Display method, display device and electronic device for two-qubit system

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a method, device, and electronic device for displaying a two-qubit system. The method includes, in response to a display instruction, obtaining simplified geometric representation parameters of the system from the two-qubit system and effectively displaying them in three-dimensional space, giving human thinking a more intuitive understanding and perception. First, two qubits correspond to a bit complex matrix; the bit complex matrix is ​​transformed using a matrix transformation formula to obtain a Pauli parameter set, wherein the Pauli parameter set includes multiple initial three-dimensional real vectors and an initial real matrix; the Pauli parameter set is decomposed based on a target decomposition algorithm to obtain multiple target three-dimensional real vectors; and target display information is generated based on the multiple target three-dimensional real vectors and the Bloch sphere coordinate system corresponding to each qubit and displayed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of quantum computing technology, and more specifically, to a demonstration method, a demonstration device and an electronic device, a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program product for a two-qubit system. Background Art

[0002] Quantum information is more complex than classical information, making it difficult for humans to intuitively perceive its properties. This, in turn, makes it difficult to efficiently design quantum algorithms and programs, limiting the full potential of quantum computing and quantum information. Therefore, it is urgent and important to devise effective methods to visualize complex quantum information in a three-dimensional space that humans can intuitively perceive. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present disclosure provides a display method, display device and electronic device, computer-readable storage medium and computer program product for a two-qubit system.

[0004] One aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for displaying a two-qubit system, comprising:

[0005] In response to the display instruction, two qubits are obtained from the two-qubit system, wherein the state description of the two qubits corresponds to a bit complex matrix;

[0006] The bit complex matrix is ​​transformed using a matrix transformation formula to obtain a Pauli parameter set, wherein the Pauli parameter set includes a plurality of initial three-dimensional real vectors and an initial real matrix;

[0007] The above-mentioned bubble niche parameter set is decomposed based on the target decomposition algorithm to obtain multiple target three-dimensional real vectors;

[0008] Target display information is generated and displayed based on the multiple target three-dimensional real vectors and the Bloch sphere coordinate system corresponding to each of the quantum bits.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of initial three-dimensional real vectors include a first local information vector and a second local information vector;

[0010] The matrix conversion formula is used to convert the bit complex matrix to obtain the Pauli parameter set, including:

[0011] Performing a transformation process on the bit complex matrix based on a first transformation formula to obtain the first local information vector;

[0012] Performing a transformation process on the bit complex matrix based on a second transformation formula to obtain the second local information vector;

[0013] The bit complex matrix is ​​transformed based on the third transformation formula to obtain the initial real matrix.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first conversion formula is shown as formula (1), and the second conversion formula is shown as formula (2).

[0015] (1)

[0016] (2)

[0017] (3)

[0018] in, is the first local information vector Elements, is the second local information vector Elements, are the elements of the initial real matrix T, and the values ​​of k and j are 1, 2, and 3. 、 When k is 1, 2, or 3, it represents three Pauli matrices, I is the identity matrix, It means to find the trace of a matrix.

[0019] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned Pauli parameter set is decomposed based on a target decomposition algorithm to obtain multiple target three-dimensional real vectors, including:

[0020] Performing singular value decomposition on the initial real matrix to obtain a target real matrix, wherein the target real matrix includes two real orthogonal matrices and a real diagonal matrix;

[0021] Based on the two real orthogonal matrices, multiple target three-dimensional real vectors are generated.

[0022] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of initial three-dimensional real vectors include a first local information vector and a second local information vector;

[0023] Wherein, based on the two real orthogonal matrices, a plurality of target three-dimensional real vectors are generated, including:

[0024] Based on the two real orthogonal matrices, generating a first target information vector and a second target information vector according to the first local information vector and the second local information vector respectively;

[0025] According to the real parameters of the above-mentioned real diagonal matrix, an association relationship vector is generated, wherein the multiple above-mentioned target three-dimensional real vectors include the above-mentioned first target information vector, the above-mentioned second target information vector and the above-mentioned association relationship vector.

[0026] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first target information vector As shown in formula (4), the second target information vector As shown in formula (5):

[0027] (4)

[0028] (5)

[0029] Where T = SDV, the target real matrix T includes two real orthogonal matrices S and V and a real diagonal matrix D. and are the inverse matrices of the real orthogonal matrices S and V, respectively. is the first local information vector, is the second local information vector.

[0030] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of target three-dimensional real vectors include a first target information vector, a second target information vector and an association relationship vector;

[0031] Wherein, target display information is generated according to the plurality of target three-dimensional real vectors and the Bloch sphere coordinate system corresponding to each of the quantum bits, including:

[0032] The first target information vector, the association relationship vector and the second target information vector are sequentially connected in the two Bloch sphere coordinate systems to obtain the target display information.

[0033] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the target display information is obtained by sequentially connecting the first target information vector, the association relationship vector, and the second target information vector in the two Bloch sphere coordinate systems, including:

[0034] Constructing the Bloch sphere coordinate system mentioned above with the vector end of the first target information vector;

[0035] Connecting the vector head of the above-mentioned association relationship vector to the vector end of the above-mentioned first target information vector, and constructing the second above-mentioned Bloch sphere coordinate system with the vector end of the above-mentioned association relationship vector;

[0036] The vector head end of the above-mentioned second target information vector is connected to the vector end end of the above-mentioned association relationship vector to obtain the above-mentioned target display information.

[0037] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a demonstration device for a two-qubit system, comprising:

[0038] an acquisition module, configured to acquire two qubits from the two-qubit system in response to a display instruction, wherein a state description of the two qubits corresponds to a bit complex matrix;

[0039] a conversion module, configured to convert the bit complex matrix using a matrix conversion formula to obtain a Pauli parameter set, wherein the Pauli parameter set includes a plurality of initial three-dimensional real vectors and an initial real matrix;

[0040] A decomposition module is used to decompose the above-mentioned bubble niche parameter set based on a target decomposition algorithm to obtain multiple target three-dimensional real vectors;

[0041] A generation module is used to generate target display information and display the target display information based on the multiple target three-dimensional real vectors and the Bloch sphere coordinate system corresponding to each of the above quantum bits.

[0042] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, comprising:

[0043] one or more processors;

[0044] a memory for storing one or more programs,

[0045] When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the method described above.

[0046] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which are used to implement the method described above when executed.

[0047] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a computer program product comprising computer executable instructions, which are used to implement the method described above when the instructions are executed.

[0048] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, by obtaining two qubits from a two-qubit system, the bit complex matrix is ​​transformed using a matrix transformation formula to obtain a Pauli parameter set, and the Pauli parameter set is decomposed based on a target decomposition algorithm to obtain multiple target three-dimensional real vectors. According to the multiple target three-dimensional real vectors and the Bloch sphere coordinate system corresponding to each qubit, target display information is generated and displayed. The display method of the two-qubit system provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can effectively visualize the complex quantum information of the two-qubit system in three-dimensional space without affecting the quantum characteristics of the quantum system such as entanglement and non-locality. This method enriches the means of effectively perceiving multi-body quantum systems and can further promote the development of applications such as quantum computing and quantum information. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent through the following description of the embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0050] Figure 1 Schematically shows a flow chart of a method for displaying a two-qubit system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] Figure 2 Schematically shows a display diagram of target display information according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0052] Figure 3 Schematically shows a display diagram of target display information according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0053] Figure 4 Schematically shows a display diagram of target display information according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0054] Figure 5 Schematically shows a display diagram of target presentation information according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0055] Figure 6 A block diagram schematically illustrates a demonstration device of a two-qubit system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0056] Figure 7 A block diagram of an electronic device suitable for implementing the above-described method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In the detailed description below, for ease of explanation, many specific details are set forth to provide a comprehensive understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it is apparent that one or more embodiments may also be implemented without these specific details. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion of the concepts of the present disclosure.

[0058] The terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. The terms "comprise," "include," etc. used herein indicate the presence of the features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0059] All terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the context of this specification and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly rigid manner.

[0060] When expressions such as "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." are used, they should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning commonly understood by those skilled in the art (for example, "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" should include but is not limited to a system having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and / or A, B, C, etc.).

[0061] The most basic unit of quantum information is the qubit. Two or more qubits together form a many-body quantum system, which exhibits properties such as quantum entanglement and quantum nonlocality that do not exist in the classical world. These properties are the fundamental reason why quantum computing and quantum information have enormous potential advantages over classical technologies. A single qubit system is fully described by three real numbers under the Pauli basis, and can therefore be equivalently represented in three dimensions by a Bloch sphere, allowing humans to intuitively perceive the information of a single qubit. The simplest many-body quantum system is a two-qubit system consisting of two qubits. A typical two-qubit system is fully described by 15 real numbers under the Pauli basis, and therefore cannot currently be effectively represented in three dimensions.

[0062] In view of this, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display method, a display device and an electronic device for a two-qubit system, the method comprising obtaining two qubits from the two-qubit system in response to a display instruction, wherein the two qubits correspond to a bit complex matrix; using a matrix conversion formula to transform the bit complex matrix to obtain a Pauli parameter set, wherein the Pauli parameter set includes multiple initial three-dimensional real vectors and an initial real matrix; decomposing the Pauli parameter set based on a target decomposition algorithm to obtain multiple target three-dimensional real vectors; generating target display information according to the multiple target three-dimensional real vectors and the Bloch sphere coordinate system corresponding to each qubit and displaying the target display information.

[0063] In the embodiments of this disclosure, the collection, updating, analysis, processing, use, transmission, provision, disclosure, and storage of all data involved (including, but not limited to, user personal information) comply with relevant laws and regulations, are used for legitimate purposes, and do not violate public order and good morals. In particular, necessary measures have been taken to prevent unauthorized access to user personal information and maintain the security of user personal information and network security.

[0064] Figure 1 The flowchart of the display method of the two-qubit system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0065] like Figure 1 As shown, the display method of the two-qubit system includes operations S101 to S104.

[0066] In operation S101 , in response to a display instruction, two qubits are obtained from a two-qubit system, wherein a state description of the two qubits corresponds to a bit complex matrix;

[0067] In operation S102, a matrix conversion formula is used to convert the bit complex matrix to obtain a Pauli parameter set, wherein the Pauli parameter set includes a plurality of initial three-dimensional real vectors and an initial real matrix;

[0068] In operation S103, the Pauli parameter set is decomposed based on a target decomposition algorithm to obtain a plurality of target three-dimensional real vectors;

[0069] In operation S104 , target display information is generated and displayed according to the plurality of target three-dimensional real vectors and the Bloch sphere coordinate system corresponding to each quantum bit.

[0070] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the display instruction may be a corresponding operation input by a user on an electronic device such as a mobile phone or a computer, and the electronic device automatically generates the display instruction in response to the operation.

[0071] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in response to the display instruction, two qubits can be obtained from any two-qubit system, and the two qubits correspond to a 4×4 bit complex matrix A. The bit complex matrix is ​​transformed using the matrix transformation formula to obtain a Pauli parameter set, which includes two initial three-dimensional real vectors and , a 3×3 initial real matrix T, a total of 15 real parameters.

[0072] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the target decomposition algorithm is used to decompose the parameter set of the Pauli base to obtain multiple target three-dimensional real vectors, such as three three-dimensional real vectors 、 、 A total of 9 real parameters. According to multiple target three-dimensional real vectors 、 、 and the Bloch sphere coordinate system corresponding to each quantum bit to generate target display information, thereby displaying the target display information to the user, where the target display information represents two quantum bit information.

[0073] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, by obtaining two qubits from a two-qubit system, the bit complex matrix is ​​transformed using a matrix transformation formula to obtain a Pauli parameter set, and the Pauli parameter set is decomposed based on a target decomposition algorithm to obtain multiple target three-dimensional real vectors. According to the multiple target three-dimensional real vectors and the Bloch sphere coordinate system corresponding to each qubit, target display information is generated and displayed. The display method of the two-qubit system provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can effectively visualize the complex quantum information of the two-qubit system in three-dimensional space without affecting the quantum characteristics of the quantum system such as entanglement and non-locality. This method enriches the means of effectively perceiving multi-body quantum systems and can further promote the development of applications such as quantum computing and quantum information.

[0074] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the multiple initial three-dimensional real vectors include a first local information vector and a second local information vector.

[0075] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a matrix conversion formula is used to convert a bit complex matrix to obtain a Pauli parameter set, including:

[0076] Performing a conversion process on the bit complex matrix based on a first conversion formula to obtain a first local information vector;

[0077] Performing a transformation process on the bit complex matrix based on a second transformation formula to obtain a second local information vector;

[0078] The bit complex matrix is ​​transformed based on the third transformation formula to obtain an initial real matrix.

[0079] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first conversion formula is shown in formula (1), and the second conversion formula is shown in formula (2).

[0080] (1)

[0081] (2)

[0082] (3)

[0083] in, is the first local information vector Elements, is the second local information vector Elements, are the elements of the initial real matrix T, and the values ​​of k and j are 1, 2, and 3. 、 When k is 1, 2, or 3, it represents three Pauli matrices, I is the identity matrix, It means to find the trace of a matrix.

[0084] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the target decomposition algorithm is used to decompose the parameter set of the bubble niche to obtain multiple target three-dimensional real vectors, including:

[0085] Performing singular value decomposition on the initial real matrix to obtain a target real matrix, wherein the target real matrix includes two real orthogonal matrices and a real diagonal matrix;

[0086] Generate multiple target three-dimensional real vectors based on two real orthogonal matrices.

[0087] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a singular value decomposition process is performed on an initial real matrix T to obtain a target real matrix T', wherein the target real matrix T' includes two real orthogonal matrices S and V and a real diagonal matrix D. Wherein, T'= SDV, S and V are respectively 3×3 real orthogonal matrices.

[0088] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the multiple initial three-dimensional real vectors include a first local information vector and the second local information vector .

[0089] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, after determining the target real matrix T'= SDV, the evolution unitary operators U1 and U2 on the single quantum bit are found so that the parameter change matrices under their Pauli basis are the inverse matrices of S and V respectively.

[0090] Applying unitary operators U1 and U2 to two qubits respectively will not affect the quantum properties of the two-qubit quantum system, such as entanglement and nonlocality. The corresponding parameter representation under the Pauli basis will become a three-dimensional real vector and , and a real diagonal matrix D;

[0091] The three real parameters of the real diagonal matrix D can be represented by three-dimensional real vectors Instead of expressing it, the two-qubit system will be represented by three three-dimensional real vectors without affecting the quantum properties. 、 、 A total of 9 actual parameters are used to express the equivalent.

[0092] Specifically, based on two real orthogonal matrices, multiple target three-dimensional real vectors are generated, including:

[0093] Based on two real orthogonal matrices, generating a first target information vector and a second target information vector according to the first local information vector and the second local information vector respectively;

[0094] An association relationship vector is generated according to the real parameters of the real diagonal matrix, wherein the multiple target three-dimensional real vectors include a first target information vector, a second target information vector and an association relationship vector.

[0095] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first target information vector As shown in formula (4), the second target information vector As shown in formula (5):

[0096] (4)

[0097] (5)

[0098] Where T = SDV, the target real matrix T includes two real orthogonal matrices S and V and a real diagonal matrix D. and are the inverse matrices of the real orthogonal matrices S and V, respectively. is the first local information vector, is the second local information vector.

[0099] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the three real parameters of the real diagonal matrix D can be represented by three-dimensional real vectors Instead, is the association relationship vector.

[0100] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the multiple target three-dimensional real vectors include a first target information vector, a second target information vector and an association relationship vector.

[0101] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, target display information is generated based on multiple target three-dimensional real vectors and a Bloch sphere coordinate system corresponding to each quantum bit, including:

[0102] The first target information vector, the association relationship vector and the second target information vector are sequentially connected in two Bloch sphere coordinate systems to obtain target display information.

[0103] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first target information vector As a benchmark, the vector association relationship vector is connected successively and the second target information vector , a geometric representation in three-dimensional space can be formed.

[0104] Specifically, the first target information vector, the association relationship vector, and the second target information vector are sequentially connected in two Bloch sphere coordinate systems to obtain target display information, including:

[0105] Constructing a Bloch sphere coordinate system with the vector end of the first target information vector;

[0106] Connecting the vector head of the association relationship vector to the vector end of the first target information vector, and constructing a second Bloch sphere coordinate system with the vector end of the association relationship vector;

[0107] The vector head end of the second target information vector is connected to the vector end end of the association relationship vector to obtain the target display information.

[0108] Figure 2 The diagram schematically shows a display diagram of target presentation information according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0109] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the method of the present disclosure optimizes the parameters of any two-qubit quantum system under the Pauli basis by performing local unitary operations on the two single qubits respectively, and finally simplifies it into three three-dimensional real vectors, namely the first target information vector , the second target information vector , association relationship vector , and splicing these three directions in three-dimensional space, the method disclosed in this paper effectively visualizes the complex two-qubit system in three-dimensional space, as shown below Figure 2 Shown as a red vector.

[0110] Figure 3 The following schematically shows a display diagram of target presentation information according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0111] In a specific embodiment, two quantum bits are the most basic separable states , whose representation parameters under the Pauli basis are the first local information vector , the second local information vector And the initial real matrix T= , since the initial real matrix T is already in a diagonal state, the intermediate steps can be omitted and the three-dimensional real vector , and Proceed as Figure 3 Visual representation shown.

[0112] Figure 4 The following schematically shows a display diagram of target presentation information according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0113] In another specific embodiment, there is entanglement between two quantum bits, that is, an entangled state , whose representation parameters under the Pauli basis are the first local information vector , the second local information vector And the initial real matrix T= , the method disclosed herein can be used to obtain Figure 4 The only geometric representation shown in three-dimensional space.

[0114] Figure 5The following schematically shows a display diagram of target presentation information according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0115] In another specific embodiment, a density matrix A representing the state of a two-qubit system, i.e., a bit complex matrix, is randomly generated, and its parameters are as follows:

[0116]

[0117] The parameters of this state under the Pauli basis are expressed as the first local information vector , the second local information vector , and the initial real matrix . Perform singular value decomposition on the matrix T and obtain the eigenvalue vector , for the first local information vector With the second local information vector Make the corresponding transformation to get the first target information vector , the second target information vector Finally, the three-dimensional geometric representation parameters are determined. 、 and , which is represented in three-dimensional space as Figure 5 shown.

[0118] Figure 6 A block diagram schematically shows a demonstration device of a two-qubit system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0119] like Figure 6 As shown, the display device 600 of the two-qubit system includes an acquisition module 610, a conversion module 620, a decomposition module 630, and a generation module 640.

[0120] an acquisition module 610 for acquiring two qubits from a two-qubit system in response to a display instruction, wherein a state description of the two qubits corresponds to a bit complex matrix;

[0121] a conversion module 620 for converting the bit complex matrix using a matrix conversion formula to obtain a Pauli parameter set, wherein the Pauli parameter set includes a plurality of initial three-dimensional real vectors and an initial real matrix;

[0122] A decomposition module 630 is configured to decompose the bubble base parameter set based on a target decomposition algorithm to obtain a plurality of target three-dimensional real vectors;

[0123] The generation module 640 is used to generate target display information and display the target display information according to multiple target three-dimensional real vectors and the Bloch sphere coordinate system corresponding to each quantum bit.

[0124] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, by obtaining two qubits from a two-qubit system, the bit complex matrix is ​​transformed using a matrix transformation formula to obtain a Pauli parameter set, and the Pauli parameter set is decomposed based on a target decomposition algorithm to obtain multiple target three-dimensional real vectors. According to the multiple target three-dimensional real vectors and the Bloch sphere coordinate system corresponding to each qubit, target display information is generated and displayed. The display method of the two-qubit system provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can effectively visualize the complex quantum information of the two-qubit system in three-dimensional space without affecting the quantum characteristics of the quantum system such as entanglement and non-locality. This method enriches the means of effectively perceiving multi-body quantum systems and can further promote the development of applications such as quantum computing and quantum information.

[0125] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the multiple initial three-dimensional real vectors include a first local information vector and a second local information vector.

[0126] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the conversion module 620 includes:

[0127] A first conversion unit, configured to perform conversion processing on the bit complex matrix based on a first conversion formula to obtain a first local information vector;

[0128] A second conversion unit, configured to perform conversion processing on the bit complex matrix based on a second conversion formula to obtain a second local information vector;

[0129] The third conversion unit is configured to perform conversion processing on the bit complex matrix based on a third conversion formula to obtain an initial real matrix.

[0130] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the decomposition module 630 includes:

[0131] a decomposition unit, configured to perform singular value decomposition on the initial real matrix to obtain a target real matrix, wherein the target real matrix includes two real orthogonal matrices and a real diagonal matrix;

[0132] The generating unit is used to generate a plurality of target three-dimensional real vectors according to two real orthogonal matrices.

[0133] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the multiple initial three-dimensional real vectors include a first local information vector and a second local information vector.

[0134] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the generating unit includes:

[0135] A first generating subunit is configured to generate a first target information vector and a second target information vector respectively according to the first local information vector and the second local information vector based on two real orthogonal matrices;

[0136] The second generating subunit is used to generate an association relationship vector according to the real parameters of the real diagonal matrix, wherein the multiple target three-dimensional real vectors include a first target information vector, a second target information vector and an association relationship vector.

[0137] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the multiple target three-dimensional real vectors include a first target information vector, a second target information vector and an association relationship vector.

[0138] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the generation module 640 includes:

[0139] The obtaining unit is used to sequentially connect the first target information vector, the association relationship vector and the second target information vector in two Bloch sphere coordinate systems to obtain target display information.

[0140] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the obtaining unit includes:

[0141] A first construction subunit is used to construct a Bloch sphere coordinate system based on the vector end of the first target information vector;

[0142] A second construction subunit is used to connect the vector head end of the association relationship vector with the vector end of the first target information vector, and to construct a second Bloch sphere coordinate system with the vector end of the association relationship vector;

[0143] The obtaining subunit is used to connect the vector head end of the second target information vector with the vector end end of the association relationship vector to obtain target display information.

[0144] According to the embodiments of the present invention, any number of modules, units, and sub-units, or at least part of the functions of any number of them, can be implemented in one module. According to the embodiments of the present invention, any one or more of the modules, units, and sub-units can be split into multiple modules for implementation. According to the embodiments of the present invention, any one or more of the modules, units, and sub-units can be at least partially implemented as a hardware circuit, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic array (PLA), a system on a chip, a system on a substrate, a system on a package, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or can be implemented by hardware or firmware in any other reasonable way of integrating or packaging the circuit, or can be implemented in any one of the three implementation methods of software, hardware, and firmware, or in an appropriate combination of any of them. Alternatively, according to the embodiments of the present invention, one or more of the modules, units, and sub-units can be at least partially implemented as a computer program module, which can perform the corresponding functions when the computer program module is executed.

[0145] For example, any number of the acquisition module 610, conversion module 620, decomposition module 630, and generation module 640 can be combined into a single module / unit / sub-unit, or any one of these modules / units / sub-units can be split into multiple modules / units / sub-units. Alternatively, at least part of the functionality of one or more of these modules / units / sub-units can be combined with at least part of the functionality of other modules / units / sub-units and implemented in a single module / unit / sub-unit. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, at least one of the acquisition module 610, conversion module 620, decomposition module 630, and generation module 640 can be at least partially implemented as a hardware circuit, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic array (PLA), a system on a chip, a system on a substrate, a system on a package, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or can be implemented in hardware or firmware by any other reasonable means of integrating or packaging circuits, or can be implemented in any one of the three implementation methods of software, hardware, and firmware, or any appropriate combination of any of these. Alternatively, at least one of the acquisition module 610 , the conversion module 620 , the decomposition module 630 , and the generation module 640 may be at least partially implemented as a computer program module, which may perform corresponding functions when executed.

[0146] It should be noted that the display device part of the two-qubit system in the embodiment of the present disclosure corresponds to the display method part of the two-qubit system in the embodiment of the present disclosure. The description of the display device part of the two-qubit system specifically refers to the display method part of the two-qubit system, which will not be repeated here.

[0147] Figure 7 A block diagram of an electronic device suitable for implementing the above-described method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown. Figure 7 The electronic device shown is only an example and should not limit the functions and scope of use of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0148] like Figure 7 As shown, the electronic device 700 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a processor 701, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 702 or a program loaded from a storage portion 708 into a random access memory (RAM) 703. The processor 701 may include, for example, a general-purpose microprocessor (e.g., a CPU), an instruction set processor and / or a related chipset and / or a special-purpose microprocessor (e.g., an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)), etc. The processor 701 may also include onboard memory for caching purposes. The processor 701 may include a single processing unit or multiple processing units for performing different actions of the method flow according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0149] Various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 700 are stored in the RAM 703. The processor 701, ROM 702, and RAM 703 are connected to each other via a bus 704. The processor 701 executes the various operations of the method flow according to the embodiment of the present disclosure by executing the programs in the ROM 702 and / or RAM 703. It should be noted that the programs may also be stored in one or more memories other than the ROM 702 and RAM 703. The processor 701 may also execute the various operations of the method flow according to the embodiment of the present disclosure by executing the programs stored in the one or more memories.

[0150] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, electronic device 700 may further include an input / output (I / O) interface 705, which is also connected to bus 704. Electronic device 700 may also include one or more of the following components connected to I / O interface 705: an input section 706 including a keyboard, mouse, etc.; an output section 707 including devices such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD), and speakers; a storage section 708 including a hard disk; and a communication section 709 including a network interface card such as a LAN card or modem. Communication section 709 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet. A drive 710 is also connected to I / O interface 705 as needed. Removable media 711, such as a magnetic disk, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, semiconductor memory, etc., is installed in drive 710 as needed, so that computer programs read from the removable media can be installed into storage section 708 as needed.

[0151] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method flow according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can be implemented as a computer software program. For example, an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a computer program product, which includes a computer program carried on a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer program includes a program code for executing the method shown in the flowchart. In such an embodiment, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from the network through the communication part 709, and / or installed from the removable medium 711. When the computer program is executed by the processor 701, the above-mentioned functions defined in the system of the embodiment of the present disclosure are executed. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the system, equipment, device, module, unit, etc. described above can be implemented by a computer program module.

[0152] The present disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be included in the device / apparatus / system described in the above embodiments, or may exist independently and not be incorporated into the device / apparatus / system. The computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs, and when executed, implements the method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0153] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium may be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. Examples include, but are not limited to, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0154] For example, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the computer-readable storage medium may include the ROM 702 and / or the RAM 703 described above and / or one or more memories other than the ROM 702 and the RAM 703 .

[0155] An embodiment of the present disclosure also includes a computer program product, which includes a computer program, and the computer program contains program code for executing the method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure. When the computer program product runs on an electronic device, the program code is used to enable the electronic device to implement the method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0156] When the computer program is executed by the processor 701, the above functions defined in the system / device of the embodiment of the present disclosure are performed. According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the system, device, module, unit, etc. described above can be implemented by a computer program module.

[0157] In one embodiment, the computer program may be stored on a tangible storage medium such as an optical storage device or a magnetic storage device. In another embodiment, the computer program may be transmitted and distributed in the form of a signal on a network medium, downloaded and installed via the communication portion 709, and / or installed from a removable medium 711. The program code contained in the computer program may be transmitted using any appropriate network medium, including but not limited to wireless, wired, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0158] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the program code for executing the computer program provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. Specifically, these computer programs can be implemented using high-level procedural and / or object-oriented programming languages, and / or assembly / machine languages. Programming languages ​​include, but are not limited to, languages ​​such as Java, C++, Python, "C" or similar programming languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user computing device, partially on the user device, partially on a remote computing device, or entirely on a remote computing device or server. In cases involving a remote computing device, the remote computing device can be connected to the user computing device through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or can be connected to an external computing device (for example, using an Internet service provider to connect via the Internet).

[0159] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the possible architectures, functions, and operations of the systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each box in the flowchart or block diagram can represent a module, program segment, or part of the code, which contains one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical functions. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the boxes can also occur in an order different from that marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two boxes shown in succession can actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they can sometimes be executed in the opposite order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each box in the block diagram or flowchart, as well as the combination of boxes in the block diagram or flowchart, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified functions or operations, or can be implemented using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the features described in the various embodiments of the present disclosure can be combined and / or combined in various ways, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly described in the present disclosure. In particular, without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present disclosure, the features described in the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined and / or coupled in various ways, and all of these combinations and / or couplings fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0160] The above describes the embodiments of the present disclosure. However, these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Although each embodiment has been described separately above, this does not mean that the measures in each embodiment cannot be advantageously used in combination. Without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, those skilled in the art may make various substitutions and modifications, which should all fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for displaying a two-qubit system, characterized in that: include: In response to the display instruction, two qubits are obtained from the two-qubit system, wherein the state description of the two qubits corresponds to a bit complex matrix; The bit complex matrix is ​​transformed using a matrix transformation formula to obtain a Pauli parameter set, wherein the Pauli parameter set includes a plurality of initial three-dimensional real vectors and an initial real matrix, and the plurality of initial three-dimensional real vectors include a first local information vector and a second local information vector; Decomposing the Pauli parameter set based on a target decomposition algorithm to obtain a plurality of target three-dimensional real vectors; generating target display information according to the plurality of target three-dimensional real vectors and the Bloch sphere coordinate system corresponding to each of the quantum bits, and displaying the target display information; The target decomposition algorithm is used to decompose the parameter set of the bubble niche to obtain a plurality of target three-dimensional real vectors, including: Performing singular value decomposition on the initial real matrix to obtain a target real matrix, wherein the target real matrix includes two real orthogonal matrices and a real diagonal matrix; Based on the two real orthogonal matrices, generating a first target information vector and a second target information vector according to the first local information vector and the second local information vector respectively; An association relationship vector is generated according to the real parameters of the real diagonal matrix, wherein the multiple target three-dimensional real vectors include the first target information vector, the second target information vector and the association relationship vector.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The bit complex matrix is ​​transformed using a matrix transformation formula to obtain a Pauli parameter set, including: Performing a conversion process on the bit complex matrix based on a first conversion formula to obtain the first local information vector; Performing a transformation process on the bit complex matrix based on a second transformation formula to obtain the second local information vector; The bit complex matrix is ​​transformed based on a third transformation formula to obtain the initial real matrix.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The first conversion formula is shown in formula (1), and the second conversion formula is shown in formula (2). （1） （2） （3） in, is the first local information vector Elements, is the second local information vector Elements, are the elements of the initial real matrix T, and the values ​​of k and j are 1, 2, and 3. 、 When k is 1, 2, or 3, it represents three Pauli matrices, I is the identity matrix, It means to find the trace of a matrix.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein First target information vector As shown in formula (4), the second target information vector As shown in formula (5): （4） （5） Where T = SDV, the target real matrix T includes two real orthogonal matrices S and V and a real diagonal matrix D. and are the inverse matrices of the real orthogonal matrices S and V, respectively. is the first local information vector, is the second local information vector.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The plurality of target three-dimensional real vectors include a first target information vector, a second target information vector and an association relationship vector; The target display information is generated according to the plurality of target three-dimensional real vectors and the Bloch sphere coordinate system corresponding to each of the quantum bits, including: The first target information vector, the association relationship vector, and the second target information vector are sequentially connected in the two Bloch sphere coordinate systems to obtain the target display information.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that Sequentially connecting the first target information vector, the association relationship vector, and the second target information vector in the two Bloch sphere coordinate systems to obtain the target display information includes: Constructing a Bloch sphere coordinate system based on the vector end of the first target information vector; Connecting the vector head of the association relationship vector to the vector end of the first target information vector, and constructing a second Bloch sphere coordinate system with the vector end of the association relationship vector; The vector head end of the second target information vector is connected to the vector end end of the association relationship vector to obtain the target display information.

7. A display device for a two-qubit system, characterized in that: include: an acquisition module, configured to acquire two qubits from the two-qubit system in response to a display instruction, wherein a state description of the two qubits corresponds to a bit complex matrix; a conversion module, configured to convert the bit complex matrix using a matrix conversion formula to obtain a Pauli parameter set, wherein the Pauli parameter set includes a plurality of initial three-dimensional real vectors and an initial real matrix, and the plurality of initial three-dimensional real vectors include a first local information vector and a second local information vector; a decomposition module, configured to decompose the Pauli parameter set based on a target decomposition algorithm to obtain a plurality of target three-dimensional real vectors; a generating module, configured to generate target display information based on the plurality of target three-dimensional real vectors and the Bloch sphere coordinate system corresponding to each of the qubits, and to display the target display information; The decomposition modules include: a decomposition unit, configured to perform singular value decomposition on the initial real matrix to obtain a target real matrix, wherein the target real matrix includes two real orthogonal matrices and a real diagonal matrix; Generate unit, including: A first generating subunit is configured to generate a first target information vector and a second target information vector respectively according to the first local information vector and the second local information vector based on two real orthogonal matrices; The second generating subunit is used to generate an association relationship vector according to the real parameters of the real diagonal matrix, wherein the multiple target three-dimensional real vectors include a first target information vector, a second target information vector and an association relationship vector.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: one or more processors; a memory for storing one or more programs, When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors are enabled to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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