An ionic polymer gelling factor, a preparation method and application thereof, and a gelling lubricant

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of lubricant, in particular to an ionic polymer gel factor, a preparation method and application thereof, and a gel lubricant.The ionic polymer gel factor provided by the present application has good solubility in mineral base oil, synthetic base oil and other base lubricating oil; in addition, the ionic polymer gel factor contains N, O, S and P heteroatoms, these elements form a strong adsorption layer with the metal surface through the polar part, provide good lubricity and reduce the direct contact of the metal surface, and occur a tribochemical reaction with the metal surface in the friction process, generate a layer of tribochemical reaction film, protect the metal from mechanical wear and chemical corrosion.The ionic polymer gel factor provided by the present application as a lubricating oil additive added to the base oil shows good tribological properties, both solves the problem of poor solubility of ionic liquid, and improves the tribological properties of the polymer gel.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of lubricants, in particular to an ionic polymer gel factor, a preparation method and application thereof, and a gel lubricant. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, gels have been widely used in lubricants and have attracted more and more attention due to their excellent lubricating performance, relatively high thermal stability and controllability. Compared with traditional lubricants, gel lubricants not only solve the problems of leakage and evaporation of lubricating oil through the self-assembly of gelling agents to form a three-dimensional network structure, but also have good flowability and thermal conductivity when heated or sheared.

[0003] Low molecular weight (LMW) gel lubricants have been fully studied and exhibit excellent anti-wear performance, anti-crawling ability, heat dissipation, shear thinning and creep recovery performance. Although LMW gels show significant advantages in these studies, due to the short molecular chains of the gelling agents, their viscosity and mechanical strength are still low. In addition, since the lubricating quality of the contact surface is closely related to the thickness and distribution of the surface adsorption film, the relatively thin adsorption film formed by LMW gels during friction needs to be further enhanced.

[0004] Compared with traditional LMW gels, polymer gels have higher molecular weight, more complex, unique and controllable molecular structure, and therefore can better maintain their shape and function under pressure. In addition, polymer gels provide a wide range of customization options for the structure, which makes them more easily meet the requirements of lubricants under different operating conditions through molecular design and precise control of gel properties. Therefore, polymer gels are expected to solve the problems of poor mechanical stability and thin adsorption film associated with LMW gels. However, the tribological performance of polymer gels still needs to be improved.

[0005] Ionic liquids (ILs) are widely used as pure lubricants or lubricant additives due to their unique physicochemical properties, such as viscosity-temperature characteristics, good thermal stability, and tunable cations and anions. Compared with traditional oil-based lubricants, ILs have stronger polarity, which enables them to have excellent surface adsorption capacity and form stable adsorption films on friction surfaces such as metals, avoiding direct metal-to-metal contact at the interface, thereby reducing the friction coefficient and wear. However, many ionic liquids are not oil-soluble, which limits their application in lubricating oils. SUMMARY

[0006] The application aims to provide an ionic polymer gel factor, a preparation method and application thereof, and a gel lubricant.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned application purposes, the application provides the following technical solutions.

[0008] The application provides an ionic polymer gel factor, which has a structure shown in formula 1.

[0009]

[0010] In formula 1, m, n and o are molar proportions of corresponding units, wherein the proportion of m is 10-30%, the proportion of n is 50-70%, and the proportion of o is 10-30%.

[0011] X is a sulfonate, a phosphate group, a benzene sulfonate or a phosphite group.

[0012] Preferably, the sulfonate includes

[0013] Preferably, the phosphate group includes

[0014] Preferably, the proportion of m is 20%, the proportion of n is 60%, and the proportion of o is 20%.

[0015] The application provides a preparation method of the ionic polymer gel factor described in the above scheme, which includes the following steps.

[0016] The raw material monomers, the polar organic solvent and the initiator are mixed to perform a free radical polymerization reaction, so as to obtain the ionic polymer gel factor.

[0017] The raw material monomers include urea-based monomers, octadecyl methacrylate monomers and ionic monomers, and the molar proportions of the urea-based monomers, the octadecyl methacrylate monomers and the ionic monomers in the raw material monomers correspond to the proportions of m, n and o in the ionic polymer gel factor, respectively.

[0018] The structure of the urea-based monomers is shown in formula 2, and the structure of the ionic monomers is shown in formula 3.

[0019]

[0020] In formula 3, X is a sulfonate, a phosphate group, a benzene sulfonate or a phosphite group.

[0021] Preferably, the temperature of the free radical polymerization reaction is 40-120 DEG C, and the time is 4-12 h.

[0022] Preferably, the mass of the initiator is 0.5-2% of the mass of the raw monomer.

[0023] The application provides application of the ionic polymer gelling factor prepared by the preparation method to a lubricating oil additive.

[0024] The application provides a gel lubricant, which comprises base lubricating oil and an ionic polymer gelling factor; the ionic polymer gelling factor is the ionic polymer gelling factor described in the above scheme or the ionic polymer gelling factor prepared by the preparation method described in the above scheme.

[0025] Preferably, the content of the ionic polymer gelling factor in the gel lubricant is 1-15 wt.%.

[0026] The application provides an ionic polymer gelling factor, which has the structure shown in formula 1.

[0027]

[0028] In formula 1, m, n and o are molar proportions of corresponding units, wherein the proportion of m is 10-30%, the proportion of n is 50-70%, and the proportion of o is 10-30%; X is a sulfonate, a phosphate group, a benzene sulfonate or a phosphite group.

[0029] The ionic polymer gelling factor provided by the application has good solubility in mineral base oil, synthetic base oil and other base lubricating oils; in addition, the ionic polymer gelling factor contains N, O, S and P heteroatoms, these elements form a strong adsorption layer with a metal surface through the polar part, provide good lubricity and reduce direct contact of the metal surface, and occur in a tribochemical reaction with the metal surface in a friction process, generate a tribochemical reaction film, and protect the metal from mechanical wear and chemical corrosion.

[0030] The application provides a preparation method of the ionic polymer gelling factor, which is prepared by using a free radical polymerization mode, and has the advantages of simple synthesis route, low production cost and simple post-treatment.

[0031] The application provides a gel lubricant, which exhibits excellent shear thinning performance and creep recovery performance, effectively prevents common problems such as evaporation and leakage of the lubricant in use, and has great potential in prolonging the service life of a machine and reducing operating energy consumption, and is expected to become a new type of high-performance lubricant. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1Photographs of the gel lubricants prepared in Examples 1-3;

[0033] Figure 2 Photographs of the gel lubricants prepared in Examples 4-6;

[0034] Figure 3 The graph shows the results of the solubility test. Detailed Implementation

[0035] This invention provides an ionic polymer gelling factor, characterized by having the structure shown in Formula 1:

[0036]

[0037] In Formula 1, m, n, and o represent the molar percentages of the corresponding units, where m accounts for 10-30%, n accounts for 50-70%, and o accounts for 10-30%. In specific embodiments, the percentage of m can be 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, or 30%; the percentage of n can be 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, or 70%; and the percentage of o can be 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, or 30%.

[0038] In this invention, X in Formula 1 is a sulfonate group, a phosphate group, a benzenesulfonate group, or a phosphite group; the sulfonate group preferably includes... The phosphate group preferably includes The benzenesulfonate group preferably includes dodecylbenzenesulfonate; the phosphite group preferably includes dibutyl phosphite.

[0039] The ionic polymer gel factor provided by this invention has good solubility in base lubricants such as mineral base oil and synthetic base oil. In addition, the ionic polymer gel factor contains N, O, S and P heteroatoms. These elements form a strong adsorption layer with the metal surface through their polar parts, providing good lubricity and reducing direct contact with the metal surface. During the friction process, it undergoes a tribochemical reaction with the metal surface to generate a tribochemical reaction film, protecting the metal from mechanical wear and chemical corrosion.

[0040] This invention provides a method for preparing the ionic polymer gelling factor described above, comprising the following steps:

[0041] The raw material monomer, polar organic solvent and initiator are mixed and subjected to free radical polymerization to obtain the ionic polymer gel factor;

[0042] The raw material monomers include urea monomers, octadecyl methacrylate monomers, and ionic monomers. The molar percentages of urea monomers, octadecyl methacrylate monomers, and ionic monomers in the raw material monomers correspond to the percentages of m, n, and o in the ionic polymer gel factor, respectively.

[0043] The structure of the urea monomer is shown in Formula 2, and the structure of the ionic monomer is shown in Formula 3.

[0044]

[0045] In Formula 3, X is a sulfonate group, phosphate group, benzenesulfonate group, or phosphite group.

[0046] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in this invention are commercially available products well known in the art.

[0047] The following section will first explain the urea monomer.

[0048] In this invention, the urea monomer is preferably prepared by an addition reaction of isocyanate methacrylate and octadecylamine.

[0049] The preferred method for preparing the urea monomer includes the following steps: mixing octadecylamine, a polar organic solvent, and isocyanate methacrylate, and carrying out an addition reaction under stirring conditions to obtain the urea monomer.

[0050] In this invention, the mixing preferably includes: dissolving octadecylamine in a polar organic solvent, and then adding isocyanate methacrylate dropwise to the resulting solution.

[0051] In this invention, the molar ratio of ethyl isocyanate to octadecylamine is preferably 1:(0.9-1.2). In specific embodiments, the molar ratio of ethyl isocyanate to octadecylamine can be 1:0.9, 1:1, 1:1.1 or 1:1.2.

[0052] In this invention, the polar organic solvent preferably includes dichloromethane or acetonitrile; the volume ratio of the total molar amount of octadecylamine and isocyanate methacrylate to the volume of the polar organic solvent is preferably 0.1 mol:(100-150) mL. In specific embodiments, it can be 0.1 mol:100 mL, 0.1 mol:110 mL, 0.1 mol:120 mL, 0.1 mol:130 mL, 0.1 mol:140 mL, or 0.1 mol:150 mL.

[0053] In this invention, the temperature of the addition reaction is preferably -20 to 60°C, and the time of the addition reaction is preferably 3 to 6 hours. In specific embodiments, the temperature of the addition reaction can be -20°C, -10°C, 0°C, 10°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, or 60°C, and the time of the addition reaction can be 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, or 6 hours.

[0054] In the addition reaction process described in this invention, the isocyanate group (-N=C=O) in isocyanate methacrylate undergoes a nucleophilic addition reaction with the amino group (-NH2) in octadecylamine to generate a urea monomer. The reaction equation is as follows:

[0055]

[0056] In this invention, as the addition reaction proceeds, the urea monomer is continuously precipitated. Preferably, the product is washed three times with ethyl acetate, filtered to remove the solvent, and dried under vacuum at 35°C overnight to obtain the urea monomer.

[0057] The following is an explanation of ionic monomers.

[0058] In this invention, when the ionic monomer is MDS (the structure shown in Formula 4),

[0059]

[0060] The MDS is preferably prepared by ion exchange reaction of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride and sodium dodecyl sulfonate; specifically, the preparation method of the MDS preferably includes the following steps: mixing methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, sodium dodecyl sulfonate and water, and carrying out ion exchange reaction under stirring and light-protected conditions to obtain the MDS.

[0061] In this invention, the molar ratio of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride to sodium dodecyl sulfonate is preferably 1:(0.8-1.5). In specific embodiments, the molar ratio of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride to sodium dodecyl sulfonate can be 1:0.8, 1:0.9, 1:1, 1:1.1, 1:1.2, 1:1.3, or 1:1.5. In this invention, the volume ratio of the total molar amount of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride and sodium dodecyl sulfonate to water is preferably 0.1 mol:(100-150) mL. In specific embodiments, it can be 0.1 mol:100 mL, 0.1 mol:110 mL, 0.1 mol:120 mL, 0.1 mol:130 mL, 0.1 mol:140 mL, or 0.1 mol:150 mL.

[0062] In this invention, the water is preferably deionized water; the temperature of the ion exchange reaction is preferably 25-80°C, and the time is preferably 8-48 hours; in specific embodiments, the temperature of the ion exchange reaction can be 25°C, 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, or 80°C, and the time of the ion exchange reaction can be 8 hours, 10 hours, 15 hours, 20 hours, 25 hours, 30 hours, 36 hours, 40 hours, or 48 hours.

[0063] In this invention, after the ion exchange reaction, the resulting product system is preferably cooled to room temperature, dialyzed in deionized water for 48–96 hours, and then freeze-dried under vacuum to obtain MDS. In this invention, the relative molecular weight of the dialysis membrane used for dialysis is preferably 400. This invention purifies MDS through dialysis, avoiding damage to the structure of MDS caused by high temperatures or harsh physical treatments.

[0064] In this invention, the reaction equation for preparing MDS using methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride and sodium dodecyl sulfonate is shown below:

[0065]

[0066] In this invention, when the ionic monomer is MDEHP (structure shown in Formula 5),

[0067]

[0068] The MDEHP is preferably prepared by ion exchange reaction of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride and sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate. The preparation method of MDEHP is the same as that of MDS, except that sodium dodecyl sulfonate is replaced with sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate.

[0069] In this invention, the reaction equation for preparing MDEHP using methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride and sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate is as follows:

[0070]

[0071] In this invention, the sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate is preferably prepared by a method well known in the art. In a specific embodiment, the preparation method of the sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate preferably includes the following steps: mixing bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate and an alcohol solvent, adding sodium hydroxide aqueous solution dropwise to the resulting mixture until the pH value of the mixture reaches neutral, removing the alcohol solvent under vacuum to obtain the sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate.

[0072] In this invention, the alcohol solvent preferably includes one or more of methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol. The amount of alcohol solvent used is not particularly important, as long as it ensures the smooth progress of the acid-base neutralization reaction. The concentration of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is not particularly important; in a specific embodiment, the mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 20 wt.%. After adding the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, the acidic groups of bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate are neutralized by the sodium hydroxide, generating the corresponding sodium (2-ethylhexyl)phosphate.

[0073] The preparation method of ionic polymer gel factor is described below.

[0074] The preparation method of the ionic polymer gelling factor includes the following steps:

[0075] The raw material monomer, polar organic solvent and initiator are mixed and subjected to free radical polymerization to obtain the ionic polymer gel factor;

[0076] The raw material monomers include urea monomers, octadecyl methacrylate monomers, and ionic monomers. The molar percentages of urea monomers, octadecyl methacrylate monomers, and ionic monomers in the raw material monomers correspond to the percentages of m, n, and o in the ionic polymer gel factor, respectively.

[0077] In this invention, the polar organic solvent preferably includes N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide, or acetonitrile. The amount of the polar organic solvent used is not particularly important, as long as it is sufficient to ensure the smooth progress of the free radical polymerization reaction. In this invention, the initiator is preferably an azo initiator, more preferably azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). The mass of the initiator is preferably 0.5% to 2% of the mass of the raw monomer; in specific embodiments, it can be 0.5%, 0.7%, 1%, 1.5%, 1.8%, or 2.0%.

[0078] In this invention, the initiator is preferably added in batches, more preferably in two batches. When added in two batches, this invention preferably adds 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the initiator at the beginning of the reaction, and then adds the remaining initiator after the reaction has proceeded for 1 to 2 hours.

[0079] In this invention, the preferred temperature for the free radical polymerization reaction is 40–120°C, and the preferred time is 4–12 hours. In specific embodiments, the temperature for the free radical polymerization reaction can be 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 110°C, or 120°C, and the preferred time for the free radical polymerization reaction can be 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours, or 12 hours. In this invention, the free radical polymerization reaction is preferably carried out under nitrogen protection and reflux conditions.

[0080] After the free radical polymerization reaction is completed, the present invention preferably pours the obtained reaction mixture into ethanol to precipitate the product, washes the product with anhydrous ethanol, and dries it overnight at room temperature under vacuum to obtain the ionic polymer gel factor.

[0081] This invention provides the application of the ionic polymer gel factor described in the above-described scheme or the ionic polymer gel factor prepared by the preparation method described in the above-described scheme as a lubricating oil additive.

[0082] The present invention provides a gel lubricant comprising a base lubricating oil and the above-mentioned ionic polymer gelling agent.

[0083] This invention does not have any special requirements for the base lubricating oil. It can be a mineral base oil or a synthetic base oil. Specifically, base oils such as A51, NP451, PAO2, PAO10, PAO40, 150N, 150SN, 150BS, Yubase6, 500N, and 500SN are all applicable to this invention.

[0084] In this invention, the content of ionic polymer gelling factor in the gel lubricant is preferably 1 to 15 wt.%, and in specific embodiments, it can be 1 wt.%, 3 wt.%, 5 wt.%, 7 wt.%, 9 wt.%, 11 wt.%, 13 wt.%, or 15 wt.%.

[0085] The ionic polymer gel factor provided by this invention has good solubility in base lubricants such as mineral base oil and synthetic base oil. In addition, the ionic polymer gel factor contains N, O, S and P heteroatoms. These elements form a strong adsorption layer with the metal surface through their polar parts, providing good lubricity and reducing direct contact with the metal surface. During the friction process, it undergoes a tribochemical reaction with the metal surface to generate a tribochemical reaction film, protecting the metal from mechanical wear and chemical corrosion.

[0086] The present invention does not have special requirements for the preparation of the gel lubricant. The ionic polymer gelling factor is directly dissolved into the base oil under heating conditions, and the gel lubricant can be obtained after cooling.

[0087] The following detailed description, in conjunction with embodiments, illustrates the ionic polymer gelling factor, its preparation method, its application, and the gel lubricant provided by this invention. However, these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0088] The preparation process of the monomers used in the following examples and comparative examples is as follows:

[0089] Preparation of MDEHP: 32.242 g (0.1 mol) of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate was added to a 500 mL round-bottom flask, and 250 mL of anhydrous ethanol was added as a solvent. Then, 20 wt.% NaOH aqueous solution was added dropwise to the solution of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate and anhydrous ethanol until the pH of the mixture reached neutral. The solvent was then removed under vacuum to obtain the desired sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate. A mixture of 34.441 g (0.1 mol) sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate and 22.8468 g (0.11 mol) methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride was dissolved in 270 mL of deionized water. The reaction was carried out at room temperature in the dark for 24 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was dialyzed against deionized water for 48 h, and then freeze-dried under vacuum to obtain pure MDEHP ionic liquid with a yield of 85.72%.

[0090] The structural formula of MDEHP is shown in Equation 5:

[0091]

[0092] Preparation of MDS: A mixture of 28.8379 g (0.1 mol) sodium dodecyl sulfate and 22.8468 g (0.11 mol) methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride was dissolved in 270 mL of deionized water. The reaction was carried out at room temperature in the dark for 24 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was dialyzed against deionized water for 48–96 h. After freeze-drying under vacuum, pure MDS ionic liquid was obtained with a yield of 76.41%.

[0093] The structural formula of MDS is shown in Equation 4:

[0094]

[0095] Preparation of the urea monomer UMA: 29.647 g (0.11 mol) of octadecylamine was dissolved in 250 mL of dichloromethane. 15.515 g (0.1 mol) of isocyanate methacrylate was added dropwise to the solution at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 3 h. UMA precipitated continuously as the reaction proceeded. The product was washed three times with ethyl acetate and dried under vacuum at 35 °C overnight to obtain a white solid product with a yield of 78.80%.

[0096] The structural formula of UMA is shown in Equation 2:

[0097]

[0098] Example 1

[0099] Preparation of the ionic polymer gelling agent PMDEHP-PUMA-PSMA: 9.593 g (20 mmol) MDEHP, 8.493 g (20 mmol) UMA, and 21.161 g (60 mmol) octadecyl methacrylate (SMA) were dissolved in 62 mL of DMF solution. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux at 80 °C for a total reaction time of 8 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. At the beginning of the reaction, 1 wt.% of the total monomers, AIBN, was added as an initiator, followed by 0.5 wt.% AIBN after 1.5 h. After the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was poured into ethanol, and the desired product precipitated. The product was washed three times with anhydrous ethanol, filtered to remove the solvent, and dried overnight in a vacuum oven at room temperature to obtain the ionic polymer gelling agent PMDEHP-PUMA-PSMA in 88.17% yield.

[0100] Example 2

[0101] Preparation of the ionic polymeric gelling agent PMDS-PUMA-PSMA: 8.152 g (20 mmol) MDS, 8.493 g (20 mmol) UMA, and 21.161 g (60 mmol) SMA were dissolved in 62 mL of DMF solution. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux at 80 °C for a total reaction time of 8 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. At the beginning of the reaction, 1 wt.% of the total monomers, AIBN, was added as an initiator, followed by 0.5 wt.% AIBN after 1.5 h. After the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was poured into ethanol, and the desired product precipitated. The product was washed three times with anhydrous ethanol, filtered to remove the solvent, and dried overnight in a vacuum oven at room temperature to obtain the ionic polymeric gelling agent PMDS-PUMA-PSMA in 73.62% yield.

[0102] Application Examples 1-3

[0103] Preparation of PMDEHP-PUMA-PSMA gel lubricant: The PMDEHP-PUMA-PSMA gelling agent from Example 1 was dissolved in 5g of 500SN base oil at concentrations of 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, and 15 wt.% of the lubricant, respectively. The solutions were heated at 80°C for 30 minutes until fully dissolved, and then cooled to form... Figure 1 The PMDEHP-PUMS-PSMA gel lubricant shown is shown.

[0104] Depend on Figure 1 It is known that the gelling agent dissolves in the base oil and forms a gel lubricant upon cooling, thus no longer exhibiting fluidity.

[0105] Application Examples 4-6

[0106] Preparation of PMDS-PUMA-PSMA gel lubricant: The PMDS-PUMA-PSMA gelling agent from Example 2 was dissolved in 5g of 500SN base oil at concentrations of 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, and 15 wt.%, respectively, and heated at 80°C for 30 min to fully dissolve. After cooling, it formed... Figure 2 The PMDS-PUMS-PSMA gel lubricant shown is shown.

[0107] Depend on Figure 2 It is known that the gelling agent dissolves in the base oil and forms a gel lubricant upon cooling, thus no longer exhibiting fluidity.

[0108] Performance testing:

[0109] Solubility tests were conducted on PMDEHP-PUMA-PSMA prepared in Example 1 and PMDS-PUMA-PSMA prepared in Example 2, respectively, at a ratio of 15% of the total mass of the ionic polymer gelling agent and base oil. The test conditions were heating and stirring at 80°C for 30 minutes. Two base oils were tested: 500SN base oil and PAO10 base oil. The test results are shown in [Figure number missing]. Figure 3 . Figure 3 In the above, a is PMDEHP-PUMA-PSMA dissolved in 500 SN, b is PMDEHP-PUMA-PSMA dissolved in PAO10, c is PMDS-PUMA-PSMA dissolved in 500 SN, and d is PMDS-PUMA-PSMA dissolved in PAO10. Figure 3 It is known that both polymer gelling agents have good solubility in 500SN (mineral base oil) and PAO10 base oil (synthetic base oil).

[0110] The friction performance of PMDEHP-PUMA-PSMA gel lubricants obtained from test cases 1-3 was tested, with base oil 500SN used as a blank control. The tests were conducted using an SRV-V micro-vibration friction and wear testing machine manufactured by Optimol Grease GmbH, Germany. The contact mode of the friction pair was ball-disk point contact. The test conditions were: temperature 25℃, frequency 25Hz, amplitude 1mm, load 300N, and test time 30min. The upper test ball was an AISI 52100 steel ball (Φ=10mm), and the lower test sample was an AISI 52100 steel block (hardness 700~750HV). The wear volume of the lower test sample was measured using a fully automatic true-color confocal microscope DCM8. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0111] Table 1. Tribological properties of application examples 1-3 and base oil 500SN

[0112] Base oil 500SN 5% gel 10% gel 15% gel Average coefficient of friction 0.1835 0.0996 0.1019 0.1011 Average wear volume (10 -4 mm 3 )]]> 22.3593 2.6688 2.7055 2.6716

[0113] As shown in Table 1, PMDEHP-PUMA-PSMA gel lubricant exhibits excellent tribological properties under steel-steel contact conditions: in long-term friction tests under 300N load, compared with 500SN base oil, the average coefficient of friction (COF) of 15wt.% PMDEHP-PUMA-PSMA gel lubricant was reduced by 44.90%, and wear was reduced by 88.05%.

[0114] The PMDS-PUMA-PSMA gel lubricants obtained from applications 4-6 were subjected to friction performance tests, with 500SN base oil serving as a blank control. The test conditions were the same as in applications 1-3, and the test results are shown in Table 2.

[0115] Table 2. Tribological properties of application examples 4-6 and base oil 500SN

[0116] Base oil 500SN 5% gel 10% gel 15% gel Average coefficient of friction 0.1835 0.1018 0.0988 0.0995 Average wear volume (10 -4 mm3)]]> 22.3593 3.2321 3.5689 4.5465

[0117] As shown in Table 2, PMDS-PUMA-PSMA gel lubricant exhibits excellent tribological properties under steel-steel contact conditions: in long-term friction tests under 300N load, compared with 500SN base oil, the average COF of 15wt.% PMDS-PUMA-PSMA gel lubricant was reduced by 45.78%, and wear was reduced by 79.67%.

[0118] Comparative Example 1

[0119] The difference from Example 1 is that MDEHP was omitted, and a two-component gelling agent PUMA-PSMA was prepared.

[0120] PUMA-PSMA of Comparative Example 1 was dissolved in 500SN base oil at a concentration of 5 wt.% of the lubricant and heated at 80°C for 30 min to fully dissolve, forming a gel lubricant.

[0121] The gel lubricant has a similar coefficient of friction to that used in Examples 1-6, but its load-bearing capacity is significantly reduced.

[0122] When the amount of gelling agent added is 5 wt.%, the failure load of the gel lubricant prepared by the two-component gelling agent PUMA-PSMA is 450 N, the failure load of the PMDEHP-PUMS-PSMA gel lubricant is 850 N, and the failure load of the PMDS-PUMS-PSMA gel lubricant is 550 N.

[0123] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ionic polymer gelling agent, characterized in that, It has the structure shown in Equation 1: Formula 1; In Equation 1, m, n, and o represent the molar percentages of the corresponding units, where m accounts for 10-30%, n accounts for 50-70%, and o accounts for 10-30%. X is a phosphate ester group; the phosphate ester group is... .

2. The ionic polymer gelling agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The percentage of m is 20%, the percentage of n is 60%, and the percentage of o is 20%.

3. The method for preparing the ionic polymer gelling factor according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The raw material monomer, polar organic solvent and initiator are mixed and subjected to free radical polymerization to obtain the ionic polymer gel factor; The raw material monomers include urea monomers, octadecyl methacrylate monomers, and ionic monomers. The molar percentages of urea monomers, octadecyl methacrylate monomers, and ionic monomers in the raw material monomers correspond to the percentages of m, n, and o in the ionic polymer gel factor, respectively. The structure of the urea monomer is shown in Formula 2, and the structure of the ionic monomer is shown in Formula 3. Formula 2; Formula 3, In Formula 3, X is a phosphate ester group; the phosphate ester group is .

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The free radical polymerization reaction is carried out at a temperature of 40~120℃ for a time of 4~12h.

5. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mass of the initiator is 0.5 to 2% of the mass of the raw material monomer.

6. The application of the ionic polymer gel factor according to any one of claims 1 to 2 or the ionic polymer gel factor prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 3 to 5 as a lubricating oil additive.

7. A gel lubricant, characterized in that, It includes a base lubricating oil and an ionic polymer gelling agent; the ionic polymer gelling agent is the ionic polymer gelling agent according to any one of claims 1 to 2 or the ionic polymer gelling agent prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 3 to 5.

8. The gel lubricant according to claim 7, characterized in that, The content of ionic polymer gelling factor in the gel lubricant is 1~15 wt.%.

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