Automatic opening and closing formwork for porous concrete construction and using method of automatic opening and closing formwork

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic opening and closing formwork for porous concrete construction and a using method thereof.The automatic opening and closing formwork comprises an outer face plate and a supporting structure, the outer face plate comprises a plurality of steel face plates and rubber gaskets, and the supporting structure comprises a plurality of hydraulic rod pieces connected to hanging rods, supporting frames and pulling and pressing pieces; the gaps between the adjacent steel panels are covered with the rubber gaskets, the steel panels are supported through the supporting frames and the tension-compression pieces, and the rubber gaskets are supported through the hydraulic rod pieces on the inner side of the circular hole formwork, so that the complete and sealed circular hole formwork is formed in the circumferential direction, and the concrete pouring quality is guaranteed; the supporting and connecting direction of the supporting frame to the steel panels is inclined downwards towards the radial outer side, so that when the automatic opening and closing formwork is lowered, the steel panels are expanded outwards to form a cylindrical tube shape by means of self weight, when the lifting rod is lifted, the supporting frame drives the steel panels to retract inwards, friction force between the steel panels and concrete is reduced, rapid turnover of the formwork is facilitated, and the construction efficiency is improved. And an existing welding process of formwork lap joint is replaced, and the construction efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ship lock construction, and more specifically, to an automatic opening and closing template for porous concrete construction and a method for using the template. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of ship lock construction, large-volume concrete structures continue to emerge. The use of low-slump concrete or the installation of cooling water pipes are the main measures to reduce hydration heat in ship lock construction. Porous concrete not only meets the structural force requirements, but also reduces the amount of concrete, reduces the occurrence of cracks, and reduces construction costs.

[0003] In the construction process of porous concrete panels, steel integral panels are often used. After the concrete is poured, it is difficult to pull out due to the large friction between the panel and the concrete side. The use of capsule formwork results in poor concrete surface quality and cannot meet the concrete pouring quality requirements. How to ensure smooth turnover and improve construction efficiency during the construction of porous concrete panels requires in-depth research, and the concrete formwork must also adapt to the construction requirements of different depths. The existing porous concrete formwork structure cannot meet the above requirements. Summary of the invention

[0004] An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages which will be described hereinafter.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide an automatic opening and closing formwork for porous concrete construction and a method of using the same, so as to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the porous concrete formwork is difficult to ensure the quality of the concrete surface at the opening and closing joints.

[0006] In order to achieve these purposes and other advantages according to the present invention, on the one hand, the present invention provides an automatic opening and closing formwork for porous concrete construction, comprising: The outer panel comprises a plurality of arc-shaped steel panels symmetrically arranged along the circumferential direction, gaps are left between adjacent steel panels and support springs are connected between the gaps, grooves are opened along the axial direction on the outer sides of the steel panels close to the gaps, a pair of grooves are embedded and covered with rubber gaskets fixed therein, and the rubber gaskets are of the same length as the steel panels, and in the circumferential direction, all the steel panels and the rubber gaskets together form a closed and complete circular hole template; The supporting structure includes a hanger rod, which is arranged at the center of the circular hole template. The bottom of the hanger rod is flush with the bottom of the circular hole template. A plurality of hydraulic rods, a plurality of support frames, and a plurality of tension and compression members are arranged on the hanger rod at vertical intervals. The hanger rod is connected to the rubber gasket through a hydraulic rod. The hydraulic rod can be extended and retracted along the length direction to support the rubber gasket. The hanger rod and the steel panel are hinged through the support frame, and the connection direction of the support frame between the hanger rod and the steel panel is inclined upward toward the hanger rod. A tension and compression member is correspondingly arranged under each support frame. The inner side of the tension and compression member is sleeved on the hanger rod, and the outer side is slidably connected to the lower side of the support frame to provide an upward counter pressure to the support frame.

[0007] Preferably, there are card holes at vertical intervals on the upper side of the boom, and the support frame includes a fixing ring, a support rod and a support plate, the fixing ring is clamped on the boom through the card hole, the support rod, the support plate and the steel panel are arranged one by one, the support plate is fixed to the inner side of the steel panel, the support rod is inclined in the radial direction and the lower end is hinged with the corresponding support plate and the upper end is hinged with the fixing ring, and a sliding groove is opened on the lower side of the support rod along the length direction. The tension and compression member includes a support ring and a tension and compression rod, the tension and compression member is clamped on the boom through the support ring, the support ring is hinged to a tension and compression rod respectively toward the support rod, the outer end of the tension and compression rod is slidably connected in the corresponding sliding groove, and the support rod provides an upward supporting force to the support rod through the tension and compression rod. The hydraulic rod member includes a mounting ring and a hydraulic rod that can be telescopic along the length direction, the mounting ring is clamped on the boom through the card hole, and a hydraulic rod is respectively arranged on the mounting ring toward each of the rubber gaskets, and the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod extends into the gap and abuts against the rubber gasket.

[0008] Preferably, a plurality of pairs of comb-tooth columns are vertically spaced apart on the inner side of the rubber gasket, and each pair of comb-tooth columns are transversely arranged for respectively abutting against one side of the adjacent steel panel located at the gap, and a T-shaped support block is provided at the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod, wherein the smaller end of the support block is embedded between two pairs of vertically adjacent comb-tooth columns, and the larger end abuts against the inner side of the steel panel.

[0009] Preferably, the steel panel is provided with protruding nails at intervals in the vertical direction on one side facing the gap, and both ends of each of the supporting springs are respectively sleeved and fixed on a pair of protruding nails located in the same transverse direction in the gap.

[0010] Preferably, a ventilation pipe is vertically arranged between the circular hole template and the supporting structure, and a support rod ring is vertically connected to the inner side of one of the steel panels at intervals, and the ventilation pipe is inserted into and connected to the support rod ring.

[0011] Preferably, a plug-in structure is provided between the upper and lower adjacent suspension rods, and an automatic bite device is provided between the upper and lower adjacent steel panels, the automatic bite device comprising an upper latch provided at the inner bottom of the upper steel panel and a pair of vertically extending baffles provided at the inner top of the lower steel panel, the lower end of the upper latch extends between the pair of baffles and is slidably connected to the opposite sides of the pair of baffles, a pair of pressing ears are symmetrically hinged on both sides of the upper end of the upper latch, and a pressing hole is provided at the lower end of the upper latch along the connection direction of the pair of baffles. A crimping spring is axially arranged in the pressing hole, and both ends of the crimping spring are respectively connected to a stop head. When the crimping spring is in a free state, the outer end of the stop head extends out of the pressing hole, the pressing ear is arranged perpendicular to the corresponding steel panel and the length of the pressing ear covers the position of the stop head, and the outer end of the pressing ear is arranged toward the side of the steel panel in an arc structure, which can rotate around the hinge point when the baffle is pushed upward. A pair of baffles are provided with locking holes corresponding to the stop heads, and the locking holes are used to accommodate the stop heads in the crimping spring to restore the deformation state when the upper and lower adjacent steel panels abut.

[0012] Preferably, in the radial direction toward the suspension rod, a limit plate for limiting the radial position of the upper pin is connected and covered between the upper ends of each pair of baffles, and the baffle is arranged as an opening structure on the corresponding side of the lock hole, and the corresponding side of the stop head is arranged as a bevel surface inclined toward the suspension rod and toward the crimping spring; a group of hydraulic rod members is arranged at a height corresponding to the automatic biting device, and the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod member is connected to a C-shaped pressing piece radially outwardly along the suspension rod, and the two ends of the C-shaped pressing piece are arranged toward a pair of opening structures, and the stop head can be completely pressed between the corresponding pair of baffles when it is extended and moves to abut against the steel panel.

[0013] Preferably, a remote control terminal is further included, and the driving end of each hydraulic rod is respectively connected to the remote control terminal, so that the extension and retraction of each hydraulic rod can be independently operated through the remote control terminal.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for using an automatic opening and closing formwork for porous concrete construction, comprising the following steps: S1, assembling the outer panel and the supporting structure in groups, firstly, the hydraulic rod, the tension and compression member and the supporting frame connected with the steel panel are fixedly sleeved on the suspension rod in sequence, under the action of deadweight and the limited traction of the supporting frame, a plurality of the steel panels are evenly distributed along the circumference, and the rubber gasket is fixedly installed on each of the gaps and a pair of the grooves, and the hydraulic rod is driven to extend and abut against the rubber gasket to form a group of automatic opening and closing templates, and multiple groups are assembled repeatedly; S2. Fix a set of automatic opening and closing templates at the required positions on the concrete bottom reinforcement respectively, and stack the automatic opening and closing templates vertically according to the height of the concrete holes until the automatic opening and closing templates of all holes are installed and arranged; S3. After pouring the concrete, retract the support of the hydraulic rod on the rubber gasket, lift the suspension rod upward, reduce the friction between the steel panel and the concrete, and automatically open and close the formwork in a turnover manner.

[0015] The present invention at least includes the following beneficial effects: the automatic opening and closing formwork for porous concrete construction of the present invention includes an outer panel and a supporting structure, the outer panel includes multiple steel panels and rubber gaskets, the supporting structure includes multiple hydraulic rods, support frames, and tension and compression parts connected to the hanger, gaps are left between adjacent steel panels, and rubber gaskets are covered in the gaps. On the inner side of the circular hole formwork, the steel panel is supported by the support frame and the tension and compression parts, and the hydraulic rod supports the rubber gasket, thereby forming a completely sealed circular hole formwork on the outer side in the circumferential direction to ensure the quality of concrete pouring. The supporting connection direction of the support frame to the steel panel is inclined downward toward the radial outside, so that when the automatic opening and closing formwork is lowered, the multiple steel panels rely on their own weight to open outward to form a cylindrical tube shape, and when the hanger is lifted, the support frame drives the steel panel to retract, reducing the friction between the panel and the concrete, which is conducive to the rapid turnover of the formwork, replacing the welding process required for the overlap of the formwork at the hole position in the traditional porous concrete construction process, and significantly improving the construction efficiency.

[0016] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be embodied in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the automatic opening and closing formwork for porous concrete construction of the present invention; Figure 2 It is an axial cross-sectional structural diagram of the automatic opening and closing formwork for porous concrete construction of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the support structure of the present invention; Figure 4 A top view of the structure of the automatic opening and closing formwork for porous concrete construction according to the present invention; Figure 5 It is a top view of the structure of the steel panel of the present invention at the gap; Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the rubber gasket of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the tension and compression member of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the automatic biting device of the present invention in the state before biting in the axial direction of the suspension rod; Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the automatic biting device of the present invention in a biting state in the axial direction of the suspension rod; Fig.10 It is a top view of the structure of the C-shaped pressing piece of the present invention; Figure numerals in the specification: 1. steel panel, 2. gap, 3. groove, 4. support spring, 5. rubber gasket, 6. hanger, 7. hydraulic rod, 8. support frame, 9. tension and compression member, 10. clamping hole, 11. fixing ring, 12. support rod, 13. support plate, 14. slide groove, 15. support ring, 16. tension and compression rod, 17. sliding rod, 18. mounting ring, 19. hydraulic rod, 20. comb column, 21. support block, 22. convex nail, 23. upper pin, 24. baffle, 25. pressing ear, 26. crimping spring, 27. stop head, 28. lock hole, 29. limit plate, 30. miter surface, 31. C-shaped pressing member, 32. ventilation pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0019] It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials are commercially available unless otherwise specified; in the description of the present invention, the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0020] like Figure 1-6 As shown, the present invention provides an automatic opening and closing formwork for porous concrete construction, comprising: The outer panel comprises a plurality of arc-shaped steel panels 1 symmetrically arranged along the circumferential direction, gaps 2 are left between adjacent steel panels 1 and support springs 4 are connected between the gaps 2, grooves 3 are axially opened on the outer sides of the steel panels 1 near the gaps 2, a pair of grooves 3 are embedded and covered with rubber gaskets 5 fixed therein, and the rubber gaskets 5 are of the same length as the steel panels 1, and in the circumferential direction, all the steel panels 1 and the rubber gaskets 5 together form a closed and complete circular hole template; The supporting structure includes a hanger 6, which is arranged at the center of the circular hole template. The bottom of the hanger 6 is flush with the bottom of the circular hole template. A plurality of hydraulic rods 19 pieces 7, a plurality of support frames 8, and a plurality of tension and compression members 9 are arranged on the hanger 6 at vertical intervals. The hanger 6 is connected to the rubber gasket 5 through the hydraulic rod 19 pieces 7. The hydraulic rod 19 pieces 7 can be extended and retracted along the length direction to support the rubber gasket 5. The hanger 6 and the steel panel 1 are hinged through the support frame 8, and the support frame 8 is inclined upward toward the hanger 6 in the connection direction between the hanger 6 and the steel panel 1. A tension and compression member 9 is correspondingly arranged under each support frame 8. The inner side of the tension and compression member 9 is sleeved on the hanger 6, and the outer side is slidably connected to the lower side of the support frame 8 to provide an upward counter pressure to the support frame 8.

[0021] For the convenience of explanation, the side of each structure facing the hanger 6 is set as the inner side, and the corresponding side away from the hanger 6 is set as the outer side. The generally arc-shaped steel panel 1 is divided into four parts, and a gap 2 is set between adjacent steel panels 1. The width of the gap 2 should not be too large. The steel panels 1 are circumferentially connected at the gap 2 with a support spring 4, and a groove 3 is provided at the outer edge of the corresponding gap 2. A rubber gasket 5 is filled in a pair of grooves 3 and the gap 2 to seal the gap 2. The outer side constitutes a complete and smooth circular hole template, and the rubber gasket 5 has a certain deformation ability, which can adapt to the force between the steel panels 1 during installation and pouring of concrete. When pouring concrete, the rubber gasket 5 is squeezed in the radial direction toward the inner side of the template. The support spring 4 plays a role in stabilizing the connection of the steel panel 1 on the one hand, and is arranged on the inner side of the rubber gasket 5 on the other hand, providing inner support to the rubber gasket 5 to a certain extent, and adapting to the steel panel together with the rubber gasket 5. 1 is subjected to extrusion force, and the outer panel is supported by the hanger 6 at the center of the circle on the inner side of the circular hole template, and the hydraulic rod 19 pieces 7, the support frame 8, and the tension and compression parts 9 installed on the hanger 6. Among them, the hydraulic rod 19 pieces 7 are arranged corresponding to the rubber gasket 5, and the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod 19 pieces 7 abuts against the inner side of the rubber gasket 5 at the gap 2 to better maintain the shape of the rubber gasket 5 and prevent it from shrinking. The support frame 8 mainly supports the steel panel 1 relative to the hanger 6, and the supporting connection direction of the steel panel 1 is inclined downward toward the radial outside, so that when the automatic opening and closing template is lowered, under the action of its own weight, the steel panel 1 is stretched outward to form a cylindrical tube, and when the hanger 6 is lifted, the steel panel 1 can be driven to shrink, thereby reducing the friction between the panel and the concrete, realizing the rapid turnover of the concrete panel, while ensuring the quality of concrete pouring, replacing the welding process required for the template overlap at the hole position in the traditional porous concrete construction process, and significantly improving the construction efficiency.

[0022] In another technical solution, Figure 1-5As shown in , 7, the suspension rod 6 is provided with clamping holes 10 at vertical intervals, the support frame 8 includes a fixing ring 11, a support rod 12 and a support plate 13, the fixing ring 11 is clamped on the suspension rod 6 through the clamping hole 10, the support rod 12, the support plate 13 are arranged one by one with the steel panel 1, the support plate 13 is fixed to the inner side of the steel panel 1, the support rod 12 is inclined in the radial direction and the lower end is hinged to the corresponding support plate 13, and the upper end is hinged to the fixing ring 11, the lower side of the support rod 12 is provided with a slide groove 14 along the length direction, the tension and compression member 9 includes a support ring 15 and a tension and compression rod 16, the tension and compression member 9 is clamped on the suspension rod 6 through a support ring 15, and the support ring 15 is hinged with a tension rod 16 toward the support rod 12. The outer end of the tension rod 16 is slidably connected in the corresponding slide groove 14, and the tension rod 16 provides an upward supporting force to the support rod 12. The hydraulic rod 19 piece 7 includes a mounting ring 18 and a hydraulic rod 19 that can be telescopic along the length direction. The mounting ring 18 is clamped on the suspension rod 6 through the clamping hole 10. The mounting ring 18 is respectively provided with a hydraulic rod 19 toward each of the rubber gaskets 5, and the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod 19 extends into the gap 2 and abuts against the rubber gasket 5.

[0023] Holes are evenly opened on the suspension rod 6 to form a flute-like structure. The support frame 8, the tension and compression member 9, and the hydraulic rod 19 piece 7 can be quickly positioned, installed, and disassembled by using the clamping hole 10. The support frame 8 is clamped on the suspension rod 6 through a fixing ring 11. A support plate 13 is connected to the inner side of the steel panel 1 along the circumferential direction to facilitate hinge connection with the support rod 12, so as to facilitate the retraction of the steel panel 1 through the support rod 12. The tension and compression member 9 is clamped on the suspension rod 6 through a supporting ring 15. The hydraulic rod 19 piece 7 is clamped on the suspension rod 6 through a mounting ring 18. A sliding rod 17 is provided at the outer end of the tension and compression rod 16, and the sliding rod 17 is arranged in the slide groove 1 4, the tension and compression members 9 are connected with the support frame 8 to form a support system for the steel panel 1. Under the sliding action of the inclined support rods 12 and the tension and compression rods 16 and the slide grooves 14, the support rods 12 and the tension and compression rods 16 can be opened in combination with the deadweight of the steel panel 1 to form a round tube. When the suspension rod 6 is pulled upward, the top of the suspension rod 6 moves upward, and the lower end of the support rod 12 moves toward the inner side of the suspension rod 6, reducing the friction between the steel panel 1 and the concrete on the outside. At the same time, due to the non-vertical setting and the telescopic ability of the hydraulic rod 19 7, the support structure can adapt to the installation requirements of circular hole templates with different diameters.

[0024] In another technical solution, Figure 3-6As shown, a plurality of pairs of comb-tooth columns 20 are arranged at intervals along the vertical direction on the inner side of the rubber gasket 5, and each pair of comb-tooth columns 20 are arranged along the horizontal direction for respectively abutting against one side of the adjacent steel panel 1 located at the gap 2, and a T-shaped support block 21 is arranged at the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod 19, and the smaller end of the support block 21 is embedded between two pairs of vertically adjacent comb-tooth columns 20, and the larger end abuts against the inner side of the steel panel 1.

[0025] The comb column 20 fits tightly with the steel panel 1 at the gap 2, which improves the toughness and deformation resistance of the rubber gasket 5 itself, and can also serve as a supporting structure for the support block 21. The rubber gasket 5 can be replaced if it is damaged.

[0026] In another technical solution, Figure 5 As shown, the steel panel 1 is provided with protruding nails 22 at vertical intervals on one side facing the gap 2 to facilitate the installation of the support spring 4. The two ends of each support spring 4 are respectively mounted and fixed on a pair of protruding nails 22 located in the same horizontal direction in the gap 2, and are connected by the support spring 4 to form an integral structure.

[0027] In another technical solution, Figure 1 , 4 As shown, a ventilation pipe 32 is vertically arranged between the circular hole template and the supporting structure, and a support rod ring is vertically spaced and connected to the inner side of one of the steel panels 1, and the ventilation pipe 32 is inserted into the support rod ring. The ventilation pipe 32 is arranged to ensure that the interior of the automatic opening and closing template is dry, and the ventilation pipe 32 is conveniently guided and fixed by the support rod ring.

[0028] In another technical solution, Figure 8-9As shown, a plug-in structure is provided between the upper and lower adjacent suspension rods 6, and an automatic bite device is also provided between the upper and lower adjacent steel panels 1. The automatic bite device includes an upper latch 23 provided at the inner bottom of the upper steel panel 1 and a pair of vertically extending baffles 24 provided at the inner top of the lower steel panel 1. The lower end of the upper latch 23 extends between the pair of baffles 24 and is slidably connected to the opposite sides of the pair of baffles 24. The width of the upper latch 23 is provided in coordination with the interval between the pair of baffles 24. A pair of pressing ears 25 are symmetrically hinged on both sides of the upper end of the upper latch 23. The lower end of the upper latch 23 is provided with a pair of baffles 24 along the connection direction of the pair of baffles 24. There is a pressing hole, in which a pressing spring 26 is axially arranged, and both ends of the pressing spring 26 are respectively connected to a stopper 27. When the pressing spring 26 is in a free state, the outer end of the stopper 27 extends out of the pressing hole, and the pressing ear 25 is arranged perpendicular to the corresponding steel panel 1 and the length of the pressing ear 25 covers the position of the stopper 27. The outer end of the pressing ear 25 is arranged in an arc structure toward the side of the steel panel 1, which can rotate around the hinge point when the baffle plate 24 is pushed upward. A locking hole 28 is opened through the corresponding stopper 27 on a pair of baffle plates 24, and the locking hole 28 is used to accommodate the stopper 27 in the deformation state restored by the pressing spring 26 when the upper and lower adjacent steel panels 1 abut.

[0029] The upper latch 23 extends downward beyond the connected steel panel 1 by a certain length, and the vertical length of the pressure hole and the stop head 27 from the corresponding lower edge of the steel panel 1 is the same as the length of the upper edge of the steel panel 1 from the lock hole 28 on the baffle 24. The upper and lower suspension rods 6 are basically aligned through the plug-in structure. When the upper steel panel 1 gradually falls on the lower steel panel 1, the extended splicing and rapid alignment installation of the vertical steel panel 1 are realized through the automatic biting device provided. When the steel panels 1 are vertically spliced, first a pair of pressing ears 25 are located in a downward direction to press the stop heads 27 on both sides, so that the upper latch 23 can smoothly enter between the pair of baffles 24, and the upper latch 23 is circumferentially blocked by a pair of stop heads. The plate 24 is limited, and as the upper pin 23 moves downward, the pressing ear 25 rotates upward, and the stop head 27 is pressed by a pair of baffles 24 until the stop head 27 enters the lock hole 28 on the corresponding side under the action of the crimping spring 26 to restore the deformation, thereby realizing vertical limitation. At this time, the steel panel 1 on the upper side is completely in contact with the steel panel 1 on the lower side, and the steel panels 1 on each side are respectively installed and positioned through the automatic biting devices at the corresponding positions, completing the continuation of the automatic opening and closing template in the vertical direction. Different from the direct vertical welding of the template with fixed size, the automatic opening and closing template of this embodiment has both flexibility in size change and installation adaptability, and is convenient for installation and removal according to the required template height.

[0030] In another technical solution, Figure 8-10As shown, in the radial direction toward the suspension rod 6, a limit plate 29 for limiting the radial direction of the upper pin 23 is connected and covered between the upper ends of each pair of the baffles 24, and the baffles 24 are arranged as an open structure on the corresponding side of the lock hole 28, and the corresponding side of the stop head 27 is arranged as a bevel surface 30 inclined toward the suspension rod 6 and toward the crimping spring 26; a group of the hydraulic rod 19 pieces 7 is arranged corresponding to the height of the automatic biting device, and the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod 19 pieces 7 is connected to a C-shaped pressing piece 31 radially outwardly of the suspension rod 6, and the two ends of the C-shaped pressing piece 31 are arranged toward a pair of opening structures, and when the stop head 27 is extended and moves to abut against the steel panel 1, it can completely press the stop head 27 between the corresponding pair of baffles 24.

[0031] A group of hydraulic rods 19 pieces 7 are set corresponding to the automatic biting device on the same height range, a hydraulic rod 19 is matched with an upper latch pin 23, and a limit plate 29 is set on the outer side of a pair of baffles 24 to guide and limit the upper latch pin 23 in the radial direction when it moves downward. After the baffle head 27 enters the lock hole 28 with an opening structure, the upper latch pin 23, that is, the corresponding steel panel 1, is limited in the circumferential direction. A C-shaped pressing piece 31 is set at the outer end of the hydraulic rod 19 for the later dismantling work of the automatic biting device. When the steel panel 1 is not disassembled, the lower end of the C-shaped pressing piece 31 is placed on the edge of the baffle plate 24 at the opening of the lock hole 28, which can be As needed, a shelf platform is set at the lower end of the baffle 24 corresponding to the hydraulic rod 19 piece 7 to better support the extension and retraction of the hydraulic rod 19; when the upper and lower steel panels 1 need to be removed, the hydraulic rod 19 piece 7 is started to extend, and the two ends of the C-shaped pressure piece 31 respectively squeeze the stop head 27 on the corresponding side, and under the action of the bevel surface 30, the stop head 27 is continuously pushed to squeeze the crimping spring 26 until it completely enters between the pair of baffles 24, and then the lifting rod 6 is lifted, the upper pin 23 is moved upward, and the stop head 27 is limitedly moved upward between the pair of baffles 24 until it is separated from the pair of baffles 24, thereby realizing the separation and removal of the upper and lower steel panels 1, and the next stage of turnover can be continued to use.

[0032] In another technical solution, Figure 2-4 As shown, a remote control terminal is also included. The driving end of each hydraulic rod 19 piece 7 is respectively connected to the remote control terminal. The extension and retraction of each hydraulic rod 19 piece 7 is independently operated through the remote control terminal, so that the automatic opening and closing formwork has remote operation capability, thereby improving construction safety.

[0033] The present invention also provides a method for using an automatic opening and closing formwork for porous concrete construction, Figure 1-10 As shown, the following steps are included: S1. Assemble the outer panels and the supporting structure in groups. First, the hydraulic rods 19 pieces 7, the tension and compression pieces 9 and the support frame 8 connected with the steel panels 1 are fixedly sleeved on the suspension rod 6 in sequence. Under the action of deadweight and the limited traction of the support frame 8, the multiple steel panels 1 are evenly distributed along the circumference. The rubber gaskets 5 are fixedly installed on each of the gaps 2 and a pair of the grooves 3. The hydraulic rods 19 pieces 7 are driven to extend and abut against the rubber gaskets 5 to form a set of automatic opening and closing templates. Repeat the assembly of multiple sets. S2. Fix a set of automatic opening and closing templates at the required positions on the concrete bottom reinforcement respectively, and stack the automatic opening and closing templates vertically according to the height of the concrete holes until the automatic opening and closing templates of all holes are installed and arranged; S3. After pouring the concrete, retract the support of the hydraulic rod 19 7 on the rubber gasket 5, lift the suspension rod 6 upward, reduce the friction between the steel panel 1 and the concrete, and automatically open and close the formwork in a turnover manner.

[0034] Use external equipment to lift and install the automatic opening and closing formwork. After assembly, the lowest layer of the hanger 6 and the outer panel are connected and fixed to the steel bar panel of the concrete. The automatic opening and closing formwork is assembled in advance according to the hole size of the porous concrete. The required number of stacking groups of the automatic opening and closing formwork is determined according to the height of the hole. When installing the automatic opening and closing formwork, the self-weight of the steel panel 1 is used to prop it up to form a circular tubular formwork. During turnover, the hanger 6 can be lifted to reduce the friction between the steel panel 1 and the concrete, and the hydraulic rod 19 piece 7 is retracted to achieve rapid turnover of the automatic opening and closing formwork.

[0035] In terms of usage method, it also includes the engagement of an automatic engagement device. Specifically, when vertically splicing the steel panels 1, first a pair of pressing ears 25 press down the stop heads 27 on both sides, the upper latch 23 moves down and enters between a pair of baffles 24, the pressing ears 25 rotate upward, and the stop heads 27 are pressed by a pair of baffles 24 until the stop heads 27 enter the lock holes 28 on the corresponding sides respectively under the action of the crimping spring 26 to restore the deformation. At this time, the upper steel panel 1 completely abuts against the lower steel panel 1, completing the vertical continuation of the automatic opening and closing template.

[0036] It also includes the disengagement of the automatic engagement device, specifically, the hydraulic rod 19 piece 7 at the corresponding height position is started to extend, and the two ends of the C-shaped pressure piece 31 respectively squeeze the stop head 27 on the corresponding side, and under the action of the bevel surface 30, the stop head 27 is continuously pushed to squeeze the crimping spring 26 until it is completely located between the pair of baffles 24, and then the lifting rod 6 is lifted, the upper pin 23 moves up, the stop head 27 enters between the pair of baffles 24, and the upper pin 23 continues to move up until it is separated from the pair of baffles 24, thereby realizing the separation and removal of the upper and lower steel panels 1.

[0037] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and the implementation modes, and they can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and the illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. An automatic opening and closing formwork for porous concrete construction, characterized in that: include: The outer panel comprises a plurality of arc-shaped steel panels symmetrically arranged along the circumferential direction, gaps are left between adjacent steel panels and support springs are connected between the gaps, grooves are opened along the axial direction on the outer sides of the steel panels close to the gaps, a pair of grooves are embedded and covered with rubber gaskets fixed therein, and the rubber gaskets are of the same length as the steel panels, and in the circumferential direction, all the steel panels and the rubber gaskets together form a closed and complete circular hole template; The supporting structure includes a hanger rod, which is arranged at the center of the circular hole template. The bottom of the hanger rod is flush with the bottom of the circular hole template. A plurality of hydraulic rods, a plurality of support frames, and a plurality of tension and compression members are arranged on the hanger rod at vertical intervals. The hanger rod is connected to the rubber gasket through a hydraulic rod. The hydraulic rod can be extended and retracted along the length direction to support the rubber gasket. The hanger rod and the steel panel are hinged through the support frame, and the connection direction of the support frame between the hanger rod and the steel panel is inclined upward toward the hanger rod. A tension and compression member is correspondingly arranged under each support frame. The inner side of the tension and compression member is sleeved on the hanger rod, and the outer side is slidably connected to the lower side of the support frame to provide an upward counter pressure to the support frame.

2. The automatic opening and closing formwork for porous concrete construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support frame includes a fixing ring, a fixing rod and a fixing plate, the fixing ring is fixed to the support frame through the fixing hole, the fixing ring is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the steel panel, the supporting plate is fixed to the inner side of the steel panel, the supporting rod is inclined in the radial direction and the lower end is hinged with the corresponding supporting plate and the upper end is hinged with the fixing ring, and a sliding groove is opened on the lower side of the supporting rod along the length direction. The tension and compression member includes a supporting ring and a tension and compression rod, the tension and compression member is clamped on the support frame through the supporting ring, the supporting ring is hinged to a tension and compression rod respectively toward the support rod, the outer end of the tension and compression rod is slidably connected in the corresponding sliding groove, and the support rod provides an upward supporting force to the support rod through the tension and compression rod. The hydraulic rod member includes a mounting ring and a hydraulic rod that can be telescopic along the length direction, the mounting ring is clamped on the support frame through the fixing hole, and a hydraulic rod is respectively arranged on the mounting ring toward each of the rubber gaskets, and the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod extends into the gap and abuts against the rubber gasket.

3. The automatic opening and closing formwork for porous concrete construction according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of pairs of comb tooth columns are arranged at vertical intervals on the inner side of the rubber gasket, and each pair of comb tooth columns is arranged horizontally for respectively abutting against one side of the adjacent steel panel located at the gap. A T-shaped support block is arranged at the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod, and the smaller end of the support block is embedded between two pairs of vertically adjacent comb tooth columns, and the larger end abuts against the inner side of the steel panel.

4. The automatic opening and closing formwork for porous concrete construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel panel is provided with protruding nails at intervals in the vertical direction on one side facing the gap, and the two ends of each supporting spring are respectively sleeved and fixed on a pair of protruding nails located in the same transverse direction in the gap.

5. The automatic opening and closing formwork for porous concrete construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: A ventilation pipe is vertically arranged between the circular hole template and the supporting structure, and a support rod ring is vertically spaced and connected to the inner side of one of the steel panels, and the ventilation pipe is inserted into and connected to the support rod ring.

6. The automatic opening and closing formwork for porous concrete construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plug-in structure is provided between the upper and lower adjacent hangers, and an automatic bite device is also provided between the upper and lower adjacent steel panels, the automatic bite device comprising an upper latch arranged at the inner bottom of the upper steel panel and a pair of vertically extending baffles arranged at the inner top of the lower steel panel, the lower end of the upper latch extends into the pair of baffles and is slidably connected to the opposite sides of the pair of baffles, the upper end of the upper latch is symmetrically hinged at both sides of the upper end of the upper latch, and the lower end of the upper latch is provided with a pressing hole along the connection direction of the pair of baffles, a pressing spring is axially provided in the pressing hole, and the two ends of the pressing spring are respectively connected with a stopper, and the pressing spring is in a free state, and the outer end of the stopper extends out of the pressing hole, the pressing ear is arranged perpendicular to the corresponding steel panel and the length of the pressing ear covers the position of the stopper, and the outer end of the pressing ear is arranged toward one side of the steel panel as an arc structure, which can rotate around the hinge point when the baffle is pushed upward, and a locking hole is provided through the corresponding stopper on the pair of baffles, and the locking hole is used to accommodate the stopper in the deformation state of the pressing spring when the upper and lower adjacent steel panels abut.

7. The automatic opening and closing formwork for porous concrete construction according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the radial direction toward the suspension rod, a limit plate for limiting the radial position of the upper pin is connected and covered between the upper ends of each pair of baffles, and the baffle is arranged as an open structure on the corresponding side of the lock hole, and the corresponding side of the stop head is arranged as a bevel surface inclined toward the suspension rod and toward the crimping spring; a group of hydraulic rod members is arranged at a height corresponding to the automatic biting device, and a telescopic end of the hydraulic rod member is connected to a C-shaped pressing piece radially outwardly along the suspension rod, and both ends of the C-shaped pressing piece are arranged toward a pair of opening structures, and when the stop head is extended and moves to abut against the steel panel, it can completely press the stop head between the corresponding pair of baffles.

8. The automatic opening and closing formwork for porous concrete construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a remote control terminal, and the driving end of each hydraulic rod is respectively connected to the remote control terminal, and the extension and retraction of each hydraulic rod is independently operated through the remote control terminal.

9. The method for using the automatic opening and closing formwork for porous concrete construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, assembling the outer panel and the supporting structure in groups, firstly, the hydraulic rod, the tension and compression member and the supporting frame connected with the steel panel are fixedly sleeved on the suspension rod in sequence, under the action of deadweight and the limited traction of the supporting frame, a plurality of the steel panels are evenly distributed along the circumference, and the rubber gasket is fixedly installed on each of the gaps and a pair of the grooves, and the hydraulic rod is driven to extend and abut against the rubber gasket to form a group of automatic opening and closing templates, and multiple groups are assembled repeatedly; S2. Fix a set of automatic opening and closing templates at the required positions on the concrete bottom reinforcement respectively, and stack the automatic opening and closing templates vertically according to the height of the concrete holes until the automatic opening and closing templates of all holes are installed and arranged; S3. After pouring the concrete, retract the support of the hydraulic rod on the rubber gasket, lift the suspension rod upward, reduce the friction between the steel panel and the concrete, and automatically open and close the formwork in a turnover manner.

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