High-quality rice planting method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of rice cultivation, and particularly relates to a high-quality rice planting method which comprises the following steps: after a rice seedling bed is made in a rice seedling bed, pre-treated soil is put into a rice seedling raising tray; excellent seeds are screened and treated; in the sowing period, the germinated seeds are evenly sown on a rice seedling bed and a rice seedling raising tray, meanwhile, a matrix is evenly sown, and the surfaces of the seeds are covered with untreated soil and covered with films; after the film is uncovered, seedling hardening is conducted for 5-7 days, and seedlings are obtained; uniformly applying a rice compound fertilizer in the rice field before transplanting, then carrying out rotary tillage on soil, transplanting seedlings into the rice field, and applying a slow-release compound fertilizer after the transplanted seedlings turn green; micro-toxic pesticide integrating disease prevention, pest control and yield increase is sprayed; harvesting can be conducted in the yellow ripe later stage. According to the method, the defects in the prior art are overcome, the rice breeding method is optimized from the comprehensive aspects of planting, fertilizer, pesticide and the like, the quality and product of rice are improved, the requirement of the market for high-quality rice is met, and high social and economic values are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of rice breeding, and in particular relates to a high-quality rice planting method. Background Art

[0002] As a key global food crop, rice farming is related to food security and farmers' income. Rice farming involves multiple links such as seed selection, soil management, fertilization, irrigation, pest and disease control, and field management, aiming to improve rice yield and quality through scientific means to meet people's basic and high-quality food needs.

[0003] At present, rice farming faces problems such as pests and diseases, soil degradation and resource consumption. Researching high-quality rice farming methods will not only help solve these problems, but also increase the market value of rice, promote sustainable agricultural development, increase farmers' income, and meet the market's growing demand for high-quality rice, which is of far-reaching significance. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-quality rice planting method, which overcomes the shortcomings of the existing technology, improves the quality and product of rice by optimizing the rice cultivation method from all aspects such as planting, fertilizer, pesticide, etc., meets the market demand for high-quality rice, and has high social and economic value.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0006] A high-quality rice planting method comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1. Preparation of seedling field: After the seedling bed is prepared in the seedling field, the pre-treated soil is placed in the seedling tray;

[0008] S2. Seed treatment: select high-quality seeds, wash them, dry them at low temperature, dry them in the sun, soak them in coating agents, control the moisture, and then germinate them until they are white and have broken thorax, and set them aside;

[0009] S3. Sowing and post-sowing treatment: During the sowing period, the germinated seeds are evenly sown on the seedling field and the seedling tray, and the substrate is evenly sown, and the surface of the seeds is covered with untreated soil, and then covered with film after sufficient bottom watering;

[0010] S4. Seedling management: from sowing to the tip of the first leaf, the temperature is controlled at 28-30℃, and then gradually lowered to 20-22℃ after the 3-leaf stage. The film is removed when the night temperature is higher than 12℃. After removing the film, the seedlings are hardened for 5-7 days to obtain the rice seedlings.

[0011] S5. Field management: Apply rice compound fertilizer evenly in the rice field before transplanting, then use a rotary tiller to till the soil, divide the rice field into ridges and prepare the land, remove weeds, transplant the seedlings into the rice field, and apply slow-release compound fertilizer after the rice seedlings turn green;

[0012] S6. Pest control: spray the micro-toxic pesticides for disease prevention, pest control and yield increase three times during tillering, heading and opening stages;

[0013] S7. Harvesting at maturity: When the rice ears hang down and enter the late yellow maturity stage, they can be harvested.

[0014] Further, the soil pretreatment method described in S1 is:

[0015] Select clean, unpolluted soil, add 1.5 times the mass of water to the soil, soak it, drain the water, then add 0.5% of the soil mass of a seedling strengthening agent and mix it thoroughly.

[0016] Furthermore, the seedling strengthening agent includes inorganic fertilizer and biological bacterial agent. The inorganic fertilizer includes, by weight: 20-25 parts of ammonium sulfate, 50-60 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 40-60 parts of potassium sulfate and 5-7 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate. The biological bacterial agent includes, by weight: 10-20 parts of Trichoderma, 15-30 parts of Bacillus licheniformis and 5-10 parts of Bacillus subtilis.

[0017] Furthermore, the coating agent in S2 comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0018] 15-30 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 30-50 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 2-8 parts of acetamiprid, 5-10 parts of carbendazim, 1-5 parts of ethylene glycol, 0.2-1 parts of plant growth regulator, 2-4 parts of calcium lignin sulfonate, 0.2-0.8 parts of Tween-80 and 2-6 parts of n-butanol.

[0019] Furthermore, the slow-release compound fertilizer comprises compound fertilizer and attachment material, and the amount of attachment material added is 10%-20% of the compound fertilizer.

[0020] Furthermore, the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0021] 20-30 parts of urea, 8-12 parts of ammonium sulfate, 6-12 parts of superphosphate, 5-8 parts of double superphosphate, 12-16 parts of potassium chloride, 8-10 parts of potassium sulfate, 1-5 parts of humic acid, 2-8 parts of sodium silicate, 5-10 parts of zinc sulfate, 5-8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2-6 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 4-12 parts of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and 1-5 parts of potassium-solubilizing bacteria.

[0022] Furthermore, the attachment material comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0023] 60-80 parts of zeolite powder, 10-20 parts of kaolin, 10-15 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 2-6 parts of lignin sulfonate, and 1-5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol.

[0024] Furthermore, the low-toxic pesticide in S6 comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0025] 10-20 parts of tricyclazole, 5-10 parts of validamycin, 8-16 parts of avermectin, 10-20 parts of chlorantraniliprole, and 30-40 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The high-quality rice planting method of the present invention comprises the following steps: treating the soil in a seedling raising tray, selecting excellent seeds, sowing the treated seeds in the seedling raising tray, and simultaneously sowing a matrix, optimizing the seedling management to help the seeds germinate, transplanting the seeds into a rice field after germination, using slow-release compound fertilizers and slightly toxic pesticides, thereby improving the quality and yield of rice, meeting the market demand for high-quality rice, and having high social and economic value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] This embodiment discloses a high-quality rice planting method, comprising the following steps:

[0031] S1. Preparation of seedling field: After the seedling bed is prepared in the seedling field, the pre-treated soil is placed in the seedling tray;

[0032] Soil pretreatment methods are:

[0033] Select clean, unpolluted soil, add 1.5 times the mass of water to the soil, soak it, drain the water, then add 0.5% of the soil mass of a seedling strengthening agent and mix it thoroughly.

[0034] Among them, the seedling strengthening agent includes inorganic fertilizer and biological bacterial agent. The inorganic fertilizer includes, by weight: 20 parts of ammonium sulfate, 50 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 40 parts of potassium sulfate and 5 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate. The biological bacterial agent includes, by weight: 10 parts of Trichoderma, 15 parts of Bacillus licheniformis and 5 parts of Bacillus subtilis.

[0035] The inorganic fertilizer in the seedling strengthening agent can provide the trace elements needed for seed germination, improve soil fertility, promote the growth of rice roots, and enhance the absorption capacity of the roots; the Trichoderma in the biological agent can secrete antibiotic substances to prevent the occurrence of various soil-borne diseases, Bacillus licheniformis can decompose organic matter in the soil and release nutrients for rice to absorb and utilize, and Bacillus subtilis can improve the rice's ability to resist drought, cold, and lodging.

[0036] S2. Seed treatment: select high-quality seeds, wash them, dry them at low temperature, dry them in the sun, soak them in coating agents, control the moisture, and then germinate them until they are white and have broken thorax, and set them aside;

[0037] The coating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0038] 15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 30 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 2 parts of acetamiprid, 5 parts of carbendazim, 1 part of ethylene glycol, 0.2 parts of plant growth regulator, 2 parts of calcium lignin sulfonate, 0.2 parts of Tween-80 and 2 parts of n-butanol.

[0039] The coating agent of the above components integrates multiple functions such as disease prevention, insect resistance, and growth promotion, and can meet various needs in the growth process of rice. Most of the ingredients in the formula are low-toxic and easily degradable, meet environmental protection requirements, and are beneficial to the protection of the agricultural ecological environment.

[0040] S3. Sowing and post-sowing treatment: During the sowing period, evenly sow the germinated seeds on the nursery field and the seedling tray, evenly sow the substrate, and cover the surface of the seeds with untreated soil, then water them sufficiently and cover them with film.

[0041] S4. Seedling management: After sowing until the tip of one leaf emerges, the temperature is controlled at 28-30℃, and the temperature is gradually lowered to maintain 20-22℃ after the 3-leaf stage. Remove the film when the night temperature is higher than 12℃. After removing the film, harden the seedlings for 5-7 days to obtain the seedlings.

[0042] S5. Field management: Apply rice compound fertilizer evenly in the rice field before transplanting, then use a rotary tiller to till the soil, divide the rice field into ridges and level the land, remove weeds, transplant the seedlings into the rice field, and apply slow-release compound fertilizer after the rice seedlings turn green.

[0043] The slow-release compound fertilizer includes compound fertilizer and attachments, and the attachment is added in an amount of 10% of the compound fertilizer; the compound fertilizer includes the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of urea, 8 parts of ammonium sulfate, 6 parts of superphosphate, 5 parts of double superphosphate, 12 parts of potassium chloride, 8 parts of potassium sulfate, 1 part of humic acid, 2 parts of sodium silicate, 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 4 parts of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and 1 part of potassium-solubilizing bacteria; the attachment includes the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of zeolite powder, 10 parts of kaolin, 10 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 2 parts of lignin sulfonate, and 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol.

[0044] The preparation method of slow-release compound fertilizer is:

[0045] Mix the above-mentioned attachment ingredients evenly and stir until they are completely blended;

[0046] Mix the above-mentioned attachment material with the compound fertilizer raw material in a specified proportion and stir for 30 minutes to ensure that all ingredients are fully mixed and uniform to form a mixture;

[0047] The mixed material is placed in a molding machine for molding to form granular raw material balls. Subsequently, the edges of the raw material balls are removed to ensure the uniformity and integrity of the particles.

[0048] The granular raw material balls are placed in an environment of 70°C to 80°C and heated for 30 minutes to solidify the particles to form a high-efficiency slow-release compound fertilizer.

[0049] Through the zeolite attachment and multi-layer coating, nutrients are slowly released, ensuring that crops can obtain a stable nutrient supply throughout the growth cycle.

[0050] The slow-release properties reduce the rapid dissolution and concentrated release of fertilizers in the soil, thereby reducing the risk of soil salt damage; the use of water-retaining agents and binders enhances the water-retaining capacity of fertilizers, while also helping to fix nutrients and prevent them from being lost with water.

[0051] S6. Pest control: spray the micro-toxic pesticides for disease prevention, pest control and yield increase three times during tillering, heading and opening stages;

[0052] Low-toxic pesticides include the following components by weight:

[0053] 10-20 parts of tricyclazole, 5-10 parts of validamycin, 8-16 parts of avermectin, 10-20 parts of chlorantraniliprole, and 30-40 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0054] The above formula focuses on micro-toxicity and environmental protection. The selected active ingredients have low toxicity and little impact on the environment and human body.

[0055] S7. Harvesting at maturity: When the rice ears hang down and enter the late yellow maturity stage, they can be harvested.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] This embodiment is basically the same as the high-quality rice cultivation method disclosed in Example 1, except that the rice seedling strengthening agent includes inorganic fertilizer and biological microbial agent, the inorganic fertilizer includes 22.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 55 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 50 parts of potassium sulfate and 6 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate by weight, and the biological microbial agent includes 15 parts of Trichoderma, 22.5 parts of Bacillus licheniformis and 7.5 parts of Bacillus subtilis by weight.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] This embodiment is basically the same as the high-quality rice cultivation method disclosed in Example 1, with the only difference being that the rice seedling strengthening agent includes inorganic fertilizer and biological bacterial agent, the inorganic fertilizer includes, by weight, 25 parts of ammonium sulfate, 60 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 60 parts of potassium sulfate and 7 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, and the biological bacterial agent includes, by weight, 20 parts of Trichoderma, 30 parts of Bacillus licheniformis and 10 parts of Bacillus subtilis.

[0060] Example 4

[0061] This embodiment is basically the same as the high-quality rice cultivation method disclosed in Example 1, except that the coating agent includes the following components in parts by weight:

[0062] 15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 30 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 2 parts of acetamiprid, 5 parts of carbendazim, 1 part of ethylene glycol, 0.2 parts of plant growth regulator, 2 parts of calcium lignin sulfonate, 0.2 parts of Tween-80 and 2 parts of n-butanol.

[0063] Example 5

[0064] This embodiment is basically the same as the high-quality rice cultivation method disclosed in Example 1, except that the coating agent includes the following components in parts by weight:

[0065] 22.5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 40 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 5 parts of acetamiprid, 12.5 parts of carbendazim, 3 parts of ethylene glycol, 0.6 parts of plant growth regulator, 3 parts of calcium lignin sulfonate, 0.5 parts of Tween-80 and 4 parts of n-butanol.

[0066] Example 6

[0067] This embodiment is basically the same as the high-quality rice cultivation method disclosed in Example 1, except that the coating agent includes the following components in parts by weight:

[0068] 30 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 50 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 8 parts of acetamiprid, 10 parts of carbendazim, 5 parts of ethylene glycol, 1 part of plant growth regulator, 4 parts of calcium lignin sulfonate, 0.2-0.8 parts of Tween-80 and 6 parts of n-butanol.

[0069] Example 7

[0070] The high-quality rice cultivation method disclosed in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that the slow-release compound fertilizer includes compound fertilizer and attachment material, and the attachment material is added in an amount of 15% of the compound fertilizer; the compound fertilizer includes the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of urea, 10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 9 parts of superphosphate, 6.5 parts of double superphosphate, 14 parts of potassium chloride, 9 parts of potassium sulfate, 3 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of sodium silicate, 12.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 6.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 4 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 8 parts of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and 3 parts of potassium-solubilizing bacteria; the attachment material includes the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of zeolite powder, 15 parts of kaolin, 12.5 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 4 parts of lignin sulfonate, and 3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol.

[0071] Example 8

[0072] The high-quality rice cultivation method disclosed in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that the slow-release compound fertilizer includes compound fertilizer and attachment material, and the attachment material is added in an amount of 20% of the compound fertilizer; the compound fertilizer includes the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of urea, 12 parts of ammonium sulfate, 12 parts of superphosphate, 8 parts of heavy superphosphate, 16 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of sodium silicate, 10 parts of zinc sulfate, 8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 6 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 12 parts of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and 5 parts of potassium-solubilizing bacteria; the attachment material includes the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of zeolite powder, 20 parts of kaolin, 15 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 6 parts of lignin sulfonate, and 5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol.

[0073] Example 9

[0074] The high-quality rice cultivation method disclosed in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that the low-toxic pesticides include the following components by weight: 15 parts of tricyclazole, 7.5 parts of validamycin, 12 parts of avermectin, 15 parts of chlorantraniliprole, and 35 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0075] Example 10

[0076] The high-quality rice cultivation method disclosed in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that the low-toxic pesticides include the following components by weight: 20 parts of tricyclazole, 10 parts of validamycin, 16 parts of avermectin, 20 parts of chlorantraniliprole, and 40 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0077] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-restrictive in all respects, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-quality rice planting method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Preparation of seedling field: After the seedling bed is prepared in the seedling field, the pre-treated soil is placed in the seedling tray; S2. Seed treatment: select high-quality seeds, wash them, dry them at low temperature, dry them in the sun, soak them in coating agents, control the moisture, and then germinate them until they are white and have broken thorax, and set them aside; S3. Sowing and post-sowing treatment: During the sowing period, the germinated seeds are evenly sown on the seedling field and the seedling tray, and the substrate is evenly sown, and the surface of the seeds is covered with untreated soil, and then covered with film after sufficient bottom watering; S4. Seedling management: from sowing to the tip of the first leaf, the temperature is controlled at 28-30℃, and then gradually lowered to 20-22℃ after the 3-leaf stage. The film is removed when the night temperature is higher than 12℃. After removing the film, the seedlings are hardened for 5-7 days to obtain the rice seedlings. S5. Field management: Apply rice compound fertilizer evenly in the rice field before transplanting, then use a rotary tiller to till the soil, divide the rice field into ridges and prepare the land, remove weeds, transplant the seedlings into the rice field, and apply slow-release compound fertilizer after the rice seedlings turn green; S6. Pest control: spray the micro-toxic pesticides for disease prevention, pest control and yield increase three times during tillering, heading and opening stages; S7. Harvesting at maturity: When the rice ears hang down and enter the late yellow maturity stage, they can be harvested.

2. A high-quality rice planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil pretreatment method described in S1 is: Select clean, unpolluted soil, add 1.5 times the mass of water to the soil, soak it, drain the water, then add 0.5% of the soil mass of a seedling strengthening agent and mix it thoroughly.

3. A high-quality rice planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The seedling strengthening agent includes inorganic fertilizer and biological bacterial agent. The inorganic fertilizer includes, by weight, 20-25 parts of ammonium sulfate, 50-60 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 40-60 parts of potassium sulfate and 5-7 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate. The biological bacterial agent includes, by weight, 10-20 parts of Trichoderma, 15-30 parts of Bacillus licheniformis and 5-10 parts of Bacillus subtilis.

4. The high-quality rice planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coating agent in S2 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 30-50 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 2-8 parts of acetamiprid, 5-10 parts of carbendazim, 1-5 parts of ethylene glycol, 0.2-1 parts of plant growth regulator, 2-4 parts of calcium lignin sulfonate, 0.2-0.8 parts of Tween-80 and 2-6 parts of n-butanol.

5. The high-quality rice planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slow-release compound fertilizer comprises compound fertilizer and attachment material, and the addition amount of the attachment material is 10%-20% of the compound fertilizer.

6. A high-quality rice planting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of urea, 8-12 parts of ammonium sulfate, 6-12 parts of superphosphate, 5-8 parts of double superphosphate, 12-16 parts of potassium chloride, 8-10 parts of potassium sulfate, 1-5 parts of humic acid, 2-8 parts of sodium silicate, 5-10 parts of zinc sulfate, 5-8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2-6 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 4-12 parts of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and 1-5 parts of potassium-solubilizing bacteria.

7. The high-quality rice planting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The attachment material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of zeolite powder, 10-20 parts of kaolin, 10-15 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 2-6 parts of lignin sulfonate, and 1-5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol.

8. The high-quality rice planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-toxic pesticide in S6 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of tricyclazole, 5-10 parts of validamycin, 8-16 parts of avermectin, 10-20 parts of chlorantraniliprole, and 30-40 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.