A method for cutting propagation and seedling raising of Codonopsis lanceolata subsp. ussuriensis

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for raising seedlings by cuttings of red ginseng, and relates to the technical field of raising seedlings of red ginseng. The method for raising seedlings by cuttings of red ginseng mainly comprises the following steps: preparing a mixed soaking liquid of 6-BA, NAA, salicylic acid, ethyl isothiocyanate, and potassium citrate to soak the cutting branches; providing a cutting matrix compounded with coffee husk fermentation material, garden soil, vermiculite, and organic fertilizer, and watering the red ginseng with lisianthus extract after cutting. The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art, effectively improves the survival rate of red ginseng in the early stage of cuttings, and promotes the growth of red ginseng after cuttings, comprehensively improves the seedling rate of red ginseng seedlings, and realizes large-scale red ginseng seedlings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of Codonopsis lanceolata seedling raising, and specifically relates to a cutting seedling raising method for Codonopsis lanceolata. Background Art

[0002] Codonopsis lanceolata belongs to the genus Campanumoea of the family Campanulaceae, and has synonyms such as Campanumoea lancifolia, Codonopsis lanceolata var. lancifolia, Gomphogyne heterophylla, Campanumoea javanica, and Heuchera americana; wild Codonopsis lanceolata is distributed in countries such as China, the Philippines, and Vietnam; in China, Codonopsis lanceolata is distributed in forests, shrubs, and grasslands below 1500 m above sea level in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, and Guangxi; the fruit of Codonopsis lanceolata is a berry, spherical, with a transverse diameter of about 2.0 - 2.7 cm, 4 - 6 chambers, green when young, occasionally milky white, and when mature, the pericarp and pulp are purple-black and purplish-red respectively due to the difference in anthocyanin content, and the root of Codonopsis lanceolata is a commonly used Chinese medicinal material for replenishing qi and tonifying deficiency, and the fruit has the effects of moistening the lungs, relieving cough, nourishing, regulating qi, tonifying deficiency, and dispelling stasis and relieving pain. It is a wild creeping evergreen plant integrating medicinal and edible values, and has been widely praised by the market in recent years. On this basis, the artificial cultivation of Codonopsis lanceolata has good economic prospects.

[0003] Currently, the main planting method of Codonopsis lanceolata is to plant Codonopsis lanceolata seedlings, and the Codonopsis lanceolata seedlings mainly include several methods such as seedling raising, tissue culture seedling raising, and cutting seedling raising. Among them, seedling raising takes a relatively long time, and tissue culture seedling raising has a relatively high cost, and general farmers cannot carry out such seedling raising treatments. Although the existing cutting seedling raising of Codonopsis lanceolata has a relatively low cost, the overall cutting survival rate is also very low, and the overall growth condition of the survived branches is also poor. It generally takes 3 - 5 months to reach the standard of transplanting seedlings, and the overall cultivation is relatively cumbersome, and it is difficult to carry out large-scale seedling production. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a cutting seedling raising method for Codonopsis lanceolata, which effectively improves the survival rate in the initial stage of cutting Codonopsis lanceolata, and promotes the growth after cutting Codonopsis lanceolata, comprehensively improves the seedling formation rate of Codonopsis lanceolata seedling raising, and realizes large-scale Codonopsis lanceolata seedling raising.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A cutting seedling raising method for Codonopsis lanceolata, the cutting seedling raising method includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Prepare a soaking solution according to the following formula: 6 - BA 20 - 40 mg / L, NAA 12 - 18 mg / L, salicylic acid 15 - 30 μL / L, ethyl isothiocyanate 20 - 30 mg / L, potassium citrate 40 - 60 mg / L, and the rest is water;

[0008] S2. Prepare the cutting medium according to the following weight parts: 10-15 parts of coffee husk fermentation material, 6-10 parts of garden soil, 4-8 parts of vermiculite, and 10-15 parts of organic fertilizer;

[0009] S3, red ginseng branch processing: select red ginseng branches for pruning, retain two stalks and control the length to 8-12cm, and obtain cutting branches for standby use;

[0010] S4, pretreatment of cuttings: soak the cuttings in a soaking solution at room temperature for 20-30 minutes, then take them out and place them naturally for 2-8 hours, and prepare the pretreated cuttings for use;

[0011] S5. Cutting treatment: Cut the pretreated cuttings into the cutting medium, and use the Eustoma grandiflorum extract to irrigate the medium thoroughly. Then, water it with clean water in time to keep the moisture content of the medium at 60%-70%.

[0012] Preferably, the method for preparing the coffee husk fermentation material in step S2 comprises the following steps:

[0013] S2-1, rinse the coffee husk with clean water, then mix with 2-3 times the volume of clean water, stir, add pectinase and cellulase, stir and enzymolyze for 40-60 minutes, and obtain pretreated coffee husk for use;

[0014] S2-2, adding lactic acid bacteria and yeast to the pretreated coffee husks, fermenting for 3-5 hours, and obtaining a preliminary fermented material for later use;

[0015] S2-3, drying the preliminary fermented material at 35-40°C to a moisture content of ≤12%, steaming it for 30-40 minutes, and then microwave drying it to obtain coffee husk fermented material.

[0016] Preferably, the amount of pectinase and cellulase added in step S2-1 is 0.1%-0.2% of the total mass of the coffee husk.

[0017] Preferably, the viable count of lactic acid bacteria and yeast in step S2-2 is 10 10 -10 11 / g, and the amount of lactic acid bacteria added is 0.2%-0.4% of the total mass of the coffee husk, and the amount of yeast added is 0.1%-0.2% of the total mass of the coffee husk.

[0018] Preferably, the steaming temperature in step S2-3 is 110-120°C, and the microwave drying temperature is 100°C, and the drying is performed to a water content of ≤8%.

[0019] Preferably, during pruning in step S3, cut at 2-3 cm above the upper node stalk and 4-5 cm below the lower node stalk, and remove the redundant leaves at the lower end. Keep 1-3 small leaves at the upper end. If the leaves are too large, keep 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the leaves.

[0020] Preferably, in step S5, before cutting the branches for cutting, spray 0.5% potassium permanganate solution on the cutting substrate, cover it with a film and fumigate for 3-5 days, then uncover the film and expose it to the sun for 1-2 days before cutting, and choose to cut at 9-12 o'clock at night.

[0021] Preferably, in step S5, the eustoma extract is obtained by washing fresh eustoma, disinfecting it with ultraviolet light, adding 5-10 times of clear water, grinding it into a pulp, and then pressing and filtering the filtrate to obtain the eustoma extract.

[0022] Preferably, in S5, set up a sunshade net during cutting to control the shading rate at 60%-80%.

[0023] The present invention provides a method for cutting and raising seedlings of Codonopsis lanceolata var. ussuriensis, and the advantages compared with the prior art are as follows:

[0024] In the present invention, the cut branches of Codonopsis lanceolata var. ussuriensis are soaked short-term with auxin mixed with salicylic acid, ethyl isothiocyanate and potassium citrate, which effectively improves the growth activity of the branches, promotes the survival rate of subsequent cuttings, and further prevents the cut branches from rotting and discoloring after cutting; at the same time, using coffee husk fermentation material, garden soil, vermiculite and organic fertilizer as the cutting substrate can further promote the survival rate of cuttings and shorten the time for Codonopsis lanceolata var. ussuriensis seedlings to become seedlings, providing a good basis for large-scale cutting and raising seedlings of Codonopsis lanceolata var. ussuriensis. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of pruning and soaking the branches of Codonopsis lanceolata var. ussuriensis in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of filling the cutting substrate into cups in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of cutting Codonopsis lanceolata var. ussuriensis in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the next day after cutting Codonopsis lanceolata var. ussuriensis in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the survival situation of the experimental group 8 (left) and the experimental group 1 (right) after 7 days of cutting in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the growth situation of Codonopsis lanceolata var. ussuriensis after 45 days of cutting in the experimental group 1 and the experimental groups 3-8 in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the growth conditions of experimental groups 1, 3, 7, and 8 after 60 days of cutting in the embodiments of the present invention. Specific implementation manners

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, rather than all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] The lactic acid bacteria used in the following examples were purchased from Shandong Xinzhuoyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with a viable count of 10 10 CFU / g and a product number of RS-100; the yeast was purchased from Xi'an Xinlu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with a viable count of 2×10 10 CFU / g and a product number of 0408-14. Example 1:

[0034] 1. Set different soaking solutions with reference to Table 1 below:

[0035] Table 1

[0036]

[0037] 2. Preparation of coffee husk material:

[0038] 2.1 Coffee husk material A:

[0039] (1) After rinsing the coffee husks with clean water, mix with 2 volumes of clean water, stir, and add 0.1% of pectinase and cellulase based on the total mass of the coffee husks, and stir and enzymatically hydrolyze for 60 minutes to obtain pretreated coffee husks for standby;

[0040] (2) Add 0.2% of lactic acid bacteria based on the total mass of the coffee husks and 0.1% of yeast based on the total mass of the coffee husks to the above-mentioned pretreated coffee husks, and ferment for 5 hours to obtain a preliminarily fermented material for standby;

[0041] (3) Dry the above-mentioned preliminarily fermented material at 35°C until the water content ≤ 12%, then steam at 110°C for 40 minutes, and then microwave dry at 100°C until the water content ≤ 8% to obtain coffee husk material A.

[0042] 2.2 Coffee husk material B:

[0043] (1)After rinsing the coffee husks with clear water, mix them with 3 times the volume of clear water, stir, add pectinase and cellulase accounting for 0.2% of the total mass of the coffee husks, and stir and enzymatically hydrolyze for 40 minutes to obtain pretreated coffee husks for standby;

[0044] (2)Add lactic acid bacteria accounting for 0.4% of the total mass of the coffee husks and yeast accounting for 0.2% of the total mass of the coffee husks to the above-mentioned pretreated coffee husks, and ferment for 3 hours to obtain the preliminarily fermented material for standby;

[0045] (3)Dry the above-mentioned preliminarily fermented material at 40 °C until the water content ≤ 12%, then steam it at 120 °C for 30 minutes, and then microwave dry it at 100 °C until the water content ≤ 8% to obtain coffee husk material B.

[0046] 2.3. Coffee husk material C:

[0047] (1)After rinsing the coffee husks with clear water, mix them with 2 times the volume of clear water, stir, add pectinase and cellulase accounting for 0.1% of the total mass of the coffee husks, and stir and enzymatically hydrolyze for 60 minutes to obtain pretreated coffee husks for standby;

[0048] (2)Dry the above-mentioned pretreated coffee husks at 35 °C until the water content ≤ 12%, then steam them at 110 °C for 40 minutes, and then microwave dry them at 100 °C until the water content ≤ 8% to obtain coffee husk material C.

[0049] 2.4. Coffee husk material D:

[0050] (1)After rinsing the coffee husks with clear water, mix them with 2 times the volume of clear water, stir, add pectinase and cellulase accounting for 0.1% of the total mass of the coffee husks, and stir and enzymatically hydrolyze for 60 minutes to obtain pretreated coffee husks for standby;

[0051] (2)Add lactic acid bacteria accounting for 0.2% of the total mass of the coffee husks and yeast accounting for 0.1% of the total mass of the coffee husks to the above-mentioned pretreated coffee husks, and ferment for 5 hours to obtain the preliminarily fermented material for standby;

[0052] (3)Dry the above-mentioned preliminarily fermented material at 35 °C until the water content ≤ 12%, and then microwave dry it at 100 °C until the water content ≤ 8% to obtain coffee husk material D.

[0053] 3. Preparation of the cutting medium:

[0054] Prepare different cutting media for each group by mixing the substances in the following Table 2 by mass parts (where the organic fertilizer is the retted sheep manure fertilizer):

[0055] Table 2

[0056]

[0057] 4. Preparation of Eustoma grandiflorum extract:

[0058] Wash the fresh Eustoma grandiflorum and disinfect it under ultraviolet light, then add 8 times the amount of water and grind it into a pulp. The filtrate obtained by pressing and filtering is the Eustoma grandiflorum extract. Example 2:

[0059] Cutting and seedling raising of Codonopsis lanceolata var. sessilifolia:

[0060] (1) Select the branches of Codonopsis lanceolata var. sessilifolia in the current year for pruning, retaining two node stalks. When pruning, cut at 2 - 3 cm above the upper node stalk and at 4 - 5 cm below the lower node stalk, control the total length at 10 - 12 cm, and cut off the redundant leaves at the lower end. Retain 1 - 3 small leaves at the upper end. If the leaves are too large, retain 1 / 3 - 1 / 2 of the leaves to obtain the cuttings for standby;

[0061] (2) Immerse the cuttings in the soaking solution at room temperature for 25 ± 5 min, then take them out and let them stand naturally for 1 - 2 h to obtain the pre - treated cuttings for standby;

[0062] (3) Spray the cutting substrate with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution, cover it with a film and fumigate it for 4 d, then uncover the film and expose it to the sun for 2 d, and then put it into the seedling - raising cups made of non - woven fabric, controlling the depth of the cutting substrate in the cups at 12 - 15 cm;

[0063] (4) Build a sunshade shed, control the shading rate at 70%, and then insert the cuttings into the substrate in the seedling - raising cups from 9 to 12 o'clock at night, retaining the upper node stalk more than 2 cm above the substrate. Pour through the nutrient solution, and then timely pour water to keep the water content of the substrate at 60% - 70%.

[0064] Experimental detection:

[0065] Refer to the cutting and seedling - raising method in Example 2 above, set 8 groups of cutting experimental groups, with 200 cuttings in each group. Conduct the cutting experiment in Matang Town, Yunnan County on March 28, 2024, and the cutting conditions for each group are as shown in Table 3 below:

[0066] Table 3

[0067]

[0068] Detect the survival rates of each group of cuttings at 7 d, 30 d, and 60 d. The specific results are shown in Table 4 below:

[0069] Table 4

[0070]

[0071] As can be seen from the above table, the cuttings of Codonopsis lanceolata var. sessilifolia in Experimental Group 1 and Experimental Group 2 have relatively high survival rates within 60 d.

[0072] Taking the growth height of Codonopsis lanceolata after cutting reaching more than 15 cm as the seedling formation, record the seedling formation rates of each experimental group at 45 days, 60 days, and 90 days after cutting (seedling formation rate = total number of seedlings formed / total number of surviving seedlings). The specific results are shown in Table 5 below:

[0073] Table 5

[0074]

[0075] As can be seen from Table 5 above, Experimental Group 1 and Experimental Group 2 can effectively promote the seedling formation of Codonopsis lanceolata in the short term after cutting and shorten the cutting seedling raising cycle.

[0076] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for raising seedlings of red ginseng by cuttings, characterized in that: The cutting seedling raising method comprises the following steps: S1. Prepare the soaking solution according to the following formula: 6-BA 20-40 mg / L, NAA 12-18 mg / L, salicylic acid 15-30 μL / L, ethyl isothiocyanate 20-30 mg / L, potassium citrate 40-60 mg / L, and the rest is clean water; S2. Prepare the cutting medium according to the following weight parts: 10-15 parts of coffee husk fermentation material, 6-10 parts of garden soil, 4-8 parts of vermiculite, and 10-15 parts of organic fertilizer; The preparation method of coffee husk fermentation material comprises the following steps: S2-1, rinse the coffee husk with clean water, mix it with 2-3 times the volume of clean water, stir it, add pectinase and cellulase, stir it and perform enzymolysis for 40-60 minutes, and obtain pretreated coffee husk for use; S2-2, adding lactic acid bacteria and yeast to the pretreated coffee husks, fermenting for 3-5 hours, and obtaining a preliminary fermented material for later use; S2-3, drying the preliminary fermented material at 35-40° C. to a moisture content of ≤12%, then steaming for 30-40 min, and then microwave drying to obtain a coffee husk fermented material; S3, red ginseng branch processing: select red ginseng branches for pruning, retain two stalks and control the length to 8-12cm, and obtain cutting branches for standby use; S4, pretreatment of cuttings: soak the cuttings in a soaking solution at room temperature for 20-30 minutes, then take them out and place them naturally for 1-2 hours, and then prepare the pretreated cuttings for use; S5. Cutting treatment: Cut the pretreated cuttings into the cutting medium, and use the Eustoma grandiflorum extract to irrigate the medium thoroughly. Then, water it with clean water in time to keep the moisture content of the medium at 60%-70%.

2. The method for raising seedlings by cuttings according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2-1, the amount of pectinase and cellulase added is 0.1%-0.2% of the total mass of the coffee husk.

3. The cutting seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the number of viable bacteria of lactic acid bacteria and yeast in step S2-2 is 10 10 -10 11 / g, and the amount of lactic acid bacteria added is 0.2%-0.4% of the total mass of the coffee husk, and the amount of yeast added is 0.1%-0.2% of the total mass of the coffee husk.

4. The cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the steaming temperature in step S2-3 is 110-120°C, and the microwave drying temperature is 100°C, and the seeds are dried to a moisture content of ≤8%.

5. The cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: when pruning in step S3, the branches are cut 2-3 cm above the upper node stalk and 4-5 cm below the lower node stalk, and the excess leaves at the lower end are cut off, and 1-3 leaflets are retained at the upper end. If the leaves are too large, 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the leaves are retained.

6. the method for raising seedlings by cuttings according to claim 1, and is characterized in that: in the described step S5, before branch cuttage, the cutting medium is first sprayed with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution and then covered with film for fumigation treatment for 3-5d, and then the film is removed and exposed to the sun for 1-2d before cutting, and when cutting, 9-12 o'clock at night is selected to carry out.

7. The cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S5, the eustoma extract is prepared by washing fresh eustoma, sterilizing it with ultraviolet light, adding 5-10 times of clean water, grinding it into a slurry, and then squeezing and filtering the filtrate to obtain the eustoma extract.

8. The cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: a sunshade net is set during the cutting in S5 to control the shading rate to be 60%-80%.

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