Planar antenna and terminal

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of antennas, and discloses a planar antenna and a terminal. The planar antenna comprises a radiator, at least two graphene components and an adjusting device. The radiator is located in a first plane, and the radiator is fed with an electric signal through a feeding point located at a first position to generate a first current along a first direction, and the first direction is parallel to the first plane. Along a second direction, the radiator comprises a first radiation edge and a second radiation edge located on both sides of the feeding point, and the second direction is parallel to the first plane and perpendicular to the first direction. The two graphene components are respectively insulated from the radiator, and the orthographic projection of one of the two graphene components in the first plane at least partially overlaps the first radiation edge, and the orthographic projection of the other graphene component in the first plane at least partially overlaps the second radiation edge. The adjusting device is connected with the two graphene components and used for adjusting the sheet resistance of the two graphene components. The planar antenna can realize continuous regulation of a polarization state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and more particularly to a planar antenna and a terminal. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of satellite communication and backscatter communication technologies, multi-polarization reconfigurable antennas are widely used in terminals such as vehicle navigation devices and smart home devices. Currently, in highly integrated and miniaturized terminals, multi-polarization reconfigurable antennas can achieve adjustment of multiple polarization characteristics through a single radiator. By reconfiguring the polarization state of the antenna's radiated wave, multi-polarization reconfigurable antennas eliminate the signal fading caused by multipath effects, effectively solving problems such as polarization mismatch in wireless communication, thereby improving the system's anti-interference capability in complex and changing environments.

[0003] However, current multi-polarization reconfigurable antennas can only achieve discrete changes in a few typical polarization states, such as linear polarization, left-hand circularly polarization (LHCP), or right-hand circularly polarization (RHCP), resulting in poor adjustment effects and limited applicability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a planar antenna and a terminal. The following describes this application from multiple aspects, and the implementation methods and beneficial effects of these aspects can be referenced interchangeably.

[0005] This application provides a planar antenna. Specifically, the planar antenna includes a radiator, at least two graphene components, and an adjustment device. The radiator is located in a first plane and is fed an electrical signal through a feed point located at a first position to generate a first current along a first direction parallel to the first plane. Along a second direction, the radiator includes a first radiating edge and a second radiating edge located on either side of the feed point. The second direction is parallel to the first plane and perpendicular to the first direction. The two graphene components are insulated from and connected to the radiator. The orthographic projection of one graphene component in the first plane at least partially overlaps with the first radiating edge, and the orthographic projection of the other graphene component in the first plane at least partially overlaps with the second radiating edge. The adjustment device is connected to the two graphene components and is used to adjust the sheet resistance of the two graphene components.

[0006] In this embodiment, graphene components with different sheet resistance values ​​can cause a change in potential in the second direction, thereby generating a current along the second direction. The current along the second direction interacts with the first current along the first direction, which can change the current distribution characteristics on the radiator, and thus change the polarization state of the planar antenna. Therefore, by gradually adjusting the sheet resistance values ​​of the two graphene components, continuous control of right-handed elliptic polarization, linear polarization, and left-handed circular elliptic polarization can be achieved.

[0007] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the ratio between the distance between the two graphene components and the size of the radiator along the first direction is 0 to 0.5, for example, 0, 0.1, 0.2, etc. This enables the planar antenna to achieve continuous adjustment between right-hand circular polarization, right-hand elliptical polarization, linear polarization, left-hand elliptical polarization, and left-hand circular polarization, further expanding its applicability.

[0008] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, along the second direction, the ratio between the distance between the two graphene components and the size of the radiator is 0.5 to 1, for example, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, etc. This further enhances the continuous controllability between right-hand circular polarization, right-hand elliptical polarization, linear polarization, left-hand elliptical polarization, and left-hand circular polarization states of the planar antenna.

[0009] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the adjusting device is used to supply a first voltage to one of the two graphene components and a second voltage to the other graphene component. The adjusting device can control the magnitudes of the first and second voltages to adjust the sheet resistance of the two graphene components. This effectively improves the continuously adjustable polarization state of the planar antenna.

[0010] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the regulating device includes a voltage controller and a DC bias line, the voltage controller being connected to two graphene components via the DC bias line.

[0011] According to the embodiments of this application, the regulating device can adjust the sheet resistance of the two graphene components through a voltage controller and a DC bias line. The control method is simple and the wiring complexity is small.

[0012] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the number of graphene components is four, and the orthographic projections of the four graphene components in the first plane do not overlap. The four graphene components are designated as a first graphene component, a second graphene component, a third graphene component, and a fourth graphene component. The orthographic projections of the first and third graphene components in the first plane at least partially overlap with a first radiating edge, and the orthographic projections of the second and fourth graphene components in the first plane at least partially overlap with a second radiating edge. Furthermore, along a first direction, the first graphene component is further away from the fourth graphene component than the third graphene component, and the second graphene component is closer to the first graphene component than the fourth graphene component. An adjusting device is used to supply a first voltage to the first and fourth graphene components and a second voltage to the second and third graphene components.

[0013] The four graphene components can further improve the current distribution characteristics on the radiator, thereby further enhancing the effect of continuous control of the polarization state of the planar antenna.

[0014] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, along the first direction, the ratio of the distance between the first and second graphene components to the size of the radiator is 0 to 0.5, for example, 0, 0.1, 0.2, etc.; the ratio of the distance between the third and fourth graphene components to the size of the radiator is 0 to 0.5, for example, 0, 0.1, 0.2, etc. Furthermore, along the second direction, the ratio of the distance between the first and second graphene components to the size of the radiator is 0.5 to 1, for example, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, etc.; the ratio of the size of the third and fourth graphene components to the size of the radiator is 0.5 to 1, for example, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, etc.

[0015] Based on this, the aforementioned planar antenna can achieve continuous control between right-hand circular polarization, right-hand elliptical polarization, linear polarization, left-hand elliptical polarization and left-hand circular polarization, further improving the effect of continuous polarization control and expanding the scope of application.

[0016] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the sheet resistance of the graphene component varies from 1 ohm / sq to 1 Mohm / sq. This further enhances the control effect of the planar antenna polarization state.

[0017] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the graphene component includes a single layer of graphene, or multiple layers of graphene stacked along a third direction, with a separator paper between adjacent layers of graphene, the third direction being perpendicular to the first plane.

[0018] According to the embodiments of this application, the diaphragm paper is usually soaked in an ionic liquid to further expand the range of sheet resistance variation of the graphene component, thereby improving the control effect of the polarization state of the planar antenna.

[0019] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the planar antenna includes a first dielectric substrate and a ground plane, and the radiator, the first dielectric substrate, and the ground plane are stacked sequentially along a third direction, which is perpendicular to the first plane; the graphene component is located on the side of the radiator facing away from the first dielectric substrate, and an insulating layer is provided between the graphene component and the radiator, or the graphene component is located between the first dielectric substrate and the ground plane, and the graphene component and the ground plane are insulated from each other.

[0020] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, a second dielectric plate is provided between the graphene component and the ground plane. This allows the graphene component and the ground plane to be insulated from each other, preventing mutual interference.

[0021] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the shape of the orthographic projection of the graphene component in the first plane includes any one or more of the following: rectangle, circle, sector, or polygon.

[0022] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the shape of the radiator includes any one or more of a rectangle, a circle, or a polygon.

[0023] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the planar antenna is a patch antenna or a planar inverted-F antenna.

[0024] A second aspect of this application provides a planar antenna. Specifically, the planar antenna includes a radiator, a graphene component, and an adjustment device. The radiator is located in a first plane and is fed an electrical signal through a feed point located at a first position to generate a first current along a first direction parallel to the first plane. Along a second direction, the radiator includes a first radiating edge and a second radiating edge located on either side of the feed point; the second direction is parallel to the first plane and perpendicular to the first direction. The graphene component is insulated from and connected to the radiator, and the orthographic projection of the graphene component into the first plane at least partially overlaps with either the first or second radiating edge. The adjustment device is connected to the graphene component and is used to adjust the sheet resistance of the graphene component.

[0025] In this embodiment, graphene components with different sheet resistance values ​​can cause a change in potential in the second direction, thereby generating a current along the second direction. The current along the second direction interacts with the first current along the first direction, which can change the current distribution characteristics on the radiator, and thus change the polarization state of the planar antenna. Therefore, by gradually adjusting the sheet resistance value of the graphene component, continuous control of linear polarization, left-handed elliptical polarization, and left-handed circular polarization can be achieved, or continuous control of linear polarization, right-handed elliptical polarization, and left-handed elliptical polarization can be achieved.

[0026] A third aspect of this application provides a terminal. The terminal includes a housing and any one of the first aspect, a possible implementation of the first aspect, and the second aspect, wherein the planar antenna is disposed on the housing. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figures 1A to 1D A schematic diagram of the electric field intensity vector of an electromagnetic wave propagating along the positive Z direction in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0028] Figure 2A This illustrates an exemplary application scenario of a planar antenna according to an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 2B This illustrates an exemplary application scenario two of the planar antennas in the embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 3A Schematic diagrams of planar antennas in some embodiments are shown;

[0031] Figure 3B Schematic diagrams of the feed network in a planar antenna in some embodiments are shown;

[0032] Figures 4A to 4D Schematic diagrams of several planar antennas in other embodiments are shown;

[0033] Figure 5A and Figure 5B A schematic diagram of the planar antenna structure in an embodiment of this application is shown, wherein, Figure 5A This is a top view of a planar antenna. Figure 5B This is an exploded view of a planar antenna.

[0034] Figures 6A to 6C An exemplary distribution diagram of the current on the radiator of a planar antenna under different polarization states in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0035] Figure 7A according to Figure 5A This invention illustrates the axial ratio of the planar antenna in both circular and linear polarization states in an embodiment of this application.

[0036] Figure 7B according to Figure 5A This paper shows a schematic diagram of the reflection coefficient of the planar antenna in circular polarization and linear polarization states in an embodiment of this application.

[0037] Figure 7C according to Figure 5A This paper shows a schematic diagram illustrating the radiation efficiency of the planar antenna in circular and linear polarization states in an embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 8A and Figure 8B An exemplary arrangement of four graphene components in an embodiment of this application is shown, wherein, Figure 8A This is a top view of the planar antenna 10. Figure 8B This is an exploded view of a planar antenna.

[0039] Figures 9A to 9C An exemplary distribution diagram of the current on the radiator of a planar antenna under different polarization states in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0040] Figure 10A according to Figure 8A and Figure 8B This illustration shows the axial ratio diagram of the planar antenna in the embodiments of this application when it operates in left-hand circular polarization, right-hand circular polarization, and linear polarization states;

[0041] Figure 10B according to Figure 8A and Figure 8B This paper shows a schematic diagram of the reflection coefficient of the planar antenna in the embodiments of this application when it is operating in left-hand circular polarization, right-hand circular polarization and linear polarization states;

[0042] Figure 10C according to Figure 8A and Figure 8B This paper shows a schematic diagram illustrating the radiation efficiency of the planar antenna in the embodiments of this application when it operates in left-hand circular polarization, right-hand circular polarization, and linear polarization states;

[0043] Figure 10D according to Figure 8A and Figure 8B A schematic diagram showing the continuous variation of the axial ratio of the planar antenna in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0044] Figure 11A according to Figure 3A and Figure 3B A schematic diagram of the axial ratio of a planar antenna in some embodiments is shown;

[0045] Figure 11B according to Figure 4C A schematic diagram of the axial ratio of the planar antenna is shown in some other embodiments;

[0046] Figure 12A according to Figure 8Aand Figure 8B This illustration shows the axial ratio diagram of the planar antenna operating in circular polarization according to an embodiment of this application.

[0047] Figure 12B according to Figure 8A and Figure 8B This paper shows a schematic diagram of the reflection coefficient of the planar antenna when it is operating in circular polarization according to an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 12C according to Figure 8A and Figure 8B This paper shows a schematic diagram of the radiation efficiency of the planar antenna when it is operating in circular polarization according to an embodiment of this application.

[0049] Figure 13A This illustrates one exemplary layout of the graphene component in an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 13B This illustrates a second exemplary layout of the graphene component in an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 14A according to Figure 8A , Figure 13A and Figure 13B The diagram shows the axial ratio of the planar antenna in different graphene component layouts in the embodiments of this application;

[0052] Figure 14B according to Figure 8A , Figure 13A and Figure 13B The diagram shows the reflection coefficient of the planar antenna in different graphene component layouts in the embodiments of this application;

[0053] Figure 14C according to Figure 8A , Figure 11A and Figure 11B The diagram illustrates the radiation efficiency of the planar antenna in different graphene component layouts in the embodiments of this application.

[0054] Figure 15 Exemplary configurations of graphene components in other embodiments of this application are shown;

[0055] Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the planar antenna including a graphene component is shown in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0056] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0057] It should be understood that "multiple" as mentioned in this application refers to two or more. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " indicates "or," for example, A / B can mean A or B; "and / or" in this document is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist, for example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Furthermore, to facilitate a clear description of the technical solutions of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish identical or similar items with essentially the same function and effect. Those skilled in the art will understand that the terms "first," "second," etc., do not limit the quantity or execution order, and that "first," "second," etc., do not necessarily imply differences.

[0058] To facilitate understanding of the technical solution of this application, some concepts or terms involved in this application will be explained first.

[0059] Antenna polarization: Antenna polarization is defined by the spatial orientation of the electric field intensity vector of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna in the direction of maximum radiation. It is a parameter describing the spatial direction of the electromagnetic wave vector radiated by the antenna. Since the electric and magnetic fields of electromagnetic waves have a constant relationship, the spatial direction of the electric field intensity vector is generally used as the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna. Antenna polarization is divided into linear polarization, circular polarization, and elliptical polarization. Linear polarization is further divided into horizontal polarization and vertical polarization. Elliptical polarization is further divided into left-handed and right-handed elliptical polarization.

[0060] Specifically, Figures 1A to 1D This diagram illustrates the electric field intensity vector of an electromagnetic wave propagating along the positive Z-direction in an embodiment of this application. (Combined with...) Figures 1A to 1D In three-dimensional space, the electric field intensity vector of an electromagnetic wave propagating along the positive Z direction. Includes two components and and The instantaneous value in the time domain is shown in the following formula:

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] Among them, E Xm for The amplitude, w is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave, and k is the wave number. for phase, E Ym for amplitude, for The phase. According to and The relative relationship between amplitude and phase causes electromagnetic waves to exhibit different polarization states.

[0064] For example, refer to Figure 1B ,when and When the phase difference is an integer multiple of π, the resulting electric field vector The orthographic projection onto the XOY plane is a straight line, and the electromagnetic wave is a linearly polarized wave. Correspondingly, the antenna operates in a linearly polarized state. It can be understood that the XOY plane is a plane perpendicular to the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation (i.e., the positive Z direction). If the ground is taken as the reference plane, linearly polarized waves can be further divided into vertically polarized waves and horizontally polarized waves. Specifically, when the electric field vector... When the electric field vector is perpendicular to the ground, the electromagnetic wave is a vertically polarized wave; when the electric field vector is perpendicular to the ground, the electromagnetic wave is a vertically polarized wave. When parallel to the ground, electromagnetic waves are horizontally polarized waves.

[0065] For example, refer to Figure 1C ,when and When the phases are 90° apart and the amplitudes are equal, the resulting electric field vector... The orthographic projection onto the XOY plane is a circle, and the electromagnetic wave is a circularly polarized wave. Accordingly, the antenna operates in a circularly polarized state. Specifically, looking along the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave (i.e., the positive Z direction), the resulting electric field vector... The projection onto the XOY plane rotates clockwise, resulting in a right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic wave; conversely, looking along the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave (i.e., the positive Z direction), the resulting electric field vector... The projection in the XOY plane rotates counterclockwise, and the electromagnetic wave is a left-handed circularly polarized wave.

[0066] For example, refer to Figure 1D ,when and When the phase difference and amplitude are other than those conditions, the synthesized electric field vector The orthographic projection onto the XOY plane is an ellipse, and the electromagnetic wave is an elliptically polarized wave. Accordingly, the antenna operates in an elliptically polarized state. Similarly, looking along the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave (i.e., the positive Z direction), the resulting electric field vector... The projection onto the XOY plane rotates clockwise, resulting in a right-handed elliptically polarized electromagnetic wave; conversely, looking along the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave (i.e., the positive Z direction), the resulting electric field vector... The projection in the XOY plane rotates counterclockwise, and the electromagnetic wave is a left-handed elliptically polarized wave.

[0067] The ratio between the major axis a and the minor axis b of an elliptic wave is called the axial ratio. Generally speaking, when the axial ratio is less than 3dB (e.g., 0dB or 1dB), the electromagnetic wave can be approximated as a circularly polarized wave; when the axial ratio is between 3dB and 10dB (e.g., 3dB or 4dB), the electromagnetic wave is an ellipticly polarized wave; and when the axial ratio is greater than 10dB (e.g., 30dB or 40dB), the electromagnetic wave can be approximated as a linearly polarized wave.

[0068] The embodiments of this application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0069] This application provides a planar antenna and a terminal including the planar antenna. The terminal provided in this application can be any of the following terminals with wireless communication capabilities, including but not limited to: vehicle terminals, smart home terminals (e.g., smart TVs, smart switches, smart speakers, etc.), mobile phones, tablets, laptops, wireless headphones (e.g., true wireless stereo (TWS) headphones, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart bracelets, smart helmets, smart glasses, smart jewelry, etc.), augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) devices, etc. This application does not specifically limit the type of terminal.

[0070] For example, the terminal can be a ceiling speaker, and a planar antenna can be applied to the ceiling speaker. Figure 2A This illustrates an exemplary application scenario of the planar antenna 10 according to an embodiment of this application. (Reference) Figure 2A For example, the planar antenna 10 can be integrated into the reader 20 and mounted on the bottom of the housing 11 of the ceiling speaker 1. The planar antenna 10 is used to enable communication between the reader 20 and the passive tag 30, thereby enabling the function of sensing indoor objects.

[0071] Specifically, when the passive tag 20 enters the magnetic field generated by the reader 30, the reader 30 can activate the passive tag 20 through a radio frequency excitation signal emitted by the planar antenna 10. The passive tag 20 can modulate its stored object identification information onto the radio frequency signal using backscatter communication technology, and then send the reflected signal to the reader 30 through the planar antenna 10. After demodulating the received reflected signal, the reader 30 sends it to the central information system for data processing, thereby enabling the ceiling speaker 1 to identify and sense objects in the room, meeting the intelligent requirements of the ceiling speaker 1.

[0072] For example, the passive tag 20 typically operates in a circularly polarized state. That is, the electromagnetic waves emitted by the passive tag 20 are circularly polarized waves (e.g., left-hand circularly polarized waves or right-hand circularly polarized waves).

[0073] In order to communicate properly with the passive tag 20, the planar antenna 10 is sometimes a linearly polarized antenna. However, the polarization state of the linearly polarized antenna and the polarization state of the passive tag 20 are not perfectly matched, so there will be a 3dB loss in the signal during transmission, and the communication distance between the planar antenna 10 and the passive tag 20 is limited.

[0074] For example, the terminal can also be a vehicle, and planar antennas can also be applied to vehicles. Figure 2B This illustrates a second exemplary application scenario of the planar antenna 10 in an embodiment of this application. (See reference...) Figure 2B Vehicle 2 includes a planar antenna 10 integrated on a housing 40 on the roof. The planar antenna 10 can be used to enable communication between vehicle 2 and satellite 3 to determine the precise location of vehicle 1 and provide navigation functions. Satellite 2 can be any one or more of the following: Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites, BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) satellites, or Tiantong satellites.

[0075] Different satellite communication standards have different polarization states. For example, the L1 and L5 bands of the Global Navigation Satellite System are both right-hand circularly polarized. The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System uses a dual-frequency, dual-polarization combination (i.e., the uplink band is left-hand circularly polarized, and the downlink band is right-hand circularly polarized). The Tiantong satellite uses left-hand circularly polarized for both its uplink and downlink bands.

[0076] To enable communication between vehicle 2 and satellite 3, vehicle 2 may be equipped with multiple planar antennas with different polarizations in some cases. However, multiple planar antennas 10 will occupy a large layout space, which is not conducive to the high integration and miniaturization of vehicle 2.

[0077] To avoid the aforementioned problems of signal transmission loss and excessive space occupation, in some other cases, the planar antenna 10 can be a polarizable reconfigurable antenna.

[0078] For example, the feeding structure can be switched by a switch or a switch-like device to excite different current modes on the antenna radiator, thereby enabling the antenna to generate different polarization states and achieving antenna polarization reconfigurability.

[0079] Figure 3A A schematic diagram of the planar antenna 10a in some embodiments is shown. Figure 3BA schematic diagram of the feed network 200a in some embodiments of the planar antenna 10a is shown. (Reference) Figure 3A and Figure 3B The planar antenna 10a includes a radiator 100a and a feed network 200a connected to each other. The feed network 200a consists of six microstrip lines 210a and eight diodes (positive-intrinsic negative diodes, PINs) 220a. By changing the on / off state of the eight diodes 220a, different feeding methods can be achieved to excite currents with different directions and phase differences, thereby realizing the switching of polarization states such as left-hand circular polarization, right-hand circular polarization, -45° linear polarization, and +45° linear polarization.

[0080] However, in the above-mentioned planar antenna 10a, the on / off combinations of the eight diodes 220a are limited, which can only realize the discrete transformation of the above-mentioned typical polarization states. The application scenarios are limited and cannot meet the polarization matching requirements of various application scenarios.

[0081] For example, the current distribution characteristics on the radiator can be changed by altering its shape, thereby enabling the planar antenna to generate different polarization states and achieving reconfigurable antenna polarization.

[0082] Figures 4A to 4D Schematic diagrams of the structures of several planar antennas 10b in other embodiments are shown. For example... Figure 4A As shown, slots G1 can be made at the four corners of the radiator 100b of the planar antenna 10b, and switches 200b can be installed therein. By controlling the on / off state of the switches 200b, the shape of the radiator 100b can be changed, thereby achieving different polarization effects. Figure 4B As shown, slots G1 can also be made at the four corners of the radiator 100b of the planar antenna 10b, and diodes 300b can be installed therein. By controlling the on / off state of the diodes 300b, the shape of the radiator 100b can be changed, thereby achieving different polarization effects. Figure 4C As shown, slots G1 can also be made at the two corners of the planar antenna 10b, and diodes 300b can be installed therein. By controlling the on / off state of the diodes 300b, the shape of the radiator 100b can be changed, thereby achieving different polarization effects. Figure 4D As shown, the four corners of the radiator 100b can also be cut off and replaced with graphene 400b. Graphene 400b is a material with variable conductivity. By adjusting the conductivity and insulation properties of graphene 400b, the shape of the radiator 100b can be changed, thereby achieving different polarization effects.

[0083] However, in the planar antenna 10b described above, whether it is controlling the on / off state of the switch 200b or the diode 300b, or adjusting the conductivity of the graphene 400b, the radiator 100b can only achieve a few limited shape changes. Therefore, the planar antenna 10b can still only achieve discrete transformations of a few typical polarization states.

[0084] To address the aforementioned problem of discontinuous polarization state transitions, this application provides a planar antenna capable of continuously adjusting right-handed elliptical polarization, linear polarization, and left-handed elliptical polarization states. The following will describe this in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0085] It is understood that the planar antenna provided in this application may be, but is not limited to, either a patch antenna or a planar inverted F-shaped antenna (PIFA). For ease of description, the following description uses a patch antenna as an example.

[0086] Figure 5A and Figure 5B A schematic diagram of the planar antenna 10 in an embodiment of this application is shown, wherein, Figure 5A This is a top view of the planar antenna 10. Figure 5B This is an exploded view of the planar antenna 10. (Reference) Figure 5A and Figure 5B The planar antenna 10 includes a radiator 100, at least two graphene components 200, and an adjustment device 300.

[0087] The radiator 100 is located within the first plane S0. The radiator 100 may include a feed point P1 located at a first position. Feed point P1 is the feed connection point between the feed line 400 and the radiator 100. For example, when the planar antenna 10 is side-fed, the feed line 400 can be connected to the midpoint of the side 101 of the radiator 100, and feed point P1 is located at the midpoint of the side 101 of the radiator 100 (i.e., the first position). When the feed line 400 feeds the radiator 100 via feed point P1, a first current I1 can be generated on the radiator 100. The direction of the first current I1 is direction A (as the first direction). Direction A is parallel to the first plane S0.

[0088] It should be noted that the first current I1 distributed on the radiator 100 may include multiple current directions. These multiple current directions may have slight differences and are not strictly the same, but there is a general direction that can represent the overall current distribution. In this embodiment, the current direction of the first current I1 (i.e., direction A) refers to the approximate current direction of the first current I1.

[0089] Along direction B (as a second direction), the radiator 100 also includes a first radiating edge 110 and a second radiating edge 120 located on opposite sides of the feed point P1. Direction B is parallel to the first surface S0 and perpendicular to direction A.

[0090] The graphene component 200 is insulated from the radiator 100, meaning that the radiator 100 and the graphene component 200 are mutually insulated, thereby preventing the graphene component 200 from interfering with the radiation of the radiator 100.

[0091] The two graphene components 200 can be a first graphene component 200a and a second graphene component 200b, respectively. The first graphene component 200a has its orthographic projection S1 in the first plane S0 and its first radiating edge 110 at least partially overlapping. The second graphene component 200b has its orthographic projection S2 in the first plane S0 and its second radiating edge 120 at least partially overlapping.

[0092] The adjustment device 300 is connected to the first graphene component 200a and the second graphene component 200b to adjust the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a and the second graphene component 200b. Graphene components 200 with different sheet resistance values ​​absorb energy in direction A (i.e., the energy fed from the feeder 400 to the radiator 200) to different degrees, thus causing a change in potential in direction B, thereby generating a current along direction B (e.g., the second current I2 described below). The current along direction B and the first current I1 along direction A interact to change the current distribution characteristics on the radiator 100, thereby changing the polarization state of the planar antenna 10.

[0093] Figures 6A to 6C An exemplary current distribution diagram is shown on the radiator 100 of the planar antenna 10 under different polarization states in embodiments of this application. (Refer to...) Figures 6A to 6C The radiator 100 is rectangular, with the first radiating side 110 and the second radiating side 120 being two opposite sides of the rectangular radiator 100 along direction B. The orthographic projection S1 of the first graphene component 200a in the first plane S0 can be located at the lower right corner of the radiator 100, and the orthographic projection S2 of the second graphene component 200b in the first plane S0 can be located at the lower left corner of the radiator 100.

[0094] like Figure 6A As shown, when the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a is the same as that of the second graphene component 200b, there is no potential difference in direction B, and the current distributed on the radiator 200 is the first current I1 along direction A. At this time, the electromagnetic wave radiated by the radiator 200 is a linearly polarized wave. The planar antenna 10 operates in a linearly polarized state.

[0095] like Figure 6BAs shown, when the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a is greater than that of the second graphene component 200b, the energy absorbed by the first graphene component 200a in direction A is greater than the energy absorbed by the second graphene component 200b in direction A. Therefore, a second current I2 can be generated on the radiator 100. The second current I2 flows along direction B from the first radiating edge 110 to the second radiating edge 120. At this time, within one phase period, the current vector resulting from the superposition of the first current I1 and the second current I2 rotates clockwise. Therefore, the electromagnetic wave radiated by the radiator 200 can be a left-handed elliptically polarized wave. The planar antenna 10 can operate in a left-handed elliptically polarized state.

[0096] like Figure 6C As shown, when the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a is less than that of the second graphene component 200b, the energy absorbed by the first graphene component 200a in direction A is less than the energy absorbed by the second graphene component 200b in direction A. Therefore, a second current I2 can be generated on the radiator 100. The second current I2 flows along direction B from the second radiating edge 120 to the first radiating edge 110. At this time, within one phase period, the current vector resulting from the superposition of the first current I1 and the second current I2 rotates counterclockwise. Therefore, the electromagnetic wave radiated by the radiator 200 can be a right-handed elliptically polarized wave. The planar antenna 10 can operate in a right-handed elliptically polarized state.

[0097] It is understandable that as the difference between the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a and the sheet resistance of the second graphene component 200b gradually increases from a negative value to a positive value, the polarization state of the planar antenna 10 will continuously change from right-handed elliptical polarization, linear polarization to elliptical polarization, thereby realizing the function of continuous polarization reconfiguration of the planar antenna 10.

[0098] The aforementioned planar antenna 10, by adjusting the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a and the sheet resistance of the second graphene component 200b, can achieve continuous control of right-handed elliptic polarization, linear polarization, and left-handed circular elliptic polarization, and has excellent working performance.

[0099] Secondly, the first graphene component 200a and the second graphene component 200b are located near the radiator 100, eliminating the need for additional slits or bevels in the radiator 100 and thus avoiding damage to its structure. For example, Figures 4A to 4D The radiator 100b structure of the planar antenna 10b shown is destroyed, which significantly alters the original structure and affects the operational stability of the planar antenna 10b. However, in this application, the polarization of the planar antenna 10b can be continuously reconfigured by changing the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a and the sheet resistance of the second graphene component 200b, without changing the structure of the radiator 100.

[0100] Furthermore, the first graphene component 200a and the second graphene component 200b do not directly participate in radiation and do not introduce additional losses. Therefore, while achieving continuous polarization reconfiguration, they also ensure that the planar antenna 10 has good operating performance. For example, Figure 3A and Figure 3B In the planar antenna 10a shown, the feed network 200a is composed of six microstrip lines 210a and eight diodes 220a cascaded together. This results in significant losses in the feed network 200a, thus affecting the radiation efficiency of the planar antenna 10a. For example, Figures 4A to 4D In the planar antenna 10b shown, the switch 200b or diode 300b can easily affect the radiation efficiency of the planar antenna 10b. Furthermore, the graphene 400b, directly incorporated as part of the radiator 100b, also introduces losses, thus affecting the radiation efficiency of the planar antenna 10b.

[0101] Finally, the aforementioned planar antenna 10 has a simple structure, low profile for easy integration, low manufacturing cost, and good reliability. For example, Figure 3A and Figure 3B The feed network 200 of the planar antenna 10a shown is relatively large and complex in design, making it difficult to integrate the planar antenna 10a into a space-constrained terminal. For example, Figures 4A to 4C The planar antenna 10b shown, along with control devices such as switch 200b or diode 300b, needs to be connected across the gap G1, resulting in a complex overall structure, increased manufacturing costs, and poor structural reliability. In contrast, in this application, the first graphene component 200a and the second graphene component 200b are positioned close to the radiator 100, minimizing the thickness space occupied by the planar antenna 10. This results in a more compact and simple overall structure for the planar antenna 10, facilitating high integration and miniaturization of the terminal, while also offering lower cost and better reliability.

[0102] Continue reading Figure 5A In some embodiments of this application, along direction A, the ratio between the distance between the first graphene component 200a and the second graphene component 200b and the size of the radiator 100 can be 0 to 0.5, for example, 0, 0.1, 0.2, etc. Thus, by adjusting the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a and the sheet resistance of the second graphene component 200b, a larger second current (not shown) can be generated. This further enables the planar antenna 10 to achieve continuous adjustment between right-hand circular polarization, right-hand elliptical polarization, linear polarization, left-hand elliptical polarization, and left-hand circular polarization, further expanding its applicability.

[0103] To further enhance the continuous control effect between right-hand circular polarization, right-hand elliptical polarization, linear polarization, left-hand elliptical polarization and left-hand circular polarization of the planar antenna 10, the ratio between the distance between the first graphene component 200a and the second graphene component 200b and the size of the radiator 100 along the B direction can be 0.5 to 1, for example, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, etc.

[0104] To facilitate understanding of the polarization effect of the planar antenna 10, the following description is based on schematic diagrams showing the axial ratio, reflection coefficient, and radiation efficiency of the planar antenna 10 when it is operating in circular and linear polarization states.

[0105] For example, Figure 7A according to Figure 5A A schematic diagram of the axial ratio of the planar antenna 10 in the embodiments of this application when it is operating in circular polarization and linear polarization states is shown. Figure 7B according to Figure 5A A schematic diagram of the reflection coefficient of the planar antenna 10 in the embodiments of this application when it is operating in circular polarization and linear polarization states is shown. Figure 7C according to Figure 5A A schematic diagram illustrating the radiation efficiency of the planar antenna 10 in both circular and linear polarization states, as shown in the embodiments of this application, is presented. It should be noted that... Figures 7A to 7C The parameters of the planar antenna 10 are shown when the center frequency is 1.60 GHz.

[0106] refer to Figure 7A When the planar antenna 10 operates in circular polarization, the axial ratio can be less than 3dB, for example, the minimum axial ratio is about 2dB, and the planar antenna 10 has good circular polarization performance. When the planar antenna 10 operates in linear polarization, the axial ratio can be greater than 60dB, for example, the maximum axial ratio is about 70dB, and the planar antenna 10 has good linear polarization performance.

[0107] refer to Figure 7B The reflection coefficient curve of the planar antenna 10 operating in circular polarization is quite similar to that operating in linear polarization. Therefore, when the planar antenna 10 switches between circular and linear polarization, its reflection coefficient does not fluctuate significantly, thus effectively ensuring the operational stability of the planar antenna 10 and improving its performance.

[0108] refer to Figure 7C Whether operating in circular polarization or linear polarization, the planar antenna 10 maintains good radiation efficiency and excellent performance. For example, when operating in circular polarization, the radiation efficiency of the planar antenna 10 is approximately greater than 0.3. When operating in linear polarization, the radiation efficiency is approximately greater than 0.4.

[0109] Furthermore, the planar antenna 10 described above also has the advantage of a stable radiation pattern during continuous polarization adjustment. That is, the radiation direction of the planar antenna 10 does not change with the change of polarization, and the radiation stability of the planar antenna 10 is excellent.

[0110] The aforementioned planar antenna 10, through the rational arrangement of the first graphene component 200a and the second graphene component 200b, can achieve continuous control of various polarization states, including left-hand circular polarization, left-hand elliptical polarization, linear polarization, right-hand circular elliptical polarization, and right-hand circular polarization, as well as intermediate states. This meets the operational requirements of various application scenarios, effectively improves performance, and expands the applicability range. For example, when the aforementioned planar antenna 10 is applied to… Figure 2A When used in the ceiling speaker 1 shown, the planar antenna 10 can be well matched with the various polarization states of the passive tag 30. Furthermore, the planar antenna 10 has the advantages of a stable radiation pattern and low profile, thus effectively solving the problem of short communication distance between the reader 20 and the passive tag 30 due to polarization mismatch. It is also easy to integrate into the ceiling speaker 1. For example, when the aforementioned planar antenna 10 is applied... Figure 2B When the vehicle 2 shown is in use, it can achieve the polarization state required by various satellite communication standards without occupying too much layout space. At the same time, the planar antenna 10 also has the advantages of low profile and easy integration, which is conducive to achieving high integration and miniaturization.

[0111] Continue reading Figure 5A In some embodiments of this application, the adjusting device 300 can supply a first voltage V1 to the first graphene component 200a and a second voltage V2 to the second graphene component 200b. By controlling the magnitudes of the first voltage V1 and the second voltage V2, the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a and the sheet resistance of the second graphene component 200b can be adjusted, thereby achieving continuous control of the polarization state of the planar antenna 10.

[0112] For example, the regulating device 300 may include a voltage controller 310 and a DC bias line 320. The voltage controller 310 is connected to the first graphene component 200a and the second graphene component 200b via the DC bias line 320, so as to deliver a first voltage V1 to the first graphene component 200a and a second voltage V2 to the second graphene component 200b.

[0113] Combination Figure 5A and Figure 7A When both the first voltage V1 and the second voltage V2 are 0V, the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a and the sheet resistance of the second graphene component 200b are both 3000 ohm / sq. At this time, the planar antenna 10 can operate in a line-polarized state, and the axial ratio of the planar antenna 10 is approximately greater than 40dB.

[0114] When the first voltage V1 is 0V and the second voltage V2 varies between 0 and 5V, the polarization state of the planar antenna 10 can continuously switch between linear polarization, left-handed elliptical polarization, and left-handed circular polarization. For example, when the first voltage V1 is 0V and the second voltage V2 is 5V, the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a is 3000 ohms / sq, and the sheet resistance of the second graphene component 200b is 400 ohms / sq. At this time, the planar antenna 10 can operate in a left-handed circular polarization state, and the axial ratio of the planar antenna 10 is approximately less than 3dB.

[0115] Conversely, when the first voltage V1 varies between 0 and 5V and the second voltage is 0V, the polarization state of the planar antenna 10 can continuously switch between linear polarization, right-hand elliptical polarization, and right-hand circular polarization. For example, when the first voltage V1 is 5V and the second voltage V2 is 0V, the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a is 400 ohms / sq, and the sheet resistance of the second graphene component 200b is 3000 ohms / sq. In this case, the planar antenna 10 can operate in a right-hand circular polarization state, and the axial ratio of the planar antenna 10 is approximately less than 3dB.

[0116] The aforementioned adjustment device 300 can accurately control the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a and the second graphene component 200b via voltage, thereby effectively improving the continuously adjustable polarization state of the planar antenna 10. Furthermore, the adjustment device 300 has low wiring complexity and a simple structure. For example, Figure 3A and Figure 3B The planar antenna 10a shown requires controlling the switching on and off of eight diodes 220a. For example, Figure 4A The planar antenna 10b shown also requires complex control lines to control the switching on and off of multiple diodes 200b. However, the adjustment device 300 in this application can adjust the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a and the sheet resistance of the second graphene component 200b through a voltage controller 310 and a DC bias line 320. The control method is simple and the wiring complexity is small.

[0117] In some embodiments of this application, the number of graphene components 200 can be four. Four graphene components 200 can make the current synthesized by the first current I1 and the second current I2 more uniformly distributed on the radiator 100. This further improves the effect of continuous control of the polarization state of the planar antenna 10. Figure 8A and Figure 8B An exemplary arrangement of four graphene components 200 in an embodiment of this application is shown, wherein, Figure 8A This is a top view of the planar antenna 10. Figure 8B This is an exploded view of the planar antenna 10. (Combined with...) Figure 8A and Figure 8BThe four graphene components 200 are designated as first graphene component 200a, second graphene component 200b, third graphene component 200c, and fourth graphene component 200d. The orthographic projections S1 of the first graphene component 200a, S2 of the second graphene component 200b, S3 of the third graphene component 200c, and S4 of the fourth graphene component 200d onto the first plane S0 are non-overlapping.

[0118] The orthographic projections S1 of the first graphene component 200a and S3 of the third graphene component 200c in the first plane S0 at least partially overlap with the first radiating edge 110; the orthographic projections S2 of the second graphene component 200b and S4 of the fourth graphene component 200d in the first plane S0 at least partially overlap with the second radiating edge 120. Furthermore, along direction A, the first graphene component 200a is further away from the fourth graphene component 200d than the third graphene component 200c; the second graphene component 200b is closer to the first graphene component 200a than the fourth graphene component 200d.

[0119] For example, the radiator 100 is rectangular, with the first radiating side 110 and the second radiating side 120 being two opposite sides of the rectangular radiator 100 along direction B. The orthographic projection S1 of the first graphene component 200a in the first plane S0 can be located at the lower right corner of the radiator 100, and the orthographic projection S2 of the second graphene component 200b in the first plane S0 can be located at the lower left corner of the radiator 100. The orthographic projection S3 of the third graphene component 200b in the first plane S0 can be located at the upper right corner of the radiator 100. The orthographic projection S4 of the fourth graphene component 200d in the first plane S0 can be located at the upper left corner of the radiator 100.

[0120] Similarly, the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a, the second graphene component 200b, the third graphene component 200c, and the fourth graphene component 200d can be adjusted by the adjustment device 300 to change the current distribution characteristics on the radiator 100, thereby changing the polarization state of the planar antenna 10.

[0121] Figures 9A to 9C An exemplary distribution diagram of the current on the radiator 100 of the planar antenna 10 under different polarization states in embodiments of this application is shown. For example, as... Figure 9A As shown, when the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a is the same as that of the second graphene component 200b, there is no potential difference in direction B, and the current distributed on the radiator 200 is the first current I1 along direction A. The planar antenna 10 operates in a line-polarized state.

[0122] like Figure 9B As shown, when the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a is greater than that of the second graphene component 200b, and the sheet resistance of the third graphene component 200c is less than that of the fourth graphene component 200d, a second current I2 can be generated on the radiator 100. The second current I2 in the lower half of the radiator 100 flows along direction B from the first radiating edge 110 to the second radiating edge 120. The second current I2 in the upper half of the radiator 100 flows along direction B from the second radiating edge 120 to the first radiating edge 110. At this time, within one phase period, the current vector resulting from the superposition of the first current I1 and the second current I2 rotates clockwise. The planar antenna 10 can operate in a left-handed elliptical polarization state.

[0123] like Figure 9C As shown, when the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a is less than that of the second graphene component 200b, and the sheet resistance of the third graphene component 200c is greater than that of the fourth graphene component 200d, a second current I2 can be generated on the radiator 100. The second current I2 in the lower half of the radiator 100 flows along direction B from the second radiating edge 120 to the first radiating edge 110. The second current I2 in the upper half of the radiator 100 flows along direction B from the first radiating edge 110 to the second radiating edge 120. At this time, within one phase period, the current vector resulting from the superposition of the first current I1 and the second current I2 rotates counterclockwise. The planar antenna 10 can operate in a right-handed elliptical polarization state.

[0124] Continue reading Figure 8A and Figure 8B Similarly, in some embodiments of this application, along direction A, the ratio of the distance between the first graphene component 200a and the second graphene component 200b to the size of the radiator 100 can be 0 to 0.5, for example, 0, 0.1, 0.2, etc.; the ratio of the distance between the third graphene component 200c and the fourth graphene component 200d to the size of the radiator 100 can be 0 to 0.5, for example, 0, 0.1, 0.2, etc. Furthermore, along direction B, the ratio of the distance between the first graphene component 200a and the second graphene component 200b to the size of the radiator 100 can be 0.5 to 1, for example, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, etc.; the ratio of the distance between the third graphene component 200c and the fourth graphene component 200d to the size of the radiator 100 can be 0.5 to 1, for example, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, etc. This enables the planar antenna 10 to achieve continuous control between right-hand circular polarization, right-hand elliptical polarization, linear polarization, left-hand elliptical polarization and left-hand circular polarization, further improving the effect of continuous polarization control and expanding the applicable range.

[0125] The regulating device 300 can also adjust the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a, the second graphene component 200b, the third graphene component 200c, and the fourth graphene component 200d by voltage.

[0126] Specifically, the regulating device 300 can supply a first voltage V1 to the first graphene component 200a and the fourth graphene component 200d, and a second voltage V2 to the second graphene component 200b and the third graphene component 200c. By controlling the magnitude of the first voltage V1, the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a and the fourth graphene component 200d can be adjusted; by controlling the magnitude of the second voltage V2, the sheet resistance of the second graphene component 200b and the third graphene component 200c can be adjusted, thereby realizing continuous adjustment of the polarization state of the planar antenna 10.

[0127] For example, when both the first voltage V1 and the second voltage V2 are 0V, the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a, the sheet resistance of the second graphene component 200b, the sheet resistance of the third graphene component 200c, and the sheet resistance of the fourth graphene component 200d are all 3000 ohms / sq. At this time, the axial ratio of the planar antenna 10 is approximately greater than 40dB, and the planar antenna 10 can operate in an online polarized state.

[0128] When the first voltage V1 is 0V and the second voltage V2 varies between 0 and 5V, the polarization state of the planar antenna 10 can continuously switch between linear polarization, left-handed elliptical polarization, and left-handed circular polarization. For example, when the first voltage V1 is 0V and the second voltage V2 is 5V, the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a and the fourth graphene component 200d is 3000 ohms / sq, and the sheet resistance of the second graphene component 200b and the third graphene component is 400 ohms / sq. At this time, the axial ratio of the planar antenna 10 is less than 3dB, and the planar antenna 10 can operate in a left-handed circular polarization state.

[0129] Conversely, when the first voltage V1 varies between 0 and 5V and the second voltage is 0V, the polarization state of the planar antenna 10 can continuously switch between linear polarization, right-hand elliptical polarization, and right-hand circular polarization. For example, when the first voltage V1 is 5V and the second voltage V2 is 0V, the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a and the fourth graphene component 200d is 400 ohms / sq, and the sheet resistance of the second graphene component 200b and the third graphene component 200c is 3000 ohms / sq. In this case, the planar antenna 10 can operate in a right-hand circular polarization state.

[0130] Figure 10A according to Figure 8A and Figure 8BThe diagram shows the axial ratio of the planar antenna 10 in the embodiments of this application when it is operating in left-hand circular polarization, right-hand circular polarization and linear polarization states. Figure 10B according to Figure 8A and Figure 8B The diagram shows the reflection coefficients of the planar antenna 10 in the embodiments of this application when it operates in left-hand circular polarization, right-hand circular polarization, and linear polarization states. Figure 10C according to Figure 8A and Figure 8B The diagram illustrates the radiation efficiency of the planar antenna 10 in the embodiments of this application when it operates in left-hand circular polarization, right-hand circular polarization, and linear polarization states. Figure 10D according to Figure 8A and Figure 8B A schematic diagram showing the continuous variation of the 10-axis ratio of the planar antenna in an embodiment of this application is shown. It should be noted that... Figures 10A to 10D The following are the operating parameters of the planar antenna 10 when the center frequency is 1.60 GHz.

[0131] refer to Figure 10A When the planar antenna 10 operates in left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization, the minimum axial ratio can be less than 3dB, and the circular polarization effect of the planar antenna 10 is good. When the planar antenna 10 operates in linear polarization, the axial ratio can be greater than 60dB, and the linear polarization effect of the planar antenna 10 is good.

[0132] refer to Figure 10B The reflection coefficient curves of the planar antenna 10 operating in left-hand circular polarization, right-hand circular polarization, and linear polarization are quite similar. Therefore, when the planar antenna 10 continuously switches between left-hand circular polarization, right-hand circular polarization, and linear polarization, the reflection coefficient does not fluctuate significantly, thus effectively ensuring the operational stability of the planar antenna 10 and improving its performance.

[0133] refer to Figure 10C Regardless of whether it operates in left-hand circular polarization, right-hand circular polarization, or linear polarization, the planar antenna 10 maintains good radiation efficiency and excellent performance. For example, when the planar antenna 10 operates in left-hand or right-hand circular polarization, the radiation efficiency is approximately greater than 0.2. As another example, when the planar antenna 10 operates in linear polarization, the radiation efficiency is approximately greater than 0.3.

[0134] refer to Figure 10DWhen the first voltage V1 remains constant at 0V, and the second voltage V2 gradually decreases from 5V to 0V, the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a and the fourth graphene component 200d remains constant at 3000 ohms / sq, while the sheet resistance of the second graphene component 200b and the third graphene component 200c increases sequentially from 400 ohms / sq, 800 ohms / sq, 1000 ohms / sq, 1500 ohms / sq, 2000 ohms / sq, to ​​3000 ohms / sq. At this time, the axial ratio of the planar antenna 10 also gradually increases. The polarization state of the planar antenna 10 can be sequentially and gradually changed to left-hand circular polarization, left-hand elliptical polarization, and linear polarization, demonstrating excellent continuous control over the polarization state of the planar antenna 10.

[0135] For example, Figure 11A according to Figure 3A and Figure 3B A schematic diagram of the axial ratio of the planar antenna 10a in some embodiments is shown. Figure 11B according to Figure 4C A schematic diagram of the axial ratio of the planar antenna 10b in some other embodiments is shown. (Reference) Figure 11A and Figure 11B Although the minimum axial ratios of planar antennas 10a and 10b are both less than 3dB, enabling circular polarization control, their axial ratios cannot be gradually changed. Therefore, both planar antennas 10a and 10b can only achieve discrete changes in linear and circular polarization, resulting in limited control effects.

[0136] In this application, the planar antenna 10 can achieve continuous switching of polarization state. (Comparison) Figure 10D and Figure 11A , Figure 11B The planar antenna 10 provided in this application has a continuously variable axial ratio, thereby achieving continuous control of polarization state. The polarization control effect is excellent, effectively expanding the scope of application and meeting the working requirements of different application scenarios.

[0137] Continue reading Figure 5A , Figure 5B , Figure 8A and Figure 8BIn some embodiments of this application, the graphene component 200 may include multiple layers of graphene 210 stacked along the C direction (as a third direction). Furthermore, a separator paper 220 is provided between adjacent layers of graphene 210. The separator paper 220 is typically soaked in an ionic liquid to further expand the sheet resistance variation range of the graphene component 200, thereby improving the polarization state control effect of the planar antenna 10. For example, the graphene component 200 may include two layers of graphene 210, with a separator paper 220 provided between them. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the graphene component 200 may include only one layer of graphene 210; this application is not limited to this. The C direction is perpendicular to the first plane S0.

[0138] In some embodiments of this application, the sheet resistance of the graphene component 200 can vary from 1 ohm / sq to 1 Mohm / sq, thereby further improving the control effect of the polarization state of the planar antenna 10. Exemplarily, the sheet resistance variation range of the graphene component 200 can be improved by enhancing the fabrication process of the graphene component 200. For example, the preparation temperature and formulation of the graphene 210 in the graphene component 200 can be controlled. Another example is changing the composition of the ionic liquid soaked in the separator paper 210 in the graphene component 200; this application does not impose limitations on these aspects.

[0139] For example, when both the first voltage V1 and the second voltage V2 are 0V, the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a, the sheet resistance of the second graphene component 200b, the sheet resistance of the third graphene component 200c, and the sheet resistance of the fourth graphene component 200d are all 1 Mohm / sq. At this time, the planar antenna 10 can operate in a line-polarized state, and the axial ratio of the planar antenna 10 is approximately greater than 40dB.

[0140] When the first voltage V1 is 0V and the second voltage V2 varies between 0 and 5V, the polarization state of the planar antenna 10 can continuously change between linear polarization, left-handed elliptical polarization, and left-handed circular polarization. For example, when the first voltage V1 is 0V and the second voltage V2 is 5V, the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a and the fourth graphene component 200d are both 1 Mohm / sq, and the sheet resistance of the second graphene component 200b and the third graphene component are both 1 ohm / sq. In this case, the planar antenna 10 can operate in a left-handed circular polarization state, and the axial ratio of the planar antenna 10 is approximately less than 3dB.

[0141] Conversely, when the first voltage V1 varies between 0 and 5V and the second voltage is 0V, the polarization state of the planar antenna 10 can continuously change between linear polarization, right-handed elliptical polarization, and right-handed circular polarization. For example, when the first voltage V1 is 5V and the second voltage V2 is 0V, the sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a and the fourth graphene component 200d is 1 Mohm / sq, and the sheet resistance of the second graphene component 200b and the third graphene component 200c is 1 ohm / sq. In this case, the planar antenna 10 can operate in a right-handed circular polarization state, and the axial ratio of the planar antenna 10 is approximately less than 3dB.

[0142] Figure 12A according to Figure 8A and Figure 8B A schematic diagram of the axial ratio of the planar antenna 10 in the embodiment of this application when it is operating in circular polarization is shown. Figure 12B according to Figure 8A and Figure 8B A schematic diagram of the reflection coefficient of the planar antenna 10 in the embodiment of this application when it is operating in circular polarization is shown. Figure 12C according to Figure 8A and Figure 8B A schematic diagram illustrating the radiation efficiency of the planar antenna 10 in circular polarization according to an embodiment of this application is shown. It should be noted that... Figures 12A to 12C The sheet resistance of the first graphene component 200a, the second graphene component 200b, the third graphene component 200c, and the fourth graphene component 200d in the planar antenna 10 varies from 1 ohm / sq to 1 Mohm / sq. (Reference) Figures 12A to 12C When the planar antenna 10 operates in circular polarization, the minimum axial ratio is about 1dB, indicating good polarization control. The minimum reflection coefficient is about -15dB, indicating good performance. The radiation efficiency is as high as 0.9, indicating high radiation efficiency.

[0143] Continue reading Figure 5A and Figure 8A In this embodiment, when the radiator 100 is rectangular and there are two graphene components 200, the orthographic projections of the two graphene components 200 in the first plane S0 (e.g., orthographic projections S1 and S2) at least partially overlap with the two vertices of the radiator 100. The orthographic projections of the two graphene components 200 in the first plane S0 are symmetrically distributed with respect to the axis of symmetry L1 of the radiator 100. When there are four graphene components 200, the orthographic projections of the four graphene components 200 in the first plane S0 (e.g., orthographic projections S1 to S4) at least partially overlap with the four vertices of the radiator 100. The orthographic projections of the four graphene components 200 in the first plane S0 are symmetrically distributed with respect to the axis of symmetry L1 of the radiator 100. In other embodiments, the graphene components 200 may also be disposed in other positions.

[0144] For example, Figure 13A This illustration shows one exemplary layout of the graphene component 200 according to an embodiment of this application. (See reference...) Figure 13A The orthographic projections of the four graphene components 200 in the first plane S0 can at least partially overlap with the two ends of the first radiating edge 110 and the two ends of the second radiating edge 120, respectively. For example, the orthographic projection S1 of the first graphene component 200a and the orthographic projection S3 of the third graphene component 200c in the first plane S0 at least partially overlap with the two ends of the first radiating edge 110, respectively; the orthographic projection S2 of the second graphene component 200b in the first plane S0 and the orthographic projection S4 of the fourth graphene component 200d in the first plane S0 at least partially overlap with the two ends of the second radiating edge 120, respectively.

[0145] For example, Figure 13B This illustrates a second exemplary layout of the graphene component 200 in an embodiment of this application. (See reference...) Figure 13B The orthographic projections of the four graphene components 200 in the first plane S0 can also be asymmetrically distributed relative to the axis of symmetry L1 of the radiator 100. For example, the orthographic projection S1 of the first graphene component 200a in the first plane S0 is slightly offset along the A direction relative to the orthographic projection S2 of the second graphene component 200b in the first plane S0; the orthographic projection S3 of the third graphene component 200c in the first plane S0 is slightly offset along the A direction relative to the orthographic projection S4 of the fourth graphene component 200d in the first plane S0.

[0146] It is understandable that the above Figure 13A and Figure 13B The layout of the graphene components 200 is illustrated using only four graphene components 200 as an example. When there are two graphene components 200, the same principle applies. Figure 13A and Figure 13B The layout is detailed below.

[0147] Figure 14A according to Figure 8A , Figure 13A and Figure 13B The diagram shows the axial ratio of the planar antenna 10 in different layouts of the graphene components 200 in the embodiments of this application. Figure 14B according to Figure 8A , Figure 13A and Figure 13B The diagram shows the reflection coefficient of the planar antenna 10 under different layouts of the graphene components 200 in the embodiments of this application. Figure 14C according to Figure 8A , Figure 13A and Figure 13BThe diagram illustrates the radiation efficiency of the planar antenna 10 under different graphene component 200 layouts in embodiments of this application. (Reference) Figures 14A to 14C Whether the four graphene components 200 are respectively located at the four vertices of the radiator 100, or respectively located at both ends of the first radiating edge 110 and the second radiating edge 120, or even asymmetrically distributed with respect to the axis of symmetry L1 of the radiator 100, the planar antenna 10, in circular polarization, exhibits a minimum axial ratio of less than 3 dB, a reflection coefficient of less than -10 dB, and a radiation efficiency greater than 0.2. Therefore, the planar antenna 10 can achieve good continuous polarization control and excellent performance, making it widely applicable.

[0148] Continue reading Figure 5B and Figure 8B In some embodiments of this application, the planar antenna 10 further includes a first dielectric substrate 500 and a ground plane 600. Along the C-direction, the radiator 100, the first dielectric substrate 500, and the ground plane 600 are sequentially stacked. A graphene component 200 may also be disposed between the first dielectric substrate 500 and the ground plane 600, and the graphene component 200 and the ground plane 600 are insulated from each other to ensure that the graphene component 200 does not interfere with the ground plane 600. Exemplarily, a second dielectric substrate 700 may be disposed between the graphene component 200 and the ground plane 600. The graphene component 200 can be insulated from the ground plane 600 through the second dielectric substrate 700.

[0149] or, Figure 15 Exemplary configurations of the graphene component 200 in other embodiments of this application are shown. Reference Figure 15 The graphene component 200 can be located on the side of the radiator 100 facing away from the first dielectric plate 500. Furthermore, an insulating layer (not shown) is provided between the graphene component 200 and the radiator 100 so that the graphene component 200 can be insulated from the radiator 100. Figure 15 For details regarding the axial ratio variation, reflection coefficient, and radiation efficiency of the planar antenna 10 shown, please refer to [reference needed]. Figures 10A to 10D The details and related descriptions will not be elaborated here.

[0150] In some embodiments of this application, the shape of the radiator 100 may be any one or more of a rectangle, a circle, or a polygon, including but not limited to.

[0151] In some embodiments of this application, the shape of the orthographic projection of the graphene component 200 in the first plane S0 (e.g., the above-mentioned orthographic projections S1 to S4) includes, but is not limited to, any one or more of the following: rectangle, sector, circle, or polygon.

[0152] It should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples of the planar antenna 10 including two or four graphene components 200, and those skilled in the art can make other modifications. For example, in other embodiments, the planar antenna 10 may also include only one graphene component 200. Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the structure of the planar antenna 10, including a graphene component 200, is shown in an embodiment of this application. (Reference) Figure 16 The orthographic projection S of the graphene component 200 within the first plane S0 can at least partially overlap with the first radiating edge 110. The adjustment device 300 is connected to the graphene component 200 to adjust the sheet resistance of the graphene component 200, thereby achieving continuous control of the linear polarization, left-handed elliptical polarization, and left-handed circular polarization of the planar antenna 10. For details, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 6A and Figure 6B The details and related descriptions will not be elaborated here.

[0153] Alternatively, in other alternative embodiments, the orthographic projection S of the graphene component 200 in the first plane may at least partially overlap with the second radiating edge 120. By adjusting the sheet resistance of the graphene component 200, continuous control of the linear polarization, right-hand elliptic polarization, and left-hand elliptic polarization of the planar antenna 10 can be achieved. For details, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 6A and Figure 6C The details and related descriptions will not be elaborated here.

[0154] The specific embodiments described above illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. Although the description of this application is presented in conjunction with some embodiments, this does not mean that the features of this application are limited to this embodiment. On the contrary, the purpose of describing the application in conjunction with embodiments is to cover other options or modifications that may be derived based on the claims of this application. This application may also be implemented without using these details. Furthermore, to avoid confusion or obscuring the focus of this application, some specific details have been omitted in the description. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0155] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "outer", "inner", "circumferential", "radial", "axial", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0156] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "fit" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0157] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A planar antenna, characterized in that, Includes a radiator, at least two graphene components, and a regulating device; wherein: The radiator is located in a first plane, and the radiator is fed an electrical signal through a feed point located at a first position so as to generate a first current along a first direction, which is parallel to the first plane. Along the second direction, the radiator includes a first radiating edge and a second radiating edge located on both sides of the feed point, the second direction being parallel to the first plane and perpendicular to the first direction; The two graphene components are respectively insulated from and connected to the radiator, and the orthographic projection of one of the graphene components in the first plane at least partially overlaps with the first radiating edge, and the orthographic projection of the other graphene component in the first plane at least partially overlaps with the second radiating edge. The adjustment device is connected to the two graphene components and is used to adjust the sheet resistance of the two graphene components.

2. The planar antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the first direction, the ratio between the distance between the two graphene components and the size of the radiator is 0 to 0.

5.

3. The planar antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, Along the second direction, the ratio between the distance between the two graphene components and the size of the radiator is 0.5 to 1.

4. The planar antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The regulating device is used to supply a first voltage to one of the two graphene components and a second voltage to the other graphene component. The regulating device can control the magnitude of the first voltage and the magnitude of the second voltage to adjust the sheet resistance of the two graphene components.

5. The planar antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The regulating device includes a voltage controller and a DC bias line, and the voltage controller is connected to the two graphene components through the DC bias line.

6. The planar antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of graphene components is four, and the orthographic projections of the four graphene components in the first plane do not overlap. The four graphene components are respectively a first graphene component, a second graphene component, a third graphene component, and a fourth graphene component, wherein: The orthographic projections of the first graphene component and the third graphene component in the first plane respectively at least partially overlap with the first radiating edge, and the orthographic projections of the second graphene component and the fourth graphene component in the first plane respectively at least partially overlap with the second radiating edge. Furthermore, along the first direction, the first graphene component is farther away from the fourth graphene component than the third graphene component, and the second graphene component is closer to the first graphene component than the fourth graphene component. The regulating device is used to supply a first voltage to the first graphene component and the fourth graphene component, and to supply a second voltage to the second graphene component and the third graphene component.

7. The planar antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, Along the first direction, the ratio of the distance between the first graphene component and the second graphene component to the size of the radiator is 0 to 0.5, and the ratio of the distance between the third graphene component and the fourth graphene component to the size of the radiator is 0 to 0.

5. Along the second direction, the ratio between the distance between the first graphene component and the second graphene component and the size of the radiator is 0.5 to 1, and the ratio between the size of the third graphene component and the fourth graphene component and the size of the radiator is 0.5 to 1.

8. The planar antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sheet resistance of the graphene component varies from 1 ohm / sq to 1 Mohm / sq.

9. The planar antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The graphene component includes a single layer of graphene, or multiple layers of graphene stacked along a third direction, with a separator paper between adjacent layers of graphene, the third direction being perpendicular to the first plane.

10. The planar antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planar antenna includes a first dielectric substrate and a ground plane. The radiator, the first dielectric substrate, and the ground plane are stacked sequentially along a third direction, which is perpendicular to the first plane. The graphene component is located on the side of the radiator facing away from the first dielectric plate, and an insulating layer is provided between the graphene component and the radiator; alternatively, the graphene component is located between the first dielectric plate and the ground plane, and the graphene component and the ground plane are insulated from each other.

11. The planar antenna according to claim 10, characterized in that, A second dielectric plate is provided between the graphene component and the ground plane.

12. The planar antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the orthographic projection of the graphene component in the first plane includes any one or more of the following: rectangle, circle, sector, or polygon.

13. The planar antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the radiator includes any one or more of the following: rectangular, circular, or polygonal.

14. The planar antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planar antenna is either a patch antenna or a planar inverted-F antenna.

15. A planar antenna, characterized in that, Includes a radiator, graphene components, and modulation devices; wherein: The radiator is located in a first plane, and the radiator is fed an electrical signal through a feed point located at a first position so as to generate a first current along a first direction, which is parallel to the first plane. Along the second direction, the radiator includes a first radiating edge and a second radiating edge located on both sides of the feed point, the second direction being parallel to the first plane and perpendicular to the first direction; The graphene component is insulated from the radiator, and the orthographic projection of the graphene component in the first plane at least partially overlaps with the first radiating edge or the second radiating edge. The adjustment device is connected to the graphene component and is used to adjust the sheet resistance of the graphene component.

16. A terminal, characterized in that, It includes a housing and a planar antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the planar antenna is disposed on the housing.

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