A method for preventing and controlling rice blast

Abstract

The present invention provides a treatment method for preventing and controlling rice blast, and relates to the technical field of rice planting. The treatment method for preventing and controlling rice blast mainly comprises the steps of treating the rice planting area with quicklime and manure, soaking the rice seeds with prochloraz, spraying a mixed agent of Paris polyphylla fermentation extract, ascorbic acid, vitamin K, and salicylic acid at the rice seedling emergence, rupture stage, and full heading stage, etc. The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art, reduces the use of organic pesticides, ensures the high yield of rice while effectively preventing and controlling rice blast, reduces environmental pollution, and comprehensively improves the planting benefits of rice.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, and in particular to a treatment method for preventing and controlling rice blast. Background Art

[0002] Rice blast, also known as "rice cancer", has become a fungal disease that is harmful to rice worldwide. When the disease is severe, it can cause a significant reduction in rice production or even a total crop failure. Rice blast can occur in various parts of the rice plant (such as leaves, stalks, and ear necks), with leaf blast and ear neck blast being the most common.

[0003] The existing effective means of controlling rice blast mainly uses tricyclazole to spray rice to achieve effective control of rice blast, but the single use of this drug is likely to cause antagonistic effects, and tricyclazole has become a common residual pollutant in soil, surface water and groundwater, which has caused huge potential harm to human health and the ecological environment. Therefore, reducing the use of such pesticides is an important technical direction for large-scale planting at this stage. On this basis, setting up healthier and more environmentally friendly control agents for rice blast and rice planting methods is a major development direction of scientific planting. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a treatment method for preventing and controlling rice blast, which reduces the use of organic pesticides, ensures a high yield of rice while effectively preventing and controlling rice blast, reduces environmental pollution, and comprehensively improves the planting efficiency of rice.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for preventing and controlling rice blast disease, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Pretreatment of the planting site: Before planting rice, spread quicklime on the planting site and turn the soil together, then irrigate to control the water layer at 3-5 cm, let it stand for 1-2 days, then apply manure to the planting site and turn the soil and mix it to obtain a pretreated planting site for use;

[0008] S2. Rice seed pretreatment: After drying and selecting the rice seeds, soak them in 45% prochloraz diluted 2000-3000 times for 2-4 hours, then take them out to obtain pretreated rice seeds for use;

[0009] S3, preparation of the agent: according to Paris polyphylla fermentation extract 200-300mL / L, ascorbic acid 100-200mg / L, vitamin K40-60mg / L, salicylic acid 20-40mL / L, a mixed agent is prepared for use;

[0010] S4, sowing and seedling treatment: sow rice seeds on the seedling bed, cover with a thin layer of soil, spray the mixed agent until the soil layer is moist, and then spray the mixed agent once when the seedlings emerge;

[0011] S5. Hardening and transplanting: Four weeks after rice sowing, select rice seedlings with uniform and good growth to ventilate and harden them, and then transplant them to the planting site;

[0012] S6. Management of pesticide spraying: spray the mixed pesticide once at the rice breaking stage and heading stage after transplanting;

[0013] S7. Supplementary fertilizer management: Apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers once 30-40 days after rice transplanting.

[0014] Preferably, in step S1, the amount of quicklime spread is 20-50 kg / mu; the amount of manure applied is 120-150 kg / mu.

[0015] Preferably, the temperature of the seed soaking treatment in step S2 is 35-40°C.

[0016] Preferably, the method for preparing the Paris polyphylla fermentation extract in step S3 comprises the following steps:

[0017] S3-1, grind the whole plant of fresh Paris polyphylla with 2-3 times of clean water to obtain a slurry, then inoculate lactic acid bacteria and Trichoderma harzianum into the slurry, mix and ferment for 6-8 hours, squeeze and filter to obtain a first filtrate and filter residue for later use;

[0018] S3-2, add 5-10 times volume of 60% ethanol solution to the filter residue, stir and mix for 2-3h, then heat to 60-80℃ and continue stirring and mixing for 20-30min, squeeze and filter to obtain the second filtrate, cool it to room temperature and then mix it with the first filtrate to obtain Paris fermentation extract.

[0019] Preferably, the number of viable bacteria during the lactic acid bacteria inoculation in step S3-1 is 10 10 -10 11 / g, and the inoculation amount is 0.2%-0.3% of the total mass of the slurry, and the number of viable bacteria of the Trichoderma harzianum when inoculated is 10 9 -10 10 / g, and the inoculation amount is 0.1%-0.15% of the total mass of the slurry.

[0020] Preferably, in step S4, the amount of the mixed agent sprayed when all the seedlings emerge is 40-60 mL of the mixed agent per 100 seedlings.

[0021] Preferably, the transplanting depth in step S5 is 1.5-2 cm, and the planting density is 6000-8000 plants / mu.

[0022] Preferably, in step S6, the amount of the mixed agent sprayed at the break stage is 10-15 kg / mu, and the amount of the mixed agent sprayed at the heading stage is 8-10 kg / mu.

[0023] Preferably, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in step S7 are obtained by mixing potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and phosphorus pentoxide in a mass ratio of 3:1:2, and the amount of supplementary application is 20-40 kg / mu.

[0024] The present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling rice blast, which has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0025] The invention prepares a mixed agent by preparing Paris polyphylla fermentation extraction, ascorbic acid, vitamin K and salicylic acid, and sprays rice at the seedling stage, the rice blast stage and the heading stage respectively, thereby greatly reducing the occurrence of rice blast without organic pesticide treatment, further promoting the high yield of rice, comprehensively improving the benefits of planting, reducing the pollution of pesticides to the environment, and promoting the green development of large-scale agricultural planting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the growth of rice in planting area 1 before harvesting of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the growth of rice in planting area 9 before harvesting of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a severe case of lesions occurring in rice ears in planting area 9 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] The lactic acid bacteria used in the following examples were purchased from Shandong Xinzhuoyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. with the item number RS-100; and the Trichoderma harzianum was purchased from Beihai Qiangxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd. with the item number T003.

[0031] Embodiment 1:

[0032] Preparation of mixed medicine:

[0033] 1. Preparation of extract:

[0034] 1.1. Extract A:

[0035] (1) Grind the whole fresh Paris polyphylla plant with 3 times the amount of water to obtain a slurry, and then inoculate the slurry with 0.2% of the total mass of lactic acid bacteria (10 11 / g) and 0.1% of the total mass of Trichoderma harzianum (10 10 / g) were mixed and fermented for 7h, and then squeezed and filtered to obtain the first filtrate and filter residue for later use;

[0036] (2) adding 8 times the volume of 60% ethanol solution to the filter residue, stirring and mixing for 2.5 hours, then heating to 70° C. and continuing stirring and mixing for 25 minutes, squeezing and filtering, cooling the second filtrate to room temperature and then mixing with the first filtrate to obtain the Paris polyphylla fermentation extract as extract A;

[0037] 1.2. Extract B:

[0038] (1) Grind the whole fresh Paris polyphylla plant with 3 times the amount of water to obtain a slurry, and then inoculate the slurry with 0.2% of the total mass of lactic acid bacteria (10 11 / g) for 7h, and then press and filter to obtain the first filtrate and filter residue for later use;

[0039] (2) adding 8 times the volume of 60% ethanol solution to the filter residue, stirring and mixing for 2.5 hours, then heating to 70° C. and continuing stirring and mixing for 25 minutes, squeezing and filtering, cooling the second filtrate to room temperature and then mixing with the first filtrate to obtain a Paris polyphylla fermentation extract as extract B;

[0040] 1.3 Extract C:

[0041] (1) Grind the whole fresh Paris polyphylla plant with 3 times the amount of water to obtain a slurry, and then inoculate the slurry with 0.1% of the total mass of Trichoderma harzianum (10 10 / g) were mixed and fermented for 7h, and then squeezed and filtered to obtain the first filtrate and filter residue for later use;

[0042] (2) adding 8 times the volume of 60% ethanol solution to the filter residue, stirring and mixing for 2.5 hours, then heating to 70° C. and continuing stirring and mixing for 25 minutes, squeezing and filtering, cooling the second filtrate to room temperature and then mixing with the first filtrate to obtain the Paris polyphylla fermentation extract as extract C;

[0043] 1.4. Extraction solution D:

[0044] (1) Grind the whole plant of fresh Paris polyphylla with 3 times of clean water to obtain a slurry, then let it stand for 7 hours, squeeze and filter, and obtain the first filtrate and filter residue for later use;

[0045] (2) adding 8 times the volume of 60% ethanol solution to the filter residue, stirring and mixing for 2.5 hours, then heating to 70° C. and continuing stirring and mixing for 25 minutes, squeezing and filtering, cooling the second filtrate to room temperature and then mixing with the first filtrate to obtain the Paris polyphylla fermentation extract as extract C;

[0046] 1.5. Extraction solution E:

[0047] Prepare a potato liquid culture medium (potato juice 200g / L + glucose 20g / L + yeast extract 5g / L + hydrolyzed casein 5g / L + hydrolyzed yeast protein 5g / L + sodium chloride 5g / L + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2g / L), inoculate 0.2% of the total culture medium mass of lactic acid bacteria (10 11 / g) and 0.1% of the total mass of Trichoderma harzianum (10 10 / g), cultured for 7h, and obtained extract E.

[0048] 2. Prepare different mixed agents according to the formula in Table 1 below:

[0049] Table 1

[0050]

[0051] Embodiment 2:

[0052] Rice cultivation:

[0053] (1) Pretreatment of the planting site: Before planting rice, the planting site was sown with quicklime at 30 kg / mu and then tilled. Afterwards, the water layer was irrigated to control the water layer to 3-5 cm. The site was left to stand for 2 days. Cow dung fertilizer (130 kg / mu) was then applied to the planting site and the soil was tilled and mixed to obtain a pretreated planting site for use;

[0054] (2) After drying and selecting rice seeds, the seeds are diluted 2500 times with 45% prochloraz, soaked at a temperature range of 35-40° C. for 3 hours, and then taken out to obtain pretreated rice seeds for use;

[0055] (3) Sowing rice seeds on the seedling bed, then covering with a thin layer of soil, and then spraying the mixed agent until the soil layer is moist. After that, spray the mixed agent once (50 mL per 100 seedlings) when all the seedlings emerge.

[0056] (4) Four weeks after rice sowing, select rice seedlings with uniform and good growth and ventilate them for 3 days before transplanting them to the planting site (the transplanting depth is 1.5-2 cm and the planting density is 7,000 plants / mu);

[0057] (5) Spray the mixed pesticide once at 12 kg / mu during the rice seedling stage after transplanting, and then spray the mixed pesticide once at 9 kg / mu during the heading stage;

[0058] (6) Apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and phosphorus pentoxide mixed in a mass ratio of 3:1:2, and the amount applied is 30 kg / mu) 35 days after rice transplanting.

[0059] Detection:

[0060] Nine planting areas were set up, and the rice planting method of Example 2 was referred to for planting. The mixed agents used in each planting area were as shown in Table 2 below (the sowing time was set to April 10, 2023, and the mixed agent was sprayed once when the seedlings emerged on April 28, 2023, and once at the break stage on July 29, 2023, and once at the heading stage on August 16, 2023):

[0061] Table 2

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] 1. On September 10, 2023, the incidence of rice blast in each planting area was tested. Diagonal sampling was used to survey 5 points in each planting area, 50 rice plants were surveyed at each point, and 250 rice plants were surveyed in each planting area. The incidence rate of rice blast in each planting area (incidence rate = number of diseased rice plants / total number of rice plants inspected) and the severe disease rate (severe disease rate = number of rice panicles with lesions / total number of diseased rice plants) were counted. The specific results are shown in Table 3 below:

[0065] Table 3

[0066]

[0067] It can be seen from the above table that the incidence of rice blast in planting areas 1 and 2 is low, and the severe disease rate among diseased plants is also significantly reduced.

[0068] 2. Harvest rice from all planting areas on September 25, 2023, and record the yield and thousand-grain weight of each group of rice. The specific results are shown in Table 4 below;

[0069] Table 4

[0070] Group <![CDATA[Yield (kg / 667m 2 )]]> Thousand-grain weight (g) Planting Zone 1 632.5 24.02 Planting Zone 2 635.4 24.57 Planting Zone 3 617.5 23.98 Planting Zone 4 602.6 23.26 Planting Zone 5 582.2 23.20 Planting Zone 6 574.7 22.96 Planting Zone 7 541.5 22.65 Planting Zone 8 524.3 22.21 Planting Zone 9 612.6 23.49

[0071] It can be seen from Table 4 above that the rice yield in planting area 1 and planting area 2 is higher, that is, the economic benefits of rice planting in planting area 1 and planting area 2 are higher.

[0072] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling rice blast, characterized in that: The processing method comprises the following steps: S1. Pretreatment of the planting site: Before planting rice, spread quicklime on the planting site and turn the soil together, then irrigate to control the water layer at 3-5 cm, let it stand for 1-2 days, then apply manure to the planting site and turn the soil and mix it to obtain a pretreated planting site for use; S2. Rice seed pretreatment: After drying and selecting the rice seeds, soak them in 45% prochloraz diluted 2000-3000 times for 2-4 hours, then take them out to obtain pretreated rice seeds for use; S3, preparation of the agent: according to Paris polyphylla fermentation extract 200-300mL / L, ascorbic acid 100-200mg / L, vitamin K40-60mg / L, salicylic acid 20-40mL / L, a mixed agent is prepared for use; The preparation method of Paris polyphylla fermented extract is as follows: The whole plant of fresh Paris polyphylla is ground into 2-3 times of clean water to obtain a slurry, and then lactic acid bacteria and Trichoderma harzianum are inoculated into the slurry, mixed and fermented for 6-8 hours, and squeezed and filtered to obtain a first filtrate and a filter residue for later use; Add 5-10 times the volume of 60% ethanol solution to the filter residue, stir and mix for 2-3 hours, then heat to 60-80°C and continue stirring and mixing for 20-30 minutes, squeeze and filter, cool the second filtrate to room temperature and mix with the first filtrate to obtain Paris polyphylla fermentation extract; S4, sowing and seedling treatment: sow rice seeds on the seedling bed, cover with a thin layer of soil, spray the mixed agent until the soil layer is moist, and then spray the mixed agent once when the seedlings emerge; S5. Hardening and transplanting: Four weeks after rice sowing, select rice seedlings with uniform and good growth to ventilate and harden them, and then transplant them to the planting site; S6. Management of pesticide spraying: spray the mixed pesticide once at the rice seedling stage and heading stage after transplanting; S7. Supplementary fertilizer management: Apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers once 30-40 days after rice transplanting.

2. A method for preventing and controlling rice blast according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the amount of quicklime spread is 20-50 kg / mu; the amount of manure applied is 120-150 kg / mu.

3. A method for preventing and controlling rice blast according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the seed soaking treatment in step S2 is 35-40°C.

4. The method for preventing and controlling rice blast according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of viable bacteria during the lactic acid bacteria inoculation in step S3 is 10 10 -10 11 / g, and the inoculation amount is 0.2%-0.3% of the total mass of the slurry, and the number of viable bacteria of the Trichoderma harzianum when inoculated is 10 9 -10 10 / g, and the inoculation amount is 0.1%-0.15% of the total mass of the slurry.

5. The method for preventing and controlling rice blast according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, when all the seedlings emerge, the amount of the mixed agent sprayed is 40-60 mL of the mixed agent per 100 seedlings.

6. A method for preventing and controlling rice blast according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the transplanting depth is 1.5-2 cm, and the transplanting density is 6000-8000 plants / mu.

7. A method for preventing and controlling rice blast according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the amount of the mixed pesticide sprayed at the break stage is 10-15 kg / mu, and the amount of the mixed pesticide sprayed at the heading stage is 8-10 kg / mu.

8. The method for preventing and controlling rice blast according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are obtained by mixing potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and phosphorus pentoxide in a mass ratio of 3:1:2, and the amount of supplementary application is 20-40 kg / mu.

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