Split plunger for gas well production, adjustment control system and adjustment control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a split plunger for gas well production, an adjustment control system and an adjustment control method.The split plunger comprises a sealing ball and a plunger body, the plunger body comprises a plunger barrel, an umbrella cover, an umbrella rib assembly, an umbrella driving assembly and a first control module, a hollow sliding shaft is fixed in the plunger barrel, the umbrella rib assembly is installed on the sliding shaft, and the umbrella cover is connected with the umbrella rib assembly; the first control module can control the umbrella driving assembly to drive the umbrella rib assembly to enable the umbrella cover to be unfolded and folded, the umbrella driving assembly is arranged to be capable of automatically controlling the umbrella rib assembly to drive the umbrella cover to be unfolded and folded according to the temperature change in the gas well, and the sealing ball and the bottom of the plunger barrel can be mechanically combined and sealed or mechanically separated in the gas well. The designed umbrella driving assembly has passive automatic unfolding and folding and passive unfolding and folding functions, the umbrella cover is tightly attached to the inner wall of a gas well in the rising process, gas slipping and upward moving are reduced, the umbrella cover is adjusted to be folded in the falling process, the falling speed can be automatically adjusted, and the drainage gas recovery efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of natural gas exploitation, and in particular to a split plunger, a regulating control system and a regulating control method for gas well production. Background Art

[0002] In the process of natural gas extraction, the initial output is generally relatively high. However, with the attenuation of reservoir energy, in the middle and late stages of production, the gas production will be less than the critical liquid carrying flow rate. Insufficient liquid carrying capacity will cause liquid accumulation in the wellbore, leading to a drop in wellhead pressure, a decrease in gas permeability, and "water intrusion" and "water lock" in the production layer, which seriously affects the sustainable development of the gas well. Appropriate drainage and gas production technology is often used to drain the wellbore liquid and restore normal production of the gas well.

[0003] The plunger drainage gas production process is a common and important drainage gas production process. It uses the energy of the gas well itself to push the plunger in the wellbore to lift the accumulated liquid. It is similar to the principle of a long-stroke pump. The oil pipe is used as the pump barrel and the plunger is used as the piston. The plunger and the liquid column above the plunger are lifted to the ground under the action of gas pressure. This process method uses the mechanical isolation interface between the power source lifting gas formed by the plunger structure and the produced liquid of the working object. It does not require other power equipment and has the characteristics of low cost and wide application. It can reduce gas upward slippage and is of great significance for drainage gas production. However, with the continuous increase in the demand for the exploitation of low-pressure, low-yield, and low-abundance gas wells, there are many problems to be solved in the production of traditional plunger processes, which are specifically manifested in:

[0004] 1) After each plunger lift, the plunger falls back due to the effect of gas in the wellbore and the downward resistance, resulting in a slow migration speed, low drainage circulation efficiency, and a long shut-in time. The cycle control of intermittent production is limited by the shut-in time and cannot achieve optimal efficiency.

[0005] 2) In order to realize the plunger gas lift drainage without shutting down the well, patent CN103670337B proposes to design the one-piece plunger as a split plunger, which is composed of a plunger body and a split seal to form a closed integral plunger. After being lifted to the vicinity of the wellhead, the two are separated by mechanical impact of the wellhead buffer device, and fall to the bottom of the well to be reassembled into an integral plunger. There is a risk of poor sealing and slippage in the rising section of the wellbore, and there is a problem of premature combination of the plunger body and the split seal during the falling process of the wellbore, which makes it difficult to fall and reduces the drainage efficiency.

[0006] 3) The precise control of the opening and closing wells and the nozzle flow rate of plunger gas lift production is of great significance for avoiding excessive gas well exploitation and rapid formation pressure depletion that damages the formation, stabilizing gas well production, and extending effective production time. The traditional intermittent production control method is mainly based on wellhead and ground measurement parameters, including wellhead casing pressure, wellhead tubing pressure, gas production, liquid production, etc., and often relies on experience to adopt a timed or constant pressure automatic intermittent production method, or remote manual control. The lack of automated and intelligent means leads to insufficient operation timeliness and missed the best time to intervene in the production process. In addition, there is a lack of monitoring of the downhole status during the production process, especially the rapid perception of the full profile characteristic parameters of the wellbore, such as temperature, pressure, liquid level, etc. The downhole factors of production fluctuations cannot be quickly identified, and it is difficult to accurately grasp the gas well production recovery time, resulting in the intermittent opening and closing of wells unable to achieve optimal production efficiency.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a split plunger, a regulating control system and a regulating control method for gas well production. Summary of the invention

[0008] The present invention aims to solve the above technical problems, that is, to solve the following existing problems: first, after each lifting of the plunger is completed, the plunger falls back due to the influence of the gas in the wellbore and the downward resistance, the migration speed is slow, the drainage circulation efficiency is low, the well shut-in time is long, and the cycle control of intermittent production is limited by the well shut-in time and cannot achieve the optimal efficiency; second, in order to realize the plunger gas lift drainage without shutting down the well, the one-piece plunger is designed as a split plunger in the prior art, and the plunger body and the split seal form a sealed integral plunger. After being lifted to the vicinity of the wellhead, the two are separated by mechanical impact of the wellhead buffer device, and fall to the bottom of the well to be recombined into an integral plunger. There is a risk of poor sealing and slippage in the rising section of the wellbore, and there is a risk of the plunger body and the split seal in the falling process of the wellbore. The problem of premature engagement causes difficulty in descending and reduces drainage efficiency; thirdly, the traditional intermittent production control method is mainly based on wellhead and ground measurement parameters, including wellhead casing pressure, wellhead tubing pressure, gas production, liquid production, etc., and often relies on experience to adopt a timed or constant pressure automatic intermittent production method, or remote manual control. The lack of automated and intelligent means leads to insufficient timeliness of operation and missed the best time to intervene in the production process. In addition, there is a lack of monitoring of downhole conditions during the production process, especially the rapid perception of the full profile characteristic parameters of the wellbore, such as temperature, pressure, liquid level, etc. The downhole factors that cause production fluctuations cannot be quickly identified, and it is difficult to accurately grasp the gas well production recovery time, resulting in the intermittent switching of wells unable to achieve optimal production efficiency.

[0009] To this end, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a split plunger for gas well production, comprising a sealing ball and a plunger body, the plunger body comprising a plunger barrel, an umbrella cover, an umbrella rib assembly, an umbrella drive assembly and a first control module, the interior of the plunger barrel is a through hollow structure, a hollow sliding shaft is fixed in the plunger barrel, at least three umbrella rib assemblies distributed along the circumference of the plunger barrel are installed on the sliding shaft, an opening is provided at a position corresponding to the umbrella rib assembly on the side wall of the plunger barrel, the umbrella cover is sleeved on the outside of the plunger barrel and is connected to the umbrella rib assembly through the opening, The umbrella driving assembly is installed on the sliding shaft in the plunger barrel and is electrically connected to the first control module. The first control module is installed in the plunger barrel and can control the umbrella driving assembly to drive the umbrella rib assembly to make the umbrella surface expand and retract. The umbrella driving assembly is configured to automatically control the umbrella rib assembly to drive the umbrella surface to expand and retract according to the temperature change in the gas well, and the umbrella surface is in close contact with the inner wall of the gas well in the expanded state and in close contact with the outer wall of the plunger barrel in the retracted state. The sealing ball and the bottom of the plunger barrel can be mechanically combined and sealed or mechanically separated in the gas well.

[0010] In a specific embodiment of the split plunger for gas well production, the plunger cylinder includes an impact cylinder, an expansion cylinder and a sealing cylinder which are fixedly connected in sequence from top to bottom in the lifting direction, the sliding shaft is fixed in the expansion cylinder, the opening is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the expansion cylinder, the inner wall surface of the bottom end of the sealing cylinder is an arc surface and matches the curvature radius of the sealing ball, and the outer peripheral walls of the impact cylinder, the expansion cylinder and the sealing cylinder are provided with a plurality of equally spaced annular grooves, and the cross-section of the annular grooves is an arc shape.

[0011] In a specific embodiment of the above-mentioned split plunger for gas well production, the first control module includes a first processing circuit, an acoustic wave sensor and a heater, the first processing circuit and the heater are both installed on the chassis, the acoustic wave sensor is installed on the inner wall of the sealing tube for detecting the liquid level depth in the gas well, the heater is configured to be able to provide a heating current to the umbrella drive assembly, the first processing circuit includes a first microprocessor, a first power supply unit electrically connected to the first microprocessor, a first clock unit, a first communication unit and a first control unit, the acoustic wave sensor and the heater are both electrically connected to the first microprocessor.

[0012] In a specific embodiment of the split plunger for gas well production, the sealing ball includes a shell, an intelligent sensing microsystem and a filler. The intelligent sensing microsystem is installed in the shell, and the shell and the intelligent sensing microsystem are filled with fillers. The intelligent sensing microsystem includes a second processing circuit, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, an acceleration sensor and an angular rate sensor. The second processing circuit includes a second microprocessor, a second power supply unit electrically connected to the second microprocessor, a second communication unit, a second clock unit and a state switching unit. The temperature sensor, pressure sensor, acceleration sensor and angular rate sensor are all electrically connected to the second microprocessor.

[0013] In the specific embodiment of the split plunger for gas well production mentioned above, the umbrella drive assembly includes a chassis, a sliding cylinder, a tension spring and a wire drawing. The chassis is in a circular ring shape and is fixed to the bottom end of the expansion and retraction cylinder. The sliding cylinder is sleeved on the sliding shaft. The top end of the sliding cylinder is connected to the sliding shaft through a tension spring, and the bottom end of the sliding cylinder is connected to the chassis through a wire drawing. The chassis and the wire drawing are both made of shape memory alloy. The wire drawing is in a pre-tightened state at room temperature. The heater is electrically connected to the wire drawing to provide a heating current to the wire drawing. The sliding cylinder can slide up and down relative to the sliding shaft under the joint action of the wire drawing and the tension spring.

[0014] In a specific embodiment of the split plunger for gas well production mentioned above, the umbrella rib assembly includes a fixed sleeve and a four-bar linkage, the fixed sleeve is fixed on the sliding shaft above the sliding cylinder, the top of the tension spring is fixedly connected to the fixed sleeve, and the four-bar linkage includes a first adjusting rod, a second adjusting rod, a third adjusting rod and an umbrella rib rod, the first adjusting rod and the second adjusting rod are distributed side by side and one end of each is rotatably connected to the fixed sleeve, and the other end is rotatably connected to the umbrella rib rod, the length of the second adjusting rod is greater than the length of the first adjusting rod, one end of the third adjusting rod is rotatably connected to the sliding cylinder, and the other end is rotatably connected to the umbrella rib rod, the third adjusting rod can drive the umbrella rib rod to expand or retract in the process of following the sliding cylinder to slide up and down so that the umbrella surface can be expanded and retracted, and the umbrella rib rod is in an expanded state when the wire drawing is at room temperature.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides an intelligent gas well production optimization and regulation control system, comprising an intelligent adjustable wellhead module and a split plunger for gas well production as described in any one of the first aspects, the intelligent adjustable wellhead module comprising an intelligent production control unit, an adjustable nozzle and a wellhead switch communicatively connected to the intelligent production control unit, the intelligent production control unit and the split plunger are wirelessly connected, and the intelligent production control unit is configured to automatically adjust the nozzle diameter size of the adjustable nozzle according to wellhead parameter information and internal parameter information of the gas well obtained from the split plunger, as well as automatically control the opening and closing of the wellhead switch and whether to execute the split plunger lifting and drainage.

[0016] In a specific implementation of the above-mentioned intelligent gas well production optimization and regulation control system, the adjustable nozzle includes a nozzle actuator and a nozzle controller, the nozzle actuator is connected to the nozzle controller, the nozzle controller is communicatively connected to the intelligent production control unit, and the wellhead switch includes a wellhead switch valve, a pressure gauge and a flow meter, and the wellhead switch valve, pressure gauge and flow meter are all communicatively connected to the intelligent production control unit.

[0017] In a third aspect, the present invention further provides an intelligent gas well production optimization regulation control method, which is executed by using the intelligent gas well production optimization regulation control system as described in any one of the second aspects, and the regulation control method comprises the following steps:

[0018] During a set time period at the beginning of production, the multi-stage nozzle caliber is adjusted step by step according to the set caliber, and the initial characteristic quantity parameters corresponding to each stage nozzle caliber related to the gas well are obtained, wherein the characteristic quantity parameters include wellhead tubing pressure, wellhead casing pressure, gas production, water production, gas well internal temperature, gas well internal pressure and gas well internal liquid accumulation depth;

[0019] Inputting the initial characteristic quantity parameters into a convolutional neural network model for training to obtain a training model for predicting nozzle caliber and pressure drop;

[0020] In the well opening state, the current characteristic quantity parameters are obtained in real time and input into the predicted nozzle diameter and pressure drop training model to obtain the predicted nozzle diameter value and the predicted pressure drop interval;

[0021] Controlling the nozzle diameter of the adjustable nozzle to be adjusted to the predicted nozzle diameter value, and determining whether the current pressure drop value is within the predicted pressure drop range;

[0022] If the current pressure drop value is not within the predicted pressure drop range, the nozzle diameter of the adjustable nozzle is controlled to gradually increase or decrease according to the nozzle setting step until the current pressure drop value is within the predicted pressure drop range.

[0023] In a specific implementation of the above-mentioned intelligent gas well production optimization regulation and control method, the regulation and control method further includes:

[0024] Inputting the initial characteristic quantity parameters into the long short-term memory neural network model for training to obtain a predicted production training model, a predicted shut-in time training model and a critical plunger lift pressure training model within a future set time period respectively;

[0025] Under the gas well production state, the current characteristic quantity parameters are obtained in real time and input into the predicted production training model, the predicted shut-in time training model and the critical plunger lift pressure training model respectively, so as to obtain the corresponding current predicted production, the current predicted shut-in time and the critical plunger lift pressure threshold;

[0026] Calculate the predicted production per unit time according to the current predicted production, and compare it with the gas content in the critical liquid carrying flow rate;

[0027] If the predicted production per unit time is less than the gas content in the critical liquid carrying flow rate, the difference between the wellhead casing pressure and the wellhead tubing pressure is compared with the critical plunger lift pressure threshold value.

[0028] If the difference between the wellhead casing pressure and the wellhead tubing pressure is greater than or equal to the critical plunger lifting pressure threshold, the wellhead switch is controlled to open to lift the plunger and drain water;

[0029] If the difference between the wellhead casing pressure and the wellhead tubing pressure is less than the plunger lift pressure value, the wellhead switch is controlled to be in a closed state and timing is started. When the predicted shut-in time is reached, the wellhead switch is controlled to open for plunger lift drainage.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. The wire drawing in the umbrella driving assembly designed by the present invention is made of shape memory alloy. Based on the material property of shape memory alloy that generates driving force by high-temperature phase change and contraction, the wire drawing recovers to its original length from a contracted state as the temperature in the gas well decreases during the ascent of the plunger body, thereby driving the rib rod to unfold the umbrella surface, thereby realizing a passive autonomous unfolding function. The umbrella surface is tightly attached to the inner wall of the gas well, combining turbulent seal with umbrella-shaped seal to reduce gas slippage and upward rushing. During the falling process of the plunger, the wire drawing is heated by a heater, and the wire drawing temperature increases and contracts, so that the rib rod drives the umbrella surface to perform a folding action, thereby achieving the function of controllable and orderly folding of the umbrella surface, realizing autonomous adjustable falling speed, and improving drainage and gas recovery efficiency.

[0032] 2. The sealing ball designed in the present invention is integrated with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, an acceleration sensor, and an angular velocity sensor. The plunger body is integrated with an acoustic sensor for measuring the depth of accumulated liquid. These parameters can be transmitted to the intelligent production control unit at the wellhead, providing multi-source sensing data for the control algorithm of the intermittent switch and the oil nozzle fine-tuning. At the same time, the sensor parameters integrated in the sealing ball are used to enable the sealing ball to have a low-power self-wake-up function for autonomous switching states, thereby saving electricity and extending the service life.

[0033] 3. The present invention takes into account the influence of nozzle flow rate on liquid carrying efficiency, predicts the optimal parameters of nozzle diameter and reasonable pressure drop range from the perspective of improving production capacity, reducing plunger lifting frequency, protecting reservoirs, and avoiding too fast formation pressure depletion, and automatically adjusts the nozzle diameter according to the deviation value between the actual wellhead pressure drop and the nozzle diameter, realizing automated closed-loop control adjustment and prediction functions, which helps to improve the total output value of the entire production cycle, reduce liquid accumulation and well shut-in times, and improve production efficiency.

[0034] 4. The present invention utilizes multiple characteristic parameters at the wellhead and inside the gas well, based on a long short-term memory neural network model, to obtain the critical plunger lift pressure threshold, predict future gas well production changes and predict the shut-in time, and combines the difference between the wellhead casing pressure and the wellhead tubing pressure with the critical plunger lift pressure threshold to autonomously determine the timing of plunger lift start and automatically control the gas well switch. It has the characteristics of rapid response, timely process intervention, fast oil pressure recovery, reduced labor costs and improved production efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0036] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the umbrella rib assembly in the split plunger for gas well production provided by the present invention in an expanded state;

[0037] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Bottom view of

[0038] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram showing that the plunger body and the sealing ball are in a separated state and the umbrella rib assembly is in a folded state;

[0039] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sealing ball;

[0040] Figure 5 It is a logic diagram of the first control module on the plunger body;

[0041] Figure 6 It is the logic diagram of the intelligent sensing microsystem of the sealing ball;

[0042] Figure 7It is a flow chart of the steps of the intelligent gas well production optimization regulation control method provided by the present invention.

[0043] List of reference numerals:

[0044] 100, sealing ball; 101, shell; 102, filler; 103, rigid-flexible circuit board; 104, pressure sensor; 105, temperature sensor; 200, plunger body; 201, sealing cylinder; 202, chassis; 203, expansion cylinder; 204, wire drawing; 205, sliding cylinder; 206, tension spring; 207, fixing sleeve; 208, sliding shaft; 209, rib rod; 210, umbrella cover; 211, impact cylinder; 212, opening. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the system or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc., are used to define components, only for the convenience of distinguishing the above components, and unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meanings and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0047] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "setting", and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0048] The present invention relates to the field of natural gas extraction technology, and in particular to a split plunger, a regulating control system and a regulating control method for gas well production. The purpose is to solve the following problems. First, after each plunger lifting is completed, the plunger falls back due to the effect of the gas in the wellbore and the downward resistance, the migration speed is slow, the drainage circulation efficiency is low, the well shut-in time is long, and the cycle control of intermittent production is limited by the well shut-in time and cannot achieve the optimal efficiency; second, in order to achieve plunger gas lift drainage without shutting down the well, the prior art designs the one-piece plunger as a split plunger, which is composed of a plunger body and a split seal to form a sealed integral plunger. After being lifted to the vicinity of the wellhead, the two are separated by mechanical impact of the wellhead buffer device, and fall to the bottom of the well to be reassembled into an integral plunger. There is a risk of poor sealing and slippage in the rising section of the wellbore, and there is a problem of premature combination of the plunger body and the split seal during the falling process of the wellbore. , causing difficulty in falling and reducing drainage efficiency; third, the traditional intermittent production control method is mainly based on wellhead and ground measurement parameters, including wellhead casing pressure, wellhead tubing pressure, gas production, liquid production, etc., and often relies on experience to adopt a timed or fixed pressure automatic intermittent production method, or remote manual control. The lack of automated and intelligent means leads to insufficient operation timeliness and missed the best time to intervene in the production process. In addition, there is a lack of monitoring of the downhole status during the production process, especially the rapid perception of the full profile characteristic parameters of the wellbore, such as temperature, pressure, liquid level, etc. The downhole factors of production fluctuations cannot be quickly identified, and it is difficult to accurately grasp the gas well production recovery time, resulting in the intermittent switch wells unable to achieve the optimal production efficiency. For this purpose, the split plunger for gas well production, the intelligent gas well production optimization regulation control system and the regulation control method provided by the present invention are used to solve the above technical problems.

[0049] Hereinafter, the split plunger for gas well production, the intelligent gas well production optimization regulation and control system and the regulation and control method provided in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] See also Figure 1-3The present invention provides a split plunger for gas well production, comprising a sealing ball 100 and a plunger body 200, wherein the plunger body 200 comprises a plunger barrel, an umbrella cover 210, an umbrella rib assembly, an umbrella driving assembly and a first control module, wherein the interior of the plunger barrel is a through hollow structure, wherein a hollow sliding shaft 208 is fixed in the plunger barrel, wherein at least three umbrella rib assemblies distributed along the circumference of the plunger barrel are mounted on the sliding shaft 208, wherein an opening 212 is provided at a position corresponding to the umbrella rib assembly on the side wall of the plunger barrel, wherein the umbrella cover 210 is sleeved on the outside of the plunger barrel and connected to the umbrella rib assembly through the opening 212 Then, the umbrella driving assembly is installed on the sliding shaft 208 in the plunger barrel and is electrically connected to the first control module. The first control module is installed in the plunger barrel and can control the umbrella driving assembly to drive the umbrella rib assembly to make the umbrella cover 210 expand and retract. The umbrella driving assembly is configured to automatically control the umbrella rib assembly to drive the umbrella cover 210 to expand and retract according to the temperature change in the gas well, and the umbrella cover 210 is in close contact with the inner wall of the gas well in the expanded state and in the outer wall of the plunger barrel in the retracted state. The sealing ball 100 and the bottom of the plunger barrel can be mechanically combined and sealed or mechanically separated in the gas well.

[0051] Specifically, the plunger cylinder includes an impact cylinder 211, a retracting cylinder 203 and a sealing cylinder 201 which are fixedly connected in sequence from top to bottom in the lifting direction, a sliding shaft 208 is fixed in the retracting cylinder 203, an opening 212 is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the retracting cylinder 203, the inner wall surface of the bottom end of the sealing cylinder 201 is an arc surface and matches the curvature radius of the sealing ball 100, and the outer peripheral walls of the impact cylinder 211, the retracting cylinder 203 and the sealing cylinder 201 are all provided with a plurality of equally spaced annular grooves, and the cross section of the annular grooves is an arc shape. The preferred relationship between the arc radius r of the annular groove and the center spacing L of the adjacent annular grooves along the axial direction of the corresponding impact cylinder 211 or the retracting cylinder 203 or the sealing cylinder 201 should satisfy: L = 2.5 × R, so that turbulent sealing is achieved during the lifting process of the plunger.

[0052] In one embodiment, see Figure 5 The first control module includes a first processing circuit, an acoustic wave sensor and a heater. The first processing circuit and the heater are both mounted on the chassis 202. The acoustic wave sensor is mounted on the inner wall of the sealing tube 201 to detect the liquid level depth in the gas well. The heater is configured to provide a heating current to the umbrella drive assembly. The first processing circuit includes a first microprocessor, a first power supply unit electrically connected to the first microprocessor, a first clock unit, a first communication unit and a first control unit. The acoustic wave sensor and the heater are both electrically connected to the first microprocessor.

[0053] More specifically, the impact cylinder 211, the expansion cylinder 203 and the sealing cylinder 201 are all screwed together through the flange of the cylinder wall. The sealing cylinder 201, the expansion cylinder 203 and the impact cylinder 211 are all hollow annular structures. The inner surface cross-section of one end of the sealing cylinder 201 is arc-shaped and adapted to the curvature radius of the sealing ball 100, and an elastic seal is provided on the surface, which has buffering, shock absorption and sealing functions, and a high-performance and long-life rubber material is preferably used. The other end of the sealing cylinder is a first flange annular disc with an inner folded edge. The first flange annular disc is provided with a stepped through hole, which is connected to the first threaded hole at the corresponding end of the expansion cylinder. The inner wall of the sealing cylinder is arranged with an acoustic wave sensor probe, and the rear end wiring of the acoustic wave sensor is electrically connected and data is transmitted with the first microprocessor arranged in the expansion cylinder through a split sealed electrical connector. Limiting grooves are provided at the top and bottom of the expansion cylinder.

[0054] The sliding shaft 208 is a thin-walled hollow cylinder structure with a circular flange. The inner diameter of the sliding shaft 208 is larger than the outer diameter of the wellhead striker device. The length of the sliding shaft 208 is equal to that of the expansion and retraction cylinder 203. The side wall is provided with a weight-reducing groove. One end is inserted into the inner circular ring of the chassis 202. The circular flange at the other end has three narrow beams connected between the inner ring and the outer ring, leaving fluid through holes and reducing weight. It is fixedly connected to the other end of the expansion and retraction cylinder 203 and the striker cylinder 211 by screws. The outer side of the sliding shaft 208 is sequentially covered with a sliding cylinder 205 and a fixed sleeve 207 from bottom to top. The sliding cylinder 205 can slide up and down relative to the sliding shaft 208, and the fixed sleeve 207 is fixedly connected to the sliding shaft 208.

[0055] In one embodiment, the umbrella drive assembly includes a chassis 202, a sliding cylinder 205, a tension spring 206 and a wire drawing 204. The chassis 202 is in a circular ring shape and is fixed to the bottom end of the expansion and contraction cylinder 203. The sliding cylinder 205 is sleeved on the sliding shaft 208. The top end of the sliding cylinder 205 is connected to the sliding shaft 208 through a tension spring 206. The bottom end of the sliding cylinder 205 is connected to the chassis 202 through a wire drawing 204. The wire drawing 204 is made of shape memory alloy. The wire drawing 204 is in a pre-tightened state at room temperature. The heater is electrically connected to the wire drawing 204 to provide a heating current to the wire drawing 204. The sliding cylinder can slide up and down relative to the sliding shaft under the joint action of the wire drawing and the tension spring.

[0056] Specifically, the chassis 202 includes an inner annular disk and an outer annular disk, the inner annular disk is located inside the outer annular disk and is fixedly connected through at least three connecting beams, the outer annular disk has an outer diameter greater than the inner diameter of the stowing tube, the outer annular disk is threadedly connected to the limiting groove at the bottom of the stowing tube 203, the first threaded hole of the stowing tube 203 is arranged on the outer annular disk, and the first threaded hole on the outer annular disk is connected with the step through hole on the first flange annular disk to realize the fixed connection between the sealing tube 201 and the stowing tube 203. The heater and the first processing circuit in the first control module are both installed on the inner annular disk.

[0057] More specifically, the wire drawing 204 is made of shape memory alloy material, which is a phase change material that is sensitive to temperature. When the temperature is higher than the phase change temperature, the material is transformed from martensite to austenite, and the contraction generates a restoring force, which serves as a non-electric power source for the movement of the umbrella rib assembly; when the temperature is lower than the phase change temperature, the material is restored from austenite to martensite and restored to its original length. The nickel-based alloy wire of DYNALLOY is preferred, with a diameter of less than 1mm and a recovery strain greater than 3.5%. The phase change temperature corresponds to the material composition of different elements, which is suitable for the temperature range of 70°C to 100°C and is determined according to the depth of the gas well reservoir. The number of wire drawing 204 can be three evenly distributed, and the two ends of the wire drawing 204 are respectively fixed with crimping sleeves. The crimping sleeve at one end of the wire drawing 204 is fixedly connected to the connecting beam on the chassis 202, and the other end of the wire drawing 204 passes through the perforation set on the sliding cylinder 205 and is fixed to the connecting beam through the crimping sleeve. After mechanical assembly, the two ends of the wire 204 are electrically connected to the leads of the first control module, and the phase change state of the wire 204 is actively controlled by loading current, and the phase change state of the wire 204 is passively controlled by the change of the bottom well environment temperature. Thus, the umbrella 210 can be automatically unfolded and folded, and the unfolding and folding of the umbrella 210 can also be actively controlled by heating.

[0058] The sliding cylinder 205 is a thin-walled hollow ring structure, and the inner diameter of the ring and the outer diameter of the sliding shaft 208208 are matched with a clearance of H8 / e7. The side wall is provided with a weight-reducing groove. When the high-temperature phase change of the shape memory alloy generates a driving force, the shape memory alloy moves downward axially, and returns to a normal temperature equilibrium position when there is no shape memory alloy driving force. The equilibrium position is in a state where the tension of the tension spring 206 is balanced with the gravity of the sliding cylinder 205, the friction resistance, and the pre-tightening force of the wire drawing 204. One end of the sliding cylinder 205 is provided with three through holes for winding the wire drawing 204, and the other end of the sliding cylinder 205 is provided with a hook ring for installing the tension spring 206. The number of tension springs 206 can be three and evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.

[0059] In one embodiment, the umbrella rib assembly includes a fixed sleeve 207 and a four-bar linkage. The fixed sleeve 207 is fixed on the sliding shaft 208 above the sliding cylinder 205. The top of the tension spring is fixedly connected to the fixed sleeve. The four-bar linkage includes a first adjusting rod, a second adjusting rod, a third adjusting rod and an umbrella rib rod 209. The first adjusting rod and the second adjusting rod are distributed side by side and one end of each is rotatably connected to the fixed sleeve 207, and the other end is rotatably connected to the umbrella rib rod 209. The length of the second adjusting rod is greater than the length of the first adjusting rod. One end of the third adjusting rod is rotatably connected to the sliding cylinder 205, and the other end is rotatably connected to the umbrella rib rod 209. The third adjusting rod can drive the umbrella rib rod 209 to expand or retract when following the sliding cylinder 205 to slide up and down so that the umbrella cover 210 can be expanded and retracted. The umbrella rib rod 209 is in an expanded state when the wire drawing 204 is at room temperature.

[0060] When the sliding tube 205 is in the normal temperature equilibrium position, the rib rod 209 is in the extended state; when the sliding tube 205 moves downward, the rib rod 209 is in the retracted state, and when retracted, it is located in the opening 212 of the side wall of the extension tube 203, such as Figure 3 The length direction of the opening 212 is consistent with the axial direction of the sliding shaft 208 .

[0061] The umbrella 210 is preferably made of a flexible, wear-resistant, waterproof film polymer material with certain stretchability and shape-forming ability, such as polyvinyl chloride film. The umbrella is wound in a ring shape with the outer diameter of the expansion and contraction tube, and three cylindrical sleeves are designed to be inserted into the umbrella rib rod and fixed to the umbrella rib rod by crimping. The umbrella is installed on the outside of the expansion and contraction tube. In the expanded state, it is close to the inner wall of the wellbore to reduce the risk of slipping of the wellbore lifting section; in the folded state, it is close to the outer wall of the expansion and contraction tube to reduce the resistance of the wellbore falling and improve the drainage efficiency.

[0062] The rib assembly has the function of adjusting the sealing state and lifting speed for the plunger body 200. Specifically, during the combined ascending process of the plunger body 200 and the sealing ball 100, the annular grooves on the side walls of the sealing tube 201, the expansion tube 203 and the impact tube 211 are used for turbulent sealing. At the same time, after leaving the high-temperature environment at the bottom of the well and falling below the phase transition temperature of the shape memory alloy material, the drawing wire 204 made of the shape memory alloy is restored to allow the rib assembly to unfold autonomously, and an umbrella-shaped seal is achieved by the umbrella surface 210 being close to the inner wall of the gas wellbore. The sealing method combining turbulent sealing and umbrella-shaped sealing reduces gas slippage and increases liquid lifting efficiency. During the falling process, the timed heating function of the first control module is used to actively heat the wire drawing 204. The heating start and end time and the current can be set by equipping a remote controller to achieve the controllable and orderly folding of the rib assembly. After the heating stops, the wire drawing 204 is restored under the action of the ambient temperature to open the rib assembly. By changing the falling resistance, the falling speed of the plunger body 200 is adjusted to reduce the risk of premature combination with the sealing ball 100. After sinking to the bottom of the well, since the bottom temperature is higher than the phase change temperature of the shape memory alloy material, the wire drawing 204 shrinks, causing the rib assembly to fold autonomously, which is conducive to the deposition of the accumulated liquid and improves the drainage and gas recovery efficiency.

[0063] In one embodiment, see Figure 4 and Figure 6 The sealing ball 100 includes a shell 101, an intelligent sensing microsystem and a filler 102. The intelligent sensing microsystem is installed in the shell 101. The filler 102 is filled between the shell 101 and the intelligent sensing microsystem. The intelligent sensing microsystem includes a second processing circuit, a temperature sensor 105, a pressure sensor 104, an acceleration sensor and an angular rate sensor. The second processing circuit includes a second microprocessor, a second power supply unit electrically connected to the second microprocessor, a second communication unit, a second clock unit and a state switching unit. The temperature sensor 105, the pressure sensor 104, the acceleration sensor and the angular rate sensor are all electrically connected to the second microprocessor.

[0064] Specifically, the housing 101 is an impact-resistant closed spherical structure, preferably made of a pressure-bearing high-strength material, such as stainless steel, titanium alloy, and non-metallic polydimethylsiloxane PDMS, etc. The housing 101 is provided with temperature through holes and pressure through holes for contact measurement of the temperature sensor 105 and the pressure sensor 104. The filler 102 is preferably filled and packaged with epoxy resin, which can be temperature-resistant, heat-insulating, shock-proof, and vibration-proof, and reduce density.

[0065] The acceleration sensor is a MEMS acceleration sensor, and the angular rate sensor is a MEMS angular rate sensor. The temperature sensor 105 is preferably a micro thermocouple, one end of which is electrically connected to the rigid-flexible circuit board 103, and the other end is pre-buried in the temperature through hole of the shell 101, so as to realize the contact measurement of the temperature outside the sealing ball 100. The pressure sensor 104 adopts a core-type piezoresistive sensor, one end of which is connected to the pressure through hole of the shell 101, and the other end is electrically connected to the rigid-flexible circuit board 103. The data collected by the temperature sensor 105, the pressure sensor 104, the MEMS acceleration sensor and the MEMS angular rate sensor are transmitted to the second microprocessor through the serial port protocol, and the temperature, pressure and the distance between the sealing ball 100 and the wellhead of the gas well are sensed and stored. The second microprocessor can convert the distance between the sealing ball 100 and the wellhead according to the data collected by the acceleration sensor and the angular rate sensor, thereby realizing the function of sensing the position of the sealing ball 100.

[0066] When the sealing ball 100 rises to a designated position near the wellhead in combination with the plunger body 200, it receives a communication instruction sent by the intelligent control unit, and the second communication unit starts wireless data transmission with the intelligent control unit. After completion, the second communication unit is controlled to be closed according to the communication closing instruction sent by the intelligent control unit. Of course, the above is only an example of the start and close of the second communication unit, and other methods are also possible, specifically: the second microprocessor calculates the depth value of the sealing ball 100 from the wellhead based on the data collected by the acceleration sensor and the angular velocity sensor. When the position of the sealing ball 100 rises to the depth threshold specified by the wellhead attachment, the second communication unit is controlled to automatically start to communicate with the intelligent control unit. After the data transmission is completed, the second communication unit is in the open state until the position of the sealing ball 100 exceeds the depth threshold, and then the second communication unit is automatically controlled to be closed.

[0067] In addition, the sealing ball 100 has a self-wake-up function of autonomous switching state. During the stay at the bottom of the gas well, according to the real-time measurement results of the temperature sensor 105, the pressure sensor 104, the acceleration sensor and the angular velocity sensor, when the data of the four remain relatively stable and fluctuate less within a certain period of time (preferably five minutes), and the movement speed obtained after the acceleration and angular velocity data are updated by the quaternion method is close to zero, it is considered that the sealing ball 100 has not started the drainage and gas extraction rising and falling process at the bottom of the well at this time, and the intelligent sensing microsystem of the sealing ball 100 autonomously enters a low-power sleep mode, and only the temperature sensor 105 and the pressure sensor 104 with a sampling rate of 1Hz are kept to work normally, and other sensors enter the sleep mode. When the numerical difference between the real-time measurement results of the temperature sensor 105 and the pressure sensor 104 and the last measurement result exceeds the preset difference, it indicates that a large change has occurred, that is, a large temperature gradient and pressure gradient are generated, indicating that the sealing ball 100 has a rising and falling movement at this time, and the intelligent sensing microsystem switches the state from the sleep mode to the working mode, and all sensors work normally. In this way, the power consumption of the intelligent sensing microsystem on the sealing ball 100 is reduced and the use time is extended.

[0068] The power supply unit is preferably a micro rechargeable battery that can withstand 150°C. The second microprocessor is preferably an STM32 low-power processing chip, which provides clock, communication and data processing functions, obtains sensor measurement data through serial communication, performs time tags, and wirelessly transmits with the intelligent production control unit. At the same time, it can receive ground remote control commands for active state switching. The second processing circuit combines two rigid circuit boards that are folded once with a flexible circuit board. The rigid circuit board is a planar multi-layer structure, which is arranged with a second microprocessor, a second power supply unit, a second clock unit, a second communication unit and a state switching unit, as well as a MEMS acceleration sensor and a MEMS angular rate sensor. These devices are mechanically and electrically connected through the rigid circuit board. The flexible circuit board connects the two rigid circuit boards in an arc-shaped bend, and is only used for the electrical connection of the wiring between the circuit and the sensing part.

[0069] On the other hand, the present application also provides an intelligent gas well production optimization and regulation control system, including an intelligent adjustable wellhead module and a split plunger for gas well production as described in any of the above embodiments, the intelligent adjustable wellhead module includes an intelligent production control unit, an adjustable oil nozzle and a wellhead switch communicatively connected to the intelligent production control unit, the intelligent production control unit and the split plunger are wirelessly connected, and the intelligent production control unit is configured to automatically adjust the nozzle diameter size of the adjustable oil nozzle according to the wellhead parameter information and the internal parameter information of the gas well obtained from the split plunger, as well as automatically control the opening and closing of the wellhead switch and whether to execute the split plunger lifting and drainage.

[0070] Specifically, the adjustable oil nozzle includes an oil nozzle actuator and an oil nozzle controller. The oil nozzle actuator is connected to the oil nozzle controller. The oil nozzle controller is communicatively connected to the intelligent production control unit. The wellhead switch includes a wellhead switch valve, a pressure gauge and a flow meter. The wellhead switch valve, the pressure gauge and the flow meter are all communicatively connected to the intelligent production control unit.

[0071] The wellhead switch valve can be an electrically controlled throttle valve, in which the motor drives the valve stem to move up and down to control the opening of the valve.

[0072] The pressure gauge and flow meter are used to continuously and accurately measure the wellhead oil pressure, wellhead annular pressure, gas production and water production, and transmit the data to the intelligent production control unit.

[0073] The nozzle actuator adopts a combination of a first-level fixed nozzle and a second-level adjustable nozzle. The outer cage type electronically controlled nozzle is preferred, which is resistant to erosion, has low noise and is not easy to clog. The minimum adjustment amount of the nozzle diameter is 0.2mm each time it is calculated based on the motor step distance, and the instructions of the nozzle controller are executed.

[0074] The nozzle controller mainly controls the motor drive of the adjustable nozzle, receives instructions from the intelligent production control unit, and feeds back the motor working parameters to the intelligent production control unit for monitoring.

[0075] Also, see Figure 7 The present application also provides an intelligent gas well production optimization regulation control method, which is executed by using the intelligent gas well production optimization regulation control system described in any one of the above embodiments, and the regulation control method includes the following steps:

[0076] S1, within a set time period at the beginning of production, the multi-stage nozzle caliber is adjusted step by step according to the set one, and the initial characteristic quantity parameters corresponding to each nozzle caliber related to the gas well are obtained, wherein the characteristic quantity parameters include wellhead tubing pressure, wellhead casing pressure, gas production, water production, gas well internal temperature, gas well internal pressure and gas well internal liquid accumulation depth; in the above steps, the value of the set time period is not specifically limited in this application and is set according to actual conditions; in this step, the multi-stage nozzle caliber refers to the nozzle caliber being divided into multiple sizes from small to large, and the corresponding initial characteristic quantity parameters are obtained by adjusting the nozzle caliber of each size;

[0077] S2, inputting the obtained initial feature quantity parameters into the convolutional neural network model for training to obtain a training model for predicting the nozzle caliber and pressure drop;

[0078] S3, in the well opening state, real-time acquisition of current characteristic quantity parameters and inputting them into the predicted nozzle diameter and pressure drop training model to obtain the predicted nozzle diameter value and the predicted pressure drop range;

[0079] S4, controlling the nozzle diameter of the adjustable nozzle to be adjusted to the predicted nozzle diameter value, and determining whether the current pressure drop value is within the predicted pressure drop range;

[0080] S5, if the current pressure drop value is not within the predicted pressure drop range, the nozzle diameter of the adjustable nozzle is controlled to gradually increase or decrease according to the nozzle setting step until the current pressure drop value is within the predicted pressure drop range.

[0081] If the current pressure drop value is within the predicted pressure drop range, adjust the nozzle diameter to the predicted nozzle diameter value and maintain it unchanged.

[0082] In step S5, the predicted pressure drop interval is an interval range, and the minimum value of the interval is ΔP min , the maximum value of the interval is ΔP max If the current pressure drop value is less than ΔP min , the nozzle diameter of the adjustable nozzle is controlled to increase gradually according to the nozzle setting step. If the current pressure drop value is greater than ΔP max , the nozzle diameter of the adjustable nozzle is controlled to be gradually reduced according to the nozzle setting step.

[0083] In the above embodiments, the present invention takes into account the influence of the nozzle flow rate on the liquid carrying efficiency, predicts the optimal parameters of the nozzle diameter and the reasonable pressure drop range from the perspectives of improving production capacity, reducing the plunger lifting frequency, protecting the reservoir, and avoiding excessive formation pressure depletion, and automatically adjusts the nozzle diameter according to the deviation value between the actual wellhead pressure drop and the nozzle diameter, thereby realizing the automated closed-loop control adjustment and prediction functions, which helps to improve the total output value of the entire production cycle, reduce the number of liquid accumulation and well shut-in times, and improve production efficiency.

[0084] In one embodiment, the regulation control method further includes:

[0085] S6, inputting the initial characteristic quantity parameters into the long short-term memory neural network model for training to obtain a predicted production training model, a predicted shut-in time training model and a critical plunger lift pressure training model within a future set time period; in this step, the future set time period is not specifically limited in this application, for example, five days, and can be flexibly set according to actual requirements;

[0086] S7, under the production state of the gas well, the current characteristic quantity parameters are obtained in real time and inputted into the predicted production training model, the predicted shut-in time training model and the critical plunger lift pressure training model respectively, so as to obtain the corresponding current predicted production, the current predicted shut-in time and the critical plunger lift pressure threshold; and the current characteristic quantity parameters are inputted into the long short-term memory neural network model as the initial characteristic quantity parameters of a new round for training to obtain a new round of predicted production training model, predicted shut-in time training model and critical plunger lift pressure training model within a future set time period;

[0087] S8, calculating the predicted production per unit time according to the current predicted production, and comparing it with the gas content in the critical liquid carrying flow rate;

[0088] S9, if the predicted production per unit time is less than the gas content in the critical liquid carrying flow rate, then compare the difference between the wellhead casing pressure and the wellhead tubing pressure with the critical plunger lift pressure threshold;

[0089] S10, if the difference between the wellhead casing pressure and the wellhead tubing pressure is greater than or equal to the critical plunger lifting pressure threshold, then control the wellhead switch to open to perform plunger lifting and drainage;

[0090] S11, if the difference between the wellhead casing pressure and the wellhead tubing pressure is less than the plunger lifting pressure value, the wellhead switch is controlled to be in a closed state and the timing starts. When the predicted shut-in time is reached, the wellhead switch is controlled to open to perform plunger lifting and drainage.

[0091] In step S6, the long short-term memory neural network model includes three different models, namely, a first long short-term memory neural network model is used to train to obtain a predicted production training model, a second long short-term memory neural network model is used to train to obtain a predicted shut-in time training model, and a third long short-term memory neural network model is used to train to obtain a critical plunger lift pressure training model.

[0092] In this application, the specific calculation formula of the critical night flow rate Q is as follows:

[0093] Q=S×V

[0094] Where S is the nozzle cross-sectional area, V represents the critical liquid carrying velocity, and the calculation formula of S is:

[0095]

[0096] Wherein, D represents the nozzle diameter.

[0097] The calculation formula of V is as follows:

[0098]

[0099] Among them, ρ1 represents the gas density of gas-liquid mixed production, ρ g represents gas density, C represents adjustment coefficient, and according to the Turner vertical well model parameter C is taken as 5.48.

[0100] It should be noted that the steps S1-S5 of executing the nozzle diameter adjustment and the steps S6-S13 of executing the plunger lifting start timing judgment and the gas wellhead switch control can be executed simultaneously, or the nozzle diameter adjustment can be executed first, and then the plunger lifting start timing judgment and the gas wellhead switch control are executed, or the plunger lifting start timing judgment and the gas wellhead switch control are executed first, and then the nozzle diameter adjustment is executed. Preferably, the two are executed simultaneously.

[0101] In the above embodiment, the present invention utilizes multiple characteristic parameters at the wellhead and inside the gas well, based on the long short-term memory neural network model, to obtain the critical plunger lift pressure threshold, predict future gas well production changes and predict the shut-in time, and combine the difference between the wellhead casing pressure and the wellhead tubing pressure with the size of the critical plunger lift pressure threshold to autonomously determine the timing of plunger lift start and automatically control the gas well switch, which has the characteristics of rapid response, timely process intervention, fast oil pressure recovery, reduced labor costs and improved production efficiency.

[0102] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A split plunger for gas well production, characterized in that: The utility model comprises a sealing ball and a plunger body, wherein the plunger body comprises a plunger barrel, an umbrella surface, an umbrella rib assembly, an umbrella driving assembly and a first control module. The interior of the plunger barrel is a through hollow structure. A hollow sliding shaft is fixed in the plunger barrel, and at least three umbrella rib assemblies distributed along the circumference of the plunger barrel are installed on the sliding shaft. An opening is provided at a position corresponding to the umbrella rib assembly on the side wall of the plunger barrel. The umbrella surface is sleeved on the outside of the plunger barrel and connected with the umbrella rib assembly through the opening. The umbrella driving assembly is installed on the sliding shaft in the plunger barrel and is electrically connected with the first control module. The first control module is installed in the plunger barrel and can control the umbrella driving assembly to drive the umbrella rib assembly to make the umbrella surface perform an expansion and contraction action. The umbrella driving assembly is configured to automatically control the umbrella rib assembly to drive the umbrella surface to perform an expansion and contraction action according to the temperature change in the gas well. The umbrella surface is in close contact with the inner wall of the gas well in the expanded state and in close contact with the outer wall of the plunger barrel in the folded state. The sealing ball and the bottom of the plunger barrel can be mechanically combined and sealed or mechanically separated in the gas well.

2. The split plunger for gas well production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plunger cylinder includes an impact cylinder, an expansion cylinder and a sealing cylinder which are fixedly connected in sequence from top to bottom in the lifting direction, the sliding shaft is fixed in the expansion cylinder, the opening is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the expansion cylinder, the inner wall surface of the bottom end of the sealing cylinder is an arc surface and matches the curvature radius of the sealing ball, and the outer peripheral walls of the impact cylinder, the expansion cylinder and the sealing cylinder are each provided with a plurality of equally spaced annular grooves, and the cross-section of the annular groove is an arc shape.

3. The split plunger for gas well production according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first control module includes a first processing circuit, an acoustic wave sensor and a heater. The first processing circuit and the heater are both installed on a chassis. The acoustic wave sensor is installed on the inner wall of the sealing tube to detect the liquid level depth in the gas well. The heater is configured to provide a heating current to the umbrella drive assembly. The first processing circuit includes a first microprocessor, a first power supply unit electrically connected to the first microprocessor, a first clock unit, a first communication unit and a first control unit. The acoustic wave sensor and the heater are both electrically connected to the first microprocessor.

4. The split plunger for gas well production according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sealing ball includes a shell, an intelligent sensing microsystem and a filler. The intelligent sensing microsystem is installed in the shell, and the filler is filled between the shell and the intelligent sensing microsystem. The intelligent sensing microsystem includes a second processing circuit, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, an acceleration sensor and an angular rate sensor. The second processing circuit includes a second microprocessor, a second power supply unit electrically connected to the second microprocessor, a second communication unit, a second clock unit and a state switching unit. The temperature sensor, pressure sensor, acceleration sensor and angular rate sensor are all electrically connected to the second microprocessor.

5. The split plunger for gas well production according to claim 3, characterized in that: The umbrella driving assembly includes a chassis, a sliding cylinder, a tension spring and a wire drawing. The chassis is in a circular ring shape and is fixed to the bottom end of the expansion and contraction cylinder. The sliding cylinder is sleeved on the sliding shaft. The top end of the sliding cylinder is connected to the sliding shaft through a tension spring. The bottom end of the sliding cylinder is connected to the chassis through a wire drawing. The wire drawing is made of shape memory alloy. The wire drawing is in a pre-tightened state at room temperature. The heater is electrically connected to the wire drawing to provide a heating current to the wire drawing. The sliding cylinder can slide up and down relative to the sliding shaft under the joint action of the wire drawing and the tension spring.

6. The split plunger for gas well production according to claim 5, characterized in that: The umbrella rib assembly includes a fixing sleeve and a four-bar linkage, the fixing sleeve is fixed on the sliding shaft above the sliding cylinder, the top of the tension spring is fixedly connected to the fixing sleeve, the four-bar linkage includes a first adjusting rod, a second adjusting rod, a third adjusting rod and an umbrella rib rod, the first adjusting rod and the second adjusting rod are distributed side by side and one end of each is rotatably connected to the fixing sleeve, and the other end is rotatably connected to the umbrella rib rod, the length of the second adjusting rod is greater than the length of the first adjusting rod, one end of the third adjusting rod is rotatably connected to the sliding cylinder, and the other end is rotatably connected to the umbrella rib rod, the third adjusting rod can drive the umbrella rib rod to expand or retract in the process of sliding up and down following the sliding cylinder to make the umbrella surface expand and retract, and the umbrella rib rod is in an expanded state when the wire drawing is at room temperature.

7. An intelligent gas well production optimization and regulation control system, characterized in that: It comprises an intelligent adjustable wellhead module and a split plunger for gas well production as described in any one of claims 4-6, wherein the intelligent adjustable wellhead module comprises an intelligent production control unit, an adjustable nozzle and a wellhead switch which are communicatively connected to the intelligent production control unit, the intelligent production control unit is wirelessly connected to the split plunger, and the intelligent production control unit is configured to automatically adjust the nozzle diameter of the adjustable nozzle according to wellhead parameter information and internal parameter information of the gas well obtained from the split plunger, as well as automatically control the opening and closing of the wellhead switch and whether to execute the split plunger lifting and drainage.

8. The intelligent gas well production optimization and regulation control system according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The adjustable nozzle includes a nozzle actuator and a nozzle controller, the nozzle actuator is connected to the nozzle controller, the nozzle controller is communicatively connected to the intelligent production control unit, the wellhead switch includes a wellhead switch valve, a pressure gauge and a flow meter, and the wellhead switch valve, pressure gauge and flow meter are all communicatively connected to the intelligent production control unit.

9. An intelligent gas well production optimization and regulation control method, characterized in that: The regulation control method is executed by using the intelligent gas well production optimization regulation control system according to any one of claims 7 to 8, and the regulation control method comprises the following steps: During a set time period at the beginning of production, the multi-stage nozzle caliber is adjusted step by step according to the set caliber, and the initial characteristic quantity parameters corresponding to each stage nozzle caliber related to the gas well are obtained, wherein the characteristic quantity parameters include wellhead tubing pressure, wellhead casing pressure, gas production, water production, gas well internal temperature, gas well internal pressure and gas well internal liquid accumulation depth; Inputting the initial characteristic quantity parameters into a convolutional neural network model for training to obtain a training model for predicting nozzle caliber and pressure drop; In the well opening state, the current characteristic quantity parameters are obtained in real time and input into the predicted nozzle diameter and pressure drop training model to obtain the predicted nozzle diameter value and the predicted pressure drop interval; Controlling the nozzle diameter of the adjustable nozzle to be adjusted to the predicted nozzle diameter value, and determining whether the current pressure drop value is within the predicted pressure drop range; If the current pressure drop value is not within the predicted pressure drop range, the nozzle diameter of the adjustable nozzle is controlled to gradually increase or decrease according to the nozzle setting step until the current pressure drop value is within the predicted pressure drop range.

10. The intelligent gas well production optimization and regulation control method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The regulation control method also includes: Inputting the initial characteristic quantity parameters into the long short-term memory neural network model for training to obtain a predicted production training model, a predicted shut-in time training model and a critical plunger lift pressure training model within a future set time period respectively; Under the gas well production state, the current characteristic quantity parameters are obtained in real time and input into the predicted production training model, the predicted shut-in time training model and the critical plunger lift pressure training model respectively, so as to obtain the corresponding current predicted production, the current predicted shut-in time and the critical plunger lift pressure threshold; Calculate the predicted production per unit time according to the current predicted production, and compare it with the gas content in the critical liquid carrying flow rate; If the predicted production per unit time is less than the gas content in the critical liquid carrying flow rate, then comparing the difference between the wellhead casing pressure and the wellhead tubing pressure with the critical plunger lift pressure threshold; If the difference between the wellhead casing pressure and the wellhead tubing pressure is greater than or equal to the critical plunger lifting pressure threshold, the wellhead switch is controlled to open to lift the plunger and drain water; If the difference between the wellhead casing pressure and the wellhead tubing pressure is less than the plunger lift pressure value, the wellhead switch is controlled to be in a closed state and timing is started. When the predicted shut-in time is reached, the wellhead switch is controlled to open for plunger lift drainage.

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