Internal temperature fluctuation suppression method in operation of liquid metal battery module

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of power grid energy storage batteries, and discloses an internal temperature fluctuation suppression method in operation of a liquid metal battery module. The change of the internal temperature along with time and the internal temperature distribution in the operation process of the liquid metal battery module are obtained; and based on the internal temperature distribution, reducing the discharge rate of the battery in the high-temperature area or adjusting the battery in the high-temperature area to be in a charging working condition, or / and increasing the discharge rate of the battery in the low-temperature area or adjusting the battery in the low-temperature area to be in a discharging working condition. The charging and discharging currents of the liquid metal battery module at different moments are changed, and internal temperature fluctuation suppression is achieved. The temperature change and temperature distribution of the battery pack are obtained by calculating the heat generated in the battery operation process and the external heat dissipation of the battery module, and the problem that the temperature fluctuation range in the module is large is solved by regulating and controlling the charging and discharging working conditions of the liquid metal battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of power grid energy storage batteries, and more specifically, relates to a method for suppressing internal temperature fluctuations during operation of a liquid metal battery module. Background Art

[0002] Liquid metal batteries are a recently proposed, inexpensive and efficient electrochemical energy storage technology, offering a new option for grid-scale energy storage. Liquid metal batteries utilize liquid metal and molten inorganic salts as electrodes and electrolytes, with a liquid / liquid interface between the electrodes and electrolyte. Operating at temperatures between 300°C and 700°C, they offer ultrafast charge transfer, high rate capacity, and a long cycle life. Furthermore, their unique structural design offers advantages such as low cost, ease of assembly, and scalability.

[0003] Because liquid metal batteries operate at very high temperatures, the thermal management of liquid metal battery modules must meet the requirement of self-supplied heat. This means that external auxiliary heating power is applied only during the startup phase of the liquid metal battery. Once the modules begin operating, the heat dissipated to the external environment is entirely maintained by the internal heat generated by the batteries. Therefore, predicting the internal temperature field of liquid metal battery modules during operation is particularly important in order to optimize the design of the liquid metal battery module thermal management system.

[0004] The temperature of liquid metal battery modules fluctuates during operation, affecting battery output performance and consistency, ultimately leading to battery module failure. Existing technologies generally use air cooling, liquid cooling, and other means to control the temperature of lithium-ion batteries. However, the service temperatures of lithium-ion batteries and liquid metal batteries are different. Liquid metal batteries have higher service temperature requirements than lithium-ion batteries. In addition, lithium-ion batteries generally generate heat under constant power conditions, while liquid metal batteries generally operate under constant current conditions and have both heat generation and heat absorption characteristics. Therefore, the temperature control methods for lithium-ion batteries cannot be applied to liquid metal battery modules. Existing technologies do not yet have internal temperature control methods for liquid metal battery modules during operation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for suppressing internal temperature fluctuations during operation of a liquid metal battery module, the purpose of which is to reduce the internal temperature fluctuations during operation of the liquid metal battery module.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for suppressing internal temperature fluctuations during operation of a liquid metal battery module is provided, comprising:

[0007] The charge and discharge currents of the liquid metal battery module at different times are input into the thermal simulation model of the liquid metal battery module to obtain the change of the internal temperature of the liquid metal battery module over time and the internal temperature distribution during the operation process;

[0008] Based on the internal temperature distribution, the discharge rate of the battery in the higher temperature area is reduced or the battery in the higher temperature area is adjusted to a charging condition, or / and, the discharge rate of the battery in the lower temperature area is increased or the battery in the lower temperature area is adjusted to a discharging condition, so as to change the charge and discharge current of the liquid metal battery module at different times, thereby making the change of the internal temperature over time within the preset upper and lower threshold values, thereby achieving internal temperature fluctuation suppression.

[0009] Furthermore, the thermal simulation model of the liquid metal battery module is:

[0010]

[0011] q cell =q rea +q act +q ohm

[0012]

[0013] q act =S a,i j loc,i η

[0014]

[0015] q conv =hA(T amb -T)

[0016] Among them, ρ, C p , k are the density, constant pressure heat capacity, and thermal conductivity of the module material, respectively; T is the temperature inside the module at different times t; ▽T is the temperature gradient; ▽ is the gradient operator; q cell ,q conv ,q rad They are the total heat generation power, convection heat dissipation power, and heat dissipation power caused by thermal radiation when the battery is working; q rea ,q act ,q ohm They are the reversible reaction heat generated by the electrochemical reaction when the battery is working, the irreversible polarization heat generated by the electrochemical polarization, and the ohmic heat generated by the internal resistance of the battery; S a,i is the cross-sectional area of ​​the battery reaction, j loc,i It is the local exchange current density at the battery positive electrode interface, which is used to reflect the charge and discharge current of the liquid metal battery module at different times; is the temperature derivative of the equilibrium potential, η is the battery overpotential, i2 is the electrolyte current density, is the electrolyte potential The gradient of ; h is the convective heat transfer coefficient, A is the outer surface area of ​​the module; G is the total incident flux of the module material; ε, n, σ B , ρ d are the emissivity, refractive index, Stefan-Boltzmann constant, and reflectivity of the module material respectively; F amb is the environmental viewing angle coefficient, ε amb is the environmental radiation coefficient, T amb is the ambient temperature.

[0017] Furthermore, the convective heat transfer coefficient h is respectively taken as h top 、h bottom 、h bottom , the corresponding calculation method is:

[0018]

[0019] Among them, h top is the convection heat dissipation coefficient at the top of the module, h bottom is the bottom convection heat transfer coefficient, h bottom is the convection heat coefficient of the module side wall, Ra is the Rayleigh number, L is the characteristic length of the module outer surface, and μ is the viscosity of the external ambient air.

[0020] Furthermore, the higher temperature area is an area where the temperature exceeds the normal internal operating temperature of the liquid metal battery module during operation, and the lower temperature area is an area where the temperature does not exceed the normal internal operating temperature of the liquid metal battery module during operation.

[0021] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a system for suppressing internal temperature fluctuations during operation of a liquid metal battery module is provided, comprising:

[0022] The internal temperature change and temperature distribution calculation module is used to input the charge and discharge current of the liquid metal battery module at different times into the thermal simulation model of the liquid metal battery module to obtain the change of the internal temperature of the liquid metal battery module over time and the internal temperature distribution during the operation process;

[0023] The internal temperature fluctuation suppression module is used to reduce the discharge rate of batteries in higher temperature areas or adjust the batteries in higher temperature areas to charging conditions based on the internal temperature distribution, or / and increase the discharge rate of batteries in lower temperature areas or adjust the batteries in lower temperature areas to discharging conditions, so as to change the charge and discharge current of the liquid metal battery module at different times, thereby making the change of the internal temperature over time within the preset upper and lower threshold values, thereby achieving internal temperature fluctuation suppression.

[0024] Furthermore, the thermal simulation model of the liquid metal battery module is:

[0025]

[0026] q cell =q rea +q act +q ohm

[0027]

[0028] q act =S a,i j loc,i η

[0029]

[0030] q conv =hA(T amb -T)

[0031] Among them, ρ, C p , k are the density, constant pressure heat capacity, and thermal conductivity of the module material, respectively; T is the temperature inside the module at different times t; ▽T is the temperature gradient; ▽ is the gradient operator; q cell ,q conv ,q rad They are the total heat generation power, convection heat dissipation power, and heat dissipation power caused by thermal radiation when the battery is working; q rea ,q act ,q ohm They are the reversible reaction heat generated by the electrochemical reaction when the battery is working, the irreversible polarization heat generated by the electrochemical polarization, and the ohmic heat generated by the internal resistance of the battery; S a,i is the cross-sectional area of ​​the battery reaction, j loc,i It is the local exchange current density at the battery positive electrode interface, which is used to reflect the charge and discharge current of the liquid metal battery module at different times; is the temperature derivative of the equilibrium potential, η is the battery overpotential, i2 is the electrolyte current density, is the electrolyte potential The gradient of ; h is the convective heat transfer coefficient, A is the outer surface area of ​​the module; G is the total incident flux of the module material; ε, n, σ B , ρ d are the emissivity, refractive index, Stefan-Boltzmann constant, and reflectivity of the module material respectively; F amb is the environmental viewing angle coefficient, ε amb is the environmental radiation coefficient, T amb is the ambient temperature.

[0032] Furthermore, the convective heat transfer coefficient h is respectively taken as h top、h bottom 、h bottom , the corresponding calculation method is:

[0033]

[0034] Among them, h top is the convection heat dissipation coefficient at the top of the module, h bottom is the bottom convection heat transfer coefficient, h bottom is the convection heat coefficient of the module side wall, Ra is the Rayleigh number, L is the characteristic length of the module outer surface, and μ is the viscosity of the external ambient air.

[0035] According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electronic device comprising a computer-readable storage medium and a processor;

[0036] The computer-readable storage medium is used to store executable instructions;

[0037] The processor is configured to read the executable instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium to execute the internal temperature fluctuation suppression method according to any one of the first aspects.

[0038] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, the method for suppressing internal temperature fluctuations as described in any one of the first aspects is implemented.

[0039] According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program, which, when executed on a computer, enables the computer to execute the internal temperature fluctuation suppression method according to any one of the first aspects.

[0040] In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0041] (1) The method provided by the present invention for suppressing internal temperature fluctuations during the operation of a liquid metal battery module adjusts the battery operating conditions according to the current operating conditions of the liquid metal battery module (the current charge and discharge current) and the internal temperature distribution of the liquid metal battery module during operation. Specifically, for batteries in a higher temperature area within the module, the heat release power of the batteries in the area is reduced by reducing the battery discharge rate, or the batteries are adjusted to a charging condition to absorb heat; for batteries in a lower temperature area within the module, the heat release power of the batteries in the area is increased by increasing the battery discharge rate, or the batteries are adjusted to a discharge condition to release heat. In this way, the heat generation effect of the liquid metal battery during discharge or discharge is increased, and the heat absorption effect during discharge or charge is reduced, thereby changing the charge and discharge current of the liquid metal battery module at different times, and ultimately suppressing the temperature fluctuations during the operation of the battery pack within an ideal range.

[0042] (2) As a preference, the thermal simulation model constructed in the present invention includes the heat generation equations of the positive and negative electrode regions (q rea ,q act The equation satisfied), the heat generation equation of the electrolyte region (q ohm The equation satisfied), the heat dissipation equation on the battery surface (q rad The equation satisfied) and the heat dissipation equation of the outer surface of the battery module (q conv The equation satisfied by the proposed method fully considers the heat generation or heat dissipation effects of different working areas of the module, and improves the accuracy of the constructed thermal simulation model. Based on the constructed thermal simulation model, the internal temperature changes and temperature distribution of the battery module can be predicted through model calculation without conducting a large number of battery module experiments.

[0043] (3) Furthermore, when obtaining the change of the internal temperature of the liquid metal battery module over time and the internal temperature distribution during its operation, the present invention takes into account that the operating temperature of the liquid metal battery is relatively high, and it is necessary to consider the convective heat transfer coefficient between it and the external environment. However, due to the small size of the existing liquid metal battery monomer, when constructing the corresponding thermal simulation model, the convective heat transfer coefficient is directly regarded as a constant to reduce the complexity of modeling. However, for the liquid metal battery module, still considering the convective heat transfer coefficient as a constant to construct the corresponding thermal simulation model will reduce the accuracy of the model's calculation of the internal temperature. To this end, the present invention constructs a new thermal simulation model for the operation of the liquid metal battery module, in which the convective heat dissipation coefficient h of the module top is considered respectively. top , module bottom convection heat transfer coefficient h bottom And the module side wall convection heat transfer coefficient h lateralIn addition, the convective heat dissipation coefficients are characterized based on the thermal conductivity k of the module material, the characteristic length L of the module outer surface, the viscosity μ of the external ambient air, and the Rayleigh number Ra, which are related to the internal temperature during module operation. This makes the constructed thermal simulation model more accurate, further improving the change of the internal temperature over time during module operation and the accuracy of the internal temperature distribution calculation.

[0044] In summary, the present invention obtains the temperature change and temperature distribution of the battery pack by calculating the heat generated during battery operation and the heat dissipation of the battery module, and solves the problem of large temperature fluctuation range in the module by regulating the charging and discharging conditions of the liquid metal battery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a method for suppressing internal temperature fluctuations during operation of a liquid metal battery module in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the geometric structure of the liquid metal battery module in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of battery temperature fluctuation when no temperature fluctuation suppression is applied in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of battery temperature fluctuation after temperature fluctuation suppression is applied in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only intended to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for suppressing internal temperature fluctuations during operation of a liquid metal battery module, which mainly includes:

[0052] The charge and discharge currents of the liquid metal battery module at different times are input into the thermal simulation model during the operation of the liquid metal battery module to obtain the change of the internal temperature of the liquid metal battery module over time and the internal temperature distribution during the operation process;

[0053] Based on the internal temperature distribution, the discharge rate of the batteries in the higher temperature area is reduced or the batteries in the higher temperature area are adjusted to the charging condition, or / and, the discharge rate of the batteries in the lower temperature area is increased or the batteries in the lower temperature area are adjusted to the discharging condition, so as to change the charge and discharge current of the liquid metal battery module at different times, thereby making the internal temperature of the liquid metal battery module during operation change over time within the preset upper and lower threshold values, thereby achieving internal temperature fluctuation suppression.

[0054] As a preferred implementation method, the area exceeding the preset temperature threshold is a higher temperature area, and the area not exceeding the preset temperature threshold is a lower temperature area, wherein the preset temperature threshold is the internal normal operating temperature of the liquid metal battery module during operation.

[0055] The present invention provides a method for suppressing internal temperature fluctuations during the operation of a liquid metal battery module. The method adjusts the battery operating conditions according to the current operating conditions of the liquid metal battery module (the current charge and discharge current) and the internal temperature distribution of the liquid metal battery module during operation. Specifically, for batteries in a higher temperature area within the module, the heat release power of the batteries in the area is reduced by reducing the battery discharge rate, or the batteries are adjusted to a charging condition to absorb heat; for batteries in a lower temperature area within the module, the heat release power of the batteries in the area is increased by increasing the battery discharge rate, or the batteries are adjusted to a discharge condition to release heat. In this way, the liquid metal battery is used to increase the discharge rate or the heat generation effect during discharge, and to reduce the discharge rate or the heat absorption effect during charging, to change the charge and discharge current of the liquid metal battery module at different times, and ultimately suppress the temperature fluctuations during the operation of the battery pack within an ideal range.

[0056] As a preferred implementation, in an embodiment of the present invention, based on the conservation of energy, the thermal simulation model constructed is:

[0057]

[0058] q cell =q rea +q act +q ohm

[0059]

[0060] q act =S a,i j loc,i η

[0061]

[0062] q conv =hA(T amb -T)

[0063] Where ρ is the density of the module material, C p is the constant pressure heat capacity of the module material, T is the internal temperature at different times t, ▽T is the temperature gradient, ▽ is the gradient operator, and k is the thermal conductivity of the module material; q cell is the total heat generation power when all batteries are working, q conv is the heat dissipation power of convection heat transfer, q rad is the heat dissipation power due to thermal radiation; q rea is the reversible reaction heat generated by the electrochemical reaction inside the liquid metal battery module, q act is the irreversible polarization heat generated by electrochemical polarization, q ohm is the ohmic heat generated by the internal resistance of the battery; represents the temperature change inside the module, ▽·(-k▽T) represents the heat conduction power; S a,i is the cross-sectional area of ​​the battery reaction, j loc,i It is the local exchange current density at the battery positive electrode interface, which is used to reflect the charge and discharge current of the liquid metal battery module at different times; is the temperature derivative of the equilibrium potential, η is the battery overpotential, i2 is the electrolyte current density, The electrolyte potential of the liquid metal battery The gradient of the module is: h is the convective heat transfer coefficient, A is the outer surface area of ​​the module, J is the total diffuse radiation flux of the module material, G m is the mutual radiation flux of module materials, G amb is the radiation flux of the module material to the environment, G is the total incident flux of the module material; ε, n, σ B , ρ d are the emissivity, refractive index, Stefan-Boltzmann constant, and reflectivity of the module material respectively; F amb is the environmental viewing angle coefficient, ε amb is the environmental radiation coefficient, T amb is the ambient temperature.

[0064] As a preferred implementation, the above convective heat transfer coefficient h is respectively taken as h top 、h bottom 、h bottom , the corresponding calculation method is:

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] Among them, h top is the convection heat dissipation coefficient at the top of the module, h bottom is the bottom convection heat transfer coefficient, h bottomis the convection heat coefficient of the module side wall, Ra is the Rayleigh number, L is the characteristic length of the module outer surface, and μ is the viscosity of the external ambient air.

[0068] The thermal simulation model constructed in the embodiment of the present invention includes the heat generation equations of the positive and negative electrode regions (q rea ,q act The equation satisfied), the heat generation equation of the electrolyte region (q ohm The equation satisfied), the heat dissipation equation on the battery surface (q rad The equation satisfied) and the heat dissipation equation of the outer surface of the battery module (q conv The equation satisfied by the proposed method fully considers the heat generation or heat dissipation effects of different working areas of the module, and improves the accuracy of the constructed thermal simulation model. Based on the constructed thermal simulation model, the internal temperature changes and temperature distribution of the battery module can be predicted through model calculation without conducting a large number of battery module experiments.

[0069] As a further design of the present invention, when obtaining the change of the internal temperature over time and the internal temperature distribution during the operation of the liquid metal battery module, the present invention takes into account that the operating temperature of the liquid metal battery is relatively high, and it is necessary to consider the convective heat transfer coefficient between it and the external environment. However, due to the small size of the existing liquid metal battery monomer, when constructing the corresponding thermal simulation model, the convective heat transfer coefficient is directly regarded as a constant to reduce the complexity of modeling. However, for the liquid metal battery module, still considering the convective heat transfer coefficient as a constant to construct the corresponding thermal simulation model will reduce the accuracy of the model's calculation of the internal temperature. To this end, the present invention constructs a new thermal simulation model for the operation of the liquid metal battery module, in which the convective heat dissipation coefficient h of the module top is considered respectively. top , module bottom convection heat transfer coefficient h bottom And the module side wall convection heat transfer coefficient h lateral In addition, the convective heat dissipation coefficients are characterized based on the thermal conductivity k of the module material, the characteristic length L of the module outer surface, the viscosity μ of the external ambient air, and the Rayleigh number Ra, which are related to the internal temperature during module operation. This makes the constructed thermal simulation model more accurate, further improving the change of the internal temperature over time during module operation and the accuracy of the internal temperature distribution calculation.

[0070] In an embodiment of the present invention, the construction process of the thermal simulation model includes:

[0071] S1. Determine the geometric parameters, electrochemical parameters, and thermal parameters of the liquid metal battery;

[0072] The geometric parameters include the positive electrode height, the negative electrode height, the distance between the positive and negative electrodes, and the positive and negative electrode current collector heights. Based on these geometric parameters, the parameters in the thermal simulation model described above are determined: the module outer surface area A and the characteristic length L of the module outer surface.

[0073] Electrochemical parameters include the conductivity of the electrode material, the diffusion coefficient of the electrolyte molten salt, and the volume fraction. Based on the electrochemical parameters, the parameters in the above thermal simulation model are determined: the electrolyte potential of the liquid metal battery Gradient The total heat generation power q when all batteries are working cell , the reversible reaction heat q generated by the electrochemical reaction inside the liquid metal battery module rea , irreversible polarization heat q generated by electrochemical polarization act , Ohmic heat q generated by the internal resistance of the battery ohm , equilibrium potential temperature derivative Battery overpotential η, electrolyte current density i2.

[0074] Thermal parameters include the specific heat capacity, density, thermal conductivity, and emissivity of the battery. Based on the thermal parameters, the parameters in the thermal simulation model are determined: the density ρ of the module material, the constant pressure heat capacity C of the module material p , thermal conductivity k of the module material, emissivity ε of the module material, refractive index n, Stefan-Boltzmann constant σ B , reflectivity ρ d , total diffuse radiation flux of module materials J, mutual radiation flux of module materials G m , Module material radiation flux to the environment G amb , total incident flux G of module material, environmental viewing angle coefficient F amb 、Environmental radiation coefficient ε amb 、Ambient temperature T amb 、Module module top convection heat dissipation coefficient h top , module bottom convection heat transfer coefficient h bottom And the module side wall convection heat transfer coefficient h lateral , Rayleigh number Ra and external ambient air viscosity μ.

[0075] S2. Construct the above thermal simulation model based on the various parameters of the liquid metal battery determined in S1.

[0076] The control equations (heat generation or heat dissipation equations) corresponding to each working area of ​​the model in the embodiment of the present invention are shown in Table 1:

[0077] Table 1 Control equations corresponding to each working area of ​​the model

[0078]

[0079] In the embodiment of the present invention, the method of the present invention is further illustrated by taking a Li||LiF-LiCl-LiBr||Bi system liquid metal battery as an example.

[0080] like Figure 2 The figure shows the geometric structure of the liquid metal battery used in the embodiment of the present invention. The battery module contains 4 layers with a total of 226 batteries, and is equipped with a double layer of insulation material on the outside. A thermal simulation model corresponding to the liquid metal battery is constructed, and the charge and discharge conditions in the battery module are set to discharge at 40A and then charge at 40A for 3 cycles. The battery temperature changes when the batteries in the battery pack are uniformly charged and discharged are shown as follows: Figure 3 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that the average temperature fluctuations at different times are large. The 1st and 4th layers of the battery module are set to charge at 40A and then discharge at 40A, and the operation is repeated for 3 cycles. The 2nd and 3rd layers of batteries maintain the original working conditions unchanged, and the battery temperature fluctuation range in the module is recalculated. The calculation results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, it can be seen that the average temperature fluctuation at different times is small after regulation.

[0081] The present invention makes full use of the obvious difference between the heat generation effect of discharge and the heat absorption effect of charging of liquid metal batteries. By establishing a thermal simulation model of the battery module and regulating the charging and discharging conditions of the module, the problem of large temperature fluctuation range during the operation of the battery module is effectively solved.

[0082] Example 2

[0083] An embodiment of the present invention provides a system for suppressing internal temperature fluctuations during operation of a liquid metal battery module, comprising:

[0084] The internal temperature change and temperature distribution calculation module is used to input the charge and discharge current of the liquid metal battery module at different times into the thermal simulation model of the liquid metal battery module to obtain the change of the internal temperature of the liquid metal battery module over time and the internal temperature distribution during the operation process;

[0085] The internal temperature fluctuation suppression module is used to reduce the discharge rate of batteries in higher temperature areas or adjust the batteries in higher temperature areas to charging conditions based on the internal temperature distribution, or / and, increase the discharge rate of batteries in lower temperature areas or adjust the batteries in lower temperature areas to discharging conditions, so as to change the charge and discharge current of the liquid metal battery module at different times, thereby making the change of internal temperature over time within the preset upper and lower thresholds, thereby achieving internal temperature fluctuation suppression.

[0086] The specific implementation method of each of the above modules can be found in the description of the corresponding steps in the above embodiment 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0087] Example 3

[0088] An embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the steps of the method in the above-mentioned embodiment 1 when executing the computer program.

[0089] The electronic device may be a computing device such as a desktop computer, a notebook, a PDA, or a cloud server. The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The memory may be used to store computer programs and / or modules, and the processor may perform various functions of the electronic device by running or executing the computer programs and / or modules stored in the memory, and calling the data stored in the memory.

[0090] The relevant technical solutions are the same as above and will not be repeated here.

[0091] Example 4

[0092] An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method in the above-mentioned embodiment 1 are implemented.

[0093] Specifically, the memory may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, a memory, a plug-in hard disk, a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), a secure digital (Secure Digital, SD) card, a flash card (Flash Card), at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device.

[0094] The relevant technical solutions are the same as above and will not be repeated here.

[0095] Example 5

[0096] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, including a computer program. When the computer program is run on a computer, the computer executes the steps of the method in the above-mentioned embodiment 1.

[0097] The relevant technical solutions are the same as above and will not be repeated here.

[0098] It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for suppressing internal temperature fluctuations during operation of a liquid metal battery module, characterized in that: include: The charge and discharge currents of the liquid metal battery module at different times are input into the thermal simulation model of the liquid metal battery module to obtain the change of the internal temperature of the liquid metal battery module over time and the internal temperature distribution during the operation process; Based on the internal temperature distribution, the discharge rate of the battery in the higher temperature area is reduced or the battery in the higher temperature area is adjusted to a charging condition, or / and, the discharge rate of the battery in the lower temperature area is increased or the battery in the lower temperature area is adjusted to a discharging condition, so as to change the charge and discharge current of the liquid metal battery module at different times, thereby making the change of the internal temperature over time within the preset upper and lower threshold range, thereby realizing the suppression of internal temperature fluctuations.

2. The method for suppressing internal temperature fluctuation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal simulation model of the liquid metal battery module is: q cell =q rea +q act +q ohm what act =S a,i j loc,i the q conv =hA(T amb -T) Among them, ρ, C p , k are the density, constant pressure heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the module material, respectively; T is the temperature inside the module at different times t; ▽T is the temperature gradient; ▽ is the gradient operator; q cell ,q conv ,q rad They are the total heat generation power, convection heat dissipation power, and heat dissipation power caused by thermal radiation when the battery is working; q rea ,q act ,q ohm They are the reversible reaction heat generated by the electrochemical reaction when the battery is working, the irreversible polarization heat generated by the electrochemical polarization, and the ohmic heat generated by the internal resistance of the battery; S a,i is the cross-sectional area of ​​the battery reaction, j loc,i It is the local exchange current density at the positive electrode interface of the battery, which is used to reflect the charge and discharge current of the liquid metal battery module at different times; is the temperature derivative of the equilibrium potential, η is the battery overpotential, i2 is the electrolyte current density, is the electrolyte potential The gradient of the module; h is the convective heat transfer coefficient, A is the outer surface area of ​​the module; G is the total incident flux of the module material; ε, n, σ B , d are the emissivity, refractive index, Stefan-Boltzmann constant, and reflectivity of the module material; F amb is the environmental viewing angle coefficient, ε amb is the environmental radiation coefficient, T amb is the ambient temperature.

3. The method for suppressing internal temperature fluctuation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The convective heat transfer coefficient h is respectively taken as h top 、h bottom 、h bottom , the corresponding calculation method is: Among them, h top is the convection heat dissipation coefficient of the module top, h bottom is the bottom convection heat transfer coefficient, h bottom is the convection thermal coefficient of the module side wall, Ra is the Rayleigh number, L is the characteristic length of the module outer surface, and μ is the viscosity of the external ambient air.

4. The method for suppressing internal temperature fluctuation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The higher temperature area is an area where the temperature exceeds the normal internal operating temperature of the liquid metal battery module during operation, and the lower temperature area is an area where the temperature does not exceed the normal internal operating temperature of the liquid metal battery module during operation.

5. A system for suppressing internal temperature fluctuations during operation of a liquid metal battery module, characterized in that: include: The internal temperature change and temperature distribution calculation module is used to input the charge and discharge current of the liquid metal battery module at different times into the thermal simulation model of the liquid metal battery module to obtain the change of the internal temperature over time and the internal temperature distribution during the operation of the liquid metal battery module; The internal temperature fluctuation suppression module is used to reduce the discharge rate of batteries in higher temperature areas or adjust the batteries in higher temperature areas to charging conditions based on the internal temperature distribution, or / and increase the discharge rate of batteries in lower temperature areas or adjust the batteries in lower temperature areas to discharging conditions, so as to change the charge and discharge current of the liquid metal battery module at different times, thereby making the change of the internal temperature over time within the preset upper and lower threshold ranges, thereby realizing internal temperature fluctuation suppression.

6. The internal temperature fluctuation suppression system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The thermal simulation model of the liquid metal battery module is: q cell =q rea +q act +q ohm what act =S a,i j loc,i the q conv =hA(T amb -T) Among them, ρ, C p , k are the density, constant pressure heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the module material, respectively; T is the temperature inside the module at different times t; ▽T is the temperature gradient; ▽ is the gradient operator; q cell ,q conv ,q rad They are the total heat generation power, convection heat dissipation power, and heat dissipation power caused by thermal radiation when the battery is working; q rea ,q act ,q ohm They are the reversible reaction heat generated by the electrochemical reaction when the battery is working, the irreversible polarization heat generated by the electrochemical polarization, and the ohmic heat generated by the internal resistance of the battery; S a,i is the cross-sectional area of ​​the battery reaction, j loc,i It is the local exchange current density at the positive electrode interface of the battery, which is used to reflect the charge and discharge current of the liquid metal battery module at different times; is the temperature derivative of the equilibrium potential, η is the battery overpotential, i2 is the electrolyte current density, is the electrolyte potential The gradient of the module; h is the convective heat transfer coefficient, A is the outer surface area of ​​the module; G is the total incident flux of the module material; ε, n, σ B , d are the emissivity, refractive index, Stefan-Boltzmann constant, and reflectivity of the module material; F amb is the environmental viewing angle coefficient, ε amb is the environmental radiation coefficient, T amb is the ambient temperature.

7. The internal temperature fluctuation suppression system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The convective heat transfer coefficient h is respectively taken as h top 、h bottom 、h bottom , the corresponding calculation method is: Among them, h top is the convection heat dissipation coefficient of the module top, h bottom is the bottom convection heat transfer coefficient, h bottom is the convection thermal coefficient of the module side wall, Ra is the Rayleigh number, L is the characteristic length of the module outer surface, and μ is the viscosity of the external ambient air.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that: comprising a computer readable storage medium and a processor; The computer-readable storage medium is used to store executable instructions; The processor is used to read the executable instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium to execute the internal temperature fluctuation suppression method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the program is executed by a processor, the internal temperature fluctuation suppression method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is implemented.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that The invention comprises a computer program, which, when being executed on a computer, enables the computer to execute the internal temperature fluctuation suppression method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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