Heat protection structure of a semi-open dissipative structure with a channelling coupling

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of heat protection structure of dissipation structure of half-open type of dredging coupling, belong to high-speed aircraft heat protection technical field, including dredging structure shell, dredging structure capillary core, dredging structure working medium, half-open type dissipation structure, half-open type dissipation working medium, half-open type dissipation structure exhaust pipe, half-open type dissipation structure control switch.For local high heating component of hypersonic vehicle, on the basis of half-active dredging type temperature equalization heat protection, in combination with the phase change endothermic and discharge heat dissipation of active dissipation working medium, increase heat absorption and dissipation path, to optimize the internal heat distribution of structure while effectively reducing the total amount of heat, by dredging half-active heat protection and active dissipation coupling to realize internal heat control and management of structure, solve the non-ablation heat protection problem under extreme environment, provide feasible heat protection technical approach for the performance improvement of future high-speed aircraft.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of thermal protection technology for high-speed aircraft, and particularly relates to a thermal protection structure with a sparse coupling semi-open dissipation structure. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, as the speed of high-speed aircraft continues to increase, the aerodynamic heating of local high heat flux parts such as the leading edge of the fuselage and the leading edge of the wing rudder has been increasing, and the operating temperature has been getting higher and higher, reaching or even exceeding the upper limit of the operating temperature of existing heat protection material systems.

[0003] Dissipated thermal protection is a crucial approach for thermal protection in high-heat-flux areas of high-speed aircraft. Unlike passive thermal protection, semi-active thermal protection, based on active thermal management principles, achieves rapid heat transfer or efficient heat dissipation through innovative structures, effectively addressing non-ablative thermal protection challenges in extreme environments. Dissipated thermal protection, developed in recent years, is a typical innovative approach to solving the non-ablative thermal protection problem in areas with high localized heat flux. It is a semi-active thermal protection method that embodies the concept of internal heat transfer and dissipation, demonstrating significant application potential.

[0004] The basic principle of heat dissipation-type thermal protection: Based on the concept of active heat management, it abandons the simple methods of heat blocking and on-site consumption. Through internal working fluid phase change and transport, it achieves rapid transfer and efficient dissipation of incoming heat, significantly improving the system's heat protection capability. Heat dissipation-type thermal protection generally uses high-temperature heat pipes as the heat conduction path, and its main heat dissipation method is radiation, which suffers from insufficient heat dissipation capacity. To enhance its ability to cope with extreme environments, heat dissipation-type thermal protection generally uses high-temperature heat pipes as the heat conduction path, and its main heat dissipation method is radiation, which suffers from insufficient heat dissipation capacity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem addressed in this application is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a thermal protection structure with a semi-open, guided, and dissipative structure. Targeting locally heated components in hypersonic vehicles, this design combines semi-active guided heat dissipation with the phase change heat absorption and exhaust heat dissipation of an active dissipative working fluid, increasing heat absorption and dissipation pathways. This optimizes the internal heat distribution while effectively reducing the total heat load. By coupling guided semi-active heat protection with active dissipation, internal heat control and management are achieved, solving the problem of non-ablative thermal protection in extreme environments and providing a feasible thermal protection technology for improving the performance of future high-speed vehicles.

[0006] The technical solution provided in this application is as follows:

[0007] A thermal protection structure with a semi-open dissipative structure and a conductive coupling includes a conductive structure shell, a conductive structure capillary core, a conductive structure working fluid, a semi-open dissipative structure, a dissipative fluid, an exhaust pipe, and a control switch. The interior of the conductive structure shell is a sealed space. The conductive structure capillary core covers and is tightly connected to the entire inner wall of the conductive structure shell. The conductive structure capillary core has a porous capillary structure, and the conductive structure working fluid is located within the porous capillary structure of the conductive structure capillary core. The semi-open dissipative structure is connected to the inner wall of the conductive structure shell, and the dissipative fluid is located inside the semi-open dissipative structure. One end of the exhaust pipe is located inside the semi-open dissipative structure, and the other end extends out of the conductive structure shell. The control switch is connected to the exhaust pipe and is used to control the opening and closing of the exhaust pipe.

[0008] The shell of the dredging structure is made of high-temperature alloy.

[0009] The porous capillary structure of the slurry capillary core is formed by wire mesh weaving, sintering or 3D printing.

[0010] The working fluid of the diaphragm structure is an alkali metal.

[0011] The dissipative working medium is an alkali metal.

[0012] The semi-open dissipation structure includes a dissipation shell and a dissipation capillary core. One side of the dissipation shell is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the dredging structure shell. The dissipation capillary core covers the inner wall of the dissipation shell and has a porous capillary structure. One end of the exhaust pipe is located inside the dissipation shell and extends from the fixed side to the outside of the dredging structure shell.

[0013] The semi-open dissipation structure also includes a liquid storage structure. The side where the dissipation shell and the inner wall of the dredging structure shell are fixedly connected is the fixed side. The dissipation capillary core covers the inner wall of the dissipation shell without the fixed side and is in close contact with the dissipation shell. The liquid storage structure is connected to the inner wall of the dissipation shell on the fixed side. The liquid storage structure is a porous capillary structure. The liquid storage structure is connected to the dissipation capillary core. The thickness of the liquid storage structure is greater than that of the dissipation capillary core.

[0014] The semi-open dissipation structure also includes a filling pipe, one end of which extends into the dissipation shell and the other end extends out of the dredging structure shell, for filling the dissipation working medium into the dissipation shell.

[0015] The dissipative shell is fixedly connected with reinforcing ribs.

[0016] In summary, this application includes at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0017] 1. High heat protection capability: The thermal protection structure with a semi-open dissipative structure using a conductive coupling can meet the leading edge thermal protection requirements in extreme environments.

[0018] 2. Good designability. The conducting and dissipating working fluids can be varied according to the actual thermal environment at the leading edge, resulting in a wide design range. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a thermal protection structure for a semi-open dissipative structure with a sparse coupling;

[0020] Figure 2 Example calculation model;

[0021] Figure 3 Temperature field distribution results in a passive solid metal state;

[0022] Figure 4 Temperature field distribution results of a purely conductive heat-resistant structure;

[0023] Figure 5 Temperature field distribution results for a semi-open dissipative structure with an equivalent power of 1.0 kW;

[0024] Figure 6 Temperature field distribution results for a semi-open dissipative structure with an equivalent power of 2.0 kW;

[0025] Figure 7 Temperature field distribution results for a semi-open dissipative structure with an equivalent power of 6.0 kW;

[0026] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a main-passive coupling thermal protection structure;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of a semi-open dissipative structure. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments disclosed in the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown in the embodiment of this application, a thermal protection structure of a semi-open dissipative structure with conductive coupling proposed in this invention is provided, including a conductive structure shell 1, a conductive structure capillary core 2, a conductive structure working fluid 3, a semi-open dissipative structure 4, a dissipative working fluid 5, an exhaust pipe 6, and a control switch 7. The conductive structure shell 1 is part of the leading edge structure of the aircraft, and one end of the conductive structure shell 1 is a pointed tip. The interior of the conductive structure shell 1 is a sealed space. The conductive structure capillary core 2 is tightly connected to the conductive structure shell 1. The conductive structure working fluid 3 is inside the conductive structure capillary core 2. The semi-open dissipative structure 4 is connected to the inner wall of the conductive structure shell 1. The dissipative working fluid 5 is inside the semi-open dissipative structure 4. The semi-open dissipative structure 4 is connected to the exhaust pipe 6, and the exhaust pipe 6 extends outside the conductive structure shell 1 and is isolated from the external environment by the control switch 7.

[0030] The diaphragm structure shell 1 is made of high-temperature alloy, and its shape includes but is not limited to wedge, cone or irregular shape, with a leading edge radius as small as millimeters.

[0031] The dredging structure shell 1 is formed into a hollow, sealed space by welding or 3D printing, with 3D printing being preferred.

[0032] The sparse capillary core 2 is constructed by screen weaving, sintering or 3D printing to form a porous capillary structure, with 3D printing being the preferred method.

[0033] The working fluid 3 in the diaphragm structure is an alkali metal.

[0034] The semi-open dissipative structure 4 includes a dissipative shell 41, a dissipative capillary core 42, a liquid storage structure 43, and a filling pipe 44. One side of the dissipative shell 41 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the guiding structure shell 1, and the side of the dissipative shell 41 that is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the guiding structure shell 1 is the fixed side. The dissipative capillary core 42 covers the inner wall of the dissipative shell 41 excluding the fixed side and is in close contact with the dissipative shell 41. One end of the exhaust pipe 6 is located inside the dissipative shell 41 and extends from the fixed side to the outside of the guiding structure shell 1. The dissipative shell 41 also has a liquid storage structure 43 on the inner wall of the fixed side. The liquid storage structure 43 is a porous capillary structure and is connected to the dissipative capillary core 42. The thickness of the liquid storage structure 43 is greater than that of the dissipative capillary core 42. One end of the filling pipe 44 extends into the dissipative shell 41 and the other end extends out of the guiding structure shell 1, and is used to fill the dissipative working medium 5 into the dissipative shell 41. The dissipative capillary core 42 allows for a larger contact area between the liquid dissipative working medium 5 and the guiding structure shell 1, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency. The liquid dissipative working medium 5 in the liquid storage structure 43 can be replenished into the dissipative capillary core 42 in a timely manner through capillary action. Reinforcing ribs 45 are fixedly connected inside the dissipative shell 41.

[0035] The shape of the semi-open dissipation structure 4 is determined according to actual usage requirements, including but not limited to spheres, cuboids, or irregular shapes.

[0036] The dissipative working medium 5 is an alkali metal.

[0037] Control switch 7 is an adaptive control switch that can be opened adaptively according to pressure and temperature.

[0038] To enhance its ability to cope with extreme environments, this patent has developed the following... Figure 8 The diagram illustrates a coupled active-passive thermal protection system. The self-starting active heat dissipation system, inspired by capillary transport systems, integrates working fluid storage, gas-liquid separation, and transport, overcoming the system complexity and high cost-benefit requirements of traditional active thermal protection systems. The overall structure is as follows: Figure 9 As shown in the figure.

[0039] Example

[0040] To demonstrate the feasibility of this method, we designed a thermal protection structure for a semi-open dissipative structure with a guided coupling and calculated its active cooling performance. The relevant parameters are set as follows: The thermal protection structure of the semi-open dissipative structure with a guided coupling includes a shell, a capillary core, a working fluid, a semi-open dissipative structure, a semi-open dissipative working fluid, an exhaust pipe, and a control switch. The interior of the guided structure is a sealed space. The capillary core is tightly connected to the shell, the working fluid is inside the capillary core, the semi-open dissipative working fluid is inside the semi-open dissipative structure, the exhaust pipe is connected to the semi-open dissipative structure, and the structure is isolated from the external environment through the control switch.

[0041] In this embodiment, the shell of the heat-dissipating structure is made of niobium-based high-temperature alloy, and lithium is selected as the heat-dissipating working fluid. The calculation states are Ma8 and H = 30km. The equivalent power of the semi-open dissipative structure is 1.0, 2.0, and 6.0kW, respectively. Simultaneously, the passive solid metal state without any heat protection structure and the state with only the heat-dissipating structure are calculated (corresponding to an equivalent power of 0 for the semi-open dissipative structure). The calculation model is as follows: Figure 2 The working principle is as follows: In operation, the stagnation points and large areas of the heat pipe structure are heated. The heat is conducted from the stagnation point area to the interior of the heat pipe cavity, causing the heat pipe working fluid to evaporate and gradually start working. The stagnation points with high local heating are the evaporation points, while the areas with lower local heating and the semi-open dissipation structure are the condensation points. The vapor in the cavity transfers the heat from the high heat flux areas to the low heat flux areas and the surface of the semi-open dissipation structure through convection and phase change heat transfer, making the entire heat protection structure isothermal. The heat is effectively dissipated through the semi-open dissipation structure, reducing the thermal protection pressure in the stagnation point area at the tip and improving the thermal protection performance.

[0042] Figure 3 The temperature field calculation results are for a passive solid metal without any heat protection structure. Figure 4 The temperature field calculation results are for the state with only the heat-insulating structure (corresponding to the semi-open dissipation structure with an equivalent power of 0). Figures 5-7The temperature field calculation results are for the semi-open dissipative structure with equivalent power of 1.0, 2.0, and 6.0 kW. The passive solid metal structure relies solely on the metal's heat transfer characteristics for heat dissipation, resulting in a stagnation temperature of approximately 1920 K. Excessive stagnation temperature can damage the shape of the heat-resistant structure. After adding the heat-dissipating structure, the stagnation temperature is significantly reduced to 1350 K, a decrease of 570 K compared to the passive heat-resistant solution. After coupling the semi-open dissipative structure for heat protection, the stagnation temperatures for the corresponding equivalent power of 1.0, 2.0, and 6.0 kW are 992 K, 809 K, and 797 K, respectively, representing decreases of 358 K, 541 K, and 553 K compared to the pure heat-dissipating solution, and decreases of 928 K, 1111 K, and 1123 K compared to the pure passive heat-resistant solution. It is evident that the cooling capacity provided by the semi-open dissipation mechanism is considerable. In addition to its cooling effect, the semi-open dissipation mechanism can further significantly reduce the stagnation temperature at the leading edge, improving thermal safety. However, calculations also show that the stagnation temperature does not continuously decrease with increasing heat absorption power of the semi-open dissipation structure. When the heat absorption power exceeds 2.0 kW, the stagnation temperature tends to stabilize. At this point, the temperature of a large area behind the stagnation point is low, with the tail cover temperature dropping below 100 K. The temperature difference of the entire structure mainly comes from the thermal resistance introduced by the wall thickness at the stagnation point. In reality, the heat absorption power provided by the semi-open dissipation structure cannot always remain constant. When the structure cools to a lower temperature, the heat absorption power will also decrease until equilibrium is reached. Therefore, in practical design, a reasonable design of the semi-open dissipation structure is crucial for the overall thermal protection structure.

[0043] The contents not described in detail in this application specification are common knowledge to those skilled in the art.

[0044] The present application has been described in detail above with reference to specific embodiments and exemplary examples; however, these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the present application. Those skilled in the art will understand that various equivalent substitutions, modifications, or improvements can be made to the technical solutions and implementation methods of the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and all such modifications and improvements fall within the scope of the present application. The scope of protection of the present application is determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A thermal protection structure with a semi-open, conductive coupling dissipative structure, characterized in that: The device includes a dredging structure shell (1), a dredging structure capillary core (2), a dredging structure working fluid (3), a semi-open dissipation structure (4), a dissipation working fluid (5), an exhaust pipe (6), and a control switch (7). The interior of the dredging structure shell (1) is a sealed space. The dredging structure capillary core (2) covers the entire inner wall of the dredging structure shell (1) and is in close contact with it. The dredging structure capillary core (2) has a porous capillary structure. The dredging structure working fluid (3) is inside the porous capillary structure of the dredging structure capillary core (2). The semi-open dissipation structure (4) is connected to the inner wall of the dredging structure shell (1). The dissipation working fluid (5) is inside the semi-open dissipation structure (4). One end of the exhaust pipe (6) is located inside the semi-open dissipation structure (4), and the other end extends out of the dredging structure shell (1). The control switch (7) is connected to the exhaust pipe (6) and is used to control the opening and closing of the exhaust pipe (6). The semi-open dissipation structure (4) includes a dissipation shell (41) and a dissipation capillary core (42). One side of the dissipation shell (41) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the dredging structure shell (1). The dissipation capillary core (42) covers the inner wall of the dissipation shell (41). The dissipation capillary core (42) is a porous capillary structure. One end of the exhaust pipe (6) is located inside the dissipation shell (41) and extends out from the fixed side to the outside of the dredging structure shell (1). The dissipative shell (41) is fixedly connected with a reinforcing rib (45).

2. The thermal protection structure of the conductive coupling semi-open dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dredging structure shell (1) is made of high-temperature alloy.

3. The thermal protection structure of the conductive coupling semi-open dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The porous capillary structure of the slurry capillary core (2) is formed by wire mesh weaving, sintering or 3D printing.

4. The thermal protection structure of the conductive coupling semi-open dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working fluid (3) of the dredging structure is an alkali metal.

5. The thermal protection structure of the conductive coupling semi-open dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dissipative working medium (5) is an alkali metal.

6. The thermal protection structure of the conductive coupling semi-open dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The semi-open dissipative structure (4) also includes a liquid storage structure (43). The side where the dissipative shell (41) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the guiding structure shell (1) is the fixed side. The dissipative capillary core (42) covers the inner wall of the dissipative shell (41) without the fixed side and is in close contact with the dissipative shell (41). The liquid storage structure (43) is connected to the inner wall of the dissipative shell (41) on the fixed side. The liquid storage structure (43) is a porous capillary structure. The liquid storage structure (43) is connected to the dissipative capillary core (42). The thickness of the liquid storage structure (43) is greater than that of the dissipative capillary core (42).

7. The thermal protection structure of the conductive coupling semi-open dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The semi-open dissipation structure (4) also includes a filling tube (44), one end of which extends into the dissipation shell (41) and the other end extends out of the dredging structure shell (1), for filling the dissipation working medium (5) into the dissipation shell (41).

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