Self-sensing electromagnetic reflection scattering response regulation and control device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-sensing electromagnetic reflection scattering response regulation and control device and method, and the device comprises a reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface which comprises a plurality of metasurface units which are arranged at intervals, and each metasurface unit achieves the reflection phase adjustment of the metasurface unit through the flowing position of liquid metal in a micro-channel; the reconfigurable planar antenna comprises a plurality of antenna units, and the antenna units realize the frequency and directional diagram reconstruction of the antenna through the flowing position of the liquid metal in the micro-channel; and the driving control unit is used for generating a coding sequence of the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface according to the incident wave electromagnetic parameters sensed by the reconfigurable planar antenna and driving liquid metal in the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface to flow according to a position state corresponding to the coding sequence. According to the invention, the frequency and direction of incident electromagnetic waves are sensed by the reconfigurable planar antenna, real-time coding adjustment of the metasurface array is realized, and then adaptive electromagnetic reflection and scattering adjustment is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electromagnetic metasurfaces and sensing and control technology, and particularly to a self-sensing electromagnetic reflection and scattering response control device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Electromagnetic response manipulation is a crucial function of electromagnetic metasurfaces in communication, sensing, and imaging. As a novel type of artificial composite microstructure, electromagnetic metasurfaces possess extraordinary physical properties not found in natural materials. Due to the designability of their material structure properties, it is possible to flexibly control material performance and electromagnetic wave response by designing suitable structures. This has led to rapid development and application in camouflage and stealth technology, communication technology, and sensing technology. For example, in communication systems, frequency band resources can be dynamically allocated based on real-time frequency sensing results, effectively improving spectrum utilization efficiency.

[0003] Electromagnetic metasurfaces, as artificially designed two-dimensional microstructure materials, possess the ability to flexibly control the phase, amplitude, and polarization of electromagnetic waves, and have wide applications in radar stealth, communication systems, and electromagnetic imaging. While existing reconfigurable metasurfaces can achieve a certain degree of control through MEMS, liquid crystals, and diodes, they still rely on preset or fixed electromagnetic information inputs and cannot achieve autonomous sensing and response in unknown or dynamic environments, thus limiting their application in complex scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a self-sensing electromagnetic reflection and scattering response control device and method, realizing the integration of electromagnetic sensing and control as well as the adaptive adjustment of electromagnetic properties.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of the present invention provides a self-sensing electromagnetic reflection and scattering response control device, comprising:

[0006] The reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface includes multiple spaced metasurface units, and the reflection phase of each metasurface unit is adjusted by the flow position of liquid metal in the microchannel.

[0007] A reconfigurable planar antenna includes multiple antenna elements, wherein the frequency and radiation pattern of the antenna are reconfigured by the flow position of liquid metal in a microchannel; and

[0008] The drive control unit is used to generate an encoding sequence of the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface based on the incident wave electromagnetic parameters sensed by the reconfigurable planar antenna and drive the liquid metal in the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface to flow according to the position state corresponding to the encoding sequence, so as to regulate the reflected wave of the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface.

[0009] Furthermore, the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface and the reconfigurable planar antenna are arranged in the same plane. The metasurface unit includes multiple microchannel structures spaced apart along the horizontal and vertical directions, and the microchannel structures have channels for the flow of liquid metal. The antenna unit also has microchannel structures for the flow of liquid metal.

[0010] Furthermore, the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface includes a sealing layer, a flexible dielectric layer, and a drive control layer. The sealing layer, the flexible dielectric layer, and the drive control layer are stacked sequentially. The flexible dielectric layer has an array of microchannel structures, each with a flow channel for liquid metal to flow through. The drive control layer is used to control the flow position and shape of the liquid metal in the flow channel. The drive control unit is formed in the drive control layer.

[0011] Furthermore, the flow channel of each microchannel structure is shaped like an oblique cross, the spacing between each microchannel structure is 15-19 mm, the length of the cross arm of each microchannel structure is 7-8 mm, and the thickness of the flexible dielectric layer is 6.5-7.5 mm.

[0012] Furthermore, the incident wave electromagnetic parameters sensed by the reconfigurable planar antenna include the incident wave frequency and direction.

[0013] Furthermore, the liquid metal flow position in at least two metasurface units with a certain phase difference is defined as the Nth state, where N≥2, and the drive control unit generates the encoding sequence according to the state distribution order of all metasurface units in the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface.

[0014] Furthermore, the reflection phase modulation satisfies the following formula:

[0015]

[0016] Where f(θ, φ) is the far-field pattern function of the M×M reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface, f e (θ, φ) represents the far-field pattern function of the metasurface element, where θ is the elevation angle, φ is the azimuth angle, and d is the metasurface element spacing. Let (m, n) be the reflection phase of the metasurface element, (m, n) be the coordinates of the metasurface element, k be the wave number, and M be the number of metasurface elements in each row of the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface.

[0017] Furthermore, the reconfigurable planar antenna achieves self-sensing of the incident wave frequency and direction through frequency tuning and beam scanning, and feeds back the sensing results to the drive control unit.

[0018] Furthermore, the drive control unit controls the flow of liquid metal in the microchannel using electromagnetic, voltage, and / or pressure methods.

[0019] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for controlling the self-sensing electromagnetic reflection and scattering response, based on the above-mentioned control device, the method comprising the following steps:

[0020] 1) Obtain the incident wave electromagnetic parameters using a reconfigurable planar antenna;

[0021] 2) Generate a coding sequence for the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface based on the obtained incident wave electromagnetic parameters;

[0022] 3) Drive the liquid metal in the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface to flow according to the positional state corresponding to the encoded sequence;

[0023] 4) The reconfigurable planar antenna can dynamically reconfigure the operating frequency and radiation pattern, sense the incident electromagnetic parameters of different targets' radiation or emission, and repeat (2)-(3) above to achieve dynamic response control.

[0024] This invention enables real-time encoding adjustment of a metasurface array by using a reconfigurable planar antenna to sense the frequency and direction of incident electromagnetic waves, thereby achieving adaptive electromagnetic reflection and scattering regulation. It can be applied to the fields of communication, stealth camouflage, and electromagnetic environment sensing. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a self-sensing electromagnetic reflection and scattering response control device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structural reconstruction of a metasurface unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface reflection principle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structural reconstruction of a reconfigurable planar antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a metasurface unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a two-dimensional beam-tuning pattern of a reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 The reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface encoding sequence of one embodiment of the present invention is a three-dimensional far-field pattern of encoding 1;

[0033] Figure 8 The reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface coding sequence of one embodiment of the present invention is a three-dimensional far-field pattern of coding 2;

[0034] Figure 9 The reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface coding sequence of one embodiment of the present invention is a three-dimensional far-field pattern of coding 3;

[0035] Figure 10 The reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface coding sequence of one embodiment of the present invention is a three-dimensional far-field pattern of coding 4;

[0036] Figure 11 This is a two-dimensional scattering pattern of a reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 12 The reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface coding sequence of one embodiment of the present invention is a three-dimensional far-field pattern of coding 5;

[0038] Figure 13 The reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface encoding sequence of an embodiment of the present invention is a three-dimensional far-field pattern of encoding 6. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the self-sensing electromagnetic reflection and scattering response control device of the present invention includes:

[0041] The reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface 1 includes multiple spaced metasurface units, and the reflection phase of each metasurface unit is adjusted by the flow position of liquid metal in the microchannel.

[0042] The reconfigurable planar antenna 2 comprises multiple antenna elements. The frequency and radiation pattern of the antenna are reconstructed by the flow position of liquid metal in a microfluidic channel. This enables broadband sensing of parameters such as the frequency and radiation pattern of incident electromagnetic waves, providing input information for the response control of electromagnetic metasurfaces.

[0043] The drive control unit is used to generate an encoding sequence for the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface 1 based on the incident wave electromagnetic parameters sensed by the reconfigurable planar antenna 2, and drive the liquid metal in the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface 1 to flow according to the position state corresponding to the encoding sequence, so as to regulate the reflected wave of the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface 1. The incident wave electromagnetic parameters sensed by the reconfigurable planar antenna 2 include the incident wave frequency and direction. The drive control unit is integrated under the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface and the reconfigurable planar antenna to realize dynamic control of the liquid metal, processing of information sensed by the planar antenna, and generation of the electromagnetic metasurface encoding sequence.

[0044] In one embodiment of the present invention, the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface 1 and the reconfigurable planar antenna 2 are arranged in the same plane. For example... Figure 2 and 4 As shown, the metasurface unit includes multiple microchannel structures 11 spaced apart along the horizontal and vertical directions, each microchannel structure 11 having channels for the flow of liquid metal; the antenna unit has a microchannel structure 12 for the flow of liquid metal. The microchannel structure 11 can include multi-directional continuous flow, centrally symmetrical structures such as cross-shaped, oblique cross-shaped, or star-shaped structures, or unidirectional flow structures such as open rings, or other complex configurations. The microchannel structure 12 of the planar antenna can be a patch antenna configuration, with the area of ​​the patch antenna changed by controlling the flow of liquid metal.

[0045] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 5 As shown, the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface 1 includes a sealing layer 13, a flexible dielectric layer 14, and a drive control layer 15. The sealing layer 13, the flexible dielectric layer 14, and the drive control layer 15 are stacked sequentially. Multiple microchannel structures 11 are arrayed on the flexible dielectric layer 14, each microchannel structure 11 having a flow channel for the liquid metal 16. The drive control layer 15 controls the flow position and shape of the liquid metal 16 within the flow channel, and a drive control unit is formed on the drive control layer 15. The sealing layer 13 is fixed to the upper side of the liquid metal unit via bonding, achieving overall encapsulation of the metasurface structure and preventing leakage of the liquid metal. The flexible dielectric layer 14 supports the liquid metal and can be made of materials such as plastic, PMMA, silicone rubber, or PC. A conductive liquid is pre-placed in the flow channel. The control circuit of the drive control layer 15 is integrated on the lower side of the microfluidic structure 11. Each drive control layer 15 includes an electrode 17, which is embedded in the control circuit structure layer of the drive control layer 15. The electrode 17 is electrically connected to the liquid metal 16 in the flow channel of the microfluidic structure through a conductive liquid. The flow position and shape of the liquid metal 16 in the flow channel of the microfluidic structure are dynamically adjusted according to the magnitude of the voltage applied to the electrode 17.

[0046] In one embodiment of the present invention, the flow channel of each microchannel structure is in the shape of an oblique cross, the spacing between each microchannel structure is 15-19 mm, the length of the cross arm of each microchannel structure is 7-8 mm, and the thickness of the flexible dielectric layer is 6.5-7.5 mm.

[0047] In one embodiment of the present invention, two metasurface units with a certain reflection phase difference are selected, and the liquid metal flow positions therein are defined as the first state and the second state. The drive control unit generates the coding sequence according to the distribution order of the first state (hereinafter referred to as 1) and the second state (hereinafter referred to as 2) of all metasurface units in the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface 1. Generally, the arrangement of two or more metasurface units with a certain reflection phase difference is selected to perform beam control on the reflected electromagnetic wave. For example, the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface contains 6×6 metasurface units, and each metasurface unit includes 3×3 microchannel structures. When the coding sequence of the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface 1 is code 1#, the microchannel structures from left to right, columns 1, 3, and 5 are all in the first state, and columns 2, 4, and 6 are all in the second state, which can disperse the reflected wave into two main beams. When the coding sequence of the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface 1 is code 2#, the three columns on the left are all in the first state, and the three columns on the right are all in the second state, which can disperse the reflected wave into two main beams, and the beam deflection direction is different compared to code 1#. When the encoding sequence of the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface 1 is encoding 3#, the first column from top to bottom is encoded as 121212, the second column from top to bottom is encoded as 212121, columns 3 and 5 are the same as column 1, and columns 4 and 6 are the same as column 2. This can disperse the reflected wave into four main beams. When the encoding sequence of the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface 1 is encoding 4#, the first, second, and third columns from top to bottom are encoded as 111222, and columns 4, 5, and 6 from top to bottom are encoded as 222111. This can disperse the reflected wave into four main beams, with the beam deflection direction changing compared to encoding 3#. The two-dimensional radiation patterns of the above four encoding sequences on the 4=0 section are shown in [reference needed]. Figure 6 , Figures 7-10 This is the three-dimensional far-field pattern of the above sequence. It should be noted that in this embodiment, two states achievable by the metasurface unit are selected for encoding and arrangement. Multiple states achievable by the metasurface unit can also be selected for encoding and arrangement according to actual needs. The above encoding sequence, the number of metasurface units, and the number of microchannel structures in the metasurface unit are only illustrative examples and are not intended to limit the invention; they can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0048] In one embodiment of the present invention, the diffuse scattering effect of the reflected wave is achieved through random coding, such as... Figure 11-13As shown, encoded states 5 and 6 are randomly distributed on the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface. Each metasurface unit has a different reflection phase and a different direction of reflected electromagnetic waves. They interfere with each other in space and superimpose to achieve a diffuse scattering effect.

[0049] In one embodiment of the present invention, the metasurface unit is a passive structure, unable to autonomously radiate electromagnetic waves into space; it can only adjust the phase of the unit to reflect the incident electromagnetic waves in various directions. For example... Figure 3 As shown, assume the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface consists of M×M closely packed metasurface units, with unit spacing of d and reflection phase of m rows and n columns as . When a plane wave is incident perpendicularly, the phase modulation of the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface reflection satisfies the following formula:

[0050]

[0051] Where f(θ, φ) is the far-field pattern function of the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface 1, f e (θ, φ) represents the far-field pattern function of the metasurface element, where θ is the elevation angle, φ is the azimuth angle, and d is the metasurface element spacing. Let (m, n) be the reflection phase of the metasurface unit, (m, n) be the coordinates of the metasurface unit, k be the wave number, and M be the number of metasurface units in each row of the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface. From the above equation, it can be determined that adjusting the reflection phase of different metasurface units... It enables the manipulation of the array radiation pattern and allows for phase design of the metasurface array based on practical needs, such as diffuse scattering, beam focusing, and beam deflection. The reflection phase of the metasurface unit cell... It depends only on the characteristics of the unit itself, and is independent of the array. The metasurface unit in this invention changes the size of the resonant structure of the unit by driving the flow of liquid metal in the microfluidic structure. The incident wave energy oscillates in the cavity modes formed inside the resonant structures of different sizes, and is reflected into space, forming different phase delays, thereby adjusting the reflected phase.

[0052] In one embodiment of the present invention, the reconfigurable planar antenna 2 achieves self-sensing of the incident wave frequency and direction through frequency tuning and beam scanning, and feeds the sensing results back to the drive control unit. The antenna changes its resonant frequency; when the incident wave frequency matches the antenna's tuning frequency, the received signal is strongest. The frequency of the incident wave can be determined by monitoring the peak relationship between the tuning frequency and the received power. Simultaneously, the antenna can also "search" for the incident wave in different directions by changing the beam direction. When the incident wave direction matches the antenna beam direction, the received signal is strongest, thus locating the incident wave direction. After the antenna confirms the frequency and direction of the incoming wave, the metasurface array adjusts the flow of liquid metal in each unit according to actual needs, adjusting the direction of the array's reflected and scattered beams to the required direction.

[0053] In one embodiment of the present invention, the flow control method of the liquid metal in the microchannel by the drive control unit includes electromagnetic, voltage and / or pressure.

[0054] The present invention also provides a method for controlling the self-sensing electromagnetic reflection and scattering response. Based on the above-mentioned control device, the method includes the following steps:

[0055] 1) Obtain the incident wave electromagnetic parameters using a reconfigurable planar antenna;

[0056] 2) Generate a coding sequence for the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface based on the obtained incident wave electromagnetic parameters;

[0057] 3) Drive the liquid metal in the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface to flow according to the positional state corresponding to the encoded sequence;

[0058] 4) The reconfigurable planar antenna dynamically reconfigures the operating frequency and radiation pattern, senses the electromagnetic parameters of the incident waves radiated or emitted by different targets, and repeats (2)-(3) above to achieve dynamic response control. This invention can use an antenna with reconfigurable operating frequency and radiation beam to self-sensitize the incident electromagnetic waves, and then control the reflected waves of the array by dynamically adjusting the parameters of the metasurface array part to achieve adaptive electromagnetic reflection and scattering adjustment.

[0059] In summary, this invention enables real-time encoding adjustment of a metasurface array by using a reconfigurable planar antenna to sense the frequency and direction of incident electromagnetic waves, thereby achieving adaptive electromagnetic reflection and scattering regulation. It can be applied to the fields of communication, stealth camouflage, and electromagnetic environment sensing.

[0060] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the defined "first" and "second" features may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0061] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above embodiments can be implemented by hardware or by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a read-only memory, a disk, or an optical disk.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-sensing electromagnetic reflection and scattering response control device, characterized in that, include: The reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface includes multiple spaced metasurface units, and the reflection phase of each metasurface unit is adjusted by the flow position of liquid metal in the microchannel. A reconfigurable planar antenna includes multiple antenna elements, wherein the frequency and radiation pattern of the antenna are reconfigured by the flow position of liquid metal in a microchannel. as well as The drive control unit is used to generate an encoding sequence of the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface based on the incident wave electromagnetic parameters sensed by the reconfigurable planar antenna and drive the liquid metal in the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface to flow according to the position state corresponding to the encoding sequence, so as to regulate the reflected wave of the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface.

2. The self-sensing electromagnetic reflection and scattering response control device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface and the reconfigurable planar antenna are arranged in the same plane. The metasurface unit includes multiple microchannel structures spaced apart along the horizontal and vertical directions, and the microchannel structures have channels for the flow of liquid metal. The antenna unit has microchannel structures for the flow of liquid metal.

3. The self-sensing electromagnetic reflection and scattering response control device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface includes a sealing layer, a flexible dielectric layer, and a drive control layer. The sealing layer, the flexible dielectric layer, and the drive control layer are stacked sequentially. The flexible dielectric layer has an array of microchannel structures, each with a flow channel for liquid metal to flow through. The drive control layer is used to control the flow position and shape of the liquid metal in the flow channel. The drive control unit is formed in the drive control layer.

4. The self-sensing electromagnetic reflection and scattering response control device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The flow channel of each microchannel structure is shaped like an oblique cross, the spacing between each microchannel structure is 15-19 mm, the length of the cross arm of each microchannel structure is 7-8 mm, and the thickness of the flexible dielectric layer is 6.5-7.5 mm.

5. The self-sensing electromagnetic reflection and scattering response control device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The reconfigurable planar antenna senses the electromagnetic parameters of the incident wave, including the incident wave frequency and direction.

6. The self-sensing electromagnetic reflection and scattering response control device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The position of liquid metal flow in at least two metasurface units with a certain phase difference is defined as the Nth state, where N≥2. The drive control unit generates the encoding sequence according to the state distribution order of all metasurface units in the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface.

7. The self-sensing electromagnetic reflection and scattering response control device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Reflection phase modulation satisfies the following formula: Where f(θ, φ) is the far-field pattern function of the M×M reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface, f e (θ, φ) represents the far-field pattern function of the metasurface element, where θ is the elevation angle, φ is the azimuth angle, and d is the metasurface element spacing. Let (m, n) be the reflection phase of the metasurface element, (m, n) be the coordinates of the metasurface element, k be the wave number, and M be the number of metasurface elements in each row of the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface.

8. The self-sensing electromagnetic reflection and scattering response control device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The reconfigurable planar antenna achieves self-sensing of the incident wave frequency and direction through frequency tuning and beam scanning, and feeds back the sensing results to the drive control unit.

9. The self-sensing electromagnetic reflection and scattering response control device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The drive control unit controls the flow of liquid metal in the microchannel using electromagnetic, voltage, and / or pressure methods.

10. A method for controlling the self-sensing electromagnetic reflection and scattering response, characterized in that, Based on the control device as described in any one of claims 1-9, the method includes the following steps: 1) Obtain the incident wave electromagnetic parameters using a reconfigurable planar antenna; 2) Generate a coding sequence for the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface based on the obtained incident wave electromagnetic parameters; 3) Drive the liquid metal in the reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface to flow according to the positional state corresponding to the encoded sequence; 4) The reconfigurable planar antenna can dynamically reconfigure the operating frequency and radiation pattern, sense the incident electromagnetic parameters of different targets' radiation or emission, and repeat (2)-(3) above to achieve dynamic response control.

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