Novel near-eye display optical system

Abstract

A near-eye display optical system may include a lens extending along an arrangement axis and having (a) an input plane and (b) first and second major surfaces extending generally along the arrangement axis, the lens may be configured to receive collimated light of an image via the input plane, the lens including a set of partially reflective inner surfaces, the set of partially reflective inner surfaces is disposed along the arrangement axis at an angle relative to the arrangement axis, a first partially reflective inner surface of the set of partially reflective inner surfaces having a partial reflectance, and a second partially reflective inner surface of the set of partially reflective inner surfaces having a partial reflectance. At least some of the collimated light is reflected out of the lens by the first partially reflective inner surface without previously being reflected from the first major surface or the second major surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of near-eye display optical systems such as head-mounted displays. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to potential waveguide-free near-eye display optical systems. Background Art

[0002] Consumer demand for improved human-machine interfaces has led to increased interest in high-quality image head-mounted displays (HMDs) or near-eye displays (commonly referred to as smart glasses). These devices can provide virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR) experiences, thereby enhancing the way users interact with digital content and their surroundings.

[0003] Consumers seek better image quality, immersive experience, and greater comfort when using HMDs. Consumers expect displays with high resolution, vivid colors, and minimal distortion to create a realistic and enjoyable viewing experience. In addition, since users often wear these devices for long periods of time, comfort is a key factor. Consumers expect lightweight, sleek designs that are less obtrusive and more convenient to wear in various scenarios. Smaller devices also provide improved portability, making them easier to carry and use in different environments. Therefore, there is a growing demand for higher-performance but smaller and more compact HMDs.

[0004] A key element in traditional near-eye display systems is the waveguide. A waveguide is a device that guides light from the system's image projector to the user's eyes. Waveguides rely on total internal reflection along major surfaces within the device to propagate light. Achieving optimal waveguide performance requires precise design and manufacturing to prevent defects that could degrade the user's visual experience. This process of designing and producing waveguides is time-consuming and expensive, which hinders the availability and adoption of near-eye display systems. In addition, there are inherent limitations in miniaturizing waveguides, which in turn limits the miniaturization of head-mounted displays (HMDs). Summary of the invention

[0005] The present disclosure proposes an enhanced optical system for near-eye displays that is simple and convenient to build, with minimal requirements for one of its major components, namely the lens. This innovative optical system for near-eye displays is capable of providing performance comparable to or even superior to conventional systems, without the need to include a waveguide as part of the setup.

[0006] The present disclosure introduces a novel optical system for near-eye displays that utilizes a series of parallel partially reflective surfaces. The approach has similarities to the Light-Guide Optical Element (LOE) described in U.S. Patent No. 7,643,214 and U.S. Patent No. 7,724,442. The LOE includes a lens that acts as a light-transmissive substrate with two parallel major surfaces. Light is guided between these surfaces with the aid of optical elements that achieve total internal reflection or dielectric coatings for capturing light. In addition, the LOE includes multiple partially reflective surfaces that are not parallel to the major surfaces, thereby facilitating the coupling of light to the user's eyes.

[0007] In contrast, the novel optical system for near-eye display in the present disclosure employs a set of parallel partially reflective surfaces, but does not rely on waveguides via internal reflections of the primary surfaces. Therefore, the near-eye display optical system presented here is significantly simpler to construct than the aforementioned LOE. The near-eye display optical system also imposes less stringent requirements on the primary surfaces of the lenses.

[0008] The accompanying drawings that are incorporated in the specification and constitute a part of the specification illustrate various example systems, methods, etc. of various example embodiments of various aspects of the present invention. It will be appreciated that the element boundaries (e.g., boxes, groups of boxes, or other shapes) shown in the drawings represent an example of boundaries. It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that an element can be designed as multiple elements, or multiple elements can be designed as one element. An element that is shown as an internal component of another element can be implemented as an external component, and conversely, an element that is shown as an external component of another element can be implemented as an internal component. In addition, elements may not be drawn to scale. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1A An exemplary implementation of a near-eye display is shown.

[0010] Figure 1B and Figure 1C is a schematic illustration of the monocular portion of a near-eye display optical system.

[0011] Figure 2A and Figure 2B Shows Figure 1A and Figure 1B The optical path of light in an optical system.

[0012] Figure 3A Shown is a situation where undesired reflections (ghost images) are produced within the disclosed lens.

[0013] Figure 3B An improved system for improving ghosting effects is shown.

[0014] Figure 3C Another embodiment that improves the manufacturability and brightness of the system is shown.

[0015] Figure 4A An alternative near-eye display optical system is shown in which the primary lens has a spherically curved inner primary surface.

[0016] Figure 4B An alternative compact near-eye display system is shown in which the primary lens is cylindrically curved at the inner and outer primary surfaces.

[0017] Figure 5A and Figure 5B A front view and a side view of a two-dimensional extended optical system are shown.

[0018] Fig. 6A and Figure 6B Shown is a schematic and magnified view of an optical system that deflects light from an external source to the EMB without having to propagate along the lens itself. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] Certain embodiments of the present invention provide light projection systems and optical systems for achieving optical aperture expansion for purposes such as head-mounted displays (HMDs) or near-eye displays (commonly referred to as smart glasses), which may be virtual reality or augmented reality displays. Consumer demand for better and more comfortable human-machine interfaces has stimulated demand for better image quality and for smaller devices.

[0020] Figure 1A An exemplary implementation of a near-eye display 10 is shown. The near-eye display 10 is disclosed herein by way of example only, and the inventive techniques disclosed herein are not limited to such devices.

[0021] exist Figure 1A In the illustrated embodiment of the near-eye display 10, a compact image projector or projection unit 104 is optically coupled to inject an image into an optical element 102. Optical aperture expansion of light from the projection unit 104 can be achieved within the optical element 102 by one or more arrangements for gradually redirecting the image illumination, the one or more arrangements employing a set of partially reflective surfaces (interchangeably referred to as "facets") that are parallel to each other and obliquely inclined relative to the direction of propagation of the image light, wherein each successive facet deflects a portion of the image light into a deflection direction. The partially reflective facets can also operate as an outcoupling device that gradually couples a portion of the image illumination toward the eye of an observer located within a region defined as an eye-motion box (EMB).

[0022] The entire device 10 is preferably supported relative to the user's head, with each projection unit 104 and optical element 102 serving a corresponding eye of the user. In one particularly preferred option as shown here, the support arrangement is implemented as a face-mounted set of lenses (e.g., Rx lenses, sunglasses, etc., colloquially referred to herein as "glasses") and a frame having lenses 108 to which the projection unit 104 and optical element 102 are optically connected, the frame having sides 101 for supporting the device relative to the user's ears. Other forms of support arrangements may also be used, including but not limited to headbands, masks, or devices suspended from helmets.

[0023] The near-eye display 10 may include various additional components, typically including a controller 121 for actuating the projection unit 104, which typically uses power from a small onboard battery (not shown) or some other suitable power source. The controller 121 may include all necessary electronic components, such as at least one processor or processing circuit system for driving the image projector 104.

[0024] Figure 1B and Figure 1C is a schematic illustration of the monocular portion of a near-eye display optical system 100. The system 100 is similar to Figure 1A The main difference is that in the near-eye display optical system 100, the projection unit 104 is arranged above the optical element 102 (hereinafter also referred to as the lens 102) instead of Figure 1A One side of the optical element 102 is shown. Figure 1B is a side view (along the YZ plane) of the near-eye display optical system 100, and Figure 1C is a front view (along the XY plane) of the near-eye display optical system 100 .

[0025] The lens 102 is positioned in front of the user's Eye Motion Box (EMB) 112 to direct the projected light from the projection unit 104 toward the EMB 112. As shown, the projection unit 104 can be positioned above or below the lens 102. Unlike a waveguide, the lens 102 directs the light from the projection unit 104 to the EMB 112 without relying on total internal reflection from the major surfaces of the optical element.

[0026] The lens 102 may have two regions: a first region 114 that does not guide light or reflects light and a second region 116 having a plurality of partially reflective inner surfaces 118, thereby forming a folded beam splitter (FBS) for expanding the image aperture. The projection unit 104 projects light (micro-display image) onto the second region 116 of the lens 102, which reflects the light toward the center of the EMB 112 through a set of inner surfaces 118. The projected light is collimated or nearly collimated along the arrangement axis α of the lens 102. The arrangement axis α is defined herein as the axis along which the inner surface 118 is disposed or arranged.

[0027] The system 100 may also include two external lenses, a first external lens 106 and a second external lens 108, and a shutter 110. The first external lens 106 and the second external lens 108, together with the shutter 110, may be attached to the main lens 102. They may help change the focal plane of both the projected light and the landscape light. The inner surface of the first external lens 106 changes the focal plane of the projected image and the landscape image, while the inner surface of the second external lens 108 changes the focus of the landscape image. The shutter 110, positioned between the main lens 102 and the second external lens 108, may control the brightness of the landscape image. To ensure a smooth appearance, a gradually spatially varying coating may be applied to the lens 102 between the first region 114 and the second region 116.

[0028] The optical shutter 110 can include a polarizer that allows only P-polarized light from the landscape to pass through the lens 102 and the partially reflective surface 118 toward the user's eye. The coating on the partially reflective surface 118 can have a low reflectivity for P polarization and a higher reflectivity for S polarization. The first external lens 106 can be directly attached to the main lens 102 at its major surface 140. The optical shutter 110, which can be divided into a plurality of independently controllable pixels, is designed to control the brightness of the landscape image using technologies such as polarizers and controllable Liquid Crystal Cells (LCC). The shutter can cover the entire lens 102, or be limited to overlap only the second region 116, thereby affecting the brightness of the field that overlaps with the projected field of view (FOV) (such as Figure 1B shown).

[0029] Figure 2A and Figure 2B The optical path of light of system 100 is shown.

[0030] Figure 2A The ray paths of 3 different rays are shown. Figure 2A What we see in Figure 1B to Figure 1CThe projection unit 104 is not shown, however, the coupling surface 142 between the lens 102 and the projection unit 104 is shown. Three light rays are seen in the figure - a first light ray 202, a second light ray 204 and a third light ray 206, which are coupled to the lens 102 and reflected towards the user's gaze center 208. The user's gaze center 208 is located at a predetermined distance from the human eye (e.g., about 11 mm behind the human eye 112).

[0031] In the illustration, the first ray 202A propagates through multiple surfaces 118 until it reaches surface 118b where it is reflected (e.g., ray 202B is reflected toward the user's eye). As seen in the figure, ray 202A has the longest propagation path before it is reflected (e.g., ray 202B is reflected toward the user's center of gaze 208). The second ray 204A propagates through four surfaces 118 before reaching and being reflected (e.g., ray 204B is reflected by surface 118g toward the user's center of gaze 208). The nearest ray, third ray 206A, propagates through only a single surface - surface 118n - before being reflected (e.g., ray 206B is reflected by surface 118i toward the user's center of gaze 208).

[0032] In order to have the same intensity in all reflected rays 202B, 204B, and 206B, the reflectivity increases as the surface is positioned farther relative to projection unit 104. For example, surface 118n has a lower reflectivity than surfaces 118a and 118b.

[0033] According to some embodiments of the invention, the spacing between reflective surfaces 118 is different; the spacing is set to result in a uniform intensity distribution of all fields at EMB 112 .

[0034] Figure 2B The beam paths of three different beams are shown. Figure 2A 3 beams of three rays 202A and 202B, 204A and 204B, and 206A and 206B are shown in the figure - a first beam 210, a second beam 212, and a third beam 214. Each of the first beam 210, the second beam 212, and the third beam 214 is almost continuous and has no or almost no area in which no light fills the aperture of a certain beam field. The coupling surface 142 between the lens 102 and the projection unit 104 is also shown in the figure.

[0035] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the angle of coupling surface 142 relative to lens 102 is set to reduce chromatic aberration and other keystone effects caused by propagation through high refractive index materials, where the coupling-in angle and the coupling-out angle are not equal (wedge effect). If the surface of FBS lens 102 is set at an angle θ relative to the normal of the main surface of lens 102, then surface 142 should be rotated relative to the main surface. For example, if θ = 45°, then surface 142 can be rotated 90° relative to the main surface of lens 102.

[0036] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in order to make the lens as compact as possible, the most extreme rays can propagate relatively parallel to the major surfaces of lens 102 (about 90° to the normal of the major surfaces) inside lens 102 to reduce the lens width. All other fields can propagate at larger angles greater than 90°.

[0037] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in order to minimize the width of surface 142, such as in Figure 2B As can be seen in FIG. 1 , the surface 142 should be positioned as close to the outer surface 138 as possible.

[0038] According to some embodiments of the present invention, light projected from projection unit 104 to lens 102 may be reflected from both main surfaces, from surface 140 of outer lens 106, and from surface 138 of outer lens 108. However, in certain cases where light propagates at angles of 90° and higher, light injected via surface 142 may not hit outer surface 138 of outer lens 108.

[0039] Undesirable reflections (ghost images) may be generated via the surface 140. Therefore, in order to eliminate the undesirable reflections, the adhesive used between the lens 102 and the outer lens 106 may have the same refractive index (RI), and no coating should be used on the surface 140 of the outer lens 106. In the case where such requirements are not met, undesirable reflections (ghost images) may occur. Figure 3A ).

[0040] Figure 3A 1 shows an example of an undesired reflection (ghost image) generated within the disclosed lens. As seen in the figure, ray 302A is reflected as an undesired reflection (ray 302B) at surface 140. It should be noted that the undesired reflection comes from a direction outside the FOV of ray 302C, and light from the landscape may reach EMB 112 from this direction without propagating through shutter 110. Therefore, the relative brightness of ray 302B relative to ray 302C may be much lower than the brightness of light within the FOV of the image.

[0041] Figure 3B An improved system is shown that improves ghosting effects. Seen in the figure is a lens 310 that has an active area (i.e., an area containing a partially reflective surface) that is tilted relative to the lens structure. The active areas of surfaces 118 (e.g., surfaces 118a and 118b) that are located away from the input plane (e.g., surface 142) are closer to surface 138, while the active areas of surfaces (e.g., surfaces 118i and 118n) that are located closer to the input plane (surface 142) are closer to surface 308. Thus, as Figure 3B As shown, the coated active area of ​​the surface can be tilted relative to the main lens structure.

[0042] Thus, only light that is very far from the FOV field can be reflected to the EMB 112. This can be achieved by selectively coating different areas of different plates when manufacturing the lens 102, or by bonding the two parts together with the surface 306 between the two parts (however, the light hitting the surface 306 will have a lower angle of incidence (AOI) relative to the surface 308, so the requirements for matching RI will be lower). Figure 3B Such an exemplary structure is shown without showing corrections for external lenses 106 and 108 and optical shutter 110 .

[0043] Furthermore, for the same reason as the displacement of the active area of ​​the surface, the surface can also have its edges displaced along the Y axis, on the side closer to the coupling surface (+Y) they will be closer to the user's eyes (-Z), and when its edges are positioned away from the coupling surface (-Y), the surface is positioned towards the landscape side of the glasses (+Z). Figure 3C The structure of lens 312 is shown in FIG.

[0044] Figure 3C Another embodiment that improves the manufacturability and brightness of the system is shown. Seen in the figure is a lens 312 where, on the side close to the +Z side, the surface has its edge displaced along the Y axis. Such a structure is advantageous for the following reasons:

[0045] - It is relatively easy to manufacture a structure having an array with parallel edges 314 and edges 316.

[0046] - System efficiency is improved in the case where surface 118n does not reflect light of beam 318 away from EMB 112. However, the light of beam 318 that reaches surface 118a has different intensities because the number of surfaces that beam 318 propagates through before reaching surface 118a varies along the Z-axis position where the light strikes surface 118a.

[0047] This should be considered when designing the coating reflectivity and the spacing between surfaces 118. For example, ray 320C may have a lower intensity than ray 320A because ray 320C propagates through surface 118 unlike ray 320A.

[0048] Additionally, special attention should be paid at the edges of surface 118 along plane 316 in order not to scatter light and corrupt the image through scattering and diffraction effects (eg, light ray 320b may be scattered by edge effects of surface 134).

[0049] According to the properties of the surface array of FBS lenses 102, light that strikes the array and is expanded should be collimated along the axis of expansion (vertical Y direction in the figure).

[0050] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the FBS can be positioned between the user's eyes and the FBS by an additional lens (e.g., Figure 1B The focal plane is changed by using lens 106 in the image processing apparatus.

[0051] According to some embodiments of the present invention, additional lenses may be used to correct the focus of the landscape image.

[0052] According to some embodiments of the present invention, if a spherical lens is to be used, an optical shutter may not be used because it may not be possible to adhere the shutter to the spherical surface of the lens. Figure 1B , Figure 2A and Figure 3A As shown, shutter 110 may be located between lens 108 and FBS lens 102 .

[0053] Figure 4A An alternative near eye display (NED) optical system 400 is shown in which the main lens 402 has a spherically curved inner main surface. As seen in the figure, the inner main surface 404 can have optical power, while the outer main surface 406 can have no optical power. Therefore, the shutter 110 can be adhered to the outer main surface 406 of the lens 402, and the additional external lens 408 can be adhered to the shutter 110.

[0054] Figure 4B An alternative compact near-eye display (NED) system 450 is shown in which a primary lens 452 is barrel-curved at an inner primary surface 454 and an outer primary surface 456. As seen in the figure, both primary surfaces of the lens 452, the inner primary surface 454 and the outer primary surface 456, have optical power. The shutter 110 can be adhered to the non-planar primary surface 456.

[0055] However, in the case where shutter 110 cannot adhere to a spherical surface and can only adhere to a cylindrically curved surface, both surface 454 and surface 456 should have only a cylindrical radius of curvature.

[0056] According to some embodiments of the present invention, both the main inner surface 454 and the main outer surface 456 can have a vertical cylindrical focal power (along the array of FBS lenses 452) such that the focal powers of the two surfaces are set in such a way that they (almost) cancel each other out and, therefore, the landscape image focus is not changed, however, the focus in the vertical focus of the image may be changed.

[0057] According to some embodiments of the present invention, light projected onto lens 452 via projection unit 104 may have different focal planes between two axes, so that after propagating through curved surface 454, the image may have symmetrical focal points at a desired distance.

[0058] Figure 5A and Figure 5B A 2D expansion system 500 is shown, where the FBS lens 522 comprises two parts: a part where the surface 118 expands the image vertically, and a part where the surface 117 expands the light in the horizontal direction. For simplicity, the projection unit is not shown in the figure. As can be seen, the light 528 is first injected into the upper part and expanded in the horizontal direction by the surface 117, and then expanded in the vertical direction by the surface 118. Figure 5B The same system is shown from a side view in . The light rays leaving the FBS lens 522 after 2D expansion are shown as light rays 532. For simplicity, only a single propagation direction of light is shown in the figure.

[0059] Fig. 6A and Figure 6B An optical system is shown that uses a FBS lens 610 to deflect light from an external source outside the lens 610 to the EMB without propagating along the lens 610 itself. The projection unit 104 and its microdisplay 105 project a ray 612 of collimated light at an acute angle relative to the arrangement axis α. The light 612 enters the lens 610 through the major surface 616. In one embodiment, the collimated light enters the major surface 616 at an angle between 5° and 45° relative to the arrangement axis α. A film or coating with specific optical properties can be applied to the major surface 616 so that the incoming light can be guided to enter the lens 610 at a shallow angle.

[0060] Some of the light 612 entering the lens 610 through the first major surface 616 may be immediately deflected from the FBS surface 118 toward the EMB as light 612a. Some of the light 612 entering the lens 610 through the first major surface 616 may be transmitted through one or more FBS surfaces 118 and then reflected from another surface 118 toward the EMB as light 612b. Fig. 6A and Figure 6B In the embodiment of FIG. 6A , no light propagates along the lens 610 itself (along the arrangement axis α) by total internal reflection from the first major surface 614 and the second major surface 616 .

[0061] definition

[0062] Included below are definitions of selected terms used herein. The definitions include various examples or forms of components that fall within the scope of the term and can be used in an implementation. The examples are not intended to be limiting. Both singular and plural forms of a term may be within a definition.

[0063] An "operable connection" or a connection through which entities are "operably connected" is a connection in which signals, physical communications, or logical communications can be sent or received. Typically, an operable connection includes a physical interface, an electrical interface, or a data interface, but it should be noted that an operable connection may include different combinations of these or other types of connections sufficient to allow operable control. For example, two entities may be operably connected by virtue of being able to transmit signals directly to each other or through one or more intermediate entities (such as a processor, operating system, logic, software, or other entity). Logical or physical communication channels may be used to create an operable connection.

[0064] To the extent the terms "include" or "including" are used in the detailed description or the claims, they are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the way the term "comprising" is interpreted when used as a transition word in a claim. In addition, to the extent the term "or" is used in the detailed description or the claims (e.g., A or B), it is intended to mean "A or B or both." When applicants intend to indicate "only A or B but not both," then the term "only A or B but not both" will be used. Therefore, the use of the term "or" herein is inclusive, rather than exclusive. See Bryan A. Garner, Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage 624 (2d ed. 1995).

[0065] Although example systems, methods, etc. have been shown by describing examples, and although examples have been described in considerable detail, it is not the intention of the applicant to limit or in any way restrict the scope to such details. Of course, in order to describe the systems, methods, etc. described herein, it is impossible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methods. Additional advantages and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific details, representative devices, and illustrative examples shown and described. Therefore, the present application is intended to include changes, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims. In addition, the previous description is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Instead, the scope of the present invention is determined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A near-eye display optical system, comprising: a lens extending along an arrangement axis and having (a) an input plane and (b) a first major surface and a second major surface extending generally along the arrangement axis, The lens is configured to receive light corresponding to an image via the input plane and collimated along the arrangement axis; and The lens includes a group of partially reflective inner surfaces, which are arranged along the arrangement axis at an angle relative to the arrangement axis, and a first partially reflective inner surface among the group of partially reflective inner surfaces that is closest to the input plane has a lower reflectivity than a second partially reflective inner surface that is farthest from the input plane, so that at least some of the light reaches the second partially reflective inner surface after being transmitted by the first partially reflective inner surface without being reflected from the first main surface or the second main surface before.

2. The near-eye display according to claim 1, wherein: The second partially reflective interior surface reflects at least some of the light out of the lens at a 90 degree angle toward an eye box of a user of the near-eye display. 3 . The near-eye display according to claim 1 , comprising a projection unit configured to project light collimated along the arrangement axis corresponding to the image onto the lens via the input plane.

4. The near-eye display according to claim 1, comprising: a first external lens adjacent to the first major surface and having optical power; as well as A second external lens is adjacent to the second major surface and has an optical focal length complementary to that of the first external lens, so that landscape light transmitted through the first external lens and acted upon by the optical focal length of the first major surface is subsequently transmitted through the second external lens by the optical focal length of the second major surface to present to a user landscape light similar to that first received by the first external lens.

5. The near-eye display according to claim 4, wherein: At least one of the first outer lens and the second outer lens is non-planar, or The first outer lens and the second outer lens are not parallel to each other.

6. The near-eye display according to claim 4, comprising: an optical shutter disposed between (a) one of the first external lens and the second external lens and (b) a corresponding one of the first major surface and the second major surface to overlap with at least some of the partially reflective surfaces along an optical axis of the near-eye display, the optical shutter including a polarizer oriented so that only P-polarized light of the landscape light is transmitted through the lens and the partially reflective surface toward an eye of the user, wherein the partially reflective surface coating is polarization-dependent and has a lower P-polarization reflectivity and a higher S-polarization reflectivity.

7. The near-eye display according to claim 1, comprising: An external lens adjacent to the second major surface and having an optical power, the external lens being configured to reflect light toward a center of gaze of a user of the near-eye display, the center of gaze of the user being positioned at a predetermined distance from the user's eyes.

8. The near-eye display according to claim 7, wherein: The external lens has a curved surface, wherein the image has different focal planes between two axes, such that after propagating through the curved surface, the image has symmetrical focal points at the predetermined distance.

9. The near-eye display according to claim 1, wherein: The first partially reflective interior surface and the second partially reflective interior surface are configured to reflect light toward a center of gaze of a user of the near-eye display, the center of gaze of the user being positioned at a predetermined distance from the user's eyes.

10. The near-eye display according to claim 1, wherein: At least one of the first major surface and the second major surface is non-planar, or the first major surface and the second major surface are not parallel.

11. The near-eye display according to claim 1, wherein: The set of partially reflective interior surfaces is configured to reflect light out of the lens toward an eye box of a user of the near-eye display, wherein the spacing between the partially reflective surfaces in the set of partially reflective interior surfaces is different, and the spacing is set to result in a uniform intensity distribution of all light fields at the eye box.

12. The near-eye display according to claim 1, wherein: The partial reflection area of ​​the second partially reflective inner surface is closer to the first main surface, and the partial reflection area of ​​the first partially reflective inner surface is closer to the second main surface, so that the respective partial reflection areas of the first partially reflective surface and the second partially reflective surface are inclined relative to the arrangement axis.

13. A near-eye display comprising a plurality of lenses according to claim 1, a first lens of the plurality of lenses being configured to expand the light in a first direction, and a second lens of the plurality of lenses being configured to thereafter expand the light in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

14. A near-eye display optical system, comprising: a lens extending along an arrangement axis and having (a) an input plane and (b) a first major surface and a second major surface extending generally along the arrangement axis, The lens is configured to receive collimated light corresponding to an image, the collimated light entering the lens through the input plane; and The lens includes a set of partially reflective internal surfaces, which are arranged along the arrangement axis at an angle relative to the arrangement axis, and a first partially reflective internal surface in the set of partially reflective internal surfaces has a partial reflectivity, so that at least some of the collimated light is reflected out of the lens by the first partially reflective internal surface without being previously reflected from the first major surface or the second major surface.

15. The near-eye display according to claim 14, wherein: The input plane corresponds to the first major surface or the second major surface.

16. The near-eye display of claim 14, wherein: The collimated light enters the lens through the first major surface or the second major surface at an acute angle relative to the arrangement axis.

17. The near-eye display according to claim 14, wherein: At least some of the collimated light, after being transmitted by the first partially reflective inner surface, reaches a second partially reflective inner surface of the set of partially reflective inner surfaces and is reflected out of the lens by the second partially reflective inner surface.

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