Method for realizing skull drilling
By using three different skull drill bits to drill holes one after another, the problem of the skull drill bit in the prior art cannot penetrate and loose plate barriers is solved, and the effective and thorough drilling of the skull is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411966450.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-21
AI Technical Summary
When existing skull drill bits encounter loose plate barriers during drilling, they cannot effectively penetrate the skull, resulting in the drilling stopping early, and the effective drilling of the skull cannot be achieved.
Three different skull drills are used to drill holes successively: the first skull drill is used for pre-drilling, the second skull drill is used to penetrate the outer plate, and the third skull drill is used to penetrate the inner plate. The first and third skull drills have strong cutting capabilities, while the second skull drills have a blunt design that can squeeze and continue to move forward at the plate barrier.
Through this method, it can effectively penetrate all levels of the skull, achieving thorough drilling and effective drilling of the skull.
Smart Images
Figure CN119488333A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of medical drilling, and in particular to a method for achieving skull drilling. Background Art
[0002] The skull plays an important role in the human body. It can connect the internal and external structures of the skull, protect brain tissue, prevent external impact, maintain intracranial pressure, etc. The skull is divided into an inner plate, an outer plate, and a diaphragm. The inner plate refers to the cortical bone inside close to the brain substance, and the outer plate refers to the cortical bone outside the skull. Both the inner and outer plates are hard cortical bones with high hardness. There is a layer of cancellous bone between the inner and outer plates called the diaphragm, which is honeycomb-shaped and can reduce external impact. The diaphragm is a spongy bone, generally distributed on the inner side of the cortical bone, and is composed of interwoven trabeculae. The arrangement direction of the trabeculae is consistent with the direction of pressure on the bone, so that the bone can withstand a larger weight.
[0003] In some skull surgery studies, a skull drill is usually used to drill a hole in the skull. Currently, conventional skull drills generally include an inner drill and an outer drill that is sleeved outside the inner drill. There is a height difference between the front ends of the inner drill and the outer drill so that a bone pad for support is formed at the front end of the outer drill during the drilling process. Cutting edges are provided around the inner and outer drills. When the skull drill is used to drill a hole in the skull, when the inner drill encounters a loose plate barrier, the resistance in front of the inner drill disappears, but the skull is not drilled through, causing the drilling to stop prematurely, resulting in the problem of not being able to effectively drill through the skull. Summary of the invention
[0004] In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for achieving skull drilling, so as to at least solve the problem that the existing skull drill bit cannot achieve effective skull drilling.
[0005] The present invention solves the above technical problems by the following technical means:
[0006] The present invention provides a method for achieving skull drilling, comprising the following steps:
[0007] Drilling a hole in the ex vivo skull using a first skull drill, wherein the first skull drill comprises a first inner drill and a first outer drill, wherein the cutting capacity of the first inner drill is greater than or equal to the cutting capacity of the first outer drill;
[0008] When the first skull drill reaches the plate barrier of the skull and cannot continue to drill, taking out the first skull drill;
[0009] Continue drilling with a second skull drill bit until the second skull drill bit drills through the outer plate of the skull, then remove the second skull drill bit, wherein the second skull drill bit includes a second inner drill bit and a second outer drill bit, the distal end of the second inner drill bit has no effective cutting edge, the cutting ability of the second inner drill bit is weaker than that of the first outer drill bit, and the relative position between the second inner drill bit and the second outer drill bit remains unchanged during drilling;
[0010] The drilling is continued using a third skull drill bit until the inner plate of the skull is drilled through, wherein the third skull drill bit comprises a third inner drill bit and a third outer drill bit, wherein the cutting capacity of the third inner drill bit is greater than or equal to the cutting capacity of the third outer drill bit.
[0011] Preferably, there is a height difference H1 between the bone drilling contact end face of the first inner drill bit and the bone drilling contact end face of the first outer drill bit; there is a height difference H2 between the bone drilling contact end face of the second inner drill bit and the bone drilling contact end face of the second outer drill bit; there is a height difference H3 between the bone drilling end face of the third inner drill bit and the bone drilling end face of the third outer drill bit, and H3≥H1>H2.
[0012] Preferably, the second inner drill bit and the second outer drill bit are integrally formed or threadedly connected.
[0013] Preferably, the second inner drill bit is elastically connected to the second outer drill bit, and when the second inner drill bit is pressurized, it moves toward the inside of the second outer drill bit and always keeps the end face of the second inner drill bit beyond the bone drilling contact end face of the second outer drill bit.
[0014] Preferably, the outer side wall of the second inner drill bit is a smooth outer wall, and the inner drill bit is a cylinder.
[0015] Preferably, the bone-drilling contact end surface of the second inner drill bit is a blunt plane, a curved surface, or an inclined surface.
[0016] Preferably, the height difference H2 between the bone drilling contact end surfaces of the second inner drill bit and the second outer drill bit is 0.5-2.5 mm.
[0017] Preferably, the second outer drill bit is provided with at least two outer cutting edges, and the at least two outer cutting edges are evenly distributed on the second outer drill bit.
[0018] Preferably, the first skull drill bit and the third skull drill bit are the same skull drill bit.
[0019] Preferably, there is a height difference H3 between the bone drilling contact end surfaces of the third inner drill bit and the third outer drill bit, where H3 = 3.3-4.5 mm.
[0020] The method for achieving skull drilling of the present invention uses a first skull drill bit to pre-drill a hole in an ex vivo skull. However, when the first inner drill bit encounters a loose plate barrier, the resistance in front of the first inner drill bit disappears, but the skull is not drilled through, causing the drilling to stop prematurely. Therefore, a second skull drill bit with a blunt second inner drill bit is used to continue drilling. The second inner drill bit has no cutting ability or has a weak cutting ability, but it can squeeze the plate barrier (the plate barrier is very soft) and continue to move forward until the second outer drill bit completely drills through the outer plate of the skull. However, since the second inner drill bit is blunt in design, it is difficult to drill through the inner plate of the skull. Therefore, a third skull drill bit with a stronger cutting ability is used to continue drilling, and then the skull is completely drilled through, thereby achieving effective skull drilling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for achieving skull drilling of the present invention;
[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of bone drilling executed to step S4;
[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second skull drill;
[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first skull drill;
[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third skull drill;
[0026] Figure 6 is a picture of a large bone plate of cattle obtained by executing step S1;
[0027] Figure 7 is a picture of a large cow bone plate obtained by executing steps S2 and S3;
[0028] Figure 8 is a picture of a large bone plate of cattle obtained by executing step S4;
[0029] Among them, the first skull drill bit 100, the first inner drill bit 110, the first outer drill bit 120, the second skull drill bit 200, the second inner drill bit 210, the second outer drill bit 220, the outer cutting edge 221, the third skull drill bit 300, the third inner drill bit 310, the third outer drill bit 320, the inner plate 001, the outer plate 002, and the plate barrier 003. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0031] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims herein are used to distinguish different objects rather than to describe a specific order of objects. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "multiple" refers to two or more, for example, multiple processing units refer to two or more processing units, etc., multiple elements refer to two or more elements, etc.
[0032] In the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of the present application should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a specific way.
[0033] Please refer to Figure 2 The skull is divided into an inner plate 001, an outer plate 002 and a plate barrier 003. The inner plate 001 refers to the cortical bone inside the skull close to the brain substance, and the outer plate 002 refers to the cortical bone outside the skull. Both the inner plate 001 and the outer plate 002 are hard cortical bones with relatively high hardness. There is a layer of cancellous bone between the inner plate 001 and the outer plate 002, called the plate barrier 003, which is honeycomb-shaped, loose and soft, and can reduce external impact. When a conventional skull drill is drilling a hole in the skull, when the inner drill bit encounters the loose plate barrier 003, the resistance in front of the inner drill bit disappears, but the skull is not drilled through, causing the drilling to stop prematurely, and the skull cannot be effectively drilled through.
[0034] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application discloses a method for achieving skull drilling, please refer to Figure 1 , the method for implementing the skull drilling machine comprises the following steps:
[0035] Step S1, using the first skull drill 100 to drill a hole in the skull. Figure 4 The first skull drill bit 100 includes a first inner drill bit 110 and a first outer drill bit 120 , and the cutting capacity of the first inner drill bit 110 is greater than or equal to the cutting capacity of the first outer drill bit 120 .
[0036] Step S2, when the first skull drill bit 100 drills to the skull plate barrier and cannot continue to drill, the first skull drill bit 100 is removed.
[0037] Step S3, continue drilling with the second skull drill 200 until the second skull drill 200 drills through the outer plate of the skull, and then remove the second skull drill 200. Figure 3 The second skull drill bit 200 includes a second inner drill bit 210 and a second outer drill bit 220 . The cutting ability of the second inner drill bit 210 is weaker than that of the second outer drill bit 220 . The cutting ability of the second inner drill bit 210 is weaker than that of the first outer drill bit 120 .
[0038] Step S4, continue drilling with the third skull drill bit 300 until the inner plate of the skull is drilled through. Figure 5 The third skull drill bit 300 includes a third inner drill bit 310 and a third outer drill bit 320 , and the cutting capacity of the third inner drill bit 310 is greater than or equal to the cutting capacity of the third outer drill bit 320 .
[0039] In the above steps S1-S4, there is a height difference H1 between the bone drilling contact end face of the first inner drill bit 110 and the bone drilling contact end face of the first outer drill bit 120; there is a height difference H2 between the bone drilling contact end face of the second inner drill bit 210 and the bone drilling contact end face of the second outer drill bit 220; there is a height difference H3 between the bone drilling contact end face of the third inner drill bit 310 and the bone drilling contact end face of the third outer drill bit 320, H3≥H1>H2>0. Generally, H2=(1 / 3~2 / 3)*H1 is selected. The bone drilling contact end face refers to the end face that first contacts the bone when drilling the bone. The outer diameter of the first inner drill bit 110 is smaller than the outer diameter of the first outer drill bit 120, the outer diameter of the second inner drill bit 210 is smaller than the outer diameter of the second outer drill bit 220, and the outer diameter of the third inner drill bit 310 is smaller than the outer diameter of the third outer drill bit 320.
[0040] In the above steps S1-S4, please refer to Figure 3, the second inner drill bit 210 and the second outer drill bit 220 in the second skull drill bit 200 can rotate synchronously at the same speed, but during the bone drilling process, the bone drilling contact end face of the second inner drill bit 210 always exceeds the bone drilling contact end face of the second outer drill bit 220, that is, the bone drilling contact end face of the second inner drill bit 210 and the bone drilling contact end face of the second outer drill bit 220 always maintain a certain distance. The relative position between the second inner drill bit 210 and the second outer drill bit 220 remains unchanged during drilling, that is, there is no relative movement between the second inner drill bit 210 and the second outer drill bit 220 during drilling. The distal end of the second inner drill bit 210 has no effective cutting edge, and the distal end here refers to the end that contacts the bone during bone drilling. The second inner drill bit 210 adopts a bladeless design, or the second inner drill bit 210 has a blunt cutting edge, the purpose of which is to cut part of the loose plate barrier, but the cutting ability of the cutting edge on the second inner drill bit 210 is always weaker than that of the second outer drill bit 220. The second inner drill bit 210 does not have the ability to cut and drill bones on the harder inner plate 001 or outer plate 002 .
[0041] Specifically, in some embodiments, in order to make the second inner drill bit 210 and the second outer drill bit 220 rotate synchronously at the same speed, and to keep the relative position between the second inner drill bit 210 and the second outer drill bit 220 unchanged during drilling, the second inner drill bit 210 and the second outer drill bit 220 are integrally formed. Or in other embodiments, the second inner drill bit 210 and the second outer drill bit 220 are threadedly connected. Or other rigid connection methods are used to achieve the second inner drill bit 210 and the second outer drill bit 220 to rotate synchronously at the same speed. Alternatively, one end of the second inner drill bit 210 can be movably inserted into the second outer drill bit 220, and the second inner drill bit 210 can slide along the axial direction of the second outer drill bit 220. The second inner drill bit 210 and the second outer drill bit 220 are elastically connected, and a spring is connected between one end of the second inner drill bit 210 and the second outer drill bit 220. When the end face of the second inner drill bit 210 is pressurized, the second inner drill bit 210 will slide toward the inside of the second outer drill bit 220. However, during the bone drilling process, no matter how far the second inner drill bit 210 slides toward the inside of the second outer drill bit 220, the other end of the second inner drill bit 210 will always exceed the bone drilling contact end face of the second outer drill bit 220.
[0042] In some embodiments, the outer wall of the second inner drill bit 210 is a smooth outer wall, and the second inner drill bit 210 adopts a blunt design without an edge. The second inner drill bit 210 is a cylindrical structure as a whole, so that it has no cutting ability. In addition, in order to prevent the second inner drill bit 210 from excessively damaging the skull plate barrier, the bone drilling contact end surface of the second inner drill bit 210 is designed to be a blunt, smooth plane or arc surface or inclined surface.
[0043] In some embodiments, at least two outer cutting edges 221 are provided on the second outer drill bit 220, and the at least two outer cutting edges 221 are evenly distributed on the second outer drill bit 220. The outer cutting edges 221 on the second outer drill bit 220 can be two or three or more. The outer cutting edges 221 on the second outer drill bit 220 can adopt existing conventional designs, and relevant details are not given here. The outer cutting edges 221 can realize cutting of the harder outer plate 002.
[0044] In some other embodiments, the second inner drill bit 210 has an inner cutting edge, but the cutting ability of the inner cutting edge is always weaker than that of the outer cutting edge 221 .
[0045] In the above steps S1-S4, the first skull drill bit 100 and the third skull drill bit 300 are the same skull drill bit, that is, the first skull drill bit 100 can be used to replace the third skull drill bit 300 to perform step S4. The first skull drill bit 100 is an existing conventional skull drill bit, which must meet the requirement that the cutting capacity of the first inner drill bit 110 is greater than or the same as the cutting capacity of the first outer drill bit 120. The specific structure is not elaborated herein.
[0046] In the above steps S1-S4, in other embodiments, please refer to Figure 5 , H3-H1=0.3-1.5mm, the first skull drill 100 is generally a conventional skull drill, and its H1 is generally 3mm, so the height difference H3 between the bone drilling contact end faces of the third inner drill 310 and the third outer drill 320 in the third skull drill 300 is 3.3-4.5mm. In this embodiment, the other structural designs of the first skull drill 100 and the third skull drill 300 can be the same or different, but both need to satisfy H3-H1=0.3-1.5mm.
[0047] The skull drilling method of the present application was tested, and fresh bovine bone plates were selected. The loose interlayer in the middle of the bovine bone was thicker, and the two sides of the loose interlayer were hard bone cortexes. The first skull drill bit (conventional drill), as well as the first skull drill bit (H1=3.0mm), the second skull drill bit (H2=1.5mm) and the first skull drill bit in combination, and the first skull drill bit (H1=3.0mm), the second skull drill bit (H2=1.5mm) and the third skull drill bit (H3=4.2mm, the rest of the structure of the third skull drill bit is the same as the first skull drill bit) were used to drill holes in the bovine bone plates. Please see Table 1 for the results.
[0048]
[0049] Table 1
[0050] In order to verify the drilling effect of the method for achieving skull drilling in the present invention, a piece of isolated bovine bone plate was taken again, and the first skull drill bit (conventional drill, H1=3.0 mm) was used to drill holes in the bovine bone plate. A total of 9 holes with serial numbers ①-⑨ were drilled. For pictures of the holes drilled using the first skull drill bit, please refer to Figure 6 .from Figure 6 It can be seen that the first skull drill did not drill through the bovine bone plate and stopped when encountering a loose interlayer. The outer hard bone pad formed by the drilling of the first skull drill can be clearly seen.
[0051] Later in Figure 6 Use the second skull drill bit to continue drilling holes at the positions of holes ①-⑨ until the drilling stops. The pictures of the bovine bone plates obtained by drilling are shown in the figure below. Figure 7 As shown. Figure 7 It can be seen that after drilling with the first skull drill bit, the second skull drill bit was used to drill, but the bovine bone plate was still not drilled through. However, the outer hard bone pad formed by drilling with the first skull drill bit was obviously cut and thinned by the second outer drill bit, or even disappeared.
[0052] Finally Figure 7 Use the first skull drill bit to drill holes in the middle sequence ①-⑤ until the big bone plate is drilled through. Figure 7 The third skull drill bit (H3 = 4.2 mm, the rest of the structure of the third skull drill bit is the same as the first skull drill bit) is used to continue drilling holes at the positions of the holes No. ⑥-⑨ until the bovine bone plate is drilled through. The pictures of the bovine bone plate obtained by drilling are shown in the figure below. Figure 8 As shown. Figure 8 It can be seen that the big bone plate has been completely drilled through, and the tabletop below the big bone plate can be clearly seen through the drilled hole. Therefore, the method for achieving skull drilling in the present application can completely drill through the skull and achieve effective skull drilling.
[0053] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention. The techniques, shapes, and structural parts not described in detail in the present invention are all known technologies.
Claims
1. A method for achieving skull drilling, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Drilling a hole in the ex vivo skull using a first skull drill, wherein the first skull drill comprises a first inner drill and a first outer drill, wherein the cutting capacity of the first inner drill is greater than or equal to the cutting capacity of the first outer drill; When the first skull drill reaches the plate barrier of the skull and cannot continue to drill, taking out the first skull drill; Continue drilling with a second skull drill bit until the second skull drill bit drills through the outer plate of the skull, then remove the second skull drill bit, wherein the second skull drill bit includes a second inner drill bit and a second outer drill bit, the distal end of the second inner drill bit has no effective cutting edge, and the relative position between the second inner drill bit and the second outer drill bit remains unchanged during drilling; The drilling is continued using a third skull drill bit until the inner plate of the skull is drilled through, wherein the third skull drill bit comprises a third inner drill bit and a third outer drill bit, wherein the cutting capacity of the third inner drill bit is greater than or equal to the cutting capacity of the third outer drill bit.
2. A method for achieving skull drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is a height difference H1 between the bone drilling contact end surface of the first inner drill bit and the bone drilling contact end surface of the first outer drill bit; there is a height difference H2 between the bone drilling contact end surface of the second inner drill bit and the bone drilling contact end surface of the second outer drill bit; there is a height difference H3 between the bone drilling contact end surface of the third inner drill bit and the bone drilling contact end surface of the third outer drill bit, H3≥H1>H2.
3. A method for achieving skull drilling according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second inner drill bit and the second outer drill bit are integrally formed or threadedly connected.
4. A method for achieving skull drilling according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second inner drill bit is elastically connected to the second outer drill bit. When the second inner drill bit is pressed, it moves toward the inside of the second outer drill bit and always keeps the end face of the second inner drill bit beyond the bone drilling contact end face of the second outer drill bit.
5. A method for achieving skull drilling according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The outer side wall of the second inner drill bit is a smooth outer wall, and the inner drill bit is a cylinder.
6. A method for achieving skull drilling according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bone drilling contact end surface of the second inner drill bit is a blunt plane, a curved surface or an inclined surface.
7. A method for achieving skull drilling according to claim 2, characterized in that: The height difference H2 between the bone drilling contact end surfaces of the second inner drill bit and the second outer drill bit is 0.5-2.5 mm.
8. A method for achieving skull drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second outer drill bit is provided with at least two outer cutting edges, and the at least two outer cutting edges are evenly distributed on the second outer drill bit.
9. A method for achieving skull drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first skull drill bit and the third skull drill bit are the same skull drill bit.
10. A method for achieving skull drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is a height difference H3 between the bone drilling contact end surfaces of the third inner drill bit and the third outer drill bit, where H3 = 3.3-4.5 mm.