Perovskite solar cell and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of solar energy. According to the perovskite solar cell, a first electrode, a perovskite functional layer and a second electrode are sequentially stacked on a substrate, the first electrode is provided with a first wire slot, and the second electrode is provided with a second wire slot; the first wire grooves and the second wire grooves divide the corresponding electrodes into a plurality of electrode blocks, each electrode block comprises a first section and a second section which are connected, the first sections extend in the first direction, the second sections extend in the second direction, the second sections of the same electrode are arranged in the first direction, and the first direction and the second direction intersect and are both parallel to the plane where the substrate is located. The first wire duct and the second wire duct are used for forming a plurality of sub-cells which are arranged in the first direction and connected in series on the substrate. The perovskite solar cell forms a plurality of sub-cells connected in series on the substrate through the first wire duct and the second wire duct, P2 scribing is not needed, dead zones of the cell can be effectively reduced, and the power generation efficiency of the cell is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of solar energy technology, and in particular relates to a perovskite solar cell and a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite solar cells are a new type of thin-film solar cells. Compared with dye-sensitized cells, they have the advantages of simple process, high photoelectric conversion efficiency, low energy consumption in the preparation process, and easy packaging. They are very suitable for large-scale production applications.

[0003] When perovskite solar cells are manufactured, multiple sub-cells are divided through three laser scribing lines, P1, P2, and P3. Among them, P2 scribing requires high precision and high equipment cost, and is easy to damage the battery. Laser scribing will also form dead areas between the sub-cells that cannot be used for power generation, seriously affecting the power generation efficiency of the battery. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present application proposes a perovskite solar cell and a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, which does not require P2 scribing, effectively reduces dead zones, and improves the power generation efficiency of the cell.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a perovskite solar cell, comprising:

[0006] A first electrode, a perovskite functional layer, and a second electrode are sequentially stacked on the substrate, wherein the first electrode is provided with a first wire groove, and the second electrode is provided with a second wire groove;

[0007] The first wire groove and the second wire groove respectively divide the corresponding electrode into a plurality of electrode blocks, the electrode block comprises a first segment and a second segment connected, the first segment extends along a first direction, the second segment extends along a second direction, a plurality of the second segments of the same electrode are arranged along the first direction, the first direction and the second direction intersect and are parallel to the plane where the substrate is located, and the first wire groove and the second wire groove are used to form a plurality of sub-batteries arranged along the first direction and connected in series on the substrate;

[0008] The first segments of the two electrodes extend from one end of the corresponding second segment in a direction opposite to the first direction and protrude from the second segment, and the first segments of two adjacent electrode blocks of the same electrode are located at opposite ends in the second direction;

[0009] The first sections of the two electrode blocks corresponding to the same sub-cell are located at opposite ends in the second direction, the second sections are arranged opposite to each other and spaced apart along the thickness direction of the sub-cell, and the perovskite functional layer is located between the second sections of the two electrode blocks;

[0010] The first sections of the electrode blocks corresponding to two electrodes of two adjacent sub-batteries are in contact.

[0011] According to the perovskite solar cell of the present application, the electrode is divided into a plurality of electrode blocks by the first line groove and the second line groove, each electrode block has a first section and a second section extending in two directions, the perovskite functional layer is filled between the second sections of the two electrode blocks, and the carrier transmission is realized by the second section, the first sections of the two electrode blocks form the positive and negative electrodes of the sub-cell, and the first sections of two adjacent sub-cells are in contact to form a plurality of sub-cells arranged in a first direction on the substrate and connected in series, without the need for P2 marking, which can effectively reduce the dead zone of the cell and improve the power generation efficiency of the cell.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present application, the first wire groove includes a plurality of first sub-grooves and a plurality of second sub-grooves, the first sub-grooves and the second sub-grooves are arranged at intervals along the first direction and are interconnected, the first sub-grooves extend along the first direction, and the second sub-grooves extend along the second direction, and three consecutive second sub-grooves and two first sub-grooves define an electrode block of the first electrode.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present application, the second wire groove includes a plurality of third sub-grooves and a plurality of fourth sub-grooves, the third sub-grooves and the fourth sub-grooves are arranged at intervals along the first direction and are interconnected, the third sub-grooves extend along the first direction, and the fourth sub-grooves extend along the second direction, and three consecutive fourth sub-grooves and two third sub-grooves define an electrode block of the second electrode.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present application, a length of the first section of the electrode block along the second direction is 10 mm-20 mm.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present application, a length of the second section of the electrode block along the first direction is 10 mm-20 mm.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present application provides a photovoltaic module, comprising:

[0017] At least one perovskite solar cell as described in the first aspect above.

[0018] In a third aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, the method comprising:

[0019] Performing a first laser scribing on a first electrode on a substrate to obtain a first linear groove of the first electrode;

[0020] preparing a perovskite functional layer on the first electrode;

[0021] preparing a second electrode on the perovskite functional layer;

[0022] Performing a second laser scribing on the second electrode to obtain a second line groove of the second electrode, thereby forming a plurality of sub-cells arranged along a first direction and connected in series on the substrate;

[0023] Wherein, the first wire groove and the second wire groove respectively divide the corresponding electrode into a plurality of electrode blocks, the electrode block comprises a first segment and a second segment connected, the first segment extends along a first direction, the second segment extends along a second direction, and a plurality of the second segments of the same electrode are arranged along the first direction, the first direction and the second direction intersect and are parallel to the plane where the substrate is located;

[0024] The first segments of the two electrodes extend from one end of the corresponding second segment in a direction opposite to the first direction and protrude from the second segment, and the first segments of two adjacent electrode blocks of the same electrode are located at opposite ends in the second direction;

[0025] The first sections of the two electrode blocks corresponding to the same sub-cell are located at opposite ends in the second direction, the second sections are arranged opposite to each other and spaced apart along the thickness direction of the sub-cell, and the perovskite functional layer is located between the second sections of the two electrode blocks;

[0026] The first sections of the electrode blocks corresponding to two electrodes of two adjacent sub-batteries are in contact.

[0027] According to the preparation method of the perovskite solar cell of the present application, a first line groove is prepared on the first electrode and a second line groove is prepared on the second electrode through two laser scribings. The first line groove and the second line groove divide the electrode into a plurality of electrode blocks. Each electrode block has a first section and a second section extending in two directions. The perovskite functional layer is filled between the second sections of the two electrode blocks, and the carrier transmission is realized by the second section. The first sections of the two electrode blocks form the positive and negative electrodes of the sub-battery. The first sections of two adjacent sub-batteries are in contact, forming a plurality of sub-batteries arranged in a first direction on the substrate and connected in series. No P2 scribing is required, which can effectively reduce the dead zone of the battery and improve the power generation efficiency of the battery.

[0028] According to one embodiment of the present application, the step of preparing a perovskite functional layer on the first electrode includes:

[0029] The perovskite functional layer is prepared in a region corresponding to the second segment on the first electrode.

[0030] According to one embodiment of the present application, the step of preparing a perovskite functional layer on the first electrode includes:

[0031] preparing the perovskite functional layer on the first electrode;

[0032] An edge cleaning process is performed to remove the perovskite functional layer in an area corresponding to the first segment on the first electrode.

[0033] According to an embodiment of the present application, the edge cleaning process to remove the perovskite functional layer in the area corresponding to the first segment on the first electrode includes:

[0034] The perovskite functional layer in the area corresponding to the first section is removed by a scanning galvanometer.

[0035] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become apparent from the description below, or will be learned through the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0037] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the first electrode of the perovskite solar cell provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first wire slot of a first electrode provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode block of a first electrode provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 4 This is the second structural schematic diagram of the first electrode of the perovskite solar cell provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a second electrode of a perovskite solar cell provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second wire slot of a second electrode provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode block of a second electrode provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 8 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the perovskite solar cell provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of a process for preparing a perovskite solar cell provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Fig.10This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the intermediates in the preparation process of the perovskite solar cell provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Fig.11 This is the second structural schematic diagram of an intermediate in the preparation process of a perovskite solar cell provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Fig.12 This is the third structural schematic diagram of an intermediate in the preparation process of a perovskite solar cell provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Fig.13 This is the fourth structural schematic diagram of an intermediate in the preparation process of a perovskite solar cell provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Fig.14 This is the fifth structural schematic diagram of an intermediate in the preparation process of a perovskite solar cell provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Fig.15 This is the second structural schematic diagram of the perovskite solar cell provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0052] Reference numerals:

[0053] A first electrode 100, a first line groove 110, a first sub-groove 111, a second sub-groove 112, a first electrode block 120, a first electrode segment 121, a second electrode segment 122,

[0054] The second electrode 200, the second line groove 210, the third sub-groove 211, the fourth sub-groove 212, the second electrode block 220, the third electrode segment 221, the fourth electrode segment 222,

[0055] Hole transport layer 310 , perovskite active layer 320 , electron transport layer 330 , photoelectric conversion region 410 , electrode contact region 420 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0057] Reference below Figure 1-Figure 15 The present invention describes a perovskite solar cell, a photovoltaic module and a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to embodiments of the present application.

[0058] The perovskite solar cell of the embodiment of the present application includes a substrate, a first electrode 100, a perovskite functional layer and a second electrode 200, and the first electrode 100, the perovskite functional layer and the second electrode 200 are sequentially stacked on the substrate.

[0059] The perovskite functional layer includes a hole transport layer 310, a perovskite active layer 320 and an electron transport layer 330. The perovskite active layer 320 absorbs light to generate electron-hole pairs, the electron transport layer 330 transfers electrons to the corresponding electrode, and the hole transport layer 310 transfers holes to the corresponding electrode.

[0060] In actual implementation, the perovskite solar cell can be a formal cell in which the first electrode 100, the electron transport layer 330, the perovskite active layer 320, the hole transport layer 310 and the second electrode 200 are stacked in sequence on a substrate, or it can be a trans cell in which the first electrode 100, the hole transport layer 310, the perovskite active layer 320, the electron transport layer 330 and the second electrode 200 are stacked in sequence on a substrate.

[0061] The first electrode 100 may be a conductive metal oxide, for example, one or more of indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, and aluminum-doped zinc oxide; the second electrode 200 may be a conductive metal, for example, one or more of aluminum, copper, silver, and gold.

[0062] In this embodiment, the first electrode 100 is provided with a first linear groove 110 , and the second electrode 200 is provided with a second linear groove 210 . The first linear groove 110 and the second linear groove 210 may be made by laser scribing.

[0063] The first wire groove 110 and the second wire groove 210 respectively divide the corresponding electrode into a plurality of electrode blocks.

[0064] like Figure 1 As shown, the first wire groove 110 divides the first electrode 100 into a plurality of first electrode blocks 120, such as Figure 2 The figure shows the first linear groove 110 on the first electrode 100 . The first linear groove 110 can be made by laser scribing according to a preset pattern.

[0065] like Figure 5 As shown, the second wire groove 210 divides the second electrode 200 into a plurality of second electrode blocks 220, such as Figure 6 The second linear groove 210 on the second electrode 200 is shown. The second linear groove 210 can be made by laser scribing according to a preset pattern.

[0066] In this embodiment, the electrode block includes a first segment and a second segment connected, the first segment extends along a first direction, and the second segment extends along a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction intersect and are both parallel to the plane where the substrate is located.

[0067] For example, Figure 3 As shown, the first electrode block 120 includes a first segment and a second segment connected, the first segment is a first electrode segment 121, the second segment is a second electrode segment 122, the first electrode segment 121 extends along a first left-right direction, and the second electrode segment 122 extends along a second up-down direction.

[0068] like Figure 7 As shown, the second electrode block 220 includes a first segment and a second segment connected, the first segment is a third electrode segment 221, the second segment is a fourth electrode segment 222, the third electrode segment 221 extends along a first left-right direction, and the fourth electrode segment 222 extends along a second up-down direction.

[0069] It can be understood that the first section and the second section of the electrode block extend in two intersecting directions, the electrode block is not rectangular, and the two intersecting sections of the electrode block are similar to an "L" shape.

[0070] In this embodiment, a plurality of second segments of the same electrode are arranged along the first direction, and the first wire grooves 110 and the second wire grooves 210 are used to form a plurality of sub-cells arranged along the first direction and connected in series on the substrate.

[0071] In actual implementation, the number of electrode blocks included in one electrode of the perovskite solar cell may be equal to the number of subcells formed on the substrate.

[0072] For example, the first wire groove 110 divides the first electrode 100 into 10 first electrode blocks 120, each first electrode block 120 corresponds to a sub-battery, and the second wire groove 210 can also divide the second electrode 200 into 10 second electrode blocks 220. The first wire groove 110 and the second wire groove 210 can form 10 sub-batteries on the substrate.

[0073] It should be noted that each sub-cell includes two electrode blocks and a perovskite functional layer located between the two electrode blocks.

[0074] In this embodiment, the second sections are arranged opposite to each other and spaced apart in the thickness direction of the sub-cell, and the perovskite functional layer is located between the second sections of the two electrode blocks.

[0075] The perovskite functional layer absorbs light to produce two types of carriers, holes and electrons. The second sections of the upper and lower electrode blocks collect the two types of carriers respectively, realizing the photoelectric conversion and carrier collection of the sub-cell. The second sections of the upper and lower electrode blocks form the positive and negative poles of the sub-cell. The first sections of the electrode blocks corresponding to the two electrodes of two adjacent sub-cells are in contact to realize the electrical connection between the sub-cells.

[0076] In this embodiment, multiple second segments of the same electrode are arranged along the first direction, and the first segments of the electrode blocks corresponding to the two electrodes of two adjacent sub-cells are in contact, forming multiple sub-cells arranged along the first direction and connected in series on the substrate.

[0077] like Figure 4 As shown, the multiple second segments of the first electrode 100 are arranged along the first direction, the area where the second segments are located is the photoelectric conversion area 410 of the perovskite solar cell, and the area where the first segments are located is the electrode contact area 420 of the perovskite solar cell.

[0078] In the photoelectric conversion region 410, the second sections of the first electrode 100 and the second electrode 200 are arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction of the sub-cell, and the perovskite functional layer is filled in the middle. The second sections of the first electrode 100 and the second electrode 200 are respectively used to collect holes and electrons generated by the perovskite functional layer absorbing light, and the second sections transfer the carriers to the first section.

[0079] In the electrode contact region 420 , the first electrode 100 and the second electrode 200 of two adjacent sub-cells contact each other corresponding to the first section of the electrode block, thereby achieving electrical connection between the sub-cells.

[0080] In this embodiment, a plurality of second segments of the same electrode are arranged along the first direction, and the first segments of two adjacent electrode blocks of the same electrode are located at two opposite ends in the second direction.

[0081] like Figure 3 As shown, multiple second segments of the first electrode 100 are arranged along the first direction of the left and right, and the first segments of two adjacent electrode blocks are respectively located at opposite ends of the second direction of the upper and lower directions. From left to right, the first segment of the first electrode block is located at the lower end, the first segment of the second electrode block is located at the upper end, and the first segment of the third electrode block is located at the lower end.

[0082] like Figure 7 As shown, multiple second segments of the second electrode 200 are arranged along the first direction of the left and right, and the first segments of two adjacent electrode blocks are respectively located at opposite ends of the second direction of the upper and lower directions. From left to right, the first segment of the first electrode block is located at the upper end, the first segment of the second electrode block is located at the lower end, and the first segment of the third electrode block is located at the upper end.

[0083] In this embodiment, the first segments of the two electrodes extend from one end of the corresponding second segment in a direction opposite to the first direction and protrude from the second segment.

[0084] It should be noted that the first section of the electrode block of the same electrode extends from one end of the second section toward the first direction and protrudes from the second section, and the first sections of the electrode blocks of the same electrode extend in the same direction. At the same time, the first sections of adjacent electrode blocks of the same electrode are located at opposite ends in the second direction.

[0085] In actual implementation, the length of the first section extending from one end of the second section toward the first direction and protruding beyond the second section may be equal to the length of the second section along the first direction.

[0086] In this embodiment, the direction in which the first section extends toward the first direction can be the direction in which the carriers collected by the second section are transmitted. The first sections of the electrode blocks of the same electrode extend toward the same direction, and the transmission directions of the carriers collected by the same electrode are consistent.

[0087] The first sections of the two electrodes extend from one end of the corresponding second section toward the direction opposite to the first direction and protrude from the second section. The first section of the first electrode 100 extends from one end of the corresponding second section toward the positive direction of the first direction and protrudes from the second section, and the first section of the second electrode 200 extends from one end of the corresponding second section toward the negative direction of the first direction and protrudes from the second section.

[0088] like Figure 3 As shown, for the first electrode 100 , the first electrode segment 121 extends from one end of the second electrode segment 122 toward the positive direction of the first direction (from left to right) and protrudes from the right side of the second electrode segment 122 .

[0089] like Figure 7 As shown, for the second electrode 200 , the third electrode segment 221 extends from one end of the fourth electrode segment 222 in the opposite direction of the first direction (from right to left) and protrudes from the left side of the fourth electrode segment 222 .

[0090] It can be understood that the first sections of the two electrodes extend from one end of the corresponding second section in the direction opposite to the first direction and protrude from the second section, and the first sections of the two electrode blocks of the sub-battery extend in opposite directions. The two carriers, holes and electrons, can be transmitted in opposite directions to avoid electron-hole recombination.

[0091] In this embodiment, the first sections of the two electrode blocks corresponding to the same sub-battery are located at opposite ends in the second direction, and the first sections of the two electrode blocks form the positive and negative electrodes at opposite ends of the sub-battery in the second direction, thereby preventing the positive and negative electrodes of the sub-battery from being in contact at the same end and causing a short circuit.

[0092] The first sections of the two electrode blocks corresponding to the same sub-cell are located at opposite ends in the second direction. The first sections of the two electrodes in the perovskite solar cell extend from one end of the corresponding second section in the direction opposite to the first direction and protrude from the second section. The first sections of the electrode blocks corresponding to the two electrodes of two adjacent sub-cells are in contact, thereby realizing series connection between the sub-cells.

[0093] For example, the first direction is the left-right direction, and the second direction is the up-down direction. The first section of the first electrode block 120 of the sub-cell is located at the upper end of the second section to form a negative electrode facing the right side, and the first section of the second electrode block 220 of the sub-cell is located at the lower end of the second section to form a positive electrode facing the left side. The second sections of the first electrode block 120 and the second electrode block 220 are relatively arranged and spaced apart along the thickness direction of the sub-cell, and the perovskite functional layer is located between the second sections of the first electrode block 120 and the second electrode block 220.

[0094] From left to right, the first segment of the first electrode block 120 of the first sub-cell and the first segment of the second electrode block 220 of the second sub-cell, the first segment of the first electrode block 120 of the second sub-cell and the first segment of the second electrode block 220 of the third sub-cell, the first segments of the first electrode blocks 120 and the first segments of the second electrode blocks 220 of two adjacent sub-cells are in contact, realizing series connection between the sub-cells.

[0095] In this embodiment, the first segments of the electrode blocks corresponding to the two electrodes of two adjacent sub-batteries are in contact, and the multiple second segments of the same electrode are arranged along the first direction, forming a plurality of sub-batteries arranged along the first direction and connected in series on the substrate, and the positions of the sub-batteries connected in series are the opposite ends of the sub-batteries along the second direction.

[0096] For example, Figure 8 As shown, the arrow in the figure indicates the carrier transmission direction. The electrons or holes separated by the perovskite functional layer are collected by the second section of the second electrode 200 and transmitted to the first section of the second electrode 200, and then transmitted from the first section of the second electrode 200 to the first section of the first electrode 100.

[0097] In related technologies, perovskite cells are divided into multiple sub-cells through three laser scribing lines, P1, P2, and P3. Among them, P2 scribing requires high precision and high equipment cost, and is easy to damage the cell. Laser scribing will also form dead zones between the sub-cells that cannot be used for power generation, seriously affecting the power generation efficiency of the battery.

[0098] Among them, the P2 line is used to remove the functional layer to form the electrode contact position. The dead zone generally refers to the area between the outermost side of the P1 line and the outermost side of the P3 line that divides the two electrodes that cannot be used for power generation. Both sides of the dead zone are the power generation areas of the sub-battery.

[0099] In an embodiment of the present application, a first wire groove 110 is prepared on the first electrode 100, and a second wire groove 210 is prepared on the second electrode 200, and the two electrodes are divided into a plurality of electrode blocks to form a plurality of sub-cells connected in series on the substrate, wherein the electrode block has a first section extending along a first direction and a second section extending along a second direction, and a perovskite functional layer is filled between the second sections of the two electrode blocks of the same sub-cell, and the first sections of the two electrode blocks of the same sub-cell form positive and negative poles facing oppositely at opposite ends along the second direction, and the first electrodes 100 and the second electrodes 200 of two adjacent sub-cells are in contact with the first sections of the corresponding electrode blocks to achieve electrical connection between the sub-cells.

[0100] Among them, the first section and the second section of each electrode block extend in two intersecting directions, the area corresponding to the second section is the photoelectric conversion area 410, and the area corresponding to the first section is the electrode contact area 420. Through the marking design of the first line groove 110 and the second line groove 210, the electrode contact area 420 is designed at both ends of the photoelectric conversion area 410, and the current of the sub-battery is collected in the second section. The first section of the two electrodes extends from one end of the corresponding second section in the opposite direction of the first direction and protrudes from the second section. The sub-batteries are connected in series through the contact of the first section. There is no need to remove the perovskite functional layer through the P2 marking to form the electrode contact position between adjacent sub-batteries. The second section located in the photoelectric conversion area 410 is arranged along the first direction. There is no dead zone between the two sub-batteries where the perovskite functional layer is stripped off, which can effectively reduce the dead zone and improve the battery power generation efficiency.

[0101] According to the perovskite solar cell provided in the embodiment of the present application, the electrode is divided into a plurality of electrode blocks by the first line groove 110 and the second line groove 210, each electrode block has a first section and a second section extending in two directions, the perovskite functional layer is filled between the second sections of the two electrode blocks, and carrier transmission is realized by the second section, the first sections of the two electrode blocks form the positive and negative electrodes of the sub-cell, the first sections of two adjacent sub-cells are in contact, and a plurality of sub-cells are arranged in a first direction on the substrate and connected in series, without the need for P2 marking, which can effectively reduce the dead zone of the cell and improve the power generation efficiency of the cell.

[0102] In some embodiments, the first wire groove 110 includes a plurality of first sub-grooves 111 and a plurality of second sub-grooves 112, the first sub-grooves 111 and the second sub-grooves 112 are arranged at intervals along a first direction and are interconnected, the first sub-grooves 111 extend along the first direction, and the second sub-grooves 112 extend along the second direction, and three consecutive second sub-grooves 112 and two first sub-grooves 111 define an electrode block of the first electrode 100.

[0103] The second sub-groove 112 extending along the second direction is used to separate the sub-batteries, and the first sub-groove 111 extending along the first direction is used to extend a first section for electrode contact at one end of the second section.

[0104] In this embodiment, the two first sub-grooves 111 located on both sides of the second sub-groove 112 are respectively located at opposite ends of the second sub-groove 112 along the second direction. The area between the extension lines of the two first sub-grooves 111 is the second section of the electrode block, corresponding to the photoelectric conversion area 410.

[0105] In actual implementation, of the two first sub-grooves 111 located on both sides of the second sub-groove 112 , one first sub-groove 111 can be connected to the end of the second sub-groove 112 , and the other first sub-groove 111 can be connected to a position close to the end of the second sub-groove 112 .

[0106] It should be noted that three consecutive second sub-grooves 112 and two first sub-grooves 111 define an electrode block of the first electrode 100, which refers to the consecutively arranged second sub-grooves 112, first sub-grooves 111, second sub-grooves 112, first sub-grooves 111 and second sub-grooves 112, the second sub-grooves 112 forming the edge of the first electrode block 120 along the second direction, and the first sub-grooves 111 forming the edge of the first electrode block 120 along the first direction.

[0107] In some embodiments, the second line groove 210 includes a plurality of third sub-grooves 211 and a plurality of fourth sub-grooves 212, the third sub-grooves 211 and the fourth sub-grooves 212 are arranged at intervals along the first direction and are interconnected, the third sub-grooves 211 extend along the first direction, and the fourth sub-grooves 212 extend along the second direction, and three consecutive fourth sub-grooves 212 and two third sub-grooves 211 define an electrode block of the second electrode 200.

[0108] The fourth sub-groove 212 extending along the second direction is used to separate sub-cells, and the third sub-groove 211 extending along the first direction is used to extend a first section for electrode contact at one end of the second section.

[0109] In this embodiment, the two third sub-grooves 211 located on both sides of the fourth sub-groove 212 are respectively located at opposite ends of the fourth sub-groove 212 along the second direction. The area between the extension lines of the two third sub-grooves 211 is the second section of the electrode block, corresponding to the photoelectric conversion area 410.

[0110] In actual implementation, of the two first sub-grooves 111 located on both sides of the second sub-groove 112 , one first sub-groove 111 can be connected to the end of the second sub-groove 112 , and the other first sub-groove 111 can be connected to a position close to the end of the second sub-groove 112 .

[0111] It should be noted that three consecutive fourth sub-grooves 212 and two third sub-grooves 211 define an electrode block of the second electrode 200, which refers to the fourth sub-groove 212, the third sub-groove 211, the fourth sub-groove 212, the third sub-groove 211 and the fourth sub-groove 212 arranged consecutively, the fourth sub-groove 212 forming the edge of the second electrode block 220 along the second direction, and the third sub-groove 211 forming the edge of the second electrode block 220 along the first direction.

[0112] In some embodiments, the length of the first section of the electrode block along the second direction is 10 mm-20 mm.

[0113] It can be understood that the first section of the electrode block forms the positive and negative electrodes of the sub-battery, and the length of the first section along the second direction is between 10mm and 20mm, which can leave a position for the first sections of the upper and lower electrode blocks to fully contact each other, thereby improving the stability of the connection between the sub-batteries.

[0114] In actual implementation, the length of the first section of the first electrode block 120 along the second direction is 10mm-20mm. When the perovskite functional layer is set on the first electrode 100, the edge of 10mm-20mm is removed to expose the first section of the first electrode block 120 to facilitate contact with the first section of the second electrode block 220 prepared subsequently.

[0115] In some embodiments, the length of the second section of the electrode block along the first direction is 10 mm-20 mm.

[0116] In this embodiment, the length of the second section of the electrode block along the first direction may be equal to the distance between two vertically distributed sub-grooves on the first wire groove 110 or the second wire groove 210 .

[0117] The length of the second section of the first electrode block 120 along the first direction is 10 mm-20 mm, and the spacing between the second sub-grooves 112 vertically distributed and adjacent to each other on the first wire groove 110 is 10 mm-20 mm.

[0118] The length of the second section of the second electrode block 220 along the first direction is 10 mm-20 mm, and the spacing between the fourth sub-grooves 212 vertically distributed and adjacent to each other on the second wire groove 210 is 10 mm-20 mm.

[0119] It can be understood that the multiple second segments are arranged along the first direction, the multiple second segments of the first electrode 100 are divided by the vertically distributed second sub-grooves 112, and the multiple second segments of the second electrode 200 are divided by the vertically distributed fourth sub-grooves 212. The second sub-grooves 112 and the fourth sub-grooves 212 can be arranged relative to each other along the thickness direction of the sub-battery. The first sub-grooves 111 and the second sub-grooves 112 divide the first end of the electrode contact. There is no need to set the P2 line for realizing electrode contact in the related technology between the second sub-grooves 112 and the fourth sub-grooves 212, which can effectively reduce the dead zone area and improve the battery power generation efficiency.

[0120] An embodiment of the present application also provides a photovoltaic module, comprising at least one perovskite solar cell as described above, and the perovskite solar cell can be connected in series or in parallel.

[0121] According to the photovoltaic module provided by the embodiment of the present application, the perovskite solar cell in the module divides the electrode into multiple electrode blocks through the first line groove 110 and the second line groove 210, each electrode block has a first section and a second section extending in two directions, and the perovskite functional layer is filled between the second sections of the two electrode blocks, and the carrier transmission is realized by the second section. The first sections of the two electrode blocks form the positive and negative electrodes of the sub-cell, and the first sections of two adjacent sub-cells are in contact to form a plurality of sub-cells arranged in a first direction and connected in series on the substrate. There is no need for P2 marking, which can effectively reduce the dead zone of the cell and improve the power generation efficiency of the cell and the photovoltaic module.

[0122] The embodiment of the present application also provides a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, which can be used to prepare the above-mentioned perovskite solar cell.

[0123] like Fig. 9 As shown, the method for preparing the perovskite solar cell includes steps 910 to 940.

[0124] Step 910 , performing a first laser scribing on the first electrode 100 on the substrate to obtain a first linear groove 110 of the first electrode 100 .

[0125] The first electrode 100 on the substrate may be a conductive metal oxide, for example, one or more of indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, and aluminum-doped zinc oxide.

[0126] In this step, if Fig.10 As shown, the first electrode 100 can be first laser-scribed according to a preset pattern to obtain Figure 2 The first wire slot 110 is shown.

[0127] In actual implementation, the first wire groove 110 may include a first sub-groove 111 extending along the first direction and a second sub-groove 112 extending along the second direction.

[0128] Step 920 : preparing a perovskite functional layer on the first electrode 100 .

[0129] The perovskite functional layer may include a hole transport layer 310, a perovskite active layer 320 and an electron transport layer 330. The perovskite active layer 320 absorbs light to generate electron-hole pairs, the electron transport layer 330 transfers electrons to the corresponding electrode, and the hole transport layer 310 transfers holes to the corresponding electrode.

[0130] In this step, a perovskite functional layer is prepared on a side of the first electrode 100 facing away from the substrate, and the perovskite functional layer may be filled in the first wire groove 110 .

[0131] In actual implementation, the preparation order of the perovskite functional layer can be electron transport layer 330, perovskite active layer 320, hole transport layer 310, forming a formal structure; it can also be hole transport layer 310, perovskite active layer 320, electron transport layer 330, forming a trans structure.

[0132] Take the trans-structure of perovskite solar cells as an example.

[0133] like Fig.11 As shown, after the first line groove 110 on the first electrode 100 is scribed, a hole transport layer 310 is coated on the first electrode 100, as shown in FIG. Fig.12 As shown, a perovskite active layer 320 is coated on the hole transport layer 310, as shown in FIG. Fig.13 As shown, an electron transport layer 330 is coated on the perovskite active layer 320 to complete the preparation of the perovskite functional layer.

[0134] Step 930: Prepare a second electrode 200 on the perovskite functional layer.

[0135] It should be noted that before preparing the second electrode 200 , there is no perovskite functional layer on the first section of the first electrode block 120 , and the second electrode 200 is prepared on the perovskite functional layer, and the second electrode 200 can contact the first section of the first electrode block 120 .

[0136] like Fig.14 As shown, the second electrode 200 contacts the first electrode 100 at both ends along the second direction.

[0137] Step 940 , performing a second laser scribing on the second electrode 200 to obtain a second line groove 210 of the second electrode 200 , thereby forming a plurality of sub-cells arranged along the first direction and connected in series on the substrate.

[0138] The second electrode 200 may be a conductive metal, for example, one or more of aluminum, copper, silver and gold.

[0139] In this step, if Fig.15 As shown, the second electrode 200 can be subjected to a second laser scribing according to a preset pattern to obtain Figure 6 The second wire groove 210 is shown, through which the sub-batteries are separated.

[0140] Among them, the first line groove 110 and the second line groove 210 respectively divide the corresponding electrode into multiple electrode blocks, the electrode block includes a first section and a second section that are connected, the first section extends along the first direction, and the second section extends along the second direction. Multiple second sections of the same electrode are arranged along the first direction, and the first direction and the second direction intersect and are both parallel to the plane where the substrate is located.

[0141] like Figure 1 As shown, the first wire groove 110 divides the first electrode 100 into a plurality of first electrode blocks 120, such as Figure 3 As shown, the first electrode block 120 includes a first segment and a second segment connected, the first segment is a first electrode segment 121, the second segment is a second electrode segment 122, the first electrode segment 121 extends along a first left-right direction, and the second electrode segment 122 extends along a second up-down direction.

[0142] like Figure 5 As shown, the second wire groove 210 divides the second electrode 200 into a plurality of second electrode blocks 220, such as Figure 7 As shown, the second electrode block 220 includes a first segment and a second segment connected, the first segment is a third electrode segment 221, the second segment is a fourth electrode segment 222, the third electrode segment 221 extends along a first left-right direction, and the fourth electrode segment 222 extends along a second up-down direction.

[0143] The first sections of the two electrodes extend from one end of the corresponding second section in the direction opposite to the first direction and protrude from the second section. The first sections of two adjacent electrode blocks of the same electrode are located at opposite ends in the second direction.

[0144] In this embodiment, the first section of the first electrode 100 extends from one end of the corresponding second section toward the positive direction of the first direction and protrudes from the second section, and the first section of the second electrode 200 extends from one end of the corresponding second section toward the negative direction of the first direction and protrudes from the second section.

[0145] like Figure 3 As shown, the multiple second electrode segments 122 of the first electrode 100 are arranged along the first left-right direction, the first electrode segment 121 extends from one end of the second electrode segment 122 toward the positive direction of the first direction (from left to right) and protrudes from the right side of the second electrode segment 122, and the first electrode segments 121 of two adjacent electrode blocks are respectively located at opposite ends in the second direction.

[0146] like Figure 7As shown, multiple fourth electrode segments 222 of the second electrode 200 are arranged along the first left-right direction, the third electrode segment 221 extends from one end of the fourth electrode segment 222 in the opposite direction of the first direction (from right to left) and protrudes from the left side of the fourth electrode segment 222, and the third electrode segments 221 of two adjacent electrode blocks are respectively located at opposite ends in the second direction.

[0147] The first sections of the two electrode blocks corresponding to the same sub-cell are located at opposite ends in the second direction, the second sections are relatively arranged and spaced apart along the thickness direction of the sub-cell, and the perovskite functional layer is located between the second sections of the two electrode blocks; the first sections corresponding to the two electrode blocks of two adjacent sub-cells are in contact.

[0148] like Figure 8 As shown, the arrow in the figure indicates the direction of carrier transmission. The electrons or holes separated by the perovskite functional layer are collected by the second section of the second electrode 200 and transmitted to the first section of the second electrode 200, and then transmitted from the first section of the second electrode 200 to the first section of the first electrode 100. The corresponding first sections of the two electrode blocks are in contact to achieve electrical connection between the sub-batteries.

[0149] The first sections of the two electrodes extend from one end of the corresponding second section in the direction opposite to the first direction and protrude from the second section. The first sections of the two electrode blocks of the sub-battery extend in opposite directions. The two carriers, holes and electrons, can be transmitted in opposite directions to avoid electron-hole recombination.

[0150] In this embodiment, the first sections of the two electrode blocks corresponding to the same sub-battery are located at opposite ends in the second direction, and the first sections of the two electrode blocks form the positive and negative electrodes at opposite ends of the sub-battery in the second direction, thereby preventing the positive and negative electrodes of the sub-battery from being in contact at the same end and causing a short circuit.

[0151] The first sections of the two electrode blocks corresponding to the same sub-cell are located at opposite ends in the second direction. The first sections of the two electrodes in the perovskite solar cell extend from one end of the corresponding second section in the direction opposite to the first direction and protrude from the second section. The first sections of the electrode blocks corresponding to the two electrodes of two adjacent sub-cells are in contact, thereby realizing series connection between the sub-cells.

[0152] According to the method for preparing a perovskite solar cell provided in an embodiment of the present application, a first line groove 110 is prepared on the first electrode 100, and a second line groove 210 is prepared on the second electrode 200 by two laser scribings. The first line groove 110 and the second line groove 210 divide the electrode into a plurality of electrode blocks. Each electrode block has a first section and a second section extending in two directions. A perovskite functional layer is filled between the second sections of the two electrode blocks, and carrier transmission is achieved by the second section. The first sections of the two electrode blocks form the positive and negative electrodes of the sub-battery. The first sections of two adjacent sub-batteries are in contact, forming a plurality of sub-batteries arranged in a first direction on the substrate and connected in series. No P2 scribing is required, which can effectively reduce the dead zone of the battery and improve the power generation efficiency of the battery.

[0153] It should be noted that the area corresponding to the second section on the first electrode 100 is the photoelectric conversion area 410 , the area corresponding to the first section is the electrode contact area 420 , and the perovskite functional layer is disposed in the photoelectric conversion area 410 .

[0154] In some embodiments, step 920, preparing a perovskite functional layer on the first electrode 100, may include:

[0155] A perovskite functional layer is prepared in a region corresponding to the second section on the first electrode 100 .

[0156] In this embodiment, the perovskite functional layer is prepared in the photoelectric conversion region 410 corresponding to the second section, which can reduce the amount of raw materials used in preparing the perovskite functional layer and reduce the cost of battery preparation.

[0157] The first line groove 110 may include multiple first sub-grooves 111 and multiple second sub-grooves 112. The first sub-grooves 111 and the second sub-grooves 112 are arranged at intervals along the first direction and are connected to each other. The first sub-grooves 111 extend along the first direction, and the second sub-grooves 112 extend along the second direction. The two first sub-grooves 111 located on both sides of the second sub-grooves 112 are respectively located at opposite ends of the second sub-grooves 112 along the second direction. The area between the extension lines of the two first sub-grooves 111 is the second section of the electrode block, corresponding to the photoelectric conversion area 410.

[0158] In this embodiment, the first sub-groove 111 may be used as a boundary standard, and the perovskite functional layer may be prepared in a region between the extension lines of the first sub-groove 111 .

[0159] In some embodiments, step 920, preparing a perovskite functional layer on the first electrode 100, may include:

[0160] Preparing a perovskite functional layer on the first electrode 100;

[0161] An edge cleaning process is performed to remove the perovskite functional layer in the area corresponding to the first section on the first electrode 100 .

[0162] In this embodiment, a perovskite functional layer is coated on the first electrode 100. The perovskite functional layer can be located in a region corresponding to the first section on the first electrode 100. After the perovskite functional layer is prepared, the region corresponding to the first section on the first electrode 100 is cleaned to remove the perovskite functional layer in the electrode contact region 420.

[0163] It can be understood that by removing the perovskite functional layer in the area corresponding to the first section through edge cleaning processing, the irregular edges formed by the perovskite functional layer during the preparation process can be removed, and the edges of the perovskite functional layer formed at the two opposite ends along the second direction have a regular shape. There is no perovskite functional layer or irregular edges of the perovskite functional layer on the electrode block of the first electrode 100, which is conducive to the subsequent preparation of the second electrode 200.

[0164] In some embodiments, edge cleaning is performed to remove the perovskite functional layer in the area corresponding to the first section on the first electrode 100, including:

[0165] The perovskite functional layer in the area corresponding to the first section is removed by a scanning galvanometer.

[0166] In this embodiment, the scanning galvanometer can control the movement of the laser beam to remove the perovskite functional layer in the area corresponding to the first section through the laser beam.

[0167] In actual implementation, the first line groove 110 may include a plurality of first sub-grooves 111 and a plurality of second sub-grooves 112. The first sub-grooves 111 extend along the first direction. The scanning galvanometer controls the movement of the laser beam based on the first sub-grooves 111 to clear the perovskite functional layer in the area corresponding to the first section, and form regularly shaped edges at the opposite ends of the perovskite functional layer along the second direction.

[0168] It should be noted that the first section and the second section of the electrode block extend along two intersecting directions, and the perovskite functional layer in the area corresponding to the first section cleared by the scanning galvanometer will not form a dead zone between the adjacent second sections. Compared with the battery prepared by P1, P2, and P3 lines in the related technology, the dead zone area is greatly reduced, and the battery power generation efficiency is effectively improved.

[0169] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described here, and the objects distinguished by "first", "second", etc. are generally of one type, and the number of objects is not limited. For example, the first object can be one or more. In addition, "and / or" in the specification and claims represents at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the objects associated with each other are in an "or" relationship.

[0170] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "vertical", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0171] In the description of this application, "first feature" or "second feature" may include one or more of the features.

[0172] In the description of the present application, “plurality” means two or more.

[0173] In the description of the present application, a first feature being “on” or “under” a second feature may include that the first and second features are directly in contact with each other, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact with each other but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween.

[0174] In the description of the present application, “above”, “over” and “above” a first feature to a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is horizontally higher than the second feature.

[0175] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0176] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and that the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: include: A first electrode, a perovskite functional layer, and a second electrode are sequentially stacked on the substrate, wherein the first electrode is provided with a first wire groove, and the second electrode is provided with a second wire groove; The first wire groove and the second wire groove respectively divide the corresponding electrode into a plurality of electrode blocks, the electrode block comprises a first segment and a second segment connected, the first segment extends along a first direction, the second segment extends along a second direction, a plurality of the second segments of the same electrode are arranged along the first direction, the first direction and the second direction intersect and are parallel to the plane where the substrate is located, and the first wire groove and the second wire groove are used to form a plurality of sub-batteries arranged along the first direction and connected in series on the substrate; The first segments of the two electrodes extend from one end of the corresponding second segment in a direction opposite to the first direction and protrude from the second segment, and the first segments of two adjacent electrode blocks of the same electrode are located at opposite ends in the second direction; The first sections of the two electrode blocks corresponding to the same sub-cell are located at opposite ends in the second direction, the second sections are arranged opposite to each other and spaced apart along the thickness direction of the sub-cell, and the perovskite functional layer is located between the second sections of the two electrode blocks; The first sections of the electrode blocks corresponding to two electrodes of two adjacent sub-batteries are in contact.

2. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The first wire groove includes a plurality of first sub-grooves and a plurality of second sub-grooves, the first sub-grooves and the second sub-grooves are arranged at intervals along the first direction and are interconnected, the first sub-grooves extend along the first direction, and the second sub-grooves extend along the second direction, and three consecutive second sub-grooves and two first sub-grooves define an electrode block of the first electrode.

3. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The second line groove includes a plurality of third sub-grooves and a plurality of fourth sub-grooves, the third sub-grooves and the fourth sub-grooves are arranged at intervals along the first direction and are interconnected, the third sub-grooves extend along the first direction, and the fourth sub-grooves extend along the second direction, and three consecutive fourth sub-grooves and two third sub-grooves define an electrode block of the second electrode.

4. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The length of the first section of the electrode block along the second direction is 10 mm-20 mm.

5. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The length of the second section of the electrode block along the first direction is 10 mm-20 mm.

6. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: At least one perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. A method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: include: Performing a first laser scribing on a first electrode on a substrate to obtain a first linear groove of the first electrode; preparing a perovskite functional layer on the first electrode; preparing a second electrode on the perovskite functional layer; Performing a second laser scribing on the second electrode to obtain a second line groove of the second electrode, thereby forming a plurality of sub-cells arranged along a first direction and connected in series on the substrate; Wherein, the first wire groove and the second wire groove respectively divide the corresponding electrode into a plurality of electrode blocks, the electrode block comprises a first segment and a second segment connected, the first segment extends along a first direction, the second segment extends along a second direction, and a plurality of the second segments of the same electrode are arranged along the first direction, the first direction and the second direction intersect and are parallel to the plane where the substrate is located; The first segments of the two electrodes extend from one end of the corresponding second segment in a direction opposite to the first direction and protrude from the second segment, and the first segments of two adjacent electrode blocks of the same electrode are located at opposite ends in the second direction; The first sections of the two electrode blocks corresponding to the same sub-cell are located at opposite ends in the second direction, the second sections are arranged opposite to each other and spaced apart along the thickness direction of the sub-cell, and the perovskite functional layer is located between the second sections of the two electrode blocks; The first sections of the electrode blocks corresponding to two electrodes of two adjacent sub-batteries are in contact.

8. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step of preparing a perovskite functional layer on the first electrode comprises: The perovskite functional layer is prepared in a region corresponding to the second segment on the first electrode.

9. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step of preparing a perovskite functional layer on the first electrode comprises: preparing the perovskite functional layer on the first electrode; An edge cleaning process is performed to remove the perovskite functional layer in an area corresponding to the first segment on the first electrode.

10. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 9, characterized in that: The performing edge cleaning to remove the perovskite functional layer in the area corresponding to the first segment on the first electrode includes: The perovskite functional layer in the area corresponding to the first section is removed by a scanning galvanometer.

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