A tadpole feed formula and preparation method

Abstract

The invention proposes a tadpole feed and a preparation method thereof. The raw materials are as follows by weight percentage: 8% to 12% yellow mealworm powder, 26% to 32% soybean powder, 8% to 11% broad bean powder, 1% to 3% probiotic liquid, 0.5% to 1.5% pseudocone extract and the remainder whole wheat flour; the probiotic liquid comprises lactic acid bacteria, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria mixed and cultured; the pseudocone extract comprises ethanol soaked and extracted roots and / or stems of pseudocone. The invention selects yellow mealworm powder, soybean powder, whole wheat flour, broad bean powder, probiotic liquid and pseudocone extract as components of tadpole feed, and scientifically proportions. The formula comprehensively considers the growth needs of tadpoles, can provide sufficient plant and animal proteins, and can enhance immunity and disease resistance through probiotic liquid and pseudocone extract. On the basis of reducing the amount of animal protein source, the survival rate and metamorphosis rate of tadpoles can be further improved, the cost is reduced, the preparation method is simple, the effect is obvious, and it is suitable for industrial production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of animal feed technology, and in particular to a tadpole feed formula and preparation method. Background Art

[0002] Tadpoles are the larvae of most amphibians in the family Ranidae of the order Anura, also known as toad eggs. Newly hatched tadpoles have a spindle-shaped body, lack limbs, a mouth, and internal gills, but possess a laterally flattened, long tail. They have external gills on the sides of their heads for respiration, and suckers under their heads for attaching to aquatic plants. Tadpoles are sensitive to their environment and prefer dimly lit, quiet places. Most tadpoles feed on algae by scraping with rows of horny teeth at their mouths; some feed on the carcasses of small animals such as earthworms and beetles. Some species, such as the small rain frog and the black rain frog (Rainy tadpole), lack horny teeth and primarily filter plankton from the water.

[0003] The tadpole stage is a crucial period for larval development. The quality of feeding and management during this period determines the growth and development of tadpoles and the number of metamorphosed tadpoles produced. However, existing tadpole feeds generally have the following problems: (1) Insufficient protein quality. Most tadpole feeds are mainly plant protein and lack essential high-quality animal protein, resulting in slow growth and insufficient nutrients in the tadpoles; (2) Poor immunity. Existing feeds lack effective immune-enhancing components, making tadpoles susceptible to pathogen infection, leading to disease outbreaks and affecting breeding efficiency; (3) Single composition. Traditional feeds usually lack comprehensive nutritional support and cannot meet the needs of tadpoles at various growth stages, affecting their healthy development. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a tadpole feed formula and preparation method, which aims to improve the protein quality, immunity and disease resistance of tadpoles and adult frogs by adding natural and efficient ingredients.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows:

[0006] A tadpole feed, by weight percentage, contains the following ingredients: 8%~12% mealworm powder, 26%~32% soybean powder, 8%~11% broad bean powder, 1%~3% probiotic liquid, 0.5%~1.5% betel nut extract, and the remainder whole wheat flour;

[0007] The probiotic solution is obtained by mixing and culturing lactic acid bacteria, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria; the mass ratio of lactic acid bacteria, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria is 3~5:3~5:1~2;

[0008] The konjac extract is obtained by extracting the roots and / or stems of konjac by soaking in ethanol.

[0009] The probiotics used in this invention are a compound microbial preparation that can produce a beneficial microbial community through fermentation, regulating the intestinal microecological balance. This probiotic liquid not only promotes the balance of the tadpole's intestinal microbial community, but also enhances its immunity and disease resistance. Appropriate addition can significantly improve the tadpole's tolerance to environmental stress and disease prevention effect.

[0010] Fake Konjac ( Piper sarmentosum Roxb. *Prunus cerasifera* is a plant commonly used to boost immunity. It contains various active ingredients, such as flavonoids and saponins, which can enhance immune function and disease resistance. The amount of *Prunus cerasifera* extract added should be controlled within a certain range; excessive addition may result in a strong taste in the feed, reducing tadpoles' acceptance. The addition of *Prunus cerasifera* extract can improve the immunity of tadpoles and adult frogs and has a good effect on disease and pest control.

[0011] A further proposed solution is to use the following ingredients by weight percentage: 8%~12% mealworm powder, 28%~30% soybean powder, 9%~10% broad bean powder, 1%~2% probiotic liquid, 0.5%~1.2% konjac extract, and the remainder whole wheat flour.

[0012] A further proposed solution is to use the following ingredients by weight percentage: 8%~12% mealworm powder, 28%~30% soybean powder, 9%~10% broad bean powder, 1%~2% probiotic liquid, 0.8%~1% konjac extract, and the remainder whole wheat flour.

[0013] A further method involves preparing the probiotic liquid by mixing lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and photosynthetic bacteria, adding sugar sources and minerals, adjusting the pH value, fermenting at 28-55℃ for 3-7 days, filtering, and obtaining the probiotic liquid. It is necessary to control the fermentation time carefully to avoid insufficient activity due to too short a time, or decomposition of some effective components due to too long a time.

[0014] The sugar source includes at least one of molasses, glucose, or sucrose;

[0015] The minerals include at least one of calcium, magnesium, potassium, or sodium.

[0016] A further proposed approach is to add 2wt% to 4wt% of the sugar source and 0.2wt% to 0.8wt% of the minerals, based on the weight of the fermentation broth.

[0017] A further embodiment is that the lactic acid bacteria include Lactobacillus plantarum (…). Lactobacillus plantarum The yeast includes Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Saccharomyces cerevisiae The photosynthetic bacteria include Rhodopseudomonas palustris (…). Rhodopseudomonas palustris ).

[0018] A further method is to prepare the extract of *Prunella vulgaris* by taking the roots and / or stems of *Prunella vulgaris*, crushing them, adding a 70%~80% ethanol solution for immersion extraction for 40~50 h, filtering, and concentrating the extract to a mass concentration of 18%~25%. The concentrated extract has a high concentration of active ingredients and can effectively enhance the immunity of tadpoles.

[0019] This invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned tadpole feed, comprising the following steps:

[0020] S1: According to the formula, mix the mealworm powder, soybean powder, whole wheat flour and broad bean powder, and grind them to obtain a powder; this step can ensure that the active ingredients of probiotics in the feed are not destroyed and maintain the effectiveness of betel nut extract.

[0021] S2: Add probiotic liquid and konjac extract to the pulverized material, mix, and dry at 40~50℃ for 4~6 h to obtain the tadpole feed; during the addition of probiotic liquid and konjac extract, excessively high temperature will cause the destruction of active ingredients, so the drying temperature of the feed must be strictly controlled.

[0022] A further option is to pulverize the material to 60-100 mesh in step S1.

[0023] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned tadpole feed in increasing the protein content of tadpoles.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] This invention selects mealworm powder, soybean powder, whole wheat flour, broad bean powder, probiotic liquid, and konjac extract as components of tadpole feed, and scientifically proportions them. This formula comprehensively considers the growth needs of tadpoles, providing sufficient plant and animal protein, while also enhancing immunity and disease resistance through probiotic liquid and konjac extract. It can further improve the survival rate and metamorphosis rate of tadpoles while reducing the amount of animal protein source, reducing costs, simplifying the preparation method, and achieving significant results, making it suitable for industrial production. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0027] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the embodiments of this invention are all conventional methods.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents used in the embodiments of this invention are commercially available.

[0029] The *Lactobacillus plantarum* used in the embodiments of this invention ( Lactobacillus plantarum ), Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) and Rhodopseudomonas palustris ( Rhodopseudomonas palustris Purchased from Shandong Xinxiong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0030] Activated culture of Lactobacillus plantarum ( Lactobacillus plantarum ), Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) and Rhodopseudomonas palustris ( Rhodopseudomonas palustris The number of viable bacteria in all samples was greater than 1×10⁻⁶. 6 CFU.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] The tadpole feed formula (by weight percentage) is shown in Table 1 below.

[0033] Table 1 Formula

[0034]

[0035] The preparation methods for the tadpole feeds in formulas 1-7 above are as follows:

[0036] (1) Mixing and preliminary crushing:

[0037] Mealworm powder, soybean powder, whole wheat powder, and broad bean powder are mixed in a predetermined ratio and then subjected to preliminary grinding to 80 mesh to ensure uniform particle size and easy digestibility and absorption.

[0038] (2) Preparation and addition of probiotic liquid:

[0039] Take activated cultured Lactobacillus plantarum ( Lactobacillus plantarum ), Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) and Rhodopseudomonas palustris ( Rhodopseudomonas palustris Mix the ingredients in a ratio of 4:4:2, add molasses (3% of the total fermentation liquid) and appropriate amounts of minerals (0.5% of the total fermentation liquid, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and sodium chloride in a ratio of 4:2:2:2), adjust the pH value to the range of 5.5-6.5, and then ferment for 6 days in a suitable temperature environment of 32℃-35℃. The liquid will have a certain fermentation odor and no obvious impurities. After fermentation, filter to obtain a clear probiotic liquid.

[0040] (3) Ethanol extraction of konjac extract:

[0041] Select high-quality konjac rhizomes, clean and cut them, and soak them in 75% ethanol (by volume) for 48 hours. After soaking, filter the extract and concentrate it to about 20% concentration.

[0042] (4) Mixing and drying process:

[0043] Mix all raw materials and additives thoroughly to ensure that each feed portion receives balanced nutrition. After mixing, place the feed in a drying device, and control the drying temperature between 40-50℃ for 5 hours.

[0044] Test Example 1

[0045] Tadpoles with a body length of 2.8-3.5 cm and a weight of 0.4-0.6 g were selected as the research subjects. Tadpoles that had been temporarily raised were randomly selected and divided into groups of 120 tadpoles each, with 3 replicates per group and 40 tadpoles per replicate. They were fed the feed prepared in Example 1 above, with a daily feeding amount of 3%-4% of the tadpole's body weight, twice a day, for 10 consecutive weeks. The breeding results were then recorded.

[0046] Survival rate (%) = (Number of tadpoles at the end of the experiment / Number of tadpoles before the start of the experiment) × 100%;

[0047] Metamorphosis rate (%) = Number of tadpoles that successfully metamorphose / Number of tadpoles before the experiment × 100%.

[0048] Table 2. Tadpole growth

[0049]

[0050] As shown in Table 2 above, the survival rate and metamorphosis rate of tadpoles improved with the increase of the amount of betel worm extract in the feed formula. The addition of betel worm extract can enhance the immunity of tadpoles and has a good disease and pest prevention effect, which helps to improve the survival rate and metamorphosis rate of tadpoles. However, excessive addition of betel worm extract can easily lead to an enhanced feed taste, reducing the acceptance of tadpoles, and thus affecting the survival rate and metamorphosis rate to a certain extent. This invention selects mealworm powder, soybean powder, whole wheat flour, broad bean powder, probiotic liquid, and betel worm extract as components of tadpole feed, with scientific proportions, reducing the amount of animal protein source, lowering costs, and simplifying the preparation method, making it suitable for industrial production.

[0051] Test Example 2

[0052] After the experiment, 30 tadpoles (Gosner stages 43-46) were randomly selected from each group. The heads, blood, internal organs, and muscles of the skeleton were removed, dried, and pulverized. The protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method according to GB / T 6432-2018.

[0053] Table 3 Protein content of tadpoles

[0054]

[0055] As shown in Table 3 above, the protein content of tadpoles varied depending on the amount of konjac extract added to the feed. Adding a certain amount of konjac extract helps to increase the protein content of tadpoles.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] The tadpole feed formula (by weight percentage) is shown in Table 4 below.

[0058] Table 4 Formula

[0059]

[0060] The preparation methods for the tadpole feed in formulas 8-9 above are the same as in Example 1;

[0061] In Formula 10, the preparation method for the probiotic liquid is different, as detailed below:

[0062] (1) Mixing and preliminary crushing:

[0063] Mealworm powder, soybean powder, whole wheat powder, and broad bean powder are mixed in a predetermined ratio and then subjected to preliminary grinding to 80 mesh to ensure uniform particle size and easy digestibility and absorption.

[0064] (2) Preparation and addition of probiotic liquid:

[0065] Take activated cultured Bifidobacteria ( Bifidobacterium ) and Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtle Mix the ingredients in a 4:4 ratio, add molasses (3% of the total fermentation liquid) and appropriate amounts of minerals (0.5% of the total fermentation liquid, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and sodium chloride in a 4:2:2:2 ratio), adjust the pH to 5.5-6.5, and then ferment for 6 days in a suitable temperature environment of 32℃-35℃. The liquid will have a certain fermentation odor and no obvious impurities. After fermentation, filter to obtain a clear probiotic liquid.

[0066] (3) Ethanol extraction of konjac extract:

[0067] Select high-quality konjac rhizomes, clean and cut them, and soak them in 75% ethanol (by volume) for 48 hours. After soaking, filter the extract and concentrate it to about 20% concentration.

[0068] (4) Mixing and drying process:

[0069] Mix all raw materials and additives thoroughly to ensure that each feed portion receives balanced nutrition. After mixing, place the feed in a drying device, and control the drying temperature between 40-50℃ for 5 hours.

[0070] According to the experimental method in Test Example 1, the metamorphosis rates of tadpoles fed with formulas 8 and 9 were 68.3% and 78.3%, respectively, while the metamorphosis rate of tadpoles fed with formula 10 was 82.5%. Compared with formula 5, the addition of probiotic liquid to the feed formulas 8 and 9 helped improve the metamorphosis rate of tadpoles, and different probiotics had different effects on tadpoles.

[0071] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tadpole feed, characterized in that: The raw materials are as follows by weight percentage: 8% to 12% yellow mealworm powder, 26% to 32% soybean powder, 8% to 11% broad bean powder, 1% to 3% probiotic liquid, 0.5% to 1.5% pseudocone extract and the balance whole wheat flour; The preparation method of the probiotic liquid comprises the steps of: Lactobacillus plantarum )、Saccharomyces cerevisiae( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) and Rhodopseudomonas palustris ( Rhodopseudomonas palustris ) and add sugar source and minerals, adjust pH value, ferment at 28-55℃ for 3-7 days, filter and obtain probiotic liquid; The sugar source includes at least one of molasses, glucose or sucrose; The minerals include at least one of calcium, magnesium, potassium or sodium; The mass ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodopseudomonas palustris is 3-5:3-5:1-2; The preparation method of the pseudocong extract comprises taking the root and / or stem of the pseudocong, crushing it, adding an ethanol solution with a volume concentration of 70% to 80% for immersion extraction for 40 to 50 hours, filtering it, and concentrating the extract to a mass concentration of 18% to 25%.

2. A tadpole feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: Calculated by weight percentage, the raw materials are as follows: 8% to 12% mealworm powder, 28% to 30% soybean powder, 9% to 10% broad bean powder, 1% to 2% probiotic liquid, 0.5% to 1.2% pseudokonjac extract and the remainder whole wheat flour.

3. A tadpole feed according to claim 2, characterized in that, Calculated by weight percentage, the raw materials are as follows: 8% to 12% yellow mealworm powder, 28% to 30% soybean powder, 9% to 10% broad bean powder, 1% to 2% probiotic liquid, 0.8% to 1% pseudokonjac extract and the remainder whole wheat flour.

4. A tadpole feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the weight of the fermentation liquid, the added amount of the sugar source is 2wt%~4wt%, and the added amount of the mineral is 0.2wt%~0.8wt%.

5. The method for preparing the tadpole feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: According to the formula, yellow mealworm powder, soybean powder, whole wheat powder and broad bean powder are mixed and crushed to obtain a crushed material; S2: adding the probiotic solution and the Pseudoconazole extract to the crushed material, mixing, and drying at 40-50° C. for 4-6 h to obtain the tadpole feed.

6. The method for preparing tadpole feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S1, the powder is crushed to 60-100 mesh.

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