A method for measuring amplitude-phase deviation of an analog active phased array

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of amplitude-phase deviation measurement methods of analog active phased array, it is calculated with the measured complex transmission pattern / measured complex receiving pattern one-time to obtain the amplitude deviation ratio and phase deviation value of all uplink / all downlink of one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array, the amplitude-phase deviation of two-dimensional planar array or two-dimensional conformal array is determined using the amplitude-phase deviation of all one-dimensional linear array or all one-dimensional conformal array.Compared with existing amplitude-phase deviation measurement method, the transmission pattern / receiving pattern is calibrated using the amplitude-phase deviation measurement method, which is a direct calibration method for transmission pattern / receiving pattern, since the measured transmission pattern / measured receiving pattern includes the influence of mutual coupling effect between antenna elements, the transmission pattern / receiving pattern formed has smaller deviation from the expected transmission pattern / receiving pattern, and the method has the advantages of short measurement time, high measurement efficiency, low measurement cost and the like.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of analog active phased array calibration measurement, and particularly relates to a kind of analog active phased array amplitude-phase deviation measurement method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Analog phased array includes analog passive phased array and analog active phased array.Analog passive phased array adopts centralized power amplification, and system robustness is poor.Analog active phased array adopts distributed power amplification, and system robustness is good.Analog passive phased array and analog active phased array utilize digital attenuator and digital phase shifter in T / R module to directly control the amplitude and phase of analog radio frequency signal, thereby forming specified transmit pattern / receive pattern. Figure 1 According to the prior art, each antenna unit of analog active phased array is connected with one uplink and one downlink through a diplexer.Due to the consistency difference of signal processing of each uplink / downlink, such as the consistency difference of signal transmission line length and various device performance, the amplitude-phase deviation of each uplink / downlink must be measured before analog active phased array is shipped and after analog active phased array is used for a certain period of time, and the measured amplitude-phase deviation is used to calibrate the attenuation of digital attenuator and the phase shift of digital phase shifter, so as to obtain high-precision transmit pattern / receive pattern.

[0003] The main purpose of amplitude-phase deviation measurement of analog active phased array is to calibrate transmit pattern / receive pattern.The existing amplitude-phase deviation measurement method needs to measure each uplink / downlink respectively.Due to the large number of antenna units of analog active phased array, the existing amplitude-phase deviation measurement method needs to consume a large amount of measurement time, and the measurement efficiency is low and the measurement cost is high.More importantly, the existing amplitude-phase deviation measurement method determines the amplitude-phase deviation of each uplink / downlink by measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of transmit signal / receive signal corresponding to each antenna unit, and the existing amplitude-phase deviation measurement method is an indirect calibration method for transmit pattern / receive pattern, and the calibrated transmit pattern / receive pattern is greatly deviated from the expected transmit pattern / receive pattern due to the mutual coupling effect between antenna units. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides an amplitude-phase deviation measurement method of analog active phased array, which utilizes measured complex transmit pattern / measured complex receive pattern Figure 1The amplitude deviation ratio and phase deviation value of all uplink / downlink of one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array are calculated at one time, compared with the existing amplitude and phase deviation measurement method, the attenuation of the numerical control attenuator and the phase shift of the numerical control phase shifter are calibrated by using the amplitude and phase deviation measurement method, the formed transmitting / receiving direction pattern has smaller deviation from the expected transmitting / receiving direction pattern, and the method has the advantages of short measurement time, high measurement efficiency and low measurement cost.

[0005] The application discloses a method for measuring amplitude-phase deviation of an analog active phased array, and has the technical scheme that each antenna unit of the analog active phased array is connected with a downlink and an uplink through a duplexer, each uplink comprises a quadrature modulator, an up-converter, a digital controlled phase shifter, a digital controlled attenuator, a power amplifier, the duplexer and the antenna unit connected in sequence, and each downlink comprises the antenna unit, the duplexer, a limiter, a low noise amplifier (LNA), the digital controlled attenuator, the digital controlled phase shifter, a down-converter and a quadrature demodulator connected in sequence; the antenna array of the analog active phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array or a two-dimensional plane array or a two-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array when the amplitude-phase deviation of the one-dimensional conformal array is measured; the measurement of the amplitude-phase deviation of the analog active phased array is realized based on the uplink and / or the downlink of the analog active phased array; when the amplitude-phase deviation is measured based on the uplink of the analog active phased array, the phase shift amount and the attenuation amount of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are set through the digital controlled phase shifter and the digital controlled attenuator and remain unchanged during single measurement, the transmitting system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is started, the input complex digital baseband signal of all the quadrature modulators remains unchanged during single measurement, the analog radio frequency signal is output through the quadrature modulator and the up-converter, the electromagnetic wave is radiated to the space by the corresponding antenna unit through the analog radio frequency signal, the complex transmitting directional diagram of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured, the array factor complex transmitting directional diagram of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is calculated, the measured amplitude and the measured phase of the transmitting signal of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated by using the array factor complex transmitting directional diagram, and the amplitude deviation ratio and the phase deviation value of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated by using the measured amplitude and the measured phase of the transmitting signal; when the amplitude-phase deviation is measured based on the downlink of the analog active phased array, the same phase shift amount and the same attenuation amount are used for each downlink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array through the digital controlled phase shifter and the digital controlled attenuator, the analog radio frequency signal transmitter is arranged in the far field in front of the antenna array horizontal plane, the analog radio frequency signal is transmitted by the analog radio frequency signal transmitter and remains unchanged during single measurement, the receiving system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is started, the complex receiving directional diagram of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured, the array factor complex receiving directional diagram of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is calculated, the measured amplitude and the measured phase of the receiving signal of each downlink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated by using the array factor complex receiving directional diagram, and the amplitude deviation ratio and the phase deviation value of each downlink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated by using the measured amplitude and the measured phase of the receiving signal.The amplitude and phase deviation of the two-dimensional planar array is determined by measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of all one-dimensional linear arrays contained in the two-dimensional planar array, and the amplitude and phase deviation of the two-dimensional conformal array is determined by measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of all one-dimensional conformal arrays contained in the two-dimensional conformal array; the amplitude and phase deviation measurement method is specifically as follows:

[0006] When measuring the uplink amplitude and phase deviation of the analog active phased array, if the antenna array of the analog active phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array, the complex transmitting pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and the measurement round is represented by i = 1, 2…I; in the i-th measurement, the phase shift amount of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional linear array is set as or the phase shift amount of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array is set as The attenuation amount of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is set as D, wherein n represents the uplink and the antenna element number of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array, n = 0, 1…N-1, N is the number of antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array, d is the distance between adjacent antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array, θ i is the angle between the main lobe pointing direction of the transmitting pattern set in the i-th measurement and the normal line of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array, K is an integer, and the value of K is adjusted to make or the value range of or is [0, 2π), the unit of is radian, and D is a constant, the value range of D is (0, 1], λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog radio frequency signal output by the upconverter, Δd ni represents the distance difference between the n-th antenna element of the one-dimensional conformal array and the n-th antenna element of the virtual one-dimensional linear array in the θ i direction, and S i (u) represents the complex transmitting pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array obtained in the i-th measurement, wherein u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array, θ is the angle between the electromagnetic wave radiation direction and the normal line of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is [-90°, 90°), then the array factor complex transmitting pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is wherein E(u) is the complex transmitting pattern of the antenna element of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array; F i (u) is the shift function of F i (u-2π), and the function obtained by adding F Indicates that the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then

[0007] Use positive numbers It represents the measured amplitude of the nth uplink transmission signal of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement, and is expressed as represents the measured phase of the nth uplink transmission signal of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement, and Calculated by the following algorithm:

[0008]

[0009] Or use a positive number It represents the measured amplitude of the nth uplink transmission signal of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement, and is expressed as represents the measured phase of the nth uplink transmission signal of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement, and Calculated by the following algorithm:

[0010]

[0011] in for The sampling sequence of m represents the discrete independent variable, e represents the natural exponential symbol, j represents the imaginary unit, | | represents the modulus of the complex number, represent The phase, or The unit of is radians;

[0012] right Periodize with 2π as the period, so that The value range is [0, 2π); the amplitude deviation ratio Δa of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array u (n) and phase deviation value Calculated by the following algorithm:

[0013]

[0014] The calculated formula (2) Periodize with 2π as the period, so that The value range of is [0, 2π);

[0015] or Periodize with 2π as the period, so that The value range is [0, 2π); the amplitude deviation ratio of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array and phase deviation Calculated by the following algorithm:

[0016]

[0017] The calculated formula (4) is Periodize with 2π as the period, so that The value range is [0, 2π).

[0018] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the simulated active phased array, if the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array, the two-dimensional planar array is composed of L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays in the horizontal direction and N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays in the vertical direction, when L≤N, the complex transmission patterns of the L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit in the lth row and nth column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (1), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the lth row and nth column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (2); when L>N, the complex transmission patterns of the N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (1), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (2), where l=0,1…L-1, n=0,1…N-1.

[0019] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the simulated active phased array, if the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a two-dimensional conformal array, a virtual two-dimensional plane array is constructed based on the two-dimensional conformal array. The virtual two-dimensional plane array is composed of L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays from a horizontal perspective, and is composed of N vertical virtual one-dimensional conformal arrays from a vertical perspective. When L≤N, the complex transmission patterns of the L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink corresponding to the antenna unit of the lth row and nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using formula (3). The link amplitude deviation ratio is calculated by using formula (4) to calculate the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the lth row and nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array. When L>N, the complex transmission pattern of N longitudinal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays is measured respectively. The uplink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using formula (3). The uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using formula (4), where l = 0, 1…L-1, n = 0, 1…N-1.

[0020] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the simulated active phased array, if the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array, and the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and i=1,2…I represents the measurement round; R is used as the integer of the two integers. i (u) represents the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array obtained in the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal emitted by the analog RF signal transmitter, θ is the angle between the incident direction of the electromagnetic wave and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is [-90°, 90°). The complex receiving pattern of the array factor of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array is Where E(u) is the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array antenna unit; G i (u) and its translation function G i The function obtained by adding (u-2π) is Indicates that the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then

[0021]

[0022] Use positive number A i (n) represents the measured amplitude of the nth downlink received signal of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement, and ψ i (n) represents the measured phase of the nth downlink received signal of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement, A i (n) and ψ i (n) is calculated using the following algorithm:

[0023]

[0024] Or use a positive number It represents the measured amplitude of the nth downlink received signal of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement, and is expressed as represents the measured phase of the nth downlink received signal of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement, and Calculated by the following algorithm:

[0025]

[0026] in for sampling sequence, m represents a discrete independent variable, N represents the number of antenna units of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array, n represents the sequence number of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array downlink and antenna units, represent the phase of i (n) or in radians, and Δd n is the distance difference between the n th antenna unit of the one-dimensional conformal array and the n th antenna unit of the virtual one-dimensional linear array in the θ direction;

[0027] The ψ i (n) is periodically processed with a period of 2π, so that the value range of ψ i (n) is [0, 2π) interval; the amplitude deviation ratio Δa d (n) of the n th downlink of the one-dimensional linear array and the phase deviation value are calculated by the following algorithm:

[0028]

[0029] The ψ calculated by formula (6) is periodically processed with a period of 2π, so that the value range of ψ is [0, 2π) interval;

[0030] Or the ψ is periodically processed with a period of 2π, so that the value range of ψ is [0, 2π) interval; the amplitude deviation ratio Δa of the n th downlink of the one-dimensional conformal array and the phase deviation value are calculated by the following algorithm:

[0031]

[0032] The ψ calculated by formula (8) is periodically processed with a period of 2π, so that the value range of ψ is [0, 2π) interval.

[0033] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the analog active phased array, if the antenna array of the analog active phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array, the two-dimensional planar array is composed of L one-dimensional linear arrays in the transverse direction and N one-dimensional linear arrays in the longitudinal direction, L≤N, the complex receiving patterns of the L one-dimensional linear arrays in the transverse direction are measured respectively, the downlink amplitude deviation ratio of the antenna element in the lth row and the nth column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by using formula (5), the downlink phase deviation value of the antenna element in the lth row and the nth column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by using formula (6), L>N, the complex receiving patterns of the N one-dimensional linear arrays in the longitudinal direction are measured respectively, the downlink amplitude deviation ratio of the antenna element in the nth column and the lth row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by using formula (5), the downlink phase deviation value of the antenna element in the nth column and the lth row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by using formula (6), wherein l=0, 1…L-1, n=0, 1…N-1.

[0034] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the analog active phased array, if the antenna array of the analog active phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array, the two-dimensional planar array is composed of L one-dimensional linear arrays in the transverse direction and N one-dimensional linear arrays in the longitudinal direction, L≤N, the complex receiving patterns of the L one-dimensional linear arrays in the transverse direction are measured respectively, the downlink amplitude deviation ratio of the antenna element in the lth row and the nth column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by using formula (5), the downlink phase deviation value of the antenna element in the lth row and the nth column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by using formula (6), L>N, the complex receiving patterns of the N one-dimensional linear arrays in the longitudinal direction are measured respectively, the downlink amplitude deviation ratio of the antenna element in the nth column and the lth row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by using formula (5), the downlink phase deviation value of the antenna element in the nth column and the lth row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by using formula (6), wherein l=0, 1…L-1, n=0, 1…N-1.

[0035] The amplitude and phase deviation measurement method of the analog active phased array has the following advantages:

[0036] 1. The existing amplitude and phase deviation measurement method needs to measure each uplink and each downlink respectively, which causes long measurement time, low measurement efficiency and high measurement cost. The amplitude and phase deviation measurement method can calculate the amplitude deviation ratio and the phase deviation value of all uplinks and all downlinks of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array at one time by using the measured complex transmitting pattern and the measured complex receiving pattern, which has the advantages of short measurement time, high measurement efficiency and low measurement cost.

[0037] 2. As described in the background, the calibration of the transmit / receive pattern using the existing amplitude and phase deviation measurement method is an indirect calibration method of the transmit / receive pattern, and the calibrated transmit / receive pattern deviates greatly from the expected transmit / receive pattern due to the mutual coupling effect between the antenna elements. The amplitude and phase deviation measurement method directly calculates the amplitude and phase deviation of each uplink / downlink using the measured transmit / receive pattern, and the calibration of the transmit / receive pattern using the amplitude and phase deviation measurement method is a direct calibration method of the transmit / receive pattern, and the calibrated transmit / receive pattern deviates less from the expected transmit / receive pattern due to the influence of the mutual coupling effect between the antenna elements.

[0038] 3. The amplitude and phase deviation measurement method is not only suitable for the amplitude and phase deviation measurement of an analog active phased array, but also suitable for the amplitude and phase deviation measurement of an analog passive phased array. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. The drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0040] Figure 1 Analog active phased array and its signal processing flowchart;

[0041] Figure 2 Structural schematic diagram of one-dimensional linear array;

[0042] Figure 3 Structural schematic diagram of two-dimensional planar array. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely in combination with the drawings in the present application. The following description is only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present application, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the protection scope of the present application.

[0044] An amplitude and phase deviation measurement method of an analog active phased array, referring to Figure 1, each antenna unit of the analog active phased array is connected with a downlink and an uplink through a duplexer respectively, each uplink comprises a quadrature modulator, an up-converter, a digital controlled phase shifter, a digital controlled attenuator, a power amplifier, the duplexer, and an antenna unit connected in sequence, the quadrature modulator converts an input complex digital baseband signal into an analog signal, see patent No. ZL202310902955.5 for the "quadrature modulator", and each downlink comprises an antenna unit, the duplexer, a limiter, an LNA, a digital controlled attenuator, a digital controlled phase shifter, a down-converter, and a quadrature demodulator connected in sequence, the quadrature demodulator converts an analog signal output by the down-converter into a complex digital baseband receiving signal, see patent No. ZL202310902955.5 for the "quadrature demodulator"; the antenna array of the analog active phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array or a two-dimensional planar array or a two-dimensional conformal array, and a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array when measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the one-dimensional conformal array; the amplitude and phase deviation measurement of the analog active phased array is realized based on the uplink and / or downlink of the analog active phased array;When the uplink measurement amplitude-phase deviation based on the analog active phased array is measured, the phase-shifting amount and the attenuation amount of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are set by the digital controlled phase shifter and the digital controlled attenuator and remain unchanged during a single measurement, the transmitting system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is started and the receiving system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is closed (when the antenna array adopts the two-dimensional planar array or the two-dimensional conformal array, all the transmitting systems and the receiving systems of the two-dimensional planar array or the two-dimensional conformal array are closed first, and then the transmitting system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array to be measured is started), the input complex digital baseband signal of all the quadrature modulators remains unchanged during a single measurement, the input complex digital baseband signal is outputted as an analog radio frequency signal through the quadrature modulator and the upconverter, the analog radio frequency signal is radiated as electromagnetic waves in space through the digital controlled phase shifter, the digital controlled attenuator, the power amplifier and the duplexer by the corresponding antenna unit, and the complex transmitting pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is measured by using the prior art, for example, in a microwave darkroom, an analog radio frequency signal receiver is arranged in the far field in front of the antenna array in the horizontal plane, the analog radio frequency signal receiver converts the received analog radio frequency signal into a first complex digital baseband signal, the analog radio frequency signal receiver is described in the patent application No. 2024114624466, the antenna array is rotated so that the normal line of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is scanned from -90° to 90° successively, the complex transmitting pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured by recording the first complex digital baseband signal received by the analog radio frequency signal receiver at each rotation angle, and then the array factor complex transmitting pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is calculated, the measured amplitude and the measured phase of the transmitting signal of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated by using the array factor complex transmitting pattern, and the amplitude deviation ratio and the phase deviation value of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated by using the measured amplitude and the measured phase of the transmitting signal.When the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink of the analog active phased array is measured, the same phase shift and the same attenuation are set for each downlink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array by the digital controlled phase shifter and the digital controlled attenuator, the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is measured by the prior art, for example, in the microwave anechoic chamber, the analog radio frequency signal transmitter is arranged in the far field in front of the horizontal plane of the antenna array, the analog radio frequency signal transmitter transmits the analog radio frequency signal and remains unchanged during a single measurement, the receiving system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is started and the transmitting system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is turned off (when the antenna array adopts the two-dimensional planar array or the two-dimensional conformal array, all the transmitting systems and the receiving systems of the two-dimensional planar array or the two-dimensional conformal array are turned off first, and then the receiving system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array to be measured is started), the analog radio frequency signal received by each antenna element of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array outputs the complex digital baseband receiving signal through the downlink, all the complex digital baseband receiving signals are added to obtain the second complex digital baseband signal received by the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array, the antenna array is rotated to make the normal line of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array scan from -90° to 90°, the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured by recording the second complex digital baseband signal received at each rotation angle, and the array factor complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is calculated, the measured amplitude and the measured phase of the receiving signal of each downlink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated by using the array factor complex receiving pattern, and the amplitude deviation ratio and the phase deviation value of each downlink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated by using the measured amplitude and the measured phase of the receiving signal; the amplitude and phase deviation of the two-dimensional planar array is determined by measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of all the one-dimensional linear arrays contained in the two-dimensional planar array, and the amplitude and phase deviation of the two-dimensional conformal array is determined by measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of all the one-dimensional conformal arrays contained in the two-dimensional conformal array; the amplitude and phase deviation measurement method is specifically as follows:

[0045] When the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink of the analog active phased array is measured, if the antenna array of the analog active phased array adopts the one-dimensional linear array, the complex transmitting pattern of the one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and i=1, 2…I represents the measurement round; the phase shift of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array is set as i the angle between the main lobe of the transmitting pattern set for the i-th measurement and the normal line of the one-dimensional linear array, K is an integer, and the value of K is adjusted to make The value range of is [0, 2π). The unit is radian, D is a constant, and the value range of D is (0,1]. λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal output by the up-converter, and S i (u) represents the complex emission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array obtained at the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the one-dimensional linear array, θ is the angle between the electromagnetic wave radiation direction and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is [-90°, 90°). The complex emission pattern of the array factor of the one-dimensional linear array is Where E(u) is the complex emission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array antenna unit; F i (u) and its translation function F i The function obtained by adding (u-2π) is Indicates that the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then

[0046] Use positive numbers It represents the measured amplitude of the nth uplink transmission signal of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement, and is expressed as represents the measured phase of the nth uplink transmission signal of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement, then The calculation formula is as follows:

[0047]

[0048] Where e represents the natural exponential symbol, j represents the imaginary unit, The unit is radians;

[0049] right The discretization process yields the following relationship:

[0050]

[0051] Where DFT stands for Discrete Fourier Transform, for The sampling sequence of m represents a discrete independent variable;

[0052] According to the inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT), the following relationship is obtained:

[0053]

[0054] where || represents the modulus of the complex number, represent Phase;

[0055] right Periodize with 2π as the period, so that The value range is [0, 2π) interval; through and comparison and The difference between the two is used to calculate the amplitude deviation ratio Δa of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array. u (n) and phase deviation value The specific algorithm is as follows:

[0056]

[0057] The calculated formula (2) Periodize with 2π as the period, so that The value range of is [0, 2π);

[0058] In a feasible embodiment, a total of I=1 measurements are performed to set the phase shift of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array Middle θ i For θ1 = 0°, use equations (1) and (2) to calculate the amplitude deviation ratio and phase deviation value of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array respectively;

[0059] In a feasible embodiment, a total of I=3 measurements are performed to set the phase shift of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array. Middle θ i θ1 = -30°, θ2 = 0°, and θ3 = 30° respectively. The amplitude deviation ratio and phase deviation value of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array are calculated using equations (1) and (2).

[0060] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the simulated active phased array, if the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array, and the complex transmission pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, with i=1,2…I representing the measurement round; in the i-th measurement, the phase shift amount of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array is set to Assume that the attenuation of each uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array is D, where n represents the uplink and antenna unit number of the one-dimensional conformal array, n = 0, 1…N-1, N is the number of antenna units in the one-dimensional conformal array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna units of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, θ i is the angle between the main lobe of the emission pattern set for the i-th measurement and the normal of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, K is an integer, and the value of K is adjusted to make The value range of is [0, 2π). The unit is radian, D is a constant, and the value range of D is (0,1]. λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog radio frequency signal output by the upconverter, Δd ni represents the distance difference between the n-th antenna element of the one-dimensional conformal array and the n-th antenna element of the virtual one-dimensional linear array in the θ i direction, and is denoted by S i (u) represents the complex radiation pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array obtained at the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, θ is the angle between the electromagnetic wave radiation direction and the normal line of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is [-90°, 90°). Then, the array factor complex radiation pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array is denoted by where E(u) is the complex radiation pattern of the one-dimensional conformal array antenna element; F i (u) is the translation function of F i (u-2π), and the value range of u is [0, 2π).

[0061]

[0062] denotes the measured amplitude of the n-th uplink transmission signal of the one-dimensional conformal array at the i-th measurement, and denotes the measured phase of the n-th uplink transmission signal of the one-dimensional conformal array at the i-th measurement. Then, the calculation formula of is as follows:

[0063]

[0064] where the unit of is radian;

[0065] Discretization processing is performed on to obtain the following relationship:

[0066]

[0067] where is the sampling sequence of , and m represents the discrete independent variable;

[0068] According to the IDFT, the following relationship is obtained:

[0069]

[0070] Periodization processing is performed on with a period of 2π, so that the value range of is [0, 2π). By comparing and , the value of is determined.​a difference between the uplink amplitude deviation ratio of the n-th element of the one-dimensional conformal array and 1 and a phase deviation value The specific algorithm is as follows:

[0071]

[0072] a difference between the uplink amplitude deviation ratio of the n-th element of the one-dimensional conformal array and 1 is periodically processed with a period of 2π, so that the value range of is [0, 2π).

[0073] In a feasible embodiment, I=1 measurements are performed, and the phase shift amount of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array is set as , wherein θ i is θ1=0°, and the uplink amplitude deviation ratio and the phase deviation value of the n-th element of the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated by using formula (3) and formula (4) respectively.

[0074] In a feasible embodiment, I=3 measurements are performed, and the phase shift amount of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array is set as , wherein θ i are θ1=-30°, θ2=0°, and θ3=30° respectively, and the uplink amplitude deviation ratio and the phase deviation value of the n-th element of the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated by using formula (3) and formula (4) respectively.

[0075] When measuring the uplink amplitude-phase deviation of the analog active phased array, if the antenna array of the analog active phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array, referring to Figure 3 , the two-dimensional planar array is composed of L transverse one-dimensional linear arrays from the transverse direction and is composed of N longitudinal one-dimensional linear arrays from the longitudinal direction, L≤N, the complex transmission patterns of the L transverse one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, the uplink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit of the l-th row and the n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by using formula (1), the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit of the l-th row and the n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by using formula (2), L>N, the complex transmission patterns of the N longitudinal one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, the uplink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the n-th column and the l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by using formula (1), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the n-th column and the l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by using formula (2), wherein l=0, 1…L-1, and n=0, 1…N-1.

[0076] ​When measuring the uplink amplitude and phase deviation of the analog active phased array, if the antenna array of the analog active phased array adopts a two-dimensional conformal array, a virtual two-dimensional planar array is constructed based on the two-dimensional conformal array, the virtual two-dimensional planar array is composed of L transverse virtual one-dimensional linear arrays from the transverse direction and N longitudinal virtual one-dimensional conformal arrays from the longitudinal direction, L≤N, the complex transmitting directional patterns of the L transverse virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, the uplink amplitude deviation ratio of the antenna unit in the lth row and the nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using formula (3), and the uplink phase deviation value of the antenna unit in the lth row and the nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using formula (4), L>N, the complex transmitting directional patterns of the N longitudinal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, the uplink amplitude deviation ratio of the antenna unit in the nth column and the lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using formula (3), and the uplink phase deviation value of the antenna unit in the nth column and the lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using formula (4), wherein l=0, 1…L-1, n=0, 1…N-1.

[0077] When measuring the downlink amplitude and phase deviation of the analog active phased array, if the antenna array of the analog active phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array, the complex receiving directional pattern of the one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and the measurement round is represented by i=1, 2…I; R i (u) represents the complex receiving directional pattern of the one-dimensional linear array obtained in the ith measurement, wherein u=kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the one-dimensional linear array, d is the distance between adjacent antenna units of the one-dimensional linear array, λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog radio frequency signal transmitted by the analog radio frequency signal transmitter, θ is the angle between the incident direction of the electromagnetic wave and the normal line of the one-dimensional linear array, the value range of θ is [-90°, 90°), then the array factor complex receiving directional pattern of the one-dimensional linear array is wherein E(u) is the complex receiving directional pattern of the antenna unit of the one-dimensional linear array; G i (u) and the translation function G i (u-2π) are added to obtain a function represented by , and the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then

[0078] A i (n) represents the measured amplitude of the nth downlink receiving signal of the one-dimensional linear array in the ith measurement, and ψ i (n) represents the measured phase of the nth downlink receiving signal of the one-dimensional linear array in the ith measurement, then The calculation formula of is as follows:

[0079]

[0080] where N is the number of antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array, n represents the serial number of the one-dimensional linear array downlink and antenna element, ψ i The unit of (n) is radian.

[0081] Discretization is performed on to obtain the following relationship:

[0082]

[0083] where is the sampling sequence of , and m represents the discrete independent variable.

[0084] According to the IDFT, the following relationship is obtained:

[0085]

[0086] where represents the phase of .

[0087] The periodicity of ψ i (n) is 2π, so that the value range of ψ i (n) is [0, 2π); A i (n) and ψ i (n) are used to calculate the amplitude deviation ratio Δa d (n) and the phase deviation value of the nth downlink of the one-dimensional linear array. The specific algorithm is as follows:

[0088]

[0089] The periodicity of ψ calculated by formula (6) is 2π, so that the value range of ψ is [0, 2π).

[0090] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink of the analog active phased array, if the antenna array of the analog active phased array adopts a one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array, the complex receiving pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured i times, and i=1, 2…I represents the measurement round; R i (u) represents the complex receiving pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array obtained in the i-th measurement, where u=kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, d is the distance between adjacent antenna elements of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal emitted by the analog RF signal transmitter, θ is the angle between the incident direction of the electromagnetic wave and the normal of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is [-90°, 90°). The array factor complex receiving pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array is Where E(u) is the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional conformal array antenna unit; G i (u) and its translation function G i The function obtained by adding (u-2π) is Indicates that the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then

[0091] Use positive numbers It represents the measured amplitude of the nth downlink received signal of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement, and is expressed as represents the measured phase of the nth downlink received signal of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement, then The calculation formula is as follows:

[0092]

[0093] Where N is the number of antenna elements in the one-dimensional conformal array, n represents the downlink and antenna element number of the one-dimensional conformal array, Δd n is the distance difference between the nth antenna element of the one-dimensional conformal array and the nth antenna element of the virtual one-dimensional linear array in the θ direction, The unit is radians;

[0094] right The discretization process yields the following relationship:

[0095]

[0096] According to IDFT, we get the following relationship:

[0097]

[0098] right Periodize with 2π as the period, so that The value range is [0, 2π) interval; using and Calculate the amplitude deviation ratio of the nth downlink of the one-dimensional conformal array and phase deviation The specific algorithm is as follows:

[0099]

[0100] The calculated formula (8) is Periodize with 2π as the period, so that The value range of the is [0, 2π).

[0101] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the analog active phased array, if the antenna array of the analog active phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array, referring to Figure 3 , the two-dimensional planar array is composed of L transverse one-dimensional linear arrays from the transverse direction and N longitudinal one-dimensional linear arrays from the longitudinal direction, when L≤N, the complex receiving patterns of the L transverse one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, the downlink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit in the lth row and the nth column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (5), and the downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the lth row and the nth column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (6), when L>N, the complex receiving patterns of the N longitudinal one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, the downlink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and the lth row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (5), and the downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and the lth row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (6), wherein l=0, 1…L-1, n=0, 1…N-1.

[0102] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the analog active phased array, if the antenna array of the analog active phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array, referring to Figure 3 , the two-dimensional planar array is composed of L transverse one-dimensional linear arrays from the transverse direction and N longitudinal one-dimensional linear arrays from the longitudinal direction, when L≤N, the complex receiving patterns of the L transverse one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, the downlink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit in the lth row and the nth column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (5), and the downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the lth row and the nth column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (6), when L>N, the complex receiving patterns of the N longitudinal one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, the downlink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and the lth row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (5), and the downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and the lth row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (6), wherein l=0, 1…L-1, n=0, 1…N-1.

[0103] The above embodiments specifically illustrate the content of the present application with one-dimensional linear array, one-dimensional conformal array, two-dimensional planar array, and two-dimensional conformal array, but the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or replacements without departing from the concept of the present application, and these equivalent modifications or replacements are all included in the scope defined by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for measuring amplitude and phase deviation of an analog active phased array, characterized in that: Each antenna unit of the analog active phased array is connected to a downlink and an uplink through a duplexer. Each uplink includes an orthogonal modulator, an upconverter, a digitally controlled phase shifter, a digitally controlled attenuator, a power amplifier, the duplexer, and an antenna unit connected in sequence. Each downlink includes an antenna unit, the duplexer, a limiter, an LNA, a digitally controlled attenuator, a digitally controlled phase shifter, a downconverter, and an orthogonal demodulator connected in sequence. The antenna array for simulating an active phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array, a one-dimensional conformal array, a two-dimensional planar array, or a two-dimensional conformal array. When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array. The amplitude and phase deviation measurement of the analog active phased array is realized based on the uplink and / or downlink of the analog active phased array; when the amplitude and phase deviation is measured based on the uplink of the analog active phased array, the phase shift amount and attenuation amount of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are set by a digitally controlled phase shifter and a digitally controlled attenuator and remain unchanged during a single measurement, the transmitting system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is started, and the input complex digital baseband signals of all orthogonal modulators remain unchanged during a single measurement, and the input complex digital baseband signals are output as analog radio frequency signals through the orthogonal modulator and the upconverter. The analog radio frequency signal is radiated into space by the corresponding antenna unit through a digitally controlled phase shifter, a digitally controlled attenuator, a power amplifier, and a duplexer, and the complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured, and then the array factor complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is calculated, and the measured amplitude and measured phase of each uplink transmission signal of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated using the array factor complex transmission pattern, and the amplitude deviation ratio of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is calculated using the measured amplitude and measured phase of the transmission signal. and phase deviation value; when measuring the amplitude and phase deviation based on the downlink of the simulated active phased array, the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is set to use the same phase shift amount and the same attenuation amount for each downlink through the digitally controlled phase shifter and the digitally controlled attenuator, and an analog radio frequency signal transmitter is set in the far field just in front of the horizontal plane of the antenna array. The analog radio frequency signal transmitter transmits an analog radio frequency signal and remains unchanged during a single measurement. The receiving system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is started, and the complex receiving radiation pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured, and then the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is calculated. An array factor complex receiving pattern of a one-dimensional linear array is used to calculate the measured amplitude and measured phase of the received signal of each downlink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array using the array factor complex receiving pattern. The amplitude deviation ratio and phase deviation value of each downlink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated using the measured amplitude and measured phase of the received signal. The amplitude and phase deviation of the two-dimensional planar array is determined by measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of all the one-dimensional linear arrays contained in the two-dimensional planar array. The amplitude and phase deviation of the two-dimensional conformal array is determined by measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of all the one-dimensional conformal arrays contained in the two-dimensional conformal array.

2. The method for measuring amplitude and phase deviation of an analog active phased array according to claim 1, wherein: When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the simulated active phased array, the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array, and the complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured. Measurement, using Indicates the measurement round; When measuring for the first time, set the one-dimensional linear array The phase shift of the uplink is , or set the one-dimensional conformal array The phase shift of the uplink is , assume that the attenuation of each uplink of a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array is ,in Represents the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array uplink and antenna unit number, , is the number of antenna elements in a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array, is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements of a one-dimensional linear array or a virtual one-dimensional linear array, For the The angle between the main lobe of the emission pattern set in the first measurement and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, is an integer, by adjusting The value of or The value range is interval, or The unit is radians, is a constant, The value range is interval, , is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal output by the upconverter, Represents a one-dimensional conformal array Antenna elements and virtual one-dimensional linear array The antenna units are The distance difference in the direction is expressed as Indicates the The complex emission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array obtained by the measurement, where is the spatial stepping phase of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, is the angle between the electromagnetic wave radiation direction and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, The value range is interval, then the array factor complex emission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array ,in is the complex radiation pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array antenna element; Its translation function The function obtained by adding express, limit The value range is interval, then ; Use positive numbers Indicates the The one-dimensional linear array is measured The measured amplitude of the uplink transmission signal is Indicates the The one-dimensional linear array is measured The measured phase of the uplink transmission signal, and Calculated by the following algorithm: ， ， Or use a positive number Indicates the The first measurement of the one-dimensional conformal array The measured amplitude of the uplink transmission signal is Indicates the The first measurement of the one-dimensional conformal array The measured phase of the uplink transmission signal, and Calculated by the following algorithm: ， ， in for The sampling sequence of represents a discrete independent variable, represents the natural exponential notation, represents the imaginary unit, represents the modulus of a complex number, represent The phase, or The unit is radians; right by Periodize the cycle so that The value range is interval; one-dimensional linear array Uplink amplitude deviation ratio and phase deviation Calculated by the following algorithm: ， （1） ， （2） The calculated formula (2) is by Periodize the cycle so that The value range is interval; or by Periodize the cycle so that The value range is interval; one-dimensional conformal array Uplink amplitude deviation ratio and phase deviation Calculated by the following algorithm: ， （3） ， （4） The calculated formula (4) is by Periodize the cycle so that The value range is interval.

3. The method for measuring amplitude and phase deviation of an analog active phased array according to claim 2, wherein: When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the simulated active phased array, the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array, which is composed of From the vertical direction, it is composed of a horizontal one-dimensional linear array. A longitudinal one-dimensional linear array is formed. When The complex emission pattern of a horizontal one-dimensional linear array is calculated using formula (1) to obtain the first Rank The uplink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna units in the first column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated using formula (2). Rank The uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the column, When The complex emission pattern of a longitudinal one-dimensional linear array is calculated using formula (1) to obtain the first Liedi The uplink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna elements in the row is calculated using formula (2) to obtain the first Liedi The uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit of the row, where , .

4. The method for measuring amplitude and phase deviation of an analog active phased array according to claim 2, wherein: When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the simulated active phased array, the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a two-dimensional conformal array, and a virtual two-dimensional plane array is constructed based on the two-dimensional conformal array. The virtual two-dimensional plane array is formed by From the vertical direction, it is composed of a horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear array. A longitudinal virtual one-dimensional conformal array is formed. When The complex emission pattern of a horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear array is calculated using formula (3) to obtain the first two-dimensional conformal array. Rank The uplink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna units in the first column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using formula (4). Rank The uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the column, When The complex emission pattern of a longitudinal virtual one-dimensional linear array is calculated using formula (3) to obtain the first two-dimensional conformal array. Liedi The uplink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna elements in the row is calculated using formula (4) to obtain the first Liedi The uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit of the row, where , .

5. The method for measuring amplitude and phase deviation of an analog active phased array according to claim 1, wherein: When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the simulated active phased array, the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array, and the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured. Measurement, using Indicates measurement rounds; Indicates the The complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array obtained by the measurement, where is the spatial stepping phase of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements of a one-dimensional linear array or a virtual one-dimensional linear array, , is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal transmitted by the analog RF signal transmitter, is the angle between the incident direction of the electromagnetic wave and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, The value range is interval, then the array factor complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array ,in is the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array antenna element; Its translation function The function obtained by adding express, limit The value range is interval, then ; Use positive numbers Indicates the The one-dimensional linear array is measured The measured amplitude of the downlink received signal is Indicates the The one-dimensional linear array is measured The measured phase of the downlink received signal, and Calculated by the following algorithm: ， ， Or use a positive number Indicates the The first measurement of the one-dimensional conformal array The measured amplitude of the downlink received signal is Indicates the The first measurement of the one-dimensional conformal array The measured phase of the downlink received signal, and Calculated by the following algorithm: ， ， in for The sampling sequence of represents a discrete independent variable, is the number of antenna elements in a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array, Represents the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array downlink and antenna unit number, represent The phase, or The unit is radians, For a one-dimensional conformal array Antenna elements and virtual one-dimensional linear array The antenna units are Distance difference in direction; right by Periodize the cycle so that The value range is interval; one-dimensional linear array Downlink amplitude deviation ratio and phase deviation Calculated by the following algorithm: ， （5） ， （6） The calculated formula (6) is by Periodize the cycle so that The value range is interval; or by Periodize the cycle so that The value range is interval; one-dimensional conformal array Downlink amplitude deviation ratio and phase deviation Calculated by the following algorithm: ， （7） ， （8） The calculated formula (8) is by Periodize the cycle so that The value range is interval.

6. The method for measuring amplitude and phase deviation of an analog active phased array according to claim 5, characterized in that: When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the simulated active phased array, the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array, which is composed of From the vertical direction, it is composed of a horizontal one-dimensional linear array. A longitudinal one-dimensional linear array, When The complex receiving pattern of the horizontal one-dimensional linear array is calculated using formula (5) to obtain the first two-dimensional plane array. Rank The downlink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna units in the first column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated using formula (6). Rank The downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the column, When The complex receiving pattern of the longitudinal one-dimensional linear array is calculated using formula (5) to obtain the first Liedi The downlink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit in the row is calculated using formula (6) Liedi The downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit of the row is , .

7. The method for measuring amplitude and phase deviation of an analog active phased array according to claim 5, wherein: When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the simulated active phased array, the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a two-dimensional conformal array, and a virtual two-dimensional plane array is constructed based on the two-dimensional conformal array. The virtual two-dimensional plane array is formed by From the vertical direction, it is composed of a horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear array. A longitudinal virtual one-dimensional conformal array is formed. When The complex receiving pattern of a horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear array is calculated using formula (7) to obtain the first two-dimensional conformal array. Rank The downlink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna units in the first column is calculated using formula (8) to obtain the Rank The downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the column, When The complex receiving pattern of a longitudinal virtual one-dimensional linear array is calculated using formula (7) to obtain the first two-dimensional conformal array. Liedi The downlink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna elements in the row is calculated using formula (8) to obtain the first Liedi The downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit of the row is , .

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