Late-matured mango two-crop cultivation pattern

Abstract

The application discloses a four-year two-crop cultivation mode of late-mature mangoes and belongs to the technical field of fruit planting and cultivation. The four-year two-crop cultivation mode of late-mature mangoes adopts a four-year two-crop cultivation mode to plant late-mature mangoes; the four-year two-crop cultivation mode is that, in each four years, strong and fruiting mother branches are cultivated in the first year and the third year respectively, and mango fruits are harvested in the second year and the fourth year respectively. The four-year two-crop cultivation mode of the late-mature mangoes at an altitude of 1500-1800m has advantages in commodity fruit rate and price, can be standardized to produce, is convenient to manage and is convenient for orchard operation; the four-year two-crop cultivation mode of the late-mature mangoes at an altitude of 1500-1800m in the dry-hot valley area of the Jinsha River can effectively solve the problems caused by the one-year one-crop cultivation mode of the late-mature mangoes and overcome the defects of the prior art.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of fruit planting and cultivation, and particularly relates to a four-year two-crop cultivation mode of late-mature mango. BACKGROUND

[0002] Panzhihua is located at the junction of the Sichuan-Yunnan section of the Panxi large rift valley, and is full of mountains, with the terrain being high in the northwest and low in the southeast, and the altitude difference being great, with a general relative height difference of 1500-2000 meters. Due to the unique geographical location of Panzhihua City, a unique island-shaped three-dimensional climate with a base band of south subtropical climate is formed. The growth environment of mango is related to the altitude, and generally, mango is suitable for planting in an area with an altitude of 300-1500 meters, and the growth and development of mango will be affected by too high or too low altitude. Mango is one of the characteristic tropical fruits in Panzhihua City, and the planting area of mango in the city is increasing year by year. Based on the unique geographical and climatic conditions of Panzhihua City, the planting site of mango in Panzhihua City is distributed in an area with an altitude of 900-1800 meters, which is higher than that in other areas.

[0003] The existing cultivation mode of mango is “one crop per year”. In the Jinshajiang dry-hot valley below an altitude of 1500 meters, the soil types are various and the mineral elements are rich, and the Jinshajiang River and the Yalong River provide convenient irrigation conditions for mango planting. The cultivation mode of “one crop per year” is used to plant late-mature mango in the Jinshajiang dry-hot valley below an altitude of 1500 meters, which has the characteristics of high yield and good fruit quality, and has market advantages and good economic value. In the Jinshajiang dry-hot valley area with an altitude of 1500-1800 meters, compared with the low-altitude valley area below 1500 meters, the average annual temperature is moderate and the annual accumulated temperature is low. Due to the relative lack of heat in this area, it will lead to slow mango germination, small branch growth, and small mango tree nutrient growth. The cultivation mode of “one crop per year” for planting late-mature mango cannot guarantee high-quality output. At the same time, due to the low yield and poor fruit quality, the mango produced in the altitude of 1500-1800 meters also does not have market advantages, and cannot bring high economic value.

[0004] In the dry-hot valley area of Jinshajiang River below 1500m, the temperature rises fast in early spring, but the temperature is unstable, mangoes are easy to be damaged by cold in this period, resulting in flower and fruit falling; at the same time, due to the pruning of late-maturing mangoes after fruit picking, it will lead to more difficult fruiting next year. Therefore, the existing late-maturing mangoes are planted by using the cultivation mode of "one year one mature", generally before February 20 every year, the flower buds are removed, and at the same time, the rotation pruning and limited fruiting mode is used, the short branches cut in the current year are cultured as autumn shoots, which are used as fruiting branches in the next year, so as to realize continuous high yield and stable yield, delay the flowering period of Kate mango, avoid the adverse weather in the flowering period, improve the fruit setting rate, so as to achieve the purpose of uniform flowering, concentrated maturity and delayed maturity. The rotation pruning can be carried out twice after fruit picking and in summer, the main pruning after fruit picking is to mainly retract pruning, and the main pruning in summer is to adjust the fruiting branches. The late-maturing mangoes are limited to fruiting. The pruning amount is 30% of the total branch amount, the pruning period is after the second physiological fruit falling (early May), and the pruning method is to short cut the unflowering branches and the branches with unsteady fruit setting after fruit picking, and the trees with too much fruit can be properly pruned part of the fruiting branches. However, the cultivation mode of "one year one mature" will lead to the overlap of phenophase, which is manifested as the appearance of multiple phenophases in the same period on the same tree, such as the synchronization of new shoots and fruit growth period, and the competition between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. In terms of nutrient supplement, it is difficult to consider the axillary bud germination, young leaf development, branch elongation and fruit enlargement at the same time, and it is not convenient to accurately fertilize and manage, and it is easy to cause physiological diseases such as "sugar core", "black core" and "fetal germination" due to improper fertilization; in terms of disease and pest control, it is easy to cause pesticide damage due to improper spraying, and the cost of pesticide use is increased.

[0005] In the dry-hot valley area of Jinshajiang River below 1500m, the economic benefit brought by the cultivation mode of "one year one mature" is far higher than the input cost, so the problems of the overlap of phenophase and high cost of disease and pest control brought by the cultivation mode of "one year one mature" can be ignored. However, in the dry-hot valley area of Jinshajiang River at high altitude of 1500-1800m, the cultivation mode of "one year one mature" not only has the problems of the overlap of phenophase and high cost of disease and pest control, but also has the problem of mango tree growth caused by the temperature characteristics of high altitude area, and the economic benefit obtained by farmers by using the cultivation mode of "one year one mature" to plant mangoes in the dry-hot valley area of Jinshajiang River at high altitude of 1500-1800m is low, and the input and output are not proportional. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new late-maturing mango cultivation mode suitable for the dry-hot valley area of Jinshajiang River at high altitude of 1500-1800m to solve the problem of late-maturing mango planting in the dry-hot valley area of Jinshajiang River at high altitude of 1500-1800m. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application aims to solve the problem that the existing late-mature mango 'one harvest per year' cultivation mode is not suitable for the dry-hot valley area of Jinshajiang River with an altitude of 1500-1800m.

[0007] To achieve the above application purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0008] The late-mature mango four-year two-harvest cultivation mode adopts the 'four-year two-harvest' cultivation mode for planting late-mature mangoes; the 'four-year two-harvest' cultivation mode is as follows: in each four years, the healthy fruiting mother branches are cultivated intensively in the first year and the third year, and the mango fruits are harvested once in the second year and the fourth year.

[0009] The above-mentioned 'four-year two-harvest' cultivation mode specifically includes the following steps:

[0010] S1 the first year: within 10-15 days before and after the Chinese New Year, the intensive buds on the first or second auxiliary main branches of the high-yield trees that bore fruits in the previous year are cut short, and the new buds are grown to the second top after maturing, and then the branches are determined and left to cultivate the fruiting mother branches in the second year;

[0011] S2 the second year: within 5-10 days before and after the Chinese New Year, the short-cutting is performed on the sparse buds at the top of the fruiting mother branches, and the first blooming flowers are pruned to cultivate the second flowers;

[0012] S3 the third year: within 5-15 days before and after the Chinese New Year, the fruiting mother branches are pruned, the fruiting branches on the outer periphery of the middle and upper parts are cut short at the sparse buds above the first top, the fruiting branches in the inner hall of the middle part are cut short at the sparse buds above the second top, and the new buds are grown to the second top after maturing, and then the branches are determined and left to cultivate the fruiting mother branches in the fourth year;

[0013] S4 the fourth year: within 5-10 days before and after the Chinese New Year, the short-cutting is performed on the intensive buds at the top of the fruiting mother branches, and the first blooming flowers are pruned to cultivate the second flowers, and the cultivation techniques in the next year are the same as those in the first year.

[0014] Further, in the steps S1 or S3 of the above-mentioned 'four-year two-harvest' cultivation mode, the wound surface after short-cutting is evenly coated with a wound coating agent, and the tree trunk and main branches are evenly coated with a white coating agent.

[0015] Further, in the steps S1 or S3 of the above-mentioned 'four-year two-harvest' cultivation mode, the pruning is followed by the timely application of a compound fertilizer with balanced N, P and K and water irrigation.

[0016] Further, in the steps S1 or S3 of the above-mentioned 'four-year two-harvest' cultivation mode, the number and direction of the branches to be determined and left are set according to the actual situation, and good ventilation and light transmission are ensured.

[0017] Further, three branches with staggered upper and lower positions and uniform angle distribution in the later selected orientation are not subjected to any shortening treatment, and the three branches are cultivated to promote their lengthening and thickening growth, and each branch sprouts 3-5 pinnacles per year to be cultivated into the fruiting mother branches of the next year.

[0018] Further, in step S1, the pinnacles have a length of 1.2-1.4 m; and in step S3, the pinnacles have a length of 1.0-1.4 m.

[0019] Further, after the fruiting mother branches growing vertically stop growing in the autumn, the angle between the fruiting mother branches and the main stem is corrected to 45-60 degrees; and the fruiting mother branches that are too long are fixed by erecting a column and a frame before the flowering period.

[0020] Further, in the cultivation mode of the four-year two-crop, in step S2 or S4, after fruit setting, the diseased, deformed and other substandard fruits are removed, and the fruiting is not limited, and after fruit picking in the autumn and winter, no pruning is performed.

[0021] Further, in the cultivation mode of the four-year two-crop, in step S4, after fruit picking, organic fertilizer or decomposed farmyard manure is applied in time, and a large amount of element fertilizer and trace element fertilizer is applied, and 30-40 kg of fertilizer is applied per plant.

[0022] Beneficial effects: the present application particularly proposes a shaping and pruning technology, develops a four-year two-crop cultivation mode of late-maturing mangoes suitable for the dry-hot valley area of the Jinshajiang River with an altitude of 1500-1800 m, and has the following advantages:

[0023] Firstly, the tree shape structure can be maintained. Shortening the branches not only helps to control the tree height, maintain a good tree shape structure, facilitate blooming, ventilation, light transmission and good air permeability, and thus improve the fruit quality and the fruit setting rate in the second year, but also removes the perennial fruiting branches, so as to avoid the perennial branches from flowering and fruiting, and thus prevent the fruits from maturing in advance and losing the price advantage of late-maturing.

[0024] Secondly, the phenophase of the mango trees can be concentrated and unified, and the cultivation management is facilitated. Pruning the perennial fruiting branches and cultivating the new pinnacles can avoid the competition for nutrients between the young leaves, new pinnacles and fruits at the same period, and can make the budding and pinnacle growth synchronous, so as to concentrate the cultivation of the new pinnacles and the fruiting mother branches, and make the branch pinnacles grow in order, which is beneficial to the unified phenophase, and facilitates the fertilization management and the unified prevention and control of pests and diseases.

[0025] Thirdly, the purpose of saving cost and increasing benefit is achieved. The tree ventilation and light transmission under the mode can effectively avoid the occurrence and spread of diseases and pests, reduce the amount and frequency of pesticide application, and achieve the purpose of saving cost and increasing benefit.

[0026] The late-mature mango four-year two-crop cultivation mode of the application has advantages in commodity fruit rate and price, can be standardized for production, is convenient for management and orchard operation, and can effectively solve the problems caused by the late-mature mango planted in the dry-hot valley area of the Jinshajiang River at an altitude of 1500-1800 m using the "one-year one-crop" cultivation mode, and overcome the defects of the prior art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 The first-year mango tree cultivation process and situation for the "four-year two-crop" cultivation mode;

[0028] Figure 2 The second-year mango tree cultivation process and situation for the "four-year two-crop" cultivation mode;

[0029] Figure 3 The third-year mango tree cultivation process and situation for the "four-year two-crop" cultivation mode;

[0030] Figure 4 The fourth-year mango tree cultivation process and situation for the "four-year two-crop" cultivation mode;

[0031] Figure 5 The annual mango tree cultivation process and situation for the "one-year one-crop" cultivation mode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved in the application more clear and understandable, the application will be further described in detail below in combination with the embodiments. Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used in the present application have the same meanings as understood by those skilled in the art.

[0033] In one specific embodiment of the application, a late-mature mango "four-year two-crop" cultivation mode at an altitude of 1500-1800 m is provided, which comprises the following steps:

[0034] (1) The first-year cultivation technical points:

[0035] Within 10-15 days before and after the Chinese Spring Festival, the heavy short pruning method is adopted for the high-yield trees that have borne fruits in the previous year, and the heavy short pruning is performed at the dense bud positions on the first-order or second-order auxiliary main branches; the short pruning wound section is uniformly coated with a wound coating agent to prevent sun exposure and pathogen infection, and the tree trunk and main branches are uniformly coated with a white coating agent to prevent sunburn damage; after heavy pruning, one-time fertilization and irrigation are required to facilitate sprouting and tending, and a balanced compound fertilizer of N, P and K can be used, and the rest is consistent with that in the fruit-bearing year, and conventional management can be performed.

[0036] After the heavy shorting, the new shoots grow to the second matured top, and then the branches are fixed again. The purpose of keeping more branches in the early stage is to shade the tree trunk from strong sunlight to avoid cracking. Three branches in different directions are selected and not shorted to promote their lengthening and thickening growth. Each branch usually sprouts 3-5 tops with a length of 1.2-1.4 m, which are the result mother branches in the second year. After the result mother branches stop growing in the autumn, their angles with the main trunk should be corrected to 45-60°. If the result mother branches are too long, they should be fixed with a stand before the flowering period.

[0037] (2) The main points of cultivation technology in the second year:

[0038] The result mother branches are shorted at the top of the sparse buds within 5-10 days before and after the Chinese New Year. The first sprouted flowers are cut off to cultivate secondary flowers. After fruiting, only diseased and deformed fruits are removed, and there is no limit to the number of fruits. The fruiting period is from mid-November to late December. After harvesting in autumn and winter, no pruning is done.

[0039] (3) The main points of cultivation technology in the third year:

[0040] The result branches are shorted within 5-15 days after the Chinese New Year. The outer result branches are shorted at the sparse buds above the first top, and the inner result branches are shorted at the sparse buds above the second top. The wound is evenly coated with wound coating to prevent sun exposure and bacterial infection. Fertilization and watering should be done immediately after pruning to promote sprouting and shooting. N, P, and K balanced compound fertilizer can be used.

[0041] After the heavy shorting, the new shoots grow to the second matured top, and then the branches are fixed again. The purpose of keeping more branches in the early stage is to shade the tree trunk from strong sunlight to avoid cracking. Three branches in different directions are selected and not shorted to promote their lengthening and thickening growth. Each branch usually sprouts 3-5 tops with a length of 1.2-1.4 m, which are the result mother branches in the second year. After the result mother branches stop growing in the autumn, their angles with the main trunk should be corrected to 45-60°. If the result mother branches are too long, they should be fixed with a stand before the flowering period.

[0042] (4) The main points of cultivation technology in the fourth year:

[0043] The result mother branches are shorted at the top of the sparse buds within 5-10 days before and after the Chinese New Year. The first sprouted flowers are cut off to cultivate secondary flowers. After fruiting, only diseased and deformed fruits are removed, and there is no limit to the number of fruits. The fruiting period is from mid-November to late December. After harvesting in autumn and winter, no pruning is done.

[0044] After fruit picking, re-apply organic fertilizer or mature farmyard manure, 30-40 kg per plant, to promote the recovery of tree vigor as soon as possible, and the cultivation techniques in the next year are the same as those in the first year. The fourth year is the maximum yield year. After a large number of fruits, the tree loses too much nutrient, so after shortening, the tree vigor is further weakened, and nutrients need to be supplemented in time, re-apply organic fertilizer or farmyard manure, apply a large amount of element fertilizer and medium and trace element fertilizer, to achieve the purpose of recovering the tree vigor as soon as possible.

[0045] The scheme of the present application will be explained below by listing specific examples. Those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are only for illustration of the present application and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present application. If the specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the examples, they are carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product instructions. If the reagents or instruments are not specified by the manufacturer, they are all conventional products that can be obtained by purchase.

[0046] Example

[0047] The present application selects sites in the dry-hot valley area of the Jinsha River at high altitudes of 1500-1800 m, and implements "one crop per year" and "two crops per year for four years" late-maturing mango cultivation modes, respectively. The important phenophase, cost input, and output income of the two cultivation modes are compared, and the specific test process is as follows:

[0048] 1. Test site and time

[0049] Test site: a certain mango garden in Wuben Township, Renhe District, Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province (longitude 101°73', latitude 26°68'); terrain: slope, altitude 1726.3 m; soil type: sandy soil; cultivation mode: "one crop per year" and "two crops per year for four years", the "one crop per year" cultivation mode is referred to as the control below.

[0050] Test time: 2016-2024, 4-year-old rootstock variety Myanmar No. 8 mangoes were planted in 2016, with a plant spacing of 3 m x 3 m, 74 plants per mu, grafted in spring 2017, and the grafted variety was Kate, which began to yield stably in 2020.

[0051] 2. Input cost item accounting

[0052] (1) Water and electricity fee is 0.5 yuan / degree;

[0053] (2) Fertilization is mainly re-applying organic fertilizer after fruit picking, 1200 yuan / ton;

[0054] (3) Paper bag 0.15 yuan per bag:

[0055] The "one crop per year" cultivation mode is bagged once a year, and the bagging material is a white double-layer bag;

[0056] The “four-year two-crop” cultivation mode is bagged twice per harvest year (the second and fourth years in four years), once for the young fruit period, using double-layer composite bags with yellow outside and black inside, and once in late September, removing the double-layer composite bags with yellow outside and black inside and replacing them with white double-layer bags;

[0057] (4) Pesticide spraying 70 yuan / occasion / mu:

[0058] The “four-year two-crop” cultivation mode sprays pesticides 7 times per year;

[0059] The “one-year one-crop” cultivation mode increases the number of pesticide spraying due to the superposition of phenophase, and sprays 14 times per year;

[0060] (5) Labor costs are 0.4 yuan / kg for temporary hired labor to pick and transport mango fruits, and other agricultural operations are not included in the cost.

[0061] 3. Planting actual situation

[0062] (1) “Four-year two-crop” cultivation mode: according to the “four-year two-crop” cultivation mode of late-maturing mangoes described in the specific implementation method of the present application.

[0063] The first year of mango tree cultivation process and situation (short cutting of high yield trees) is shown in Figure 1 (A) is the short cutting of high yield trees of the previous year’s results, (B) is the germination after short cutting, and (C) is the cultivation of new shoots and fruiting branches.

[0064] The second year of mango tree cultivation process and situation (flowering, testing and fruiting) is shown in Figure 2 (A) is the removal of the first batch of inflorescences, (B) is the germination of the second batch of inflorescences, and (C) is the second batch of fruiting.

[0065] The third year of mango tree cultivation process and situation (shaping, pruning, short cutting, and cultivating autumn shoots) is shown in Figure 3 (A) is the short cutting of fruiting branches, (B) is the new shoots after short cutting, and (C) is the autumn shoots cultivated as the fruiting branches for the fourth year.

[0066] The fourth year of mango tree cultivation process and situation (maximum yield year, unlimited fruiting) is shown in Figure 4 (A) is the replacement of yellow double-layer bags with white double-layer bags in late September, and the fruits are yellow; (B) is the record of the situation of Kait mango fruits turning red after bag replacement in late October; (C) is the situation of the whole tree without limit on fruiting without leaving reserve branches and rotation branches during the fruiting period.

[0067] (2) “One-year one-crop” cultivation mode: according to the “one-year one-crop” cultivation mode of late-maturing mangoes described in the background art of the present application.

[0068] The annual mango tree cultivation process and situation (rotation results pruning, new shoot cultivation, fruit maintenance) are shown in Figure 5 (A) is the rotation result; (B) is the simultaneous growth of young leaves, new shoots and fruits; (C) is the fruit harvest period of the cultivated result mother branch (autumn shoot).

[0069] 4. Comparison of two cultivation modes

[0070] (1) Comparison of important phenophase of two cultivation modes, the results are shown in Table 1.

[0071] Table 1 Important phenophase

[0072]

[0073] From Table 1, both the “four-year two-crop” cultivation mode and the control need to remove the first inflorescence and promote the germination of the second inflorescence. The fruit picking period of the “four-year two-crop” cultivation mode is delayed by 35-40 days compared with the control.

[0074] (2) Comparison of input cost and output of two cultivation modes from 2021 to 2024, the results are shown in Table 2 and Table 3.

[0075] Table 2 Input cost

[0076]

[0077] From Table 2, the “four-year two-crop” cultivation mode has 83.4% less input than the control in 2021; the “four-year two-crop” cultivation mode has 5.7% more input than the control in 2022; the “four-year two-crop” cultivation mode has 35.0% less input than the control in 2023; the “four-year two-crop” cultivation mode has 11.0% more input than the control in 2024. Overall, the input cost of the “four-year two-crop” cultivation mode is significantly reduced compared with the “one-year one-crop” cultivation mode.

[0078] Table 3 Output

[0079]

[0080] From Table 3, in 2021, the rate of secondary fruits of the control was 17.4%. In 2022, the selling price of fruits of the "four-year two-crop" cultivation mode was 215.3% higher than that of the control; the yield per mu of the "four-year two-crop" cultivation mode was 28.5% lower than that of the control; the rate of secondary fruits of the "four-year two-crop" cultivation mode was 5.3%, and that of the control was 14.2%; the output value of the "four-year two-crop" cultivation mode was 148.9% higher than that of the control. In 2023, the rate of secondary fruits of the control was 10.5%. In 2024, the selling price of fruits of the "four-year two-crop" cultivation mode was 144.0% higher than that of the control; the yield per mu of the "four-year two-crop" cultivation mode was 16.9% higher than that of the control; the rate of secondary fruits of the "four-year two-crop" cultivation mode was 4.4%, and that of the control was 21.3%; the output value of the "four-year two-crop" cultivation mode was 246.5% higher than that of the control. Overall, compared with the "one-year one-crop" cultivation mode, the "four-year two-crop" cultivation mode greatly improved the total yield and output value.

[0081] (3) Comparison of net income and economic value of the two cultivation modes from 2021 to 2024, the results are shown in Table 4 and Table 5.

[0082] Table 4 Net income

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] From Table 4, in the 4-year cultivation test from 2021 to 2024, the total yield of the "four-year two-crop" cultivation mode was 4691.6 kg, the total output value was 61869.0 yuan, the input cost was 23286.6 yuan, and the net income was 38582.4 yuan; the total yield of the control was 9534.1 kg, the total output value was 45274.1 yuan, the input cost was 27213.2 yuan, and the net income was 18060.9 yuan.

[0086] Table 5 Economic value

[0087]

[0088] From table 5, in 2021-2024, the average selling price of mango in the "four-year two-crop" cultivation mode is 14.65 yuan / kg, and that in the control is 5.68 yuan / kg, which is 157.9% higher than the control; the total yield of the "four-year two-crop" cultivation mode is 4691.6 kg, and that of the control is 9534.1 kg, which is 50.8% lower than the control; the total output value of the "four-year two-crop" cultivation mode is 61869.0 yuan, and that of the control is 45274.1 yuan, which is 36.7% higher than the control; the total input of the "four-year two-crop" cultivation mode is 23286.6 yuan, and that of the control is 27213.2 yuan, which is 14.4% lower than the control; the net income of the "four-year two-crop" cultivation mode is 38582.4 yuan, and that of the control is 18060.9 yuan, which is 113.6% higher than the control.

[0089] In summary, the "four-year two-crop" cultivation mode of the present application can solve the problems of phenology overlap, improper fertilization, difficulty in pest control and high cost in the "one-year one-crop" cultivation mode in the dry-hot valley area of the Jinshajiang River at an altitude of 1500-1800 m; it can also solve the problems of insufficient relative heat, small amount of nutrient growth, low yield, poor quality and low profit of mango trees in the area at an altitude of 1500-1800 m. The technical scheme of the present application has a wide application prospect and high economic benefits, and is worth popularization and application.

Claims

1. A four-year, two-crop cultivation model for late-maturing mangoes, characterized by: The cultivation of late-maturing mangoes adopts a "two-crop-four-years" model, which involves: cultivating robust fruiting branches intensively in the first and third years of each four-year period, and harvesting mangoes in the second and fourth years respectively; specifically, the following steps are included: S1 Year 1: Within 10 to 15 days before and after the Lunar New Year, prune back the dense buds on the first or second secondary main branches of the high-yielding trees that bore fruit the previous year. After pruning, the new buds will grow until the second flush of shoots matures before determining the number and direction of shoots. The number and direction of the branches to be determined should be set according to the actual situation, ensuring good ventilation and light penetration. After the shoots are fixed, select three branches that are staggered in position and evenly distributed at angles. Do not prune them in any way. Cultivate these three branches to encourage them to grow longer and thicker. Each branch will produce 3 to 5 shoots per year, with a shoot length of 1.2 to 1.4 m. These shoots will be cultivated as fruiting mother branches for the following year. S2 Second year: Within 5 to 10 days before or after the Lunar New Year, prune the fruiting mother branch to the sparse buds at the top and cut off the first flowering flowers to cultivate a second flowering. Season 3, Year 3: Within 5 to 15 days before and after the Lunar New Year, prune the fruiting mother branches. Shorten the fruiting branches in the middle and upper outer part to the sparse buds above the dense buds of the first tuft of shoots. Shorten the fruiting branches in the middle inner part to the sparse buds above the second tuft of shoots. After pruning, the new shoots grow until the second tuft of shoots matures before determining the number and direction of shoots. The number and direction of shoots should be determined according to the actual situation to ensure good ventilation and light penetration. After the shoots are fixed, select three branches that are staggered in position and evenly distributed at angles. Do not prune them in any way. Cultivate these three branches to encourage them to grow longer and thicker. Each branch will produce 3 to 5 shoots per year, with a shoot length of 1.0 to 1.4m. These shoots will be cultivated as fruiting mother branches for the fourth year. S4 Fourth year: Within 5 to 10 days before or after the Lunar New Year, prune back the branches at the dense buds at the top of the fruiting branches and remove the first flowering plants to cultivate a second flowering. The cultivation techniques for the following year are the same as for the first year.

2. The four-year, two-crop cultivation model for late-maturing mangoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1 or S3, apply wound dressing evenly to the cut surface and apply whitewash evenly to the trunk and main branches.

3. The four-year, two-crop cultivation model for late-maturing mangoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1 or S3, after pruning, apply a balanced N, P, K compound fertilizer and irrigate once in a timely manner.

4. The four-year, two-crop cultivation model for late-maturing mangoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1 or S3, after the upright fruiting branches stop growing in autumn, their angle with the main trunk should be corrected to 45°~60°; for excessively long fruiting branches, support stakes should be erected and trellises should be built to fix them before the peak flowering period.

5. The four-year, two-crop cultivation model for late-maturing mangoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2 or S4, after fruit set, remove defective fruit, allow unlimited fruit production, and do not prune after harvesting in autumn and winter.

6. The four-year, two-crop cultivation model for late-maturing mangoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, apply organic fertilizer or well-rotted farmyard manure promptly after harvesting, and apply macro-nutrient fertilizer and micro-nutrient fertilizer, 30-40 kg per plant.

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