C / Ku dual-frequency co-boresight phased array scanning antenna

Abstract

The application discloses a C / Ku dual-frequency common-aperture phased array scanning antenna and relates to the technical field of scanning antennas, which comprises a Ku-band patch and a C-band antenna oscillator, wherein the Ku-band patch and the C-band antenna oscillator are both arranged in a square array on a perforated printed board; all the C-band antenna oscillators are arranged in the same direction and are perpendicular to the polarization direction of the Ku-band microstrip patch; the Ku-band patch and the C-band antenna oscillator both adopt a coaxial feeding mode, and the Ku-band patch adopts a coupling slot mode to radiate the patch; in the polarization direction of the strip line of the Ku-band microstrip patch, two adjacent C-band antenna oscillators in each row and each column of the C-band antenna are provided with a non-energized dummy C oscillator. The Ku-band microstrip patch and the C-band oscillator antenna are reasonably arranged in the same space range, and the dummy encryption decoupling technology is used, so that the above-mentioned dual-frequency and different physical form antenna array surfaces are integrated, and the coupling effect is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of scanning antenna, more particularly to the technical field of C / Ku dual-frequency co-aperture phased array scanning antenna. BACKGROUND

[0002] Traditional mechanical scanning passive radar scanning antenna has the disadvantages of single working frequency, large space occupation, low scanning sensitivity, and the need for mechanical structure support, and is being gradually eliminated.

[0003] Under the background of the current era, phased array antennas are developing towards high power, miniaturization, multi-band, and multi-polarization operation. Miniaturized multi-band radar antennas have many advantages. In wireless communication and electronic countermeasure wars, there is often a need for multi-band cooperative work. High and low frequency bands work together. The high frequency band has high detection accuracy and is convenient for fine image processing. The low frequency band has longer wavelength, longer transmission distance, stronger penetration, and stronger diffraction ability, making it more suitable for long-distance search and detection. Combining high and low frequency band phased array antennas can complement each other and increase the antenna's anti-interference ability and adaptability to various harsh environments. The most common integration method for multi-frequency co-aperture phased array is to combine different frequency bands. Although this method can solve the coupling problem between different frequency band elements, it is not conducive to platform integration and phased array antenna miniaturization.

[0004] Microstrip patch antenna structures are widely used in communication, radar, navigation and other fields. They have simple structure, are easy to surface conformal installation, and are easy to integrate with other antenna structure components. In theoretical research, the radiation mechanism of microstrip patch antennas is also relatively mature. At present, there are many methods for miniaturization and multi-frequency operation of microstrip patches, such as loading parasitic elements, slotting to extend the current path, and loading the radiation plate. However, these methods are relatively complex and may narrow the relative bandwidth of the antenna and affect the resonant frequency. In addition to surface antennas mainly composed of metal surfaces, wire antennas mainly composed of wires and metal rods are also used in antenna structures. This type of antenna is mainly used for long wave, short wave and ultra-short wave bands. A typical wire antenna is a dipole antenna, which is simple to process, easy to install, has large power capacity, and is easy to integrate and achieve decoupling for multi-band phased array antennas. Co-aperture technology can load antenna components of different frequency bands in the same antenna installation aperture surface, reduce the interference between different frequency bands to a controllable range, and solve the multi-frequency operation problem of phased array antennas. By installing antennas with different polarization directions in the same aperture, different polarization directions of electromagnetic waves can be received and transmitted according to the working form. The co-aperture antenna structure is compact, occupies less space, and is conducive to the miniaturization of the antenna and cost savings.

[0005] Although the antenna operating in multiple frequency bands has many advantages, it also introduces some new problems in limited space, such as coupling between array elements, insufficient space utilization, small scanning range, reduced gain, etc. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application aims at: in order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a C / Ku dual-frequency common-aperture phased array scanning antenna.

[0007] The present application adopts the following technical solutions to achieve the above-mentioned purposes:

[0008] The present application provides a C / Ku dual-frequency common-aperture phased array scanning antenna, which comprises an antenna mounting plate, a hole printed board arranged on the antenna mounting plate, a dipole array and a patch array arranged on the hole printed board, the patch array being a plurality of Ku-band microstrip patches arranged in a square array on the hole printed board according to the aperture plane; the dipole array is a plurality of C-band antenna dipoles arranged in a square array on the hole printed board according to the aperture plane; all the C-band antenna dipoles are arranged in the same direction and perpendicular to the polarization direction of the Ku-band microstrip patch; the Ku-band patch and the C-band antenna dipole both adopt coaxial feeding form, and the Ku-band patch adopts a coupling slot form to radiate the patch.

[0009] In the polarization direction of the Ku-band microstrip patch, two adjacent C-band antenna dipoles in each row and each column of C-band antennas are provided with a non-energized dummy C dipole.

[0010] Specifically, the C-band antenna dipoles need a certain interval when working in the array plane to avoid affecting the scanning angle range of the C-band antenna dipoles. For the polarization direction of the C-band antenna dipoles, the non-energized dummy C dipole needs to be installed at intervals, that is, two adjacent C-band antenna dipoles in each row and column of C-band antennas are provided with a non-energized dummy C dipole. The purpose of this structure is to not destroy the periodicity of the distribution when the Ku array radiates, so as to eliminate the coupling between the C-band antenna dipoles and the Ku-band patch. The dipole excitation mode has two kinds, one is the C-band antenna dipole energized in actual implementation, and the other is the non-energized dummy C dipole.

[0011] All the C-band antenna dipoles are arranged in the same direction and perpendicular to the polarization direction of the Ku-band microstrip patch. This arrangement makes the dual-frequency band work independently and does not produce too much interference.

[0012] In one embodiment, each C-band antenna dipole is fastened to the hole printed board vertically through a rectangular flange plate.

[0013] Each C-band antenna element includes an inner conductor, a metal shell sleeved outside the inner conductor, and two bent element arms symmetrically arranged at the top of the metal shell, the two bent element arms are coaxial with the coaxial feed line, and the metal shell is connected with the coaxial feed line through a flange.

[0014] Specifically, as shown in Figure 2 , a single C-band antenna element is mainly composed of an inner conductor, a metal shell, a bent element arm, and a metal structural part. The bent element arm is bent from two metal straight conductors, the width between the two arms is 12mm, the arm length is 8.3mm, and the structure is symmetrical. The bent element arm is connected to the metal shell, the metal shell is connected to the coaxial feed line through a flange, and the entire C-band antenna element is vertically fixed on the open hole printed board through the flange.

[0015] In one embodiment, the ku-band microstrip patch is mounted on the open hole printed board through a microstrip antenna dielectric plate, and the microstrip antenna dielectric plate includes a first layer dielectric plate, a second layer dielectric plate, a third layer dielectric plate and a fourth layer dielectric plate from top to bottom;

[0016] The Ku-band microstrip patch includes a parasitic patch layer above the first layer dielectric plate and a radiation patch layer above the second layer dielectric plate. A slotted metal plate for slot coupling is arranged below the second layer dielectric plate. A microstrip line is arranged at the bottom of the third layer dielectric plate. The inner conductor of the coaxial feed line of the coaxial feed structure penetrates the fourth layer dielectric plate to connect with the strip line. The energy is fed to the microstrip line through the coaxial feed line, and then coupled to the double-layer microstrip patch of the radiation patch layer through the slotted metal plate. The end of the strip line adopts an enlarged disc structure to match the impedance. The coaxial feed structure of the Ku-band is arranged below the strip line. The inner conductor of the coaxial feed structure penetrates the fourth layer dielectric plate to connect with the strip line. The metal conductor bottom plate below the fourth layer plate is connected with the outer conductor of the coaxial feed structure.

[0017] Specifically, as shown in Figure 3 , the first layer dielectric plate is above the parasitic patch layer, the second layer dielectric plate is above the radiation patch layer below the first layer dielectric plate, and the slotted metal plate for slot coupling is below the second layer. There is a slot in the upper part, and a strip line is arranged below the third layer dielectric plate. The strip line can couple energy to the double-layer microstrip patch of the radiation patch layer through the slot. The end of the strip line adopts an enlarged disc structure to match the impedance. The coaxial feed structure of the Ku-band is arranged below the strip line. The inner conductor of the coaxial feed structure penetrates the fourth layer dielectric plate to connect with the strip line. The metal conductor bottom plate below the fourth layer plate is connected with the outer conductor of the coaxial feed structure.

[0018] The ku-band microstrip patch is distributed in a cut-corner circular aperture surface with a diameter of 360mm according to a cross-shaped cross-section. The polarization directions of all array elements are consistent, but adjacent array elements are in a symmetrical relationship. When excited, the phase difference is 180°. The polarization direction of the C-band antenna element needs to be perpendicular to the polarization direction of the patch. In this way, the phased array antenna with double-band common aperture independent working can be realized.

[0019] In an embodiment, the third layer of dielectric plate and the fourth layer of dielectric plate are respectively the first feed layer and the second feed layer, the first feed layer and the second feed layer are shielded by a ring-shaped shielding column structure penetrating through the first feed layer and the second feed layer, the ring-shaped shielding column structure encloses the stripline and the coaxial feed structure inside, and is used for suppressing the coupling effect between the adjacent two Ku-band microstrip patches.

[0020] Specifically, as shown in Figure 4 , four Ku-band microstrip patches form a periodic structure, the directions of the striplines of the adjacent two Ku-band microstrip patches on each row are opposite; the radiation layer adopts a metal shielding column structure to prevent energy from being scattered and affecting the radiation performance; the feed layer directly adopts a ring-shaped shielding column structure to enclose the stripline and the coaxial feed structure, and is used for suppressing the coupling effect between the Ku-band microstrip patches.

[0021] In an embodiment, every four adjacent Ku-band microstrip patches form a group, the microstrip coupling slot groove direction is the direction of the stripline, which is also the polarization direction of the Ku-band microstrip patch when it works. The four Ku-band microstrip patches in each group are arranged in a square array.

[0022] In an embodiment, every four adjacent Ku-band microstrip patches form a group, the geometric center position of the four Ku-band microstrip patches in each group is the position of the rear-end radio frequency component of the C-band antenna oscillator, and the C-band antenna oscillator is vertically installed at the geometric center.

[0023] As shown in Figure 1 , it mainly includes an antenna mounting plate, an open hole printed board arranged on the antenna mounting plate, an oscillator array and a patch array arranged on the open hole printed board, and a plurality of avoiding holes for mounting the oscillator array are arranged on the open hole printed board.

[0024] There are Ku-band microstrip patches with four corners cut off and cross-distributed on the entire aperture surface of the open hole printed board, and the Ku-band microstrip patches are distributed on the upper surfaces of the first dielectric plate and the second layer of dielectric plate.

[0025] There are also C-band antenna oscillators and dummy C oscillators with four corners cut off and cross-distributed on the entire aperture surface of the open hole printed board, and the C-band antenna oscillators and the dummy C oscillators are alternately distributed by column; the Ku-band microstrip patches and the C-band antenna oscillators are arranged compactly.

[0026] There are also C-band antenna oscillators and dummy C oscillators with four corners cut off and cross-distributed on the entire aperture surface of the open hole printed board, and the centers of the four Ku-band microstrip patches are used to determine the overall array position as the centers of a C-band antenna oscillator or a dummy C oscillator.

[0027] In one embodiment, the array distribution shape of the Ku-band microstrip patch and the C-band antenna element is consistent,

[0028] The Ku-band microstrip patch and the C-band antenna element are compactly arranged in the aperture plane of the antenna mounting plate with a diameter of 360mm, and form a co-aperture phased array array, and the number ratio of the Ku-band microstrip patch and the C-band antenna element is 4-5:1.

[0029] In one embodiment, the Ku-band microstrip patch is a coaxial feed inner conductor transfer strip line, and the end of the strip line is a disc structure to adapt to impedance matching.

[0030] In one embodiment, the bending part of the two bending element arms of the C-band antenna element is treated with a guide angle, and the length of the bending part and the unbending part is 1:1.

[0031] The top of the metal shell of the C-band antenna element is symmetrically provided with a gap, and is vertically fixed on the open hole printed board through a rectangular flange.

[0032] The present scheme adopts two different types of antenna components, the microstrip patch and the element antenna, which are compactly arranged to fully utilize the space and design miniaturization. The width between the two element arms is 12mm, and the element arms are bent to increase the anti-seismic performance of the overall structure and the influence between the overall array time interval. The spacing between the elements on the aperture plane is 9.2mm, a part of the elements is replaced by dummy C elements, so that the elements do not contact each other and affect the scanning angle of the phased array antenna; the symmetric gap structure on the metal shell of the element has good impedance matching performance after optimization, and the power capacity of a single element is improved; the VSWR of a single element unit is below 1.5 within the working frequency range; every four units of the Ku-band microstrip patch antenna is a group, which can be regarded as a periodic unit of the phased array, and a C-band antenna element or a dummy element unit is arranged at the center position of each group. The combined arrangement of the two types of antenna components fully utilizes the aperture plane space to meet the high gain requirement. The Ku-band microstrip patch inside adopts a slot coupling feed technology to improve the cross-polarization isolation, and adopts a coaxial transfer strip line feed form. The length of the strip line can be adjusted for impedance matching, and the antenna VSWR bandwidth is improved. The VSWR is better than 1.5 in the C / Ku band. Simulation verification shows that the overall pattern and scanning range of the C-band antenna element and the Ku-band microstrip antenna are almost not affected, and they can work independently in a limited space. The present application has the characteristics of easy processing, compact structure, light weight, dual-band, independent work, high gain, easy integration, and meets the design requirements of today's phased array scanning radar.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0034] 1. The application mainly realizes a dual-band common-aperture antenna, reasonably arranges the microstrip patch of the ku band and the array antenna of the C band in the same space range, and uses dummy encryption decoupling technology, so that the above-mentioned dual-band and different physical form antenna array is integrated, and the coupling effect is reduced to solve the above-mentioned problem. The microstrip patch antenna mainly adopts coaxial feed microstrip line, and then is fed by band line slot coupling; wherein the wavelength of the ku band is short, the unit size is small, and more microstrip patches need to be arranged in the whole space range;

[0035] 2. For the C band antenna oscillator, the microstrip antenna dielectric plate is periodically arranged, and is independent of the ku band operation. In order to make the C band gain reach a high level, more oscillator antennas need to be arranged as much as possible; however, the oscillator arm will strengthen the coupling between the Ku band patch, so that the Ku band beam is not only limited in scanning angle range, and the pattern distortion, so the C band dummy oscillator is regularly introduced at the periodic interval position to decouple and improve the scanning ability of the Ku band phased array antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the application, and therefore should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0037] Figure 1 is the array arrangement diagram and the overall schematic diagram of the mounting plate of the C / ku dual-band common-aperture phased array antenna;

[0038] Figure 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the C band antenna oscillator;

[0039] Figure 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the antenna dielectric plate;

[0040] Figure 4 is the top view of the ku band patch;

[0041] Reference signs: 1-microstrip antenna dielectric plate, 2-perforated printed board, 3-C band antenna oscillator, 4-Ku band microstrip patch, 5-microstrip antenna dielectric plate;

[0042] 31-inner conductor, 32-metal shell, 33-bent oscillator arm;

[0043] 41-parasitic patch layer, 42-slotted metal plate, 43-radiating patch layer, 44-ring-shaped shielding column structure, 45-strip line;

[0044] 51 - first layer of dielectric plates, 52 - second layer of dielectric plates, 53 - third layer of dielectric plates, 54 - fourth layer of dielectric plates. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the following will be combined with the accompanying drawings for the embodiments of the present application to make a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0046] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present application, but only represents selected embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0047] It should be noted that: similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for differentiation in description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0048] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "inner", "outer", "upper", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or position relationship commonly placed when the product of the present application is used, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and is not intended to indicate or imply that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0049] Embodiment 1

[0050] The embodiment provides a C / Ku dual-frequency co-aperture phased array scanning antenna, which comprises an antenna mounting plate, a hole printed board 2 arranged on the antenna mounting plate, a dipole array and a patch array arranged on the hole printed board 2, the patch array is a plurality of Ku-band microstrip patches 4 distributed on the hole printed board 2 in a square array on an aperture plane; the dipole array is a plurality of C-band antenna dipoles 3 distributed on the hole printed board 2 in a square array on an aperture plane; all the C-band antenna dipoles 3 are arranged in the same direction and are perpendicular to the polarization direction of the Ku-band microstrip patch, the Ku-band patch and the C-band antenna dipole 3 all adopt a coaxial feeding form, and the Ku-band patch adopts a coupling slot form to radiate the patch.

[0051] In the polarization direction of the Ku-band microstrip patch 4, there are non-energized dummy C dipoles between every two adjacent C-band antenna dipoles in each row and each column.

[0052] Specifically, the C-band antenna dipoles 3 need a certain interval when working in the array plane to avoid affecting the scanning angle range of the C-band antenna dipoles 3. For the polarization direction of the C-band antenna dipoles 3, non-energized dummy C dipoles need to be installed at intervals, that is, there are non-energized dummy C dipoles between every two adjacent C-band antenna dipoles in each row and each column. The purpose of this structure is to ensure that the periodicity of the distribution is not destroyed when the Ku array radiates, so that the coupling between the C-band antenna dipoles 3 and the Ku-band patch can be eliminated. There are two energizing modes for the dipoles: one is the C-band antenna dipoles 3 energized in actual implementation, and the other is the non-energized dummy C dipoles.

[0053] All the C-band antenna dipoles 3 are arranged in the same direction and perpendicular to the polarization direction of the Ku-band microstrip patch. This arrangement enables the dual-band to work independently and does not cause much interference.

[0054] As shown in Figure 1 , it mainly includes an antenna mounting plate, an open hole printed board 2 arranged on the antenna mounting plate, a dipole array and a patch array arranged on the open hole printed board 2, and a plurality of avoiding holes for mounting the dipole array are arranged on the open hole printed board 2.

[0055] There are Ku-band microstrip patches 4 with four corners cut off and cross-distributed on the entire aperture plane of the open hole printed board 2. The Ku-band microstrip patches 4 are distributed on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate and the upper surface of the second dielectric plate 52.

[0056] There are also C-band antenna dipoles 3 and dummy C dipoles with four corners cut off and cross-distributed on the entire aperture plane of the open hole printed board 2. The C-band antenna dipoles 3 and the dummy C dipoles are arranged alternately by column; the Ku-band microstrip patches and the C-band antenna dipoles 3 are arranged compactly.

[0057] There are also C-band antenna dipoles 3 and dummy C dipoles with four corners cut off and cross-distributed on the entire aperture plane of the open hole printed board 2. The centers of the four Ku-band microstrip patches serve as the center of a C-band antenna dipole 3 or a dummy C dipole to determine the overall array position.

[0058] Embodiment 2

[0059] This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of Embodiment 1, specifically:

[0060] Each C-band antenna dipole 3 is fastened to the open hole printed board 2 perpendicularly through a rectangular flange;

[0061] Each C-band antenna element 3 includes an inner conductor 31, a metal shell 32 sleeved outside the inner conductor 31, and two bent element arms 33 symmetrically arranged at the top of the metal shell 32, the two bent element arms are coaxial with the coaxial feed line, and the metal shell 32 is connected with the coaxial feed line through a flange.

[0062] Specifically, as shown in Figure 2 the single C-band antenna element 3 is mainly composed of the inner conductor 31, the metal shell 32, the bent element arm 33, and a metal structural member. The bent element arm 33 is bent from two metal straight conductors, the width between the two arms is 12 mm, the arm length is 8.3 mm, and the structure is symmetrical. The bent element arm 33 is connected to the metal shell 32, the metal shell 32 is connected to the coaxial feed line through a flange, and the entire C-band antenna element 3 is vertically fixed on the open hole printed board 2 through the flange.

[0063] Embodiment 3

[0064] This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of embodiment 2, specifically:

[0065] The Ku-band microstrip patch is installed on the open hole printed board 2 through the microstrip antenna dielectric board 1, and the microstrip antenna dielectric board 1 includes a first layer dielectric board 51, a second layer dielectric board 52, a third layer dielectric board 53, and a fourth layer dielectric board 54 from top to bottom;

[0066] The Ku-band microstrip patch 4 includes a parasitic patch layer 41 above the first layer dielectric board 51, a radiation patch layer 43 above the second layer dielectric board 52, a slotted metal plate 42 for slot coupling below the second layer dielectric board 52, a microstrip line at the bottom of the third layer dielectric board 53, and a coaxial feed line inner conductor 31 of a coaxial feed structure penetrating through the fourth layer dielectric board 54 and connected with the stripline 45. The coaxial feed line feeds power to the microstrip line, and then the slotted metal plate 42 is slot-coupled to the radiation patch layer 43. The coaxial feed structure is connected with the rear-end radio frequency component.

[0067] Specifically, as shown in Figure 3 the parasitic patch layer 41 is above the first layer dielectric board 51, the radiation patch layer 43 is below the first layer dielectric board 51 and above the second layer dielectric board 52, the slotted metal plate 42 for slot coupling is below the second layer, and has a slot above, the stripline 45 is below the third layer dielectric board 53, and can slot-couple energy to the double-layer microstrip patch of the radiation patch layer 43, the end of the stripline 45 adopts an enlarged disc structure to match impedance, the coaxial feed structure of the Ku-band is below the stripline 45, the coaxial inner conductor 31 penetrates through the fourth layer dielectric board 54 and is connected with the stripline 45, and the metal conductor bottom plate below the fourth layer board is connected with the outer conductor of the coaxial feed structure.

[0068] The ku-band microstrip patches are distributed in a cross-over vibration surface in a cut-corner circular aperture surface with a diameter of 360 mm, polarization directions of all array elements are consistent, but adjacent array elements are in a symmetrical relationship, and a phase difference of 180 degrees is generated when being excited, and the C-band antenna vibrator 3 polarization direction needs to be perpendicular to the polarization direction of the patch, so that the phased array antenna with double-frequency bands and independent working in a common aperture can be realized.

[0069] Embodiment 4

[0070] This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of embodiment 3, and specifically is:

[0071] The third layer of medium plate 53 and the fourth layer of medium plate 54 are respectively the first feeding layer and the second feeding layer, the first feeding layer and the second feeding layer are shielded by the annular shielding column structure 44 penetrating the first feeding layer and the second feeding layer, the annular shielding column structure 44 encloses the strip line 45 and the coaxial feeding structure inside, and is used for suppressing the coupling effect between adjacent two ku-band microstrip patches.

[0072] Every four adjacent ku-band microstrip patches 4 form a group, the slotting direction of the microstrip coupling gap is the direction of the strip line 45, and is also the polarization direction when the ku-band microstrip patch 4 works. The four ku-band microstrip patches 4 in each group are distributed in a square array.

[0073] Every four adjacent ku-band microstrip patches 4 form a group, the geometric center position of the four ku-band microstrip patches 4 in each group is the position of the rear-end radio frequency component of the C-band antenna vibrator 3, and the C-band antenna vibrator 3 is vertically installed at the geometric center.

[0074] As shown in Figure 4 The four ku-band microstrip patches 4 form a periodic structure, the direction of the strip line 45 of the adjacent two ku-band microstrip patches 4 on each row is opposite; the radiation layer adopts a metal shielding column structure to prevent energy from being scattered and affecting the radiation performance; the feeding layer directly adopts the annular shielding column structure 44 to enclose the strip line 45 and the coaxial feeding structure, and is used for suppressing the coupling effect between the ku-band microstrip patches.

[0075] Embodiment 5

[0076] This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of embodiment 3, and specifically is:

[0077] The array distribution shape of the ku-band microstrip patch 4 and the C-band antenna vibrator 3 is consistent,

[0078] The ku-band microstrip patch 4 and the C-band antenna vibrator 3 are arranged in a compact manner in the aperture surface of the antenna mounting plate with a diameter of 360 mm, and form a common-aperture phased array array, and the number ratio of the ku-band microstrip patch 4 and the C-band antenna vibrator 3 is 4-5:1.

[0079] The Ku-band microstrip patch is connected to the inner conductor 31 of the coaxial feed through a strip line 45, and the end of the strip line 45 is in a disc structure to adapt to impedance matching.

[0080] The bending parts of the two bent dipole arms of the C-band antenna dipole 3 are treated with a guide angle, and the length of the bent part and the unbent part is 1:1; the top of the metal shell 32 of the C-band antenna dipole 3 is symmetrically provided with a slot and is vertically fixed on the open hole printed board 2 through a rectangular flange.

[0081] Specifically, the scheme adopts two different types of antenna assemblies, microstrip patches and dipole antennas, which are arranged compactly, fully utilize the space, and are designed to be small. The width between the two dipole arms is 12mm, the dipole arms are bent to increase the anti-seismic performance of the overall structure and the influence between the overall array time interval, the spacing between the dipoles on the aperture surface is 9.2mm, a part of the dipoles is replaced by a dummy C-dipole, so that the dipoles do not contact each other and affect the scanning angle of the phased array antenna; the symmetric slot structure on the metal shell 32 of the dipole has good impedance matching performance after optimization, and improves the power capacity of a single dipole; the VSWR of a single dipole unit is below 1.5 within the working frequency range; every four units of the Ku-band microstrip patch antenna is a group, which can be regarded as a periodic unit of the phased array, and a C-band antenna dipole 3 or a dummy dipole unit is arranged at the center position of each group; the combination of the two types of antenna assemblies fully utilizes the aperture space to meet the high gain requirement, the Ku-band microstrip patch 4 inside adopts a slot coupling feed technology to improve the cross-polarization isolation, adopts a coaxial-to-strip line 45 feed form, the strip line 45 can adjust the length for impedance matching, and improve the antenna VSWR bandwidth. The VSWR of the C / Ku-band is better than 1.5, and the simulation verification shows that the overall directional diagram and scanning range of the C-band antenna dipole 3 and the Ku-band microstrip antenna are almost not affected, and they can work independently in a limited space. The present application has the characteristics of easy processing, compact structure, light weight, dual-band, independent work, high gain, easy integration, and meets the design requirements of today's phased array scanning radar.

Claims

1. A C / Ku dual-frequency co-boresight phased array scanning antenna, comprising an antenna mounting plate, a hole printed board arranged on the antenna mounting plate, a dipole array and a patch array arranged on the hole printed board, characterized in that: The patch array is a plurality of Ku-band microstrip patches distributed in a square array on the aperture printed board; the vibrator array is a plurality of C-band antenna vibrators distributed in a square array on the aperture printed board; all the C-band antenna vibrators are arranged in the same direction and are perpendicular to the polarization direction of the Ku-band microstrip patches; the Ku-band microstrip patches and the C-band antenna vibrators are both in the coaxial feeding form; the Ku-band microstrip patches are in the coupling slot form to radiate the patches; In the strip line polarization direction of the Ku-band microstrip patch, two adjacent C-band antenna vibrators in each row and each column of the C-band antenna are provided with a non-excited dummy C vibrator; The array distribution shapes of the Ku-band microstrip patches and the C-band antenna vibrators are consistent; The Ku-band microstrip patches and the C-band antenna vibrators are arranged compactly in the aperture plane of the antenna mounting plate to form a common-aperture phased array array.

2. The C / Ku dual-frequency co-boresight phased array scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each C-band antenna vibrator is fastened to the aperture printed board vertically through a rectangular flange; Each C-band antenna vibrator includes an inner conductor, a metal shell sleeved outside the inner conductor, and two bent vibrator arms symmetrically arranged at the top of the metal shell, the two bent vibrator arms are coaxial with the coaxial feeding line, and the metal shell is connected with the coaxial feeding line through the flange.

3. The C / Ku dual-frequency co-boresight phased array scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Ku-band microstrip patch is mounted on the aperture printed board through a microstrip antenna dielectric board, and the microstrip antenna dielectric board includes a first layer dielectric board, a second layer dielectric board, a third layer dielectric board and a fourth layer dielectric board from top to bottom.

4. The C / Ku dual-frequency co-boresight phased array scanning antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The Ku-band microstrip patch includes a parasitic patch layer above the first layer dielectric board and a radiation patch layer above the second layer dielectric board, a slotted metal plate for slot coupling is arranged below the second layer dielectric board, a microstrip line is arranged at the bottom of the third layer dielectric board, the inner conductor of the coaxial feeding line of the coaxial feeding structure passes through the fourth layer dielectric board and is connected with the strip line, the coaxial feeding line is fed to the microstrip line, then the slotted metal plate is slot-coupled to the radiation patch layer, and the coaxial feeding structure is connected with a rear-end radio frequency component.

5. The C / Ku dual-frequency co-boresight phased array scanning antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The third layer dielectric board and the fourth layer dielectric board are a first feeding layer and a second feeding layer respectively, the first feeding layer and the second feeding layer are shielded by a ring-shaped shielding column structure penetrating through the first feeding layer and the second feeding layer, the ring-shaped shielding column structure encloses the strip line and the coaxial feeding structure inside, and is used for suppressing the coupling effect between adjacent two Ku-band microstrip patches.

6. The C / Ku dual-frequency co-boresight phased array scanning antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each adjacent four Ku-band microstrip patches form a group, the microstrip coupling slot opening direction is the strip line direction, which is also the polarization direction when the Ku-band microstrip patch works, and the four Ku-band microstrip patches in each group are distributed in a square array.

7. The C / Ku dual-frequency co-boresight phased array scanning antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: Each adjacent four Ku-band microstrip patches form a group, the geometric center position of each group of four Ku-band microstrip patches is the position of the rear-end radio frequency component of the C-band antenna vibrator, and the C-band antenna vibrator is vertically installed at the geometric center.

8. The C / Ku dual-frequency co-boresight phased array scanning antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The Ku-band microstrip patch is a coaxial inner conductor transfer strip line, and the end of the strip line is a round plate structure to adapt to impedance matching.

9. The C / Ku dual-frequency co-boresight phased array scanning antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The C-band antenna oscillator has two bent oscillator arms, and the bending positions of the two bent oscillator arms are subjected to guide angle processing. The metal shell of the C-band antenna oscillator is symmetrically provided with a gap at the top, and is vertically fixed on the opening printed board through a rectangular flange plate.

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