110 does not detect one or more events, the SR 110 will not need to perform the network level sensing subtask. In this case, the first RS configuration 256 is used to reduce the resource overhead and complexity of the SR 110 involved in the measurements, reporting, and calculations. If the SR 110 detects one or more events, the fine-grained RS configuration will be used. In this case, the SR 110 can report measurements, such as CSI, range Doppler profile, etc., to the SMF 150 for performance of the network level sensing subtask.

[0148] SMF 150 may send a second RS configuration 258 to SR 110 and ST 130, respectively, which may be, for example, a fine-grained RS configuration and is associated with the transmission of RS 232 from ST 130 to SR 110. Alternatively, in one embodiment, SMF 150 may send a request for the second RS configuration 258 to ST 130 and receive the second RS configuration 258 from ST 130.

[0149] In one embodiment, the one or more RS configurations indicated by the information 254 may include the second RS configuration 258. In addition, the one or more reference signal configurations indicated by the information 254 acquired by the ST 130 may also include the second RS configuration 258.

[0150] In the case where the SR 110 receives the information 254 indicating both the first RS configuration 256 and the second RS configuration 258, in operation 214, the SR 110 may perform measurement on the RS 232 using the first RS configuration 256 instead of using the second RS configuration 258 in an initial stage (e.g., before one or more events are detected in operation 216). In addition, in the case where the ST 130 receives the information 254 indicating both the first RS configuration 256 and the second RS configuration 258, the ST 130 may transmit the RS 232 to the SR 110 using the first RS configuration 256 instead of using the second RS configuration 258 in an initial stage (e.g., before being notified to transmit the RS 232 using the second RS configuration 258).

[0151] In one embodiment, when one or more events are detected in operation 216, SR 110 may send an indication 218 indicating the one or more events to ST 130. In this embodiment, both SR 110 and ST 130 have a second RS configuration 258, in response to receiving the indication 218, ST 130 may send RS 232 to SR 110 using the second RS configuration 258, and in operation 220, SR 110 may perform measurements on RS 232 received from ST 130 using the second RS configuration 258.

[0152] Alternatively, in one embodiment, when one or more events are detected in operation 216, SR 110 may send an indication 218 indicating the one or more events to SMF 150. In this embodiment, both SR 110 and ST 130 have the second RS configuration 258, and in response to receiving the indication 218, SMF 150 may send a request 264 to ST 130 to send RS 232 using the second RS configuration 258. After receiving the request 264, ST 130 may send RS 232 to SR 110 using the second RS configuration 258, and in operation 220, SR 110 may perform measurements on RS 232 received from ST 130 using the second RS configuration 258.

[0153] Alternatively, in one embodiment, after the one or more events are detected in operation 216, the second RS configuration 258 may be configured at the SR 110 and the ST 130. For example, when the one or more events are detected in operation 216, the SR 110 may send an indication 218 indicating the one or more events to the SMF 150, and in response to receiving the indication 218, the SMF 150 may send the second RS configuration 258 associated with the transmission of the RS 232 from the ST 130 to the SR 110 to the SR 110, respectively. Then, the ST 130 may send the RS 232 to the SR 110 using the second RS configuration 258 according to, for example, the request 264 from the SMF 150 or the indication 218 from the SR 110, and in operation 220, the SR 110 may perform measurements on the RS 232 received from the ST 130 using the second RS configuration 258.

[0154] In this embodiment, alternatively, as an option, in response to receiving the indication 218, the SMF 150 may send a request for the second RS configuration 258 to the ST 130. After receiving the request for the second RS configuration 258, the ST 130 may send the second RS configuration 258 to the SMF 150. After receiving the second RS configuration 258 from the ST 130, the SMF 150 may send the second RS configuration 258 to the SR 110. Therefore, the ST 130 may send the RS 232 to the SR 110 using the second RS configuration 258, and in operation 220, the SR 110 may perform measurement on the RS 232 received from the ST 130 using the second RS configuration 258.

[0155] In the case where SR 110 performs operation 220 , SR 110 may continue to perform operation 214 , alternatively, in operation 226 , SR 110 may stop measuring RS 232 using first RS configuration 256 when one or more events are detected in operation 216 .

[0156] In one embodiment, SR 110 may report to SMF 150 the results 222 of the measurements performed on RS 232 using second RS configuration 258. For example, measurement results 222 may be reported directly to a sensing processing unit, such as NWDAF, or forwarded by SMF 150. Measurement results 222 may be, for example, but not limited to, information about CSI, RSSI, distance, angle, Doppler, range-Doppler profile, or other information that may be obtained by measuring RS 232 on second RS configuration 258. In addition, measurement results 222 may be used to facilitate the performance of network-level sensing subtasks.

[0157] In one embodiment, upon receiving the result 222 of the measurement performed on RS 232 using the second RS configuration 258, SMF 150 may send an indication 268 to SR 110 to stop measuring RS 232 using the second RS configuration 258 when one or more events associated with the first RS configuration 256 are detected based at least on the measurement result 222, and send an indication 266 to ST 130 to stop transmitting to RS 232 using the second RF configuration 258.

[0158] Alternatively, in one embodiment, the SR 110 may detect one or more events associated with the first RS configuration 256 based on at least one of the first RS configuration 256 and the second RS configuration 258. In operation 224, upon detecting one or more events associated with the first RS configuration 256, or upon receiving an indication 268 from the SMF 150 to stop measuring the RS 232 using the second RS configuration 258, the SR 110 may stop measuring the RS 232 using the second RS configuration 258. As an option, the SR 110 may send an indication 223 indicating one or more events associated with the first RS configuration 256 to the ST 130.

[0159] In one embodiment, in response to receiving an indication 223 from SR 110 indicating one or more events associated with first RS configuration 256 or receiving an indication 266 from SMF 150 to stop transmitting RS 232 using second RS configuration 258 , ST 130 may stop transmitting RS 232 to SR 110 using second RS configuration 258 .

[0160] In the case where SR 110 performs operation 226 of stopping measurement of RS 232 using the first RS configuration 256 when one or more events are detected in operation 216, in operation 228, SR 110 may resume measurement of RS 232 using the first RS configuration 256 when one or more events associated with the first RS configuration 256 are detected, or when an indication 268 to stop measurement of RS 232 using the second RS configuration 258 is received from SMF 150.

[0161] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the SR 110 may be included in a first device, the ST 130 may be included in a second device, and the SMF 150 may be included in a third device.

[0162] The example embodiments of the present disclosure provide an efficient hierarchical measurement mechanism for JCAS. The example embodiments can reduce the RS resource overhead, complexity, and power consumption of SR and / or ST, because if a second event is detected based on a device-level sensing subtask with low RS resource overhead, a second RS configuration will be triggered. The example embodiments can also enable reasonable sensing task allocation and RS configuration on the device side and the network side based on the capabilities and task requirements of the SR. In addition, the example embodiments can reduce the requirements of the SR device for sensing measurements. In addition, according to the example embodiments, the impact of sensing resources on communications can be reduced.

[0163] Figure 3 A flow chart illustrating an example method 300 for a hierarchical measurement mechanism according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The example method 300 may be performed, for example, at a first device in a RAN including the SR 110.

[0164] refer to Figure 3 , the example method 300 may include an operation 310 of receiving information indicating one or more RS configurations and related events from a third device, wherein the one or more RS configurations may be associated with transmission of the RS from a second device to a first device in the RAN; and an operation 320 of detecting one or more events based at least on the one or more RS configurations.

[0165] The details of operation 310 have been described in the above description at least with respect to the information 254 , and a repeated description thereof is omitted here.

[0166] The details of operation 320 have been described in the above description at least with respect to operation 216, and a repeated description thereof is omitted here.

[0167] In one embodiment, the example method 300 may also include an operation of sending capabilities of the first device to the third device, wherein the capabilities may include at least one of the following: computing capabilities, ML capabilities, at least one executable sensing task, device category, and power state. More details have been described in the above description at least for capabilities 212, and their repeated description is omitted here.

[0168] In one embodiment, the one or more reference signal configurations may include a first RS configuration, and the example method 300 may further include an operation of performing a measurement on an RS received from a second device using the first RS configuration, and one or more events may be detected based on the measurement results. More details have been described in the above description at least for the first RS configuration 256, operation 214, and operation 216, and their repeated description is omitted here.

[0169] In one embodiment, the example method 300 may further include receiving from the third device an operation of a second RS configuration associated with transmission of the RS from the second device to the first device.More details have been described above at least for the second RS configuration 258, and their repeated description is omitted here.

[0170] In one embodiment, the one or more RS configurations may include a second RS configuration associated with transmission of the RS from the second device to the first device.More details have been described in the above description at least for the second RS configuration 258, and a repeated description thereof is omitted here.

[0171] In one embodiment, the example method 300 may also include an operation of sending an indication indicating one or more events to a second device or a third device when one or more events are detected, further details of which have been described in the above description at least for indication 218 and whose repeated description is omitted here; and an operation of performing measurements on an RS received from the second device using a second RS configuration, further details of which have been described in the above description at least for indication 220 and whose repeated description is omitted here.

[0172] In one embodiment, the example method 300 may also include an operation of sending an indication indicating one or more events to a third device when one or more events are detected, further details of which have been described in the above description at least for indication 218, and its repeated description is omitted here; an operation of receiving from a third device a second RS configuration associated with the transmission of RS from the second device to the first device, further details of which have been described in the above description at least for indication 258, and its repeated description is omitted here; and an operation of performing measurements on the RS received from the second device using the second RS configuration, further details of which have been described in the above description at least for indication 220, and its repeated description is omitted here.

[0173] In one embodiment, the example method 300 may further include an operation of reporting to a third device the result of the measurement performed on the RS using the second RS configuration.More details have been described above at least for the measurement result 222, and a repeated description thereof is omitted here.

[0174] In one embodiment, the example method 300 may further include the following operations: when one or more events associated with the first RS configuration are detected, or when an indication to stop measuring the RS using the second RS configuration is received from a third device, stop measuring the RS using the second RS configuration, wherein the one or more events associated with the first RS configuration can be detected based on at least one of the first RS configuration and the second RS configuration. More details have been described in the above description at least for indication 268 and operation 224, and their repeated description is omitted here.

[0175] In one embodiment, the example method 300 may further include stopping the operation of measuring the RS using the first RS configuration upon detecting one or more events.More details have been described in the above description at least for operation 226, and a repeated description thereof is omitted here.

[0176] In one embodiment, the example method 300 may further include the following operations: when one or more events associated with the first RS configuration are detected, or when an indication to stop using the second RS configuration to measure the RS is received from a third device, resuming the measurement of the RS using the first RS configuration. More details have been described in the above description at least for indication 268 and operation 228, and their repeated description is omitted here.

[0177] In one embodiment, the second device may include the ST 130, the third device may include the SMF 150, and the RS may be a SEN-RS.

[0178] Figure 4 A flow chart illustrating an example method 400 for a hierarchical measurement mechanism according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The example method 400 may be performed, for example, at a second device in a RAN including the ST 130.

[0179] refer to Figure 4 , the example method 400 may include an operation 410 of obtaining information indicating one or more RS configurations and related events, wherein the one or more RS configurations may be associated with transmission of an RS from a second device to a first device in the RAN, and the one or more RS configurations may include at least a first RS configuration; and an operation 420 of sending an RS to the first device using the first RS configuration.

[0180] The details of operation 410 have been described in the above description at least with respect to the information 254 and the first RS configuration 256, and a repeated description thereof is omitted here.

[0181] The details of operation 420 have been described in the above description at least with respect to RS 232 and the first RS configuration 256, and a repeated description thereof is omitted here.

[0182] In one embodiment, the example method 400 may further include receiving from the third device an operation of a second RS configuration associated with transmission of the RS from the second device to the first device.More details have been described above at least for the second RS configuration 258, and their repeated description is omitted here.

[0183] In one embodiment, the example method 400 may also include an operation of receiving an indication indicating one or more events from the first device, further details of which have been described in the above description at least for indication 218, and whose repeated description is omitted here; and an operation of sending RS to the first device using a second RS configuration in response to receiving the indication, further details of which have been described in the above description at least for RS232 and the second RS configuration 258, and whose repeated description is omitted here.

[0184] In one embodiment, the example method 400 may also include an operation of receiving a request from a third device to send an RS using a second RS configuration, further details of which are described in the above description at least for request 264 and whose repeated description is omitted here; and an operation of sending an RS to the first device using the second RS configuration, further details of which have been described in the above description at least for RS232 and the second RS configuration 258 and whose repeated description is omitted here.

[0185] In one embodiment, the example method 400 may also include an operation of receiving a request for a second RS configuration associated with transmission of the RS from the second device to the first device from a third device; an operation of sending the second RS configuration to the third device; and an operation of sending the RS to the first device using the second RS configuration. More details have been described in the above description at least for RS232 and the second RS configuration 258, and their repeated description is omitted here.

[0186] In one embodiment, the example method 400 may further include the following operations: in response to receiving an indication from the first device indicating one or more events associated with the first RS configuration, or receiving an indication from the third device to stop transmitting the RS using the second RS configuration, stop transmitting the RS to the first device using the second RS configuration. More details have been described in the above description at least for operation 234, indication 223 and indication 266, and their repeated description is omitted here.

[0187] In one embodiment, the first device may include the SR 110, the third device may include the SMF 150, and the RS may be a SEN-RS.

[0188] Figure 5 A flow chart illustrating an example method 500 for a hierarchical measurement mechanism according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The example method 500 may be performed at a third device including the SMF 150, for example.

[0189] refer to Figure 5, the example method 500 may include an operation 510 of sending information indicating one or more RS configurations and related events to a first device in the RAN, wherein the one or more RS configurations may be associated with transmission of the RS from a second device in the RAN to the first device.

[0190] The details of operation 510 have been described in the above description at least with respect to the information 254 , and a repeated description thereof is omitted here.

[0191] In one embodiment, the example method 500 may also include an operation of receiving capabilities of the first device from the first device, wherein the capabilities may include at least one of the following: computing capabilities, ML capabilities, at least one executable sensing task, device category, and power state, and the information may be determined based at least on the received capabilities. More details have been described in the above description at least for capabilities 212 and information 254, and their repeated description is omitted here.

[0192] In one embodiment, the one or more RS configurations may include a second RS configuration associated with transmission of RS from the second device in the RAN to the first device.More details have been described in the above description at least for the second RS configuration 258, and their repeated description is omitted here.

[0193] In one embodiment, the example method 500 may also include an operation of sending a second RS configuration associated with the transmission of the RS from the second device to the first device to the first device, respectively, more details of which have been described in the above description at least for the second RS configuration 258, and their repeated description is omitted here.

[0194] In one embodiment, the example method 500 may also include an operation of receiving an indication indicating one or more events from the first device, further details of which have been described in the above description at least for indication 218, and whose repeated description is omitted here; and an operation of sending a request to the second device to send an RS using a second RS configuration in response to receiving the indication, further details of which have been described in the above description at least for request 264, and whose repeated description is omitted here.

[0195] In one embodiment, the example method 500 may also include an operation of receiving an indication indicating one or more events from the first device; an operation of sending a request for a second RS configuration associated with transmission of the RS from the second device to the first device to the second device in response to receiving the indication; an operation of receiving the second RS configuration from the second device; and an operation of sending the second RS configuration to the first device. More details have been described in the above description at least for the indication 218, RS232, and the second RS configuration 258, and their repeated description is omitted here.

[0196] In one embodiment, the example method 500 may also include an operation of receiving an indication indicating one or more events from the first device, further details of which have been described in the above description at least for indication 218, and whose repeated description is omitted here; and an operation of sending a second RS configuration associated with the transmission of RS from the second device to the first device to the first device and the second device respectively in response to receiving the indication, further details of which have been described in the above description at least for the second RS configuration 258, and whose repeated description is omitted here.

[0197] In one embodiment, the example method 500 may also include an operation of receiving from the first device the results of measurements performed on the RS using the second RS configuration, further details of which are described in the above description at least for measurement result 222, and whose repeated description is omitted here; an operation of sending to the first device an indication to stop measuring the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration when one or more events associated with the first RS configuration are detected based at least on the results of the measurements, further details of which have been described in the above description at least for indication 268, and whose repeated description is omitted here; and an operation of sending to the second device an indication to stop transmitting the RS using the second RS configuration, further details of which have been described in the above description at least for indication 266, and whose repeated description is omitted here.

[0198] In one embodiment, the first device may include the SR 110, the second device may include the ST 130, and the RS may be a SEN-RS.

[0199] Figure 6 A block diagram illustrating an example device 600 for a hierarchical measurement mechanism according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. For example, the device may be at least a part of the first device including the SR 110 in the above-mentioned example.

[0200] like Figure 6 As shown, the example device 600 may include at least one processor 610 and at least one memory 620 that may include computer program code 630. The at least one memory 620 and the computer program code 630 may be configured to, together with the at least one processor 610, cause the device 600 to at least perform the example method 300 described above.

[0201] In various example embodiments, at least one processor 610 in the example device 600 may include, but is not limited to, at least one hardware processor, including at least one microprocessor, such as a central processing unit (CPU); a portion of at least one hard processor; and any other suitable special-purpose processor, such as a processor developed based on, for example, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). In addition, the at least one processor 610 may also include Figure 6 At least one other circuit system or component not shown.

[0202] In various example embodiments, at least one memory 620 in the example device 600 may include various forms of at least one storage medium, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. Volatile memory may include, but is not limited to, for example, random access memory (RAM), cache, etc. Non-volatile memory may include, but is not limited to, for example, read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc. In addition, at least memory 620 may include, but is not limited to, electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared or semiconductor systems, devices or equipment, or any combination of the above.

[0203] Furthermore, in various example embodiments, the example device 600 may further include at least one other circuit system, element, and interface, such as at least one I / O interface, at least one antenna element, and the like.

[0204] In various example embodiments, the circuit systems, components, elements, and interfaces in the example device 600 (including at least one processor 610 and at least one memory 420) may be coupled together in any suitable manner (e.g., electrically, magnetically, optically, electromagnetically, etc.) via any suitable connection (including, but not limited to, buses, crossbars, wiring, and / or wireless links).

[0205] It should be understood that the structure of the device on the first device side is not limited to the above-mentioned example device 600.

[0206] Figure 7 A block diagram illustrating an example device 700 for a hierarchical measurement mechanism according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. For example, the device may be at least a part of the second device including the ST 130 in the above example.

[0207] like Figure 7 As shown, the example device 700 may include at least one processor 710 and at least one memory 720 that may include computer program code 730. The at least one memory 720 and the computer program code 730 may be configured to, together with the at least one processor 710, cause the device 700 to at least perform the example method 400 described above.

[0208] In various example embodiments, at least one processor 710 in the example device 700 may include, but is not limited to, at least one hardware processor, including at least one microprocessor, such as a central processing unit (CPU); a portion of at least one hard processor; and any other suitable special-purpose processor, such as those developed based on, for example, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). In addition, the at least one processor 710 may also include Figure 7At least one other circuit system or component not shown.

[0209] In various example embodiments, at least one memory 720 in the example device 700 may include various forms of at least one storage medium, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. Volatile memory may include, but is not limited to, for example, random access memory (RAM), cache, etc. Non-volatile memory may include, but is not limited to, for example, read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc. In addition, at least memory 720 may include, but is not limited to, electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared or semiconductor systems, devices or equipment, or any combination of the above.

[0210] Furthermore, in various example embodiments, the example device 700 may further include at least one other circuit system, element, and interface, such as at least one I / O interface, at least one antenna element, and the like.

[0211] In various example embodiments, the circuit systems, components, elements, and interfaces in the example device 700 (including at least one processor 710 and at least one memory 720) may be coupled together in any suitable manner (e.g., electrically, magnetically, optically, electromagnetically, etc.) via any suitable connections (including, but not limited to, buses, crossbars, wires, and / or wireless links).

[0212] It should be understood that the structure of the device on the second device side is not limited to the above-mentioned example device 700.

[0213] Figure 8 A block diagram illustrating an example device 800 for a hierarchical measurement mechanism according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. For example, the device may be at least a part of the third device including the SMF 150 in the above example.

[0214] like Figure 8 As shown, the example device 800 may include at least one processor 810 and at least one memory 820 that may include computer program code 830. The at least one memory 820 and the computer program code 830 may be configured to, together with the at least one processor 810, cause the device 800 to at least perform the example method 500 described above.

[0215] In various example embodiments, at least one processor 810 in the example device 800 may include, but is not limited to, at least one hardware processor, including at least one microprocessor, such as a central processing unit (CPU); a portion of at least one hard processor; and any other suitable special-purpose processor, such as those developed based on, for example, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). In addition, the at least one processor 810 may also include Figure 8At least one other circuit system or component not shown.

[0216] In various example embodiments, at least one memory 820 in the example device 800 may include various forms of at least one storage medium, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. Volatile memory may include, but is not limited to, for example, random access memory (RAM), cache, etc. Non-volatile memory may include, but is not limited to, for example, read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc. In addition, at least memory 820 may include, but is not limited to, electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared or semiconductor systems, devices or equipment, or any combination of the above.

[0217] Furthermore, in various example embodiments, the example device 800 may further include at least one other circuit system, element, and interface, such as at least one I / O interface, at least one antenna element, and the like.

[0218] In various example embodiments, the circuit systems, components, elements, and interfaces in the example device 800 (including at least one processor 810 and at least one memory 820) may be coupled together in any suitable manner (e.g., electrically, magnetically, optically, electromagnetically, etc.) via any suitable connections (including, but not limited to, buses, crossbars, wires, and / or wireless links).

[0219] It should be understood that the structure of the device on the third device side is not limited to the above-mentioned example device 800.

[0220] Fig. 9 A block diagram illustrating an example apparatus 900 for a hierarchical measurement mechanism according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. For example, the apparatus may be at least a part of the first device including the SR 110 in the above example.

[0221] like Fig. 9 As shown, the example apparatus 900 may include a component 910 for performing operation 310 of the example method 300 and a component 920 for performing operation 320 of the example method 300. In one or more other example embodiments, the example apparatus 900 may further include at least one I / O interface, at least one antenna element, and the like.

[0222] In some example embodiments, examples of components in example apparatus 900 may include circuitry. For example, one example of component 910 may include circuitry configured to perform operation 310 of example method 300, and one example of component 920 may include circuitry configured to perform operation 320 of example method 300. In some example embodiments, examples of components may also include software modules and any other suitable functional entities.

[0223] Fig.10A block diagram illustrating an example apparatus 1000 for a hierarchical measurement mechanism according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. For example, the apparatus may be at least a part of the second device including the ST 130 in the above example.

[0224] like Fig.10 As shown, the example apparatus 1000 may include a component 1010 for performing operation 410 of the example method 400 and a component 1020 for performing operation 420 of the example method 400. In one or more other example embodiments, the example apparatus 1000 may further include at least one I / O interface, at least one antenna element, and the like.

[0225] In some example embodiments, examples of components in example apparatus 1000 may include circuitry. For example, one example of component 1010 may include circuitry configured to perform operation 410 of example method 400, and one example of component 1020 may include circuitry configured to perform operation 420 of example method 400. In some example embodiments, examples of components may also include software modules and any other suitable functional entities.

[0226] Fig.11 A block diagram illustrating an example apparatus 1100 for a hierarchical measurement mechanism according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. For example, the apparatus may be at least a part of a third device including the SMF 150 in the above example.

[0227] like Fig.11 As shown, the example apparatus 1100 may include a component 1110 for performing the operation 510 of the example method 500. In one or more other example embodiments, the example apparatus 1100 may further include at least one I / O interface, at least one antenna element, and the like.

[0228] In some example embodiments, examples of components in the example apparatus 1100 may include circuitry. For example, one example of component 1110 may include circuitry configured to perform operation 510 of the example method 5000. In some example embodiments, examples of components may also include software modules and any other suitable functional entities.

[0229] The term "circuitry" throughout this disclosure may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) a pure hardware circuit implementation (such as an implementation in analog and / or digital circuitry only); (b) a combination of hardware circuitry and software, such as (as applicable) (i) a combination of (multiple) analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware, and (ii) any portion of (multiple) hardware processors (including (multiple) digital signal processors), software, and (multiple) memories with software, which work together to cause a device such as a mobile phone or server to perform various functions); and (c) (multiple) hardware circuits and / or (multiple) processors, such as (multiple) microprocessors or portions of (multiple) microprocessors, which require software (e.g., firmware) to operate, but the software may not be present when it is not required for operation. This definition of circuitry applies to one or all uses of the term in this disclosure, including in any claims. As another example, as used in this disclosure, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of only a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its accompanying software and / or firmware. For example, the term circuitry would also cover, if applicable to a claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or a processor integrated circuit for a mobile device, or a similar integrated circuit in a server, cellular network device, or other computing or networking equipment.

[0230] Another example embodiment may involve computer program code or instructions that can cause an apparatus to perform at least the above-described corresponding methods. Another example embodiment may involve a computer-readable medium having such computer program code or instructions stored thereon. In some embodiments, such a computer-readable medium may include at least one storage medium in various forms, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. Volatile memory may include, but is not limited to, for example, RAM, cache, etc. Non-volatile memory may include, but is not limited to, ROM, hard disk, flash memory, etc. Non-volatile memory may also include, but is not limited to, electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared or semiconductor systems, devices, or equipment, or any combination of the above.

[0231] Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, the words "comprise", "comprising", etc. should be interpreted as inclusive, not exclusive or exhaustive; that is, in the sense of "including but not limited to". The word "coupled" as generally used herein refers to two or more elements that can be directly connected or connected through one or more intermediate elements. Similarly, the word "connected" as generally used herein refers to two or more elements that can be directly connected or connected through one or more intermediate elements. In addition, the words "herein", "above", "below" and words of similar meaning used in this application should refer to the entire application, not to any particular part of this application. Where the context permits, words used in the singular or plural in the specification may also include the plural or singular, respectively. The word "or" refers to a list of two or more items, and the word covers all the following interpretations of the word: any item in the list, all items in the list, and any combination of items in the list.

[0232] Furthermore, unless otherwise specifically stated or understood in the context of use, conditional language used herein (such as "can," "could," "might," "may," "eg," "for example," "such as," etc.) is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include and other embodiments do not include certain features, elements, and / or states. Thus, such conditional language generally does not indicate that one or more embodiments require features, elements, and / or states in any way, nor does it indicate that one or more embodiments must include logic for deciding whether to include or perform such features, elements, and / or states in any particular embodiment, with or without author input or prompting.

[0233] As used herein, the term "determine / determining" (and grammatical variations thereof) may include, among other things, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, measuring, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, etc. Furthermore, "determining" may include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory), obtaining, etc. Furthermore, "determine / determining" may include solving, selecting, choosing, establishing, etc.

[0234] Although some embodiments have been described, these embodiments are presented by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In fact, the devices, methods, and systems described herein may be embodied in various other forms; in addition, various omissions, substitutions, and changes may be made to the forms of the methods and systems described herein without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. For example, although the blocks are presented in a given arrangement, alternative embodiments may perform similar functions using different components and / or circuit topologies, and some blocks may be deleted, moved, added, subdivided, combined, and / or modified. At least one of these blocks may be implemented in a variety of different ways. The order of these blocks may also be changed. Any suitable combination of the elements and actions of some of the above-described embodiments may be combined to provide additional embodiments. The attached claims and their equivalents are intended to cover forms or modifications that fall within the scope and spirit of the present disclosure.

[0235] The abbreviations used in the specification and / or drawings are defined as follows:

[0236] AI: Artificial Intelligence

[0237] AMF: Access and Mobility Management Function

[0238] AoA: Angle of Arrival

[0239] AP: Access Point

[0240] BS: Base Station

[0241] CSI: Channel State Information

[0242] CSI-RS: Channel State Information Reference Signal

[0243] DMRS: Demodulation Reference Signal

[0244] JCAS: Joint Communications and Sensing

[0245] LMF: Location Management Function

[0246] LOS: Line of sight

[0247] ML: Machine Learning

[0248] NWDAF: Network Data Analysis Function

[0249] PBCH: Physical Broadcast Channel

[0250] RAN: Radio Access Network

[0251] RF: Radio Frequency

[0252] RS: Reference signal

[0253] RSSI: Received Signal Strength Indicator

[0254] SEN-RS: Sensing Reference Signal

[0255] SMF: Sense Management Function

[0256] SR: Sensing Receiver

[0257] SRS: Sounding Reference Signal

[0258] SS: Synchronous signal

[0259] ST: Sensing transmitter

[0260] STA: Station

[0261] UE: User Equipment

[0262] WLAN: Wireless Local Area Network

Claims

1. A first device in a radio access network, comprising: at least one processor; as well as at least one memory, the at least one memory comprising computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the first device to execute: receiving, from a third device, information indicating one or more reference signal configurations and related events, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations are associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to the first device in the radio access network; as well as One or more events are detected based at least on the one or more reference signal configurations.

2. The first device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the first device to further perform: Capabilities of the first device are sent to the third device, the capabilities comprising at least one of: computing capability, machine learning capability, at least one executable sensing task, device category, and power status.

3. The first device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations include a first reference signal configuration, and the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the first device to further perform: performing measurements on the reference signal received from the second device using the first reference signal configuration, The one or more events are detected based on the measurements.

4. The first device of claim 3, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the first device to further perform: A second reference signal configuration is received from the third device, the second reference signal configuration being associated with the transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device.

5. The first device of claim 3, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations include: A second reference signal configuration associated with the transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device.

6. The first device according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the first device to further perform: upon detecting the one or more events, sending an indication to the second device or the third device indicating the one or more events; and The measurements are performed on the reference signal received from the second device using the second reference signal configuration.

7. The first device of claim 3, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the first device to further perform: upon detecting the one or more events, sending an indication to the third device indicating the one or more events; receiving, from the third device, a second reference signal configuration associated with the transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device; as well as The measurements are performed on the reference signal received from the second device using the second reference signal configuration.

8. The first device according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the first device to further perform: Results of the measurements performed on the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration are reported to the third device.

9. The first device according to any one of claims 4 to 8, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the first device to further perform: upon detecting one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration, or upon receiving an indication from the third device to stop the measurement of the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration, stopping the measurement of the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration, The one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration are detected based on at least one of the first reference signal configuration and the second reference signal configuration.

10. The first device according to any one of claims 4 to 9, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the first device to further perform: Upon detecting the one or more events, the measurement of the reference signal using the first reference signal configuration is stopped.

11. The first device of claim 10, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the first device to further perform: Upon detecting one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration, or upon receiving an indication from the third device to stop the measurement of the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration, resuming the measurement of the reference signal using the first reference signal configuration.

12. The first device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the first device comprises a sensing receiver, the second device comprises a sensing transmitter, the third device comprises a session management function, and the reference signal is a sensing reference signal.

13. A second device in a radio access network, comprising: at least one processor; as well as at least one memory, the at least one memory comprising computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the second device to execute: obtaining information indicating one or more reference signal configurations and related events, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations are associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to a first device in the radio access network, and the one or more reference signal configurations include at least a first reference signal configuration; as well as The reference signal is sent to the first device using the first reference signal configuration.

14. The second device of claim 13, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the second device to further perform: A second reference signal configuration associated with the transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device is received from a third device.

15. The second device of claim 14, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the second device to further perform: receiving an indication from the first device indicating one or more events; and In response to receiving the indication, the reference signal is sent to the first device using the second reference signal configuration.

16. The second device of claim 14, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the second device to further perform: receiving, from the third device, a request to send the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration; and The reference signal is sent to the first device using the second reference signal configuration.

17. The second device of claim 13, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the second device to further perform: receiving, from the third device, a request for a second reference signal configuration associated with the transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device; Sending the second reference signal configuration to the third device; as well as The reference signal is sent to the first device using the second reference signal configuration.

18. The second device according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the second device to further perform: In response to receiving an indication from the first device indicating one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration, or receiving an indication from the third device to stop transmitting the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration, stopping transmitting the reference signal to the first device using the second reference signal configuration.

19. The second device according to any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein the first device comprises a sensing receiver, the second device comprises a sensing transmitter, the third device comprises a session management function, and the reference signal is a sensing reference signal.

20. A third device, comprising: at least one processor; as well as at least one memory, the at least one memory comprising computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the third device to execute: Information indicating one or more reference signal configurations and related events is sent to a first device in a radio access network, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations are associated with transmission of a reference signal from a second device in the radio access network to the first device.

21. The third device of claim 20, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the third device to further perform: receiving, from the first device, capabilities of the first device, the capabilities comprising at least one of: computing capabilities, machine learning capabilities, at least one executable sensing task, a device category, and a power state, The information is determined based at least on the received capabilities.

22. The third device according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations include: A second reference signal configuration associated with the transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device in the radio access network.

23. The third device according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the third device to further execute: A second reference signal configuration associated with the transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device is sent to the first device and the second device, respectively.

24. The third device of claim 23, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the third device to further perform: receiving an indication from the first device indicating one or more events; and In response to receiving the indication, a request is sent to the second device to send the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration.

25. The third device according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the third device to further execute: receiving an indication from the first device indicating one or more events; in response to receiving the indication, sending to the second device a request for a second reference signal configuration associated with the transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device; receiving the second reference signal configuration from the second device; as well as The second reference signal configuration is sent to the first device.

26. The third device according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the third device to further perform: receiving an indication from the first device indicating one or more events; and In response to receiving the indication, a second reference signal configuration associated with the transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device is sent to the first device and the second device, respectively.

27. The third device according to any one of claims 20 to 26, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the third device to further perform: receiving, from the first device, results of measurements performed on the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration; When one or more events associated with a first reference signal configuration are detected based at least on the result of the measurement, sending an indication to the first device to stop the measurement of the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration; and An indication is sent to the second device to stop the transmission of the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration.

28. The third device according to any one of claims 20 to 27, wherein the first device comprises a sensing receiver, the second device comprises a sensing transmitter, the third device comprises a session management function, and the reference signal is a sensing reference signal.

29. A method performed by a first device in a radio access network, comprising: receiving, from a third device, information indicating one or more reference signal configurations and related events, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations are associated with transmission of a reference signal from a second device in the radio access network to the first device; as well as One or more events are detected based at least on the one or more reference signal configurations.

30. The method of claim 29, further comprising: Capabilities of the first device are sent to the third device, the capabilities comprising at least one of: computing capability, machine learning capability, at least one executable sensing task, device category, and power status.

31. The method of claim 29 or 30, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations include a first reference signal configuration, and the method further comprises: performing measurements on the reference signal received from the second device using the first reference signal configuration, The one or more events are detected based on the measurements.

32. The method of claim 31 further comprising: A second reference signal configuration associated with the transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device is received from the third device.

33. The method of claim 31 , wherein the one or more reference signal configurations include: A second reference signal configuration associated with the transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device.

34. The method according to claim 32 or 33, further comprising: upon detecting the one or more events, sending an indication to the second device or the third device indicating the one or more events; as well as The measurements are performed on the reference signal received from the second device using the second reference signal configuration.

35. The method of claim 31 , further comprising: upon detecting the one or more events, sending an indication to the third device indicating the one or more events; receiving, from the third device, a second reference signal configuration associated with the transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device; as well as The measurements are performed on the reference signal received from the second device using the second reference signal configuration.

36. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 35, further comprising: Results of the measurements performed on the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration are reported to the third device.

37. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 36, further comprising: upon detecting one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration, or upon receiving an indication from the third device to stop the measurement of the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration, stopping the measurement of the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration, The one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration are detected based on at least one of the first reference signal configuration and the second reference signal configuration.

38. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 37, further comprising: Upon detecting the one or more events, the measurement of the reference signal using the first reference signal configuration is stopped.

39. The method of claim 38, further comprising: Upon detecting one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration, or upon receiving an indication from the third device to stop the measurement of the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration, resuming the measurement of the reference signal using the first reference signal configuration.

40. The method of any one of claims 29 to 39, wherein the first device comprises a sensing receiver, the second device comprises a sensing transmitter, the third device comprises a session management function, and the reference signal is a sensing reference signal.

41. A method performed by a second device in a radio access network, comprising: obtaining information indicating one or more reference signal configurations and related events, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations are associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to a first device in the radio access network, and the one or more reference signal configurations include at least a first reference signal configuration; as well as The reference signal is sent to the first device using the first reference signal configuration.

42. The method of claim 41 further comprising: A second reference signal configuration associated with the transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device is received from a third device.

43. The method of claim 42, further comprising: receiving an indication from the first device indicating one or more events; as well as In response to receiving the indication, the reference signal is sent to the first device using the second reference signal configuration.

44. The method of claim 42, further comprising: receiving, from the third device, a request to send the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration; as well as The reference signal is sent to the first device using the second reference signal configuration.

45. The method of claim 41, further comprising: receiving, from the third device, a request for a second reference signal configuration associated with the transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device; Sending the second reference signal configuration to the third device; as well as The reference signal is sent to the first device using the second reference signal configuration.

46. ​​The method according to any one of claims 43 to 45, further comprising: In response to receiving an indication from the first device indicating one or more events associated with the first reference signal configuration, or receiving an indication from the third device to stop transmitting the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration, stopping transmitting the reference signal to the first device using the second reference signal configuration.

47. The method of any one of claims 42 to 46, wherein the first device comprises a sensing receiver, the second device comprises a sensing transmitter, the third device comprises a session management function, and the reference signal is a sensing reference signal.

48. A method performed by a third device, comprising: Information indicating one or more reference signal configurations and related events is sent to a first device in a radio access network, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations are associated with transmission of a reference signal from a second device in the radio access network to the first device.

49. The method of claim 48, further comprising: receiving, from the first device, capabilities of the first device, the capabilities comprising at least one of: computing capabilities, machine learning capabilities, at least one executable sensing task, a device category, and a power state, The information is determined based at least on the received capabilities.

50. The method of claim 48 or 49, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations include: A second reference signal configuration associated with the transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device in the radio access network.

51. The method of claim 48 or 49, further comprising: A second reference signal configuration associated with the transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device is sent to the first device and the second device, respectively.

52. The method of claim 51 further comprising: receiving an indication from the first device indicating one or more events, and In response to receiving the indication, a request is sent to the second device to send the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration.

53. The method of claim 48 or 49, further comprising: receiving an indication from the first device indicating one or more events; in response to receiving the indication, sending to the second device a request for a second reference signal configuration associated with the transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device; receiving the second reference signal configuration from the second device; as well as The second reference signal configuration is sent to the first device.

54. The method of claim 48 or 49, further comprising: receiving an indication from the first device indicating one or more events; as well as In response to receiving the indication, a second reference signal configuration associated with the transmission of the reference signal from the second device to the first device is sent to the first device and the second device, respectively.

55. The method according to any one of claims 48 to 54, further comprising: receiving, from the first device, results of measurements performed on the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration; When one or more events associated with a first reference signal configuration are detected based at least on the result of the measurement, sending an indication to the first device to stop the measurement of the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration; and An indication is sent to the second device to stop the transmission of the reference signal using the second reference signal configuration.

56. A method according to any one of claims 48 to 55, wherein the first device comprises a sensing receiver, the second device comprises a sensing transmitter, the third device comprises a session management function, and the reference signal is a sensing reference signal.

57. An apparatus as a first device in a radio access network, comprising: means for receiving information indicating one or more reference signal configurations and related events from a third device, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations are associated with transmission of a reference signal from a second device in the radio access network to the first device; as well as Means for detecting one or more events based at least on the one or more reference signal configurations.

58. An apparatus as a second device in a radio access network, comprising: means for acquiring information indicative of one or more reference signal configurations and related events, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations are associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to a first device in the radio access network, and the one or more reference signal configurations include at least a first reference signal configuration, and Means for sending the reference signal to the first device using the first reference signal configuration.

59. An apparatus as a third device, comprising: Means for sending information indicating one or more reference signal configurations and related events to a first device in a radio access network, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations are associated with transmission of a reference signal from a second device in the radio access network to the first device.

60. A computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing a first device in a radio access network to: receiving, from a third device, information indicating one or more reference signal configurations and related events, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations are associated with transmission of a reference signal from a second device in the radio access network to the first device; and One or more events are detected based at least on the one or more reference signal configurations.

61. A computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing a second device in a radio access network to: obtaining information indicating one or more reference signal configurations and related events, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations are associated with transmission of a reference signal from the second device to a first device in the radio access network, and the one or more reference signal configurations include at least a first reference signal configuration; and The reference signal is sent to the first device using the first reference signal configuration.

62. A computer-readable medium comprising program instructions for causing a third device to: Information indicating one or more reference signal configurations and related events is sent to a first device in a radio access network, wherein the one or more reference signal configurations are associated with transmission of a reference signal from a second device in the radio access network to the first device.

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