Steering column structure, steering column assembly and commercial vehicle

Abstract

The present invention discloses a steering column structure, a steering column assembly, and a commercial vehicle, relating to the technical field of vehicle structures. The steering column structure comprises a steering column bracket, a steering column body, and a steering column fixing member. The steering column bracket is provided with a guide slot; the steering column body is provided with a mounting hole that cooperates with the guide slot; the steering column fixing member is provided with a fixed shaft, and the steering column fixing member is used to pass the fixed shaft through the guide slot and the mounting hole to fix the steering column body to the steering column bracket. When the vehicle is involved in a head-on collision, the steering column body and the steering wheel push the fixed shaft forward along the guide slot and then downward. When the vehicle is involved in a head-on collision, the present invention can keep the steering wheel as far away from the driver of the commercial vehicle as possible, thereby increasing the safety margin.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of vehicle structures, and in particular to a steering column structure, a steering column assembly and a commercial vehicle. Background Art

[0002] When a vehicle is involved in a severe head-on collision, the rigid steering column may cause secondary damage to the driver. Therefore, a collapsible steering column design is required. The purpose of a collapsible steering column design is to minimize the risk of serious injury to the driver from components such as the steering wheel and steering column in the event of a severe collision. The working principle is that in the event of a severe collision, the collapsible steering column automatically collapses and deforms, increasing the distance between the steering wheel, steering column, and the driver, or disengaging the steering mechanism to increase the driver's survival space and disperse some of the impact force transmitted from the steering column to the human body.

[0003] With the continuous advancement of automotive safety technology, the design of steering column collision crush structures is also being continuously improved and refined to better protect driver safety. Among them, the collapsible steering column of a car adopts a telescopic structure. The steering wheel and steering column of a car are oriented towards the driver. In the event of a collision, the telescopic crush structure of the steering column on the car will move the steering wheel away from the human body, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting the human body. This design can meet the collision protection requirements of cars, but it is difficult to apply this structure to commercial vehicles. Because the steering gear is arranged differently in commercial vehicles than in cars, the horizontal inclination angle of the steering column in commercial vehicles is different, resulting in a different angle of the steering wheel relative to the human body. Shortening the steering column only lowers the steering wheel position, but does not move it away from the human body, thus limiting its protection effect on the driver. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Embodiments of the present invention provide a steering column structure, a steering column assembly, and a commercial vehicle to solve the technical problem in the related art that the existing steering column adopts a telescopic collapse structure and is difficult to protect the driver of the commercial vehicle from collision.

[0005] In a first aspect, a steering column structure is provided, the steering column structure comprising:

[0006] A steering column bracket provided with a guide slot;

[0007] A steering column body, which is provided with a mounting hole that cooperates with the guide slot;

[0008] A steering column fixing member, which is provided with a fixed shaft, and is used to fix the steering column body and the steering column bracket by passing the fixed shaft through the guide slot and the mounting hole;

[0009] When the vehicle collides head-on, the steering column body together with the steering wheel pushes the fixed shaft to move forward along the guide slot and then move downward.

[0010] In some embodiments, the guide chute includes an arc-shaped portion along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and a recessed portion provided at a front end of the arc-shaped portion;

[0011] When the vehicle collides head-on, the steering column body together with the steering wheel pushes the fixed shaft to move forward along the arc-shaped portion, and then moves downward from the front end of the arc-shaped portion along the recessed portion.

[0012] In some embodiments, the arc-shaped portion is provided with a protrusion on the rear side of the recessed portion.

[0013] In some embodiments, the height C of the protrusion satisfies 0.3B≤C≤0.4B, where B is the width of the guide groove.

[0014] In some embodiments, the width of the guide groove is equal to the diameter of the fixed shaft.

[0015] In some embodiments, the bending gap D at the root of the raised side satisfies D≥3t and D≥B; wherein t is the material thickness of the guide groove.

[0016] In some embodiments, the steering column bracket includes two steering column mounting plates arranged along the transverse direction of the vehicle, and the guide grooves are symmetrically provided on each of the steering column mounting plates.

[0017] In some embodiments, the steering column fixing member further includes a handle movably connected to the fixed shaft, and a nut is provided at one end of the handle close to the fixed shaft, and the nut is threadedly connected to the fixed shaft.

[0018] In a second aspect, a steering column assembly is provided, comprising the aforementioned steering column structure.

[0019] In a third aspect, a commercial vehicle is provided, comprising the aforementioned steering column assembly.

[0020] The beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution provided by the present invention include:

[0021] An embodiment of the present invention provides a steering column structure, a steering column assembly, and a commercial vehicle. The steering column structure includes a steering column bracket, a steering column body, and a steering column fixing member. A guide slot is provided on the steering column bracket. A fixed shaft of the steering column fixing member passes through the guide slot to fix the steering column body and the steering column bracket. When the vehicle is involved in a head-on collision, the steering column body and the steering wheel push the fixed shaft along the guide slot to move forward and then downward, so that the steering wheel is as far away as possible from the driver of the commercial vehicle, thereby increasing the safety space. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a steering column structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a steering column fixing member provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the movement of a steering column structure after a collision provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a guide chute provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 The embodiment of the present invention provides Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of the dotted box;

[0028] Figure 6 Another schematic diagram of a guide chute provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Reference numerals:

[0030] 1. Steering column bracket; 11. Steering column mounting plate; 111. Guide groove; 1111. Arc-shaped portion; 1112. Concave portion; 1113. Protrusion;

[0031] 2. Steering column body; 21. Mounting hole;

[0032] 3. Steering column fixing; 31. Fixed shaft; 32. Handle; 321. Nut;

[0033] 4. Steering wheel;

[0034] 5. Body sheet metal;

[0035] 6. Front panel connecting bracket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] An embodiment of the present invention provides a steering column structure, which can solve the technical problem that the existing steering column structure adopts a telescopic collapse structure and is difficult to provide collision protection for the driver of a commercial vehicle.

[0038] See also Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a steering column structure, which includes: a steering column bracket 1, a steering column body 2 and a steering column fixing member 3.

[0039] See also Figure 1 As shown, the steering column bracket 1 is provided with a guide slot 111. Specifically, the steering column bracket 1 comprises two steering column mounting plates 11 arranged along the transverse direction of the vehicle, and each steering column mounting plate 11 is symmetrically provided with the guide slot 111.

[0040] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the steering column body 2 is provided with a mounting hole 21 that cooperates with the guide slot 111. The steering column fixing member 3 is provided with a fixing shaft 31, and the steering column fixing member 3 is used to fix the steering column body 2 and the steering column bracket 1 by passing the fixing shaft 31 through the guide slot 111 and the mounting hole 21.

[0041] When the vehicle encounters a head-on collision, the steering column body 2 together with the steering wheel 4 pushes the fixed shaft 31 to move forward along the guide slot 111 and then move downward.

[0042] Specifically, see Figure 3As shown, the steering wheel 4 is in position A1 during normal use. When the vehicle is involved in a head-on collision, the steering column body 2 together with the steering wheel 4 pushes the fixed shaft 31 forward along the guide slot 111, from position A1 through position A2 to position A3, and then moves downward from position A3 to position A4. At position A3, the steering wheel 4 is farther from the human body in front and behind than at position A2, increasing the front and rear safety space. On this basis, the height of the steering wheel 4 at position A4 is lowered relative to that at position A3, allowing the steering wheel 4 to move further away from the human chest, further increasing the safety space. Because the driver's body leans forward during a collision and the collision impact is transmitted in the front and rear direction, the design amount of the front and rear survival space is prioritized. On this basis, the survival space in the upper and lower directions is further optimized, and the design path is position A1-position A2-position A3-position A4.

[0043] The steering column structure in an embodiment of the present invention includes a steering column bracket, a steering column body, and a steering column fixing member. A guide slot is provided on the steering column bracket, and a fixed shaft of the steering column fixing member passes through the guide slot to fix the steering column body and the steering column bracket. When the vehicle is involved in a head-on collision, the steering column body and the steering wheel push the fixed shaft to move forward and then downward along the guide slot, so that the steering wheel is as far away from the driver of the commercial vehicle as possible, thereby increasing the safety space.

[0044] As an optional implementation, in one embodiment of the invention, see Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the guide slot 111 includes an arcuate portion 1111 along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and a recessed portion 1112 provided at the front end of the arcuate portion.

[0045] When the vehicle encounters a head-on collision, the steering column body 2 together with the steering wheel 4 pushes the fixed shaft 31 to move forward along the arc portion 1111 , and then moves downward from the front end of the arc portion 1111 along the recessed portion 1112 .

[0046] Specifically, see Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the steering wheel 4 is in position A1 during normal use, and the corresponding fixed shaft 31 is in position B1. When the vehicle is involved in a head-on collision, the impact force is transmitted from the front of the vehicle to the body sheet metal 5, the front wall connecting bracket 6, and the steering column bracket 1 in sequence. The steering wheel 4 moves to position A2, and the fixed shaft 31 is in position B2. The fixed shaft 31 then moves to position B3, and the steering wheel 4 simultaneously moves to position A3. Then, under the action of its own weight and reaction force, the fixed shaft 31 retreats and moves downward along the lower recess 1112 to position B4, and the steering wheel 4 simultaneously moves to position A4. In position A3, the steering wheel 4 is further away from the human body than in position A2, increasing the front-to-back safety space. On this basis, the height of the steering wheel 4 in position A4 is lowered relative to position A3, moving the steering wheel 4 further away from the human chest, further increasing the safety space. Because the driver leans forward during a collision and the impact is transmitted in the front-to-back direction, the design prioritizes ensuring front-to-back survival space. On this basis, the vertical survival space is further optimized, with the design path being Position A1 - Position A2 - Position A3 - Position A4. This simple structure offers low manufacturing costs and strong applicability and feasibility.

[0047] As an optional implementation, in one embodiment of the invention, see Figure 4 As shown, the arcuate portion is provided with a protrusion 1113 on the rear side of the recessed portion 1112. The protrusion 1113 is equivalent to setting a collision impact force threshold. In the event of a head-on collision, if the collision impact force is small, less than the collision impact force threshold, the protection mechanism of the fixed shaft 31 moving forward and then downward along the guide slot 111 is not triggered. If the collision impact force is excessive, exceeding the collision impact force threshold, the protection mechanism of the fixed shaft 31 moving forward and then downward along the guide slot 111 is triggered again, thereby preventing the aforementioned protection mechanism from being accidentally triggered.

[0048] When the vehicle collides head-on, the impact force is transmitted from the front of the vehicle to the body sheet metal 5, the front connecting bracket 6, and the steering column bracket 1 in sequence. The steering wheel 4 moves to position A2, and the fixed shaft 31 is at position B2. At this time, the fixed shaft 31 contacts the protrusion 1113. When the impact force exceeds the critical value, the fixed shaft 31 breaks through the protrusion 1113 and moves to position B3. The steering wheel moves synchronously to position A3. Then, under the action of its own weight and reaction force, the fixed shaft 31 retreats and moves downward along the lower recess 1112 to position B4, and the steering wheel 4 moves synchronously to position A4.

[0049] As an optional implementation, in one embodiment of the invention, see Figure 6As shown, the height C of the protrusion 1113 satisfies 0.3B≤C≤0.4B, where B is the width of the guide slot 111. The height of the protrusion 1113 should not be too high. When the height C of the protrusion 1113 satisfies 0.3B≤C≤0.4B, the fixed shaft 31 can smoothly break through the protrusion 1113 in the event of a head-on collision when the impact force exceeds a critical value.

[0050] As an optional implementation, in one embodiment of the invention, see Figure 6 As shown, the width of the guide slot 111 is equal to the diameter of the fixed shaft 31 . This arrangement can avoid loosening and abnormal noise between the guide slot 111 and the fixed shaft 31 as much as possible.

[0051] As an optional implementation, in one embodiment of the invention, see Figure 6 As shown, the bending clearance D at the base of the protrusion 1113 satisfies D ≥ 3t and D ≥ B, where t is the material thickness of the guide groove 111. This configuration allows the protrusion 1113 to bend and deform smoothly, facilitating the fixed shaft 31 to break through the protrusion 1113 when the impact force exceeds a critical value.

[0052] As an optional implementation, in one embodiment of the invention, see Figure 2 As shown, the steering column fixing member 3 also includes a handle 32 movably connected to the fixed shaft 31. A nut 321 is provided at one end of the handle 32 close to the fixed shaft 31. The nut 321 is threadedly connected to the fixed shaft 31. By rotating the nut 321 of the handle 32, the fixed position of the steering column body 2 and the steering column bracket 1 can be adjusted as needed.

[0053] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a steering column assembly, including the aforementioned steering column structure. Figure 1 As shown, the steering column structure includes: a steering column bracket 1, a steering column body 2 and a steering column fixing member 3.

[0054] See also Figure 1 As shown, the steering column bracket 1 is provided with a guide slot 111. Specifically, the steering column bracket 1 comprises two steering column mounting plates 11 arranged along the transverse direction of the vehicle, and each steering column mounting plate 11 is symmetrically provided with the guide slot 111.

[0055] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the steering column body 2 is provided with a mounting hole 21 that cooperates with the guide slot 111. The steering column fixing member 3 is provided with a fixing shaft 31, and the steering column fixing member 3 is used to fix the steering column body 2 and the steering column bracket 1 by passing the fixing shaft 31 through the guide slot 111 and the mounting hole 21.

[0056] When the vehicle encounters a head-on collision, the steering column body 2 together with the steering wheel 4 pushes the fixed shaft 31 to move forward along the guide slot 111 and then move downward.

[0057] Specifically, see Figure 3 As shown, the steering wheel 4 is in position A1 during normal use. When the vehicle is involved in a head-on collision, the steering column body 2 together with the steering wheel 4 pushes the fixed shaft 31 forward along the guide slot 111, from position A1 through position A2 to position A3, and then moves downward from position A3 to position A4. At position A3, the steering wheel 4 is farther from the human body in front and behind than at position A2, increasing the front and rear safety space. On this basis, the height of the steering wheel 4 at position A4 is lowered relative to that at position A3, allowing the steering wheel 4 to move further away from the human chest, further increasing the safety space. Because the driver's body leans forward during a collision and the collision impact is transmitted in the front and rear direction, the design amount of the front and rear survival space is prioritized. On this basis, the survival space in the upper and lower directions is further optimized, and the design path is position A1-position A2-position A3-position A4.

[0058] The steering column assembly in the embodiment of the present invention has a steering column structure including a steering column bracket, a steering column body, and a steering column fixing member. A guide slot is provided on the steering column bracket, and a fixed shaft of the steering column fixing member passes through the guide slot to fix the steering column body and the steering column bracket. When the vehicle is involved in a head-on collision, the steering column body and the steering wheel push the fixed shaft to move forward and then downward along the guide slot, so that the steering wheel is as far away as possible from the driver of the commercial vehicle, thereby increasing the safety space.

[0059] As an optional implementation, in one embodiment of the invention, see Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the guide slot 111 includes an arcuate portion 1111 along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and a recessed portion 1112 provided at the front end of the arcuate portion.

[0060] When the vehicle encounters a head-on collision, the steering column body 2 together with the steering wheel 4 pushes the fixed shaft 31 to move forward along the arc portion 1111 , and then moves downward from the front end of the arc portion 1111 along the recessed portion 1112 .

[0061] Specifically, see Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the steering wheel 4 is in position A1 during normal use, and the corresponding fixed shaft 31 is in position B1. When the vehicle is involved in a head-on collision, the impact force is transmitted from the front of the vehicle to the body sheet metal 5, the front wall connecting bracket 6, and the steering column bracket 1 in sequence. The steering wheel 4 moves to position A2, and the fixed shaft 31 is in position B2. The fixed shaft 31 then moves to position B3, and the steering wheel 4 simultaneously moves to position A3. Then, under the action of its own weight and reaction force, the fixed shaft 31 retreats and moves downward along the lower recess 1112 to position B4, and the steering wheel 4 simultaneously moves to position A4. In position A3, the steering wheel 4 is further away from the human body than in position A2, increasing the front-to-back safety space. On this basis, the height of the steering wheel 4 in position A4 is lowered relative to position A3, moving the steering wheel 4 further away from the human chest, further increasing the safety space. Because the driver leans forward during a collision and the impact is transmitted in the front-to-back direction, the design prioritizes ensuring front-to-back survival space. On this basis, the vertical survival space is further optimized, with the design path being Position A1 - Position A2 - Position A3 - Position A4. This simple structure offers low manufacturing costs and strong applicability and feasibility.

[0062] As an optional implementation, in one embodiment of the invention, see Figure 4 As shown, the arcuate portion is provided with a protrusion 1113 on the rear side of the recessed portion 1112. The protrusion 1113 is equivalent to setting a collision impact force threshold. In the event of a head-on collision, if the collision impact force is small, less than the collision impact force threshold, the protection mechanism of the fixed shaft 31 moving forward and then downward along the guide slot 111 is not triggered. If the collision impact force is excessive, exceeding the collision impact force threshold, the protection mechanism of the fixed shaft 31 moving forward and then downward along the guide slot 111 is triggered again, thereby preventing the aforementioned protection mechanism from being accidentally triggered.

[0063] When the vehicle collides head-on, the impact force is transmitted from the front of the vehicle to the body sheet metal 5, the front connecting bracket 6, and the steering column bracket 1 in sequence. The steering wheel 4 moves to position A2, and the fixed shaft 31 is at position B2. At this time, the fixed shaft 31 contacts the protrusion 1113. When the impact force exceeds the critical value, the fixed shaft 31 breaks through the protrusion 1113 and moves to position B3. The steering wheel moves synchronously to position A3. Then, under the action of its own weight and reaction force, the fixed shaft 31 retreats and moves downward along the lower recess 1112 to position B4, and the steering wheel 4 moves synchronously to position A4.

[0064] As an optional implementation, in one embodiment of the invention, see Figure 6As shown, the height C of the protrusion 1113 satisfies 0.3B≤C≤0.4B, where B is the width of the guide slot 111. The height of the protrusion 1113 should not be too high. When the height C of the protrusion 1113 satisfies 0.3B≤C≤0.4B, the fixed shaft 31 can smoothly break through the protrusion 1113 in the event of a head-on collision when the impact force exceeds a critical value.

[0065] As an optional implementation, in one embodiment of the invention, see Figure 6 As shown, the width of the guide slot 111 is equal to the diameter of the fixed shaft 31 . This arrangement can avoid loosening and abnormal noise between the guide slot 111 and the fixed shaft 31 as much as possible.

[0066] As an optional implementation, in one embodiment of the invention, see Figure 6 As shown, the bending clearance D at the base of the protrusion 1113 satisfies D ≥ 3t and D ≥ B, where t is the material thickness of the guide groove 111. This configuration allows the protrusion 1113 to bend and deform smoothly, facilitating the fixed shaft 31 to break through the protrusion 1113 when the impact force exceeds a critical value.

[0067] As an optional implementation, in one embodiment of the invention, see Figure 2 As shown, the steering column fixing member 3 also includes a handle 32 movably connected to the fixed shaft 31. A nut 321 is provided at one end of the handle 32 close to the fixed shaft 31. The nut 321 is threadedly connected to the fixed shaft 31. By rotating the nut 321 of the handle 32, the fixed position of the steering column body 2 and the steering column bracket 1 can be adjusted as needed.

[0068] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a commercial vehicle, comprising the aforementioned steering column assembly, wherein the steering column assembly comprises the aforementioned steering column structure. Figure 1 As shown, the steering column structure includes: a steering column bracket 1, a steering column body 2 and a steering column fixing member 3.

[0069] See also Figure 1 As shown, the steering column bracket 1 is provided with a guide slot 111. Specifically, the steering column bracket 1 comprises two steering column mounting plates 11 arranged along the transverse direction of the vehicle, and each steering column mounting plate 11 is symmetrically provided with the guide slot 111.

[0070] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the steering column body 2 is provided with a mounting hole 21 that cooperates with the guide slot 111. The steering column fixing member 3 is provided with a fixing shaft 31, and the steering column fixing member 3 is used to fix the steering column body 2 and the steering column bracket 1 by passing the fixing shaft 31 through the guide slot 111 and the mounting hole 21.

[0071] When the vehicle encounters a head-on collision, the steering column body 2 together with the steering wheel 4 pushes the fixed shaft 31 to move forward along the guide slot 111 and then move downward.

[0072] Specifically, see Figure 3 As shown, the steering wheel 4 is in position A1 during normal use. When the vehicle is involved in a head-on collision, the steering column body 2 together with the steering wheel 4 pushes the fixed shaft 31 forward along the guide slot 111, from position A1 through position A2 to position A3, and then moves downward from position A3 to position A4. At position A3, the steering wheel 4 is farther from the human body in front and behind than at position A2, increasing the front and rear safety space. On this basis, the height of the steering wheel 4 at position A4 is lowered relative to that at position A3, allowing the steering wheel 4 to move further away from the human chest, further increasing the safety space. Because the driver's body leans forward during a collision and the collision impact is transmitted in the front and rear direction, the design amount of the front and rear survival space is prioritized. On this basis, the survival space in the upper and lower directions is further optimized, and the design path is position A1-position A2-position A3-position A4.

[0073] In a commercial vehicle in an embodiment of the present invention, the steering column structure of its steering column assembly includes a steering column bracket, a steering column body, and a steering column fixing member. A guide slot is provided on the steering column bracket, and a fixed shaft of the steering column fixing member passes through the guide slot to fix the steering column body and the steering column bracket. When the vehicle is involved in a head-on collision, the steering column body and the steering wheel push the fixed shaft to move forward and then downward along the guide slot, so that the steering wheel is as far away from the driver of the commercial vehicle as possible, thereby increasing the safety space.

[0074] As an optional implementation, in one embodiment of the invention, see Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the guide slot 111 includes an arcuate portion 1111 along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and a recessed portion 1112 provided at the front end of the arcuate portion.

[0075] When the vehicle encounters a head-on collision, the steering column body 2 together with the steering wheel 4 pushes the fixed shaft 31 to move forward along the arc portion 1111 , and then moves downward from the front end of the arc portion 1111 along the recessed portion 1112 .

[0076] Specifically, see Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the steering wheel 4 is in position A1 during normal use, and the corresponding fixed shaft 31 is in position B1. When the vehicle is involved in a head-on collision, the impact force is transmitted from the front of the vehicle to the body sheet metal 5, the front wall connecting bracket 6, and the steering column bracket 1 in sequence. The steering wheel 4 moves to position A2, and the fixed shaft 31 is in position B2. The fixed shaft 31 then moves to position B3, and the steering wheel 4 simultaneously moves to position A3. Then, under the action of its own weight and reaction force, the fixed shaft 31 retreats and moves downward along the lower recess 1112 to position B4, and the steering wheel 4 simultaneously moves to position A4. In position A3, the steering wheel 4 is further away from the human body than in position A2, increasing the front-to-back safety space. On this basis, the height of the steering wheel 4 in position A4 is lowered relative to position A3, moving the steering wheel 4 further away from the human chest, further increasing the safety space. Because the driver leans forward during a collision and the impact is transmitted in the front-to-back direction, the design prioritizes ensuring front-to-back survival space. On this basis, the vertical survival space is further optimized, with the design path being Position A1 - Position A2 - Position A3 - Position A4. This simple structure offers low manufacturing costs and strong applicability and feasibility.

[0077] As an optional implementation, in one embodiment of the invention, see Figure 4 As shown, the arcuate portion is provided with a protrusion 1113 on the rear side of the recessed portion 1112. The protrusion 1113 is equivalent to setting a collision impact force threshold. In the event of a head-on collision, if the collision impact force is small, less than the collision impact force threshold, the protection mechanism of the fixed shaft 31 moving forward and then downward along the guide slot 111 is not triggered. If the collision impact force is excessive, exceeding the collision impact force threshold, the protection mechanism of the fixed shaft 31 moving forward and then downward along the guide slot 111 is triggered again, thereby preventing the aforementioned protection mechanism from being accidentally triggered.

[0078] When the vehicle collides head-on, the impact force is transmitted from the front of the vehicle to the body sheet metal 5, the front connecting bracket 6, and the steering column bracket 1 in sequence. The steering wheel 4 moves to position A2, and the fixed shaft 31 is at position B2. At this time, the fixed shaft 31 contacts the protrusion 1113. When the impact force exceeds the critical value, the fixed shaft 31 breaks through the protrusion 1113 and moves to position B3. The steering wheel moves synchronously to position A3. Then, under the action of its own weight and reaction force, the fixed shaft 31 retreats and moves downward along the lower recess 1112 to position B4, and the steering wheel 4 moves synchronously to position A4.

[0079] As an optional implementation, in one embodiment of the invention, see Figure 6As shown, the height C of the protrusion 1113 satisfies 0.3B≤C≤0.4B, where B is the width of the guide slot 111. The height of the protrusion 1113 should not be too high. When the height C of the protrusion 1113 satisfies 0.3B≤C≤0.4B, the fixed shaft 31 can smoothly break through the protrusion 1113 in the event of a head-on collision when the impact force exceeds a critical value.

[0080] As an optional implementation, in one embodiment of the invention, see Figure 6 As shown, the width of the guide slot 111 is equal to the diameter of the fixed shaft 31 . This arrangement can avoid loosening and abnormal noise between the guide slot 111 and the fixed shaft 31 as much as possible.

[0081] As an optional implementation, in one embodiment of the invention, see Figure 6 As shown, the bending clearance D at the base of the protrusion 1113 satisfies D ≥ 3t and D ≥ B, where t is the material thickness of the guide groove 111. This configuration allows the protrusion 1113 to bend and deform smoothly, facilitating the fixed shaft 31 to break through the protrusion 1113 when the impact force exceeds a critical value.

[0082] As an optional implementation, in one embodiment of the invention, see Figure 2 As shown, the steering column fixing member 3 also includes a handle 32 movably connected to the fixed shaft 31. A nut 321 is provided at one end of the handle 32 close to the fixed shaft 31. The nut 321 is threadedly connected to the fixed shaft 31. By rotating the nut 321 of the handle 32, the fixed position of the steering column body 2 and the steering column bracket 1 can be adjusted as needed.

[0083] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper" and "lower" is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be internal communication between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0084] It should be noted that, in the present invention, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are merely used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply the existence of any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element.

[0085] The foregoing description is intended only to provide specific embodiments of the present invention, which will enable those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be construed in the widest possible manner consistent with the principles and novel features of the present invention.

Claims

1. A steering column structure, characterized in that: The steering column structure comprises: A steering column bracket (1) provided with a guide slot (111); A steering column body (2) provided with a mounting hole (21) that cooperates with the guide slot (111); A steering column fixing member (3) provided with a fixing shaft (31), the steering column fixing member (3) being used to fix the steering column body (2) and the steering column bracket (1) by passing the fixing shaft (31) through the guide slot (111) and the mounting hole (21); The guide chute (111) comprises an arc-shaped portion (1111) along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and a concave portion (1112) provided at the front end of the arc-shaped portion (1111); the arc-shaped portion is provided with a protrusion (1113) on the rear side of the concave portion (1112); the height C of the protrusion (1113) satisfies 0.3B≤C≤0.4B, wherein B is the width of the guide chute (111); the bending gap D at the side root of the protrusion (1113) satisfies D≥3t and D≥B; wherein t is the material thickness of the guide chute (111); When the vehicle undergoes a forward collision, the steering column body (2) together with the steering wheel (4) pushes the fixed shaft (31) to move forward along the arc-shaped portion (1111), and then moves downward from the front end of the arc-shaped portion (1111) along the recessed portion (1112).

2. The steering column structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the guide slot (111) is equal to the diameter of the fixed shaft (31).

3. The steering column structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steering column bracket (1) comprises two steering column mounting plates (11) arranged transversely of the vehicle, and the guide slots (111) are symmetrically provided on each of the steering column mounting plates (11).

4. The steering column structure according to claim 1, wherein: The steering column fixing member (3) further comprises a handle (32) movably connected to the fixed shaft (31); a nut (321) is provided at one end of the handle (32) close to the fixed shaft (31); and the nut (321) is threadedly connected to the fixed shaft (31).

5. A steering column assembly, characterized in that: The steering column structure comprises the steering column structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. A commercial vehicle, characterized in that: Including the steering column assembly according to claim 5.

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