A method for preparing a highly stable multi-component rutile-structured acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for preparing a highly stable multi-element rutile-structured acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst. The catalyst comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1-25 parts of a catalytically active non-precious metal precursor, 0.1-50 parts of a catalytically active precious metal precursor, 1-200 parts of acetone solution, and 1-200 parts of a metal chelating agent. The method includes the following steps: mixing a mixture of acetone solution and metal chelating agent with a mixture of acetone solution and catalytically active non-precious metal precursor a to form a mixture 1; adding catalytically active non-precious metal precursor b to form a mixture 2; and adding a mixture of catalytically active precious metal precursor and acetone solution to form a mixture 3; subjecting mixture 3 to a hydrothermal reaction; and washing the resulting solid product by centrifugation with acetone, filtering, drying, carbonizing, and calcining. This invention introduces a large number of acid- and alkali-resistant elements, improving the stability of the catalyst under alkaline and acidic conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen production by water electrolysis, and specifically to a method for preparing a highly stable multi-component rutile-structured acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, green energy, represented by hydrogen energy, is characterized by its cleanliness, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness, and it also has a higher energy density than traditional fossil fuels. However, current industrial applications still primarily rely on fossil fuel-based hydrogen production, which clearly cannot solve the environmental pollution problem caused by fossil fuels. Water electrolysis, using water as a raw material, offers environmentally friendly hydrogen production with a single, high-purity product. Currently, water electrolysis for hydrogen production is mainly divided into four categories: PEM electrolysis, alkaline water electrolysis (ALK), anion exchange membrane electrolysis (AEM), and high-temperature solid oxide electrolysis. Among these, alkaline water electrolysis (ALK) technology is quite mature and low-cost, but it has a slow dynamic response, low operating current density, and high electrolyte concentration. PEM electrolysis is also commercialized, offering fast dynamic response and high operating current density, but it is costly. Anion exchange membrane electrolysis (AEM) offers high operating current density, low cost, and fast dynamic response, but it is still in the experimental stage. High-temperature solid oxide electrolysis operates at high temperatures and is also still in the experimental stage.

[0003] With the rapid development of photovoltaic and wind power generation, hydrogen, as a green energy source with low storage costs, can be used to store excess electricity in the form of hydrogen through water electrolysis. However, photovoltaic and wind power generation are unstable and significantly affected by the environment, meaning the generated electricity cannot be directly utilized. Leveraging the rapid dynamic response of PEM and AEM water electrolysis systems, they can be used in conjunction with photovoltaic and wind power systems to address the issue of unstable power generation. However, PEM water electrolysis is expensive, partly due to the need for the precious metal iridium as a catalyst; therefore, a low-cost catalyst needs to be developed. While AEM water electrolysis can use non-precious metals as its anode catalyst, its stability is poor; therefore, introducing a small amount of precious metal can improve the catalyst's stability.

[0004] Ruthenium, a precious metal, has gained favor among researchers due to its low cost and high activity. While ruthenium oxide exhibits excellent electrolytic activity in PEM water electrolysis, its stability is poor, necessitating doping to improve the stability of ruthenium-based catalysts in PEM water electrolysis. In AEM water electrolysis, although low-cost non-precious metal catalysts can be used, their stability remains a concern. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a highly stable acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst with a multi-element rutile structure, which introduces a large number of acid- and alkali-resistant elements to improve the stability of the catalyst under alkaline and acidic conditions.

[0006] In one aspect of the invention, a highly stable multi-component rutile-structured acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst is provided. According to an embodiment of the invention, the catalyst comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1–25 parts of a catalytically active non-precious metal precursor, 0.1–50 parts of a catalytically active precious metal precursor, 1–200 parts of acetone solution, and 1–200 parts of a metal chelating agent.

[0007] In addition, the highly stable multi-component rutile structure acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst according to the above embodiments of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0008] In some embodiments of the present invention, the catalytically active non-noble metal precursor is a variety of SnCl4, MnCl2, GeCl4, VCl3, WCl3 and TiCl4.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, the catalytically active noble metal precursor is RuCl3 or H2IrCl6.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, the metal chelating agent is one of phenanthroline, xanthate esters, dithiocarbamate derivatives, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, diethylenetriammonium pentaacetic acid, citric acid, and hexamethylenetetraammonium.

[0011] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a highly stable multi-component rutile-structured acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method includes the following steps:

[0012] (1) Mix the acetone solution with the metal chelating agent (introducing a large amount of carbon source to improve the conductivity of the catalyst) to form solution A;

[0013] (2) Mix the acetone solution with the catalytically active non-precious metal precursor a to form solution B;

[0014] (3) Slowly add solution B to solution A, and after ultrasonic treatment, form mixture 1;

[0015] (4) Add one or more catalytically active non-precious metal precursors b to the mixture 1 and stir to form a mixture 2, wherein the catalytically active non-precious metal precursors a and b are different substances in the catalytically active non-precious metal precursors.

[0016] (5) Dissolve the catalytically active noble metal precursor in acetone solution and stir until homogeneous to form solution C;

[0017] (6) Add mixture 2 slowly dropwise into solution C, and after ultrasonic treatment, mixture 3 is formed;

[0018] (7) Load the mixed solution 3 into the reaction vessel and carry out the hydrothermal reaction;

[0019] (8) The solid product obtained in step (7) is washed by centrifugation with acetone, then filtered and dried.

[0020] (9) Grind the solid product obtained in step (8) into fine powder, and then place it in a tube furnace for reduction and carbonization (to improve the conductivity and stability of the catalyst).

[0021] (10) Grind the product obtained in step (9) into fine powder and calcine it at low temperature (to ensure that the surface of the catalyst nanoparticles is partially oxidized and the interior is not oxidized, thereby improving its conductivity) to obtain the highly stable multi-element rutile structure acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst.

[0022] Furthermore, the preparation method of a highly stable multi-component rutile-structured acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst according to the above embodiments of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0023] In some embodiments of the present invention, in steps (3) and (6), the ultrasonic time is 30 to 60 minutes; in step (4), the stirring time is 10 to 30 minutes.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step (7), the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 110-180°C and the time of the hydrothermal reaction is 15-24h.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step (8), the drying temperature is 40 to 80°C.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step (9), the temperature of the tubular furnace is 850-900°C.

[0027] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step (10), the calcination temperature is 200-300°C and the calcination time is 30-60 min.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0029] 1) This invention can not only improve the performance of Ru by changing the electron cloud arrangement around Ru, but also prevent Ru from being oxidized into ruthenium in a high valence state and precipitating out, which would cause a sharp drop in performance.

[0030] 2) The membrane electrode prepared by the present invention utilizes a multi-element acid-resistant, highly stable rutile structure catalyst, which exhibits good stability in PEM and AEM water electrolysis, and can also reduce the amount of precious metal ruthenium used, thereby reducing the cost of water electrolysis.

[0031] 3) The catalyst prepared by this invention introduces a large number of non-precious metal elements, which reduces the amount of precious metals used and effectively reduces the cost of the electrolyzer.

[0032] 4) The catalyst prepared by this invention incorporates a large number of acid-resistant and alkali-resistant elements, which improves the stability of the catalyst under alkaline and acidic conditions.

[0033] 5) The catalyst prepared by this invention introduces two or more non-precious metal elements, and utilizes their interaction with precious metal elements to improve the electrolysis performance of the catalyst under alkaline and acidic conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 The RuMnSnO in Embodiment 1 of the present invention x Electrolytic performance of the full cell in PEM water electrolysis;

[0035] Figure 2 The RuMnSnO in Embodiment 1 of the present invention x The stability of the full cell in PEM electrolysis of water.

[0036] Figure 3 The RuMnSnO in Embodiment 1 of the present invention x Electrolytic performance of the full cell in AEM water electrolysis.

[0037] Figure 4 The RuMnSnO in Embodiment 1 of the present invention x The electrostatic stability of the full cell in AEM water electrolysis.

[0038] Figure 5 The RuMnSnO in Embodiment 1 of the present invention x XRD pattern of peaks with rutile structure. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] A highly stable multi-element rutile-structured acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst comprises the following raw materials: 60 ml acetone, 260 mg of catalytically active noble metal precursor RuCl3, 480 mg of catalytically active non-noble metal precursor a SnCl4, 38 mg of catalytically active non-noble metal precursor b MnCl2, and 0.6 g phenanthroline.

[0042] A method for preparing a highly stable multi-component rutile-structured acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst includes the following steps:

[0043] Step 1: Measure 20 ml of acetone solution and pour it into beaker 1. Then weigh 0.6 g of phenanthroline and pour it into beaker 1. Stir well to form a homogeneous solution A.

[0044] Step 2: Measure 20 ml of acetone solution and pour it into beaker 2. Then add 80 mg of SnCl4 dropwise and stir until homogeneous solution B is formed.

[0045] Step 3: Slowly add solution B obtained in step 2 to solution A obtained in step 1 to form mixture 1, and sonicate for 30 minutes.

[0046] Step 4: Weigh 38 mg of MnCl2 and add it to mixture 1, and stir for 10 minutes to form mixture 2.

[0047] Step 5: Weigh 260 mg of RuCl3 and dissolve it in 30 ml of acetone solution, and stir well to form a homogeneous solution C.

[0048] Step 6: Slowly add the mixture 2 obtained in step 4 to the homogeneous solution C obtained in step 5, and sonicate for 30 minutes to form mixture 3.

[0049] Step 7: Load the mixed solution 3 obtained in step 6 into the reaction vessel and hydrothermally heat it at 110°C for 20 hours.

[0050] Step 8: Wash the solid product obtained in step 7 by centrifugation with acetone 4 times, then filter it and dry it at 60°C.

[0051] Step 9: Grind the solid product obtained in Step 8 into fine powder, and then place it in a tube furnace at 900°C for reduction carbonization.

[0052] Step 10: Grind the above product into a fine powder and calcine it in a muffle furnace at a low temperature of 300°C for 60 minutes to obtain the RuMnSnOx catalyst.

[0053] PEM electrolysis water performance test: Weigh 100mg of RuMnSnO xPrepare a slurry as the anode catalyst. Weigh 100 mg of Pt / C and prepare a slurry as the cathode catalyst. The anode catalyst equivalent is 2 mg / cm³. 2 The equivalent of the cathode catalyst is 0.3 mg / cm³. 2 The catalyst prepared above was fabricated into a membrane electrode, with deionized water passed through the anode and cathode respectively. A suitable gradient voltage was applied to the electrolyzer, such as... Figure 1 As shown, based on RuMnSnO x Electrolyzers made with catalysts operate at a current density of 2 A·cm⁻¹ -2 At that time, the voltage was only 2V. And it could withstand 0.5A·cm. -2 It can operate stably for at least 50 hours at current density. Figure 2 (As shown). Although pure water is used in PEM water electrolysis, the reaction process produces H₂. + The fact that it is in an acidic state indicates that RuMnSnOx is stable under acidic conditions.

[0054] AEM electrolysis water performance test: Weigh 100mg of RuMnSnO x A slurry was prepared and used as the anode catalyst. Similarly, 100 mg of Pt / C was weighed and prepared into a slurry and used as the cathode catalyst. The anode catalyst equivalent was 6 mg / cm³. 2 The equivalent of the cathode catalyst is 0.3 mg / cm³. 2 The catalyst prepared above was fabricated into a membrane electrode, and 1 mol of KOH solution was passed through the anode and cathode, respectively. A suitable gradient voltage was applied to the electrolytic cell. Figure 3 As shown, based on RuMnSnO x Electrolyzers made with catalysts can achieve a current density of 1.4 A·cm⁻¹ at a current density of 2 V. -2 And it is capable of operating at 0.5 A·cm. -2 It can operate stably for at least 22 hours at a current density. Figure 4 (As shown). Furthermore, Figure 5 This indicates that RuMnSnO x The presence of the same rutile structural characteristic peaks as RuO2 indicates that RuMnSnO x It is a rutile-structured catalyst with highly stable water electrolysis capability.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] A highly stable multi-element rutile-structured acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst comprises the following raw materials: 60 ml acetone, 260 mg of catalytically active noble metal precursor RuCl3, 85 mg of catalytically active non-noble metal precursor a TiCl4, 38 mg of catalytically active non-noble metal precursor b MnCl2, and 0.6 g phenanthroline.

[0057] A method for preparing a highly stable multi-component rutile-structured acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst includes the following steps:

[0058] Step 1: Measure 20 ml of acetone solution and pour it into beaker 1. Then weigh 0.6 g of phenanthroline and pour it into beaker 1. Stir well to form a homogeneous solution A.

[0059] Step 2: Measure 20 ml of acetone solution and pour it into beaker 2. Then add 85 mg of TiCl4 dropwise and stir until homogeneous solution B is formed.

[0060] Step 3: Slowly add solution B obtained in step 2 to solution A obtained in step 1 to form mixture 1, and sonicate for 30 minutes.

[0061] Step 4: Weigh 38 mg of MnCl2 and add it to mixture 1, and stir for 10 minutes to form mixture 2.

[0062] Step 5: Weigh 260 mg of RuCl3 and dissolve it in 30 ml of acetone solution, and stir well to form a homogeneous solution C.

[0063] Step 6: Slowly add the mixture 2 obtained in step 4 to the homogeneous solution C obtained in step 5, and sonicate for 30 minutes to form mixture 3.

[0064] Step 7: Load the mixed solution 3 obtained in step 6 into the reaction vessel and hydrothermally heat it at 110°C for 20 hours.

[0065] Step 8: Wash the solid product obtained in step 7 by centrifugation with acetone 4 times, then filter it and dry it at 60°C.

[0066] Step 9: Grind the solid product obtained in Step 8 into fine powder, and then place it in a tube furnace at 900°C for reduction carbonization.

[0067] Step 10: Grind the above product into fine powder and calcine it in a muffle furnace at a low temperature of 300°C for 60 minutes to obtain the RuMnTiOx catalyst.

[0068] PEM electrolysis water performance test: Weigh 100mg of RuMnTiO x A slurry was prepared and used as the anode catalyst. Similarly, 100 mg of Pt / C was weighed and prepared into a slurry and used as the cathode catalyst. The anode catalyst equivalent was 2 mg / cm³. 2 The equivalent of the cathode catalyst is 0.3 mg / cm³. 2 The catalyst prepared above was fabricated into a membrane electrode, and deionized water was passed through the anode and cathode, respectively. A suitable gradient voltage was applied to the electrolyzer.

[0069] AEM electrolysis water performance test: Weigh 100mg of RuMnTiO x A slurry was prepared and used as the anode catalyst. Similarly, 100 mg of Pt / C was weighed and prepared into a slurry and used as the cathode catalyst. The anode catalyst equivalent was 6 mg / cm³. 2 The equivalent of the cathode catalyst is 0.3 mg / cm³. 2 The catalyst prepared above was fabricated into a membrane electrode, and 1 mol of KOH solution was passed through the anode and cathode, respectively. A suitable gradient voltage was applied to the electrolytic cell.

[0070] Example 3

[0071] A highly stable multi-element rutile-structured acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst comprises the following raw materials: 60 ml acetone, 260 mg RuCl3 (catalyst active noble metal precursor), 480 mg SnCl4 (catalyst active non-noble metal precursor a), 85 mg TiCl4 (catalyst active non-noble metal precursor b), and 0.6 g phenanthroline.

[0072] A method for preparing a highly stable multi-component rutile-structured acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst includes the following steps:

[0073] Step 1: Measure 20 ml of acetone solution and pour it into beaker 1. Then weigh 0.6 g of phenanthroline and pour it into beaker 1. Stir well to form a homogeneous solution A.

[0074] Step 2: Measure 20 ml of acetone solution and pour it into beaker 2. Then add 80 mg of SnCl4 dropwise and stir until homogeneous solution B is formed.

[0075] Step 3: Slowly add solution B obtained in step 2 to solution A obtained in step 1 to form mixture 1, and sonicate for 30 minutes.

[0076] Step 4: Weigh 85 mg of TiCl4 and add it to mixture 1, and stir for 10 min to form mixture 2.

[0077] Step 5: Weigh 260 mg of RuCl3 and dissolve it in 30 ml of acetone solution, and stir well to form a homogeneous solution C.

[0078] Step 6: Slowly add the mixture 2 obtained in step 4 to the homogeneous solution C obtained in step 5, and sonicate for 30 minutes to form mixture 3.

[0079] Step 7: Load the mixed solution 3 obtained in step 6 into the reaction vessel and hydrothermally heat it at 110°C for 20 hours.

[0080] Step 8: Wash the solid product obtained in step 7 by centrifugation with acetone 4 times, then filter it and dry it at 60°C.

[0081] Step 9: Grind the solid product obtained in Step 8 into fine powder, and then place it in a tube furnace at 900°C for reduction carbonization.

[0082] Step 10: Grind the above product into a fine powder and calcine it in a muffle furnace at a low temperature of 300°C for 60 minutes to obtain the RuTiSnOx catalyst.

[0083] PEM electrolysis water performance test: Weigh 100mg of RuTiSnO x A slurry was prepared and used as the anode catalyst. Similarly, 100 mg of Pt / C was weighed and prepared into a slurry and used as the cathode catalyst. The anode catalyst equivalent was 2 mg / cm³. 2 The equivalent of the cathode catalyst is 0.3 mg / cm³. 2 The catalyst prepared above was fabricated into a membrane electrode, and deionized water was passed through the anode and cathode, respectively. A suitable gradient voltage was applied to the electrolyzer.

[0084] AEM electrolysis water performance test: Weigh 100mg of RuTiSnO x A slurry was prepared and used as the anode catalyst. Similarly, 100 mg of Pt / C was weighed and prepared into a slurry and used as the cathode catalyst. The anode catalyst equivalent was 6 mg / cm³. 2 The equivalent of the cathode catalyst is 0.3 mg / cm³. 2 The catalyst prepared above was used to fabricate a membrane electrode, and 1 mol of KOH solution was passed through the anode and cathode, respectively. A suitable gradient voltage was applied to the electrolytic cell.

[0085] Example 4

[0086] A highly stable multi-element rutile-structured acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst comprises the following raw materials: 60 ml acetone, 260 mg of catalytically active noble metal precursor RuCl3, 480 mg of catalytically active non-noble metal precursor a SnCl4, 38 mg of catalytically active non-noble metal precursors b TiCl4 and MnCl2, and 0.6 g phenanthroline.

[0087] A method for preparing a highly stable multi-component rutile-structured acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst includes the following steps:

[0088] Step 1: Measure 20 ml of acetone solution and pour it into beaker 1. Then weigh 0.6 g of phenanthroline and pour it into beaker 1. Stir well to form a homogeneous solution A.

[0089] Step 2: Measure 20 ml of acetone solution and pour it into beaker 2. Then add 80 mg of SnCl4 dropwise and stir until homogeneous solution B is formed.

[0090] Step 3: Slowly add solution B obtained in step 2 to solution A obtained in step 1 to form mixture 1, and sonicate for 30 minutes.

[0091] Step 4: Weigh 85 mg of TiCl4 and add it to mixture 1, and stir for 10 min to form mixture 2.

[0092] Step 5: Weigh 38 mg of MnCl2 and add it to mixture 2, and stir for 10 minutes to form mixture 3.

[0093] Step 6: Weigh 260 mg of RuCl3 and dissolve it in 30 ml of acetone solution, and stir well to form a homogeneous solution C.

[0094] Step 7: Slowly add the mixture 3 obtained in step 5 to the homogeneous solution C obtained in step 6, and sonicate for 30 minutes to form the mixture 4.

[0095] Step 8: Load the mixed solution 4 obtained in step 7 into the reaction vessel and hydrothermally heat it at 110°C for 20 hours.

[0096] Step 9: Wash the solid product obtained in step 8 by centrifugation with acetone 4 times, then filter it and dry it at 60°C.

[0097] Step 10: Grind the solid product obtained in step 9 into fine powder, and then place it in a tube furnace at 900°C for reduction carbonization.

[0098] Step 11: Grind the above product into a fine powder and calcine it in a muffle furnace at a low temperature of 300°C for 60 minutes to obtain the RuMnTiSnOx catalyst.

[0099] PEM electrolysis water performance test: Weigh 100mg of RuMnTiSnO x A slurry was prepared and used as the anode catalyst. Similarly, 100 mg of Pt / C was weighed and prepared into a slurry and used as the cathode catalyst. The anode catalyst equivalent was 2 mg / cm³. 2 The equivalent of the cathode catalyst is 0.3 mg / cm³. 2 The catalyst prepared above was fabricated into a membrane electrode, and deionized water was passed through the anode and cathode, respectively. A suitable gradient voltage was applied to the electrolyzer.

[0100] AEM electrolysis water performance test: Weigh 100mg of RuMnTiSnO xA slurry was prepared and used as the anode catalyst. Similarly, 100 mg of Pt / C was weighed and prepared into a slurry and used as the cathode catalyst. The anode catalyst equivalent was 6 mg / cm³. 2 The equivalent of the cathode catalyst is 0.3 mg / cm³. 2 The catalyst prepared above was used to fabricate a membrane electrode, and 1 mol of KOH solution was passed through the anode and cathode, respectively. A suitable gradient voltage was applied to the electrolytic cell.

[0101] The above description is merely an example and illustration of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described, or use similar methods to replace them, as long as they do not deviate from the structure of the present invention or exceed the scope defined in the claims, all of which should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a highly stable multi-component rutile-structured acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Mix the acetone solution with the metal chelating agent until homogeneous to form solution A; (2) Mix the acetone solution with the catalytically active non-precious metal precursor a to form solution B; (3) Slowly add solution B to solution A, and after ultrasonic treatment, form mixture 1; (4) Add one or more catalytically active non-precious metal precursors b to the mixture 1 and stir to form a mixture 2, wherein the catalytically active non-precious metal precursors a and b are different substances in the catalytically active non-precious metal precursors. (5) Dissolve the catalytically active noble metal precursor in acetone solution and stir until homogeneous to form solution C; (6) Add mixture 2 slowly dropwise into solution C, and after ultrasonic treatment, mixture 3 is formed; (7) Load the mixed solution 3 into the reaction vessel and carry out the hydrothermal reaction; (8) The solid product obtained in step (7) is washed by centrifugation with acetone, then filtered and dried. (9) Grind the solid product obtained in step (8) into fine powder and then place it in a tube furnace for reduction and carbonization; (10) The product obtained in step (9) is ground into fine powder and calcined at low temperature to obtain the multi-element high-stability rutile structure acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst.

2. The method for preparing a highly stable multi-component rutile-structured acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In steps (3) and (6), the ultrasonic time is 30 to 60 minutes; in step (4), the stirring time is 10 to 30 minutes.

3. The method for preparing a highly stable multi-component rutile-structured acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (7), the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 110-180°C, and the time of the hydrothermal reaction is 15-24 hours.

4. The method for preparing a highly stable multi-component rutile-structured acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (8), the drying temperature is 40-80°C.

5. The method for preparing a highly stable multi-component rutile-structured acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (9), the temperature of the tubular furnace is 850-900℃.

6. The method for preparing a highly stable multi-component rutile-structured acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (10), the calcination temperature is 200-300℃ and the calcination time is 30-60min.

7. A highly stable multi-component rutile-structured acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, It comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1-25 parts of catalytically active non-precious metal precursor, 0.1-50 parts of catalytically active precious metal precursor, 1-200 parts of acetone solution, and 1-200 parts of metal chelating agent.

8. The highly stable multi-component rutile-structured acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst according to claim 7, characterized in that: The catalytically active non-noble metal precursors are multiples of SnCl4, MnCl2, GeCl4, VCl3, WCl3, and TiCl4.

9. The highly stable multi-component rutile-structured acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst according to claim 7, characterized in that: The catalytically active noble metal precursor is RuCl3 or H2IrCl6.

10. The highly stable multi-component rutile-structured acid / base amphoteric water electrolysis catalyst according to claim 7, characterized in that: The metal chelating agent is one of phenanthroline, xanthate esters, dithiocarbamate derivatives, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, diethylenetriammonium pentaacetic acid, citric acid, and hexamethylenetetrammonium.

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