Ecological soil conditioner based on charcoal and multi-bacteria composite system as core

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and discloses an ecological soil conditioner based on charcoal and a multi-bacteria composite system as a core. 160 to 220 parts of camellia peel; 80 to 150 parts of a mixed improved microbial agent; and 200 to 300 parts of wormcast. The biochar is derived from pyrolysis and carbonization of plant residues. The mixed improved fungicide is prepared by mixing and stirring trichoderma viride, bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus according to a ratio of 1: 1: 1. Through the multi-layer synergistic effect of physics, chemistry and biology, the physical and chemical properties of soil, the microbial ecology and the growth environment of crops are effectively improved. The modifier has significant advantages in traditional chemical modifiers and single biological modifiers, and can achieve a multifunctional improvement effect for different soil problems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and in particular to an ecological soil improver based on biochar and a multi-bacteria composite system. Background Art

[0002] Soil conditioners are important agricultural inputs used to improve soil physical and chemical properties, enhance soil fertility and promote crop growth. Traditional soil conditioners include organic conditioners (such as compost, animal manure, etc.), chemical conditioners (such as lime, aluminum sulfate, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers) and single biological agents (such as certain specific microbial agents). These conditioners have played a certain role in improving soil structure, increasing nutrient content and regulating pH.

[0003] Traditional amendments have limited effects in the management of saline-alkali land. For example, although the use of biochar alone can reduce some of the soil pH and salt content, the extent is not significant enough; and the use of chemical amendments cannot even significantly reduce the soil pH. As a result, existing amendments lack the ability to carry out comprehensive physical, chemical and biological improvements on saline-alkali soils. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an ecological soil conditioner based on biochar and a multi-bacteria composite system as the core, which solves the problem that the existing conditioners lack comprehensive physical, chemical and biological improvement of saline-alkali soil.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: an ecological soil conditioner based on biochar and a multi-bacteria composite system as the core, comprising the following raw materials in the following amounts:

[0006] Biochar: 300-400 parts;

[0007] Camellia peel: 160-220 parts;

[0008] Mixed improved bacterial agent: 80-150 parts;

[0009] Worm castings: 200-300 portions.

[0010] Preferably, the biochar is derived from pyrolysis and carbonization of plant residues.

[0011] Preferably, the mixed improved bacterial agent is prepared by mixing and stirring Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus gellingii in a ratio of 1:1:1.

[0012] Preferably, the viable bacteria contents of Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus gellingii are all above 1×10 8 CFU / g.

[0013] A preparation process based on the above-mentioned improver comprises the following steps:

[0014] S1, treating plant residues by pyrolysis and carbonization to prepare biochar with a high specific surface area;

[0015] S2, crush the camellia peel, and pass it through a 60-mesh sieve for later use;

[0016] S3, mixing Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus gellingii in a ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare a mixed improved bacterial agent with a live bacterial content of 1×108 CFU / g or more;

[0017] S4. Evenly mix the biochar, camellia peel, mixed improvement bacteria and earthworm castings, and stir to prepare a soil conditioner.

[0018] Preferably, the temperature of the pyrolysis carbonization treatment is 400-500° C., and the carbonization time is 2-4 hours, so as to obtain biochar with a porosity of 50%-80%.

[0019] Preferably, the camellia peel pulverization process adopts cold pulverization technology to keep its active ingredients from being destroyed.

[0020] Preferably, the mixed improved bacterial agent is cultured by liquid fermentation during the preparation process, the culture temperature is 28 to 32° C., and the culture time is 24 to 48 hours.

[0021] Preferably, 10% to 20% of water based on the total amount of ingredients is added during the stirring process, and the stirring time is 10 to 20 minutes to ensure that the raw materials are evenly mixed.

[0022] Preferably, the prepared soil conditioner is naturally dried until the moisture content is less than 10%, and then sealed and packaged for storage.

[0023] The present invention provides an ecological soil conditioner based on biochar and a multi-bacteria composite system as the core.

[0024] It has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The ecological soil conditioner based on biochar and multi-bacteria composite system of the present invention effectively improves the physical and chemical properties of soil, microbial ecology and crop growth environment through the synergistic effects of physical, chemical and biological levels.

[0026] 2. The biochar of the present invention plays an important role in improving the physical structure and adsorption capacity of the soil; the camellia peel regulates the soil alkalinity and nutrient cycle by releasing organic matter and active ingredients; the multi-bacteria complex system significantly enhances the soil ecological activity by increasing soil enzyme activity and microbial diversity; and the earthworm manure achieves a long-term improvement in soil fertility by supplementing organic nutrients and promoting soil aggregation structure.

[0027] 3. The comparative data of saline-alkali land improvement experiments and microbial activity experiments fully prove that the present invention not only has significant advantages over traditional chemical improvers and single biological improvers, but also can achieve multifunctional improvement effects for different soil problems, and has broad application prospects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Embodiment 1:

[0030] Raw material ratio (mass fraction):

[0031] Biochar: 300 parts

[0032] Camellia peel: 160 servings

[0033] Mixed improved bacterial agent: 80 parts

[0034] Worm castings: 200 copies

[0035] Process steps:

[0036] Biochar preparation: The plant residues were pyrolyzed and carbonized at 450 °C for 3 h to obtain biochar with a porosity of 60%.

[0037] Camellia peel processing: Crush the camellia peel and pass it through a 60-mesh sieve for later use.

[0038] Preparation of mixed improved bacterial agent: Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus gellingii were mixed in a ratio of 1:1:1, cultured by liquid fermentation at a temperature of 30°C for 36 hours, and the viable bacteria content reached 1×108 CFU / g.

[0039] Stirring and mixing: Mix the biochar, camellia peel, mixed improvement bacteria and earthworm castings, add 15% of the total amount of water, stir for 15 minutes, and prepare a uniform soil conditioner.

[0040] Drying and packaging: Dry naturally until the moisture content is less than 10%, and store in sealed packaging.

[0041] Embodiment 2:

[0042] Raw material ratio (mass fraction):

[0043] Biochar: 350 parts

[0044] Camellia peel: 200 servings

[0045] Mixed improved bacterial agent: 100 copies

[0046] Worm castings: 250 servings

[0047] Process steps:

[0048] Biochar preparation: The plant residues were pyrolyzed and carbonized at 500 °C for 2.5 h to obtain biochar with a porosity of 70%.

[0049] Camellia peel processing: Use cold crushing technology to crush the camellia peel and pass it through an 80-mesh sieve for later use.

[0050] Preparation of mixed improved bacterial agent: Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus gellingii were cultured in liquid fermentation at a temperature of 28°C for 48 hours, and the content of live bacteria reached 1×108 CFU / g.

[0051] Stirring and mixing: Mix the biochar, camellia peel, mixed improvement bacteria and earthworm castings, add 10% water of the total amount of the raw materials, stir for 20 minutes, and prepare the soil conditioner.

[0052] Drying and packaging: Dry naturally until the moisture content is less than 10%, and then seal and package.

[0053] Embodiment three:

[0054] Raw material ratio (mass fraction):

[0055] Biochar: 400 parts

[0056] Camellia peel: 220 servings

[0057] Mixed improved bacterial agent: 150 copies

[0058] Worm castings: 300 servings

[0059] Process steps:

[0060] Biochar preparation: Plant residues were pyrolyzed and carbonized at 400 °C for 4 h to obtain biochar with a porosity of 50%.

[0061] Camellia peel processing: Grind and pass through 60-mesh sieve for later use.

[0062] Preparation of mixed improved bacterial agent: The mixed improved bacterial agent was fermented in liquid at a temperature of 32°C for 24 hours, and the live bacteria content reached 1×108 CFU / g.

[0063] Stirring and mixing: Mix the biochar, camellia peel, mixed improvement bacteria and earthworm castings, add 20% water of the total amount of raw materials, stir for 10 minutes, and prepare the soil conditioner.

[0064] Drying and packaging: Dry naturally until the moisture content is less than 10%, and store in a sealed container.

[0065] Embodiment 4:

[0066] Raw material ratio (mass fraction):

[0067] Biochar: 320 parts

[0068] Camellia peel: 180 servings

[0069] Mixed improved bacterial agent: 120 copies

[0070] Worm castings: 280 servings

[0071] Process steps:

[0072] Same as Example 2, but the biochar carbonization temperature was controlled at 420°C, the carbonization time was 3 hours, and the porosity was 65%.

[0073] Embodiment five:

[0074] Raw material ratio (mass fraction):

[0075] Biochar: 370 parts

[0076] Camellia peel: 210 parts

[0077] Mixed improved bacterial agent: 140 copies

[0078] Worm castings: 290 servings

[0079] Process steps:

[0080] Same as Example 3, but the fermentation time of the mixed improved bacterial agent is 36 hours and the culture temperature is 30°C.

[0081] Experiment 1:

[0082] Testing of the effect of soil conditioners on improving saline-alkali land.

[0083] Purpose:

[0084] Verify the effectiveness of ecological soil conditioners based on biochar and multi-bacteria composite systems in improving saline-alkali land.

[0085] Experimental design:

[0086] Experimental soil: A type of soil with a pH of 8.5 and a salt content of 0.6% (simulating saline-alkali land) was selected.

[0087] Experimental groups:

[0088] Test group: The soil conditioner in Example 4 was used at an application rate of 60 g / kg soil.

[0089] Control group 1: Biochar was used alone at a rate of 40 g / kg soil.

[0090] Control group 2: Common chemical amendments (such as aluminum sulfate) were used at an application rate of 2 g / kg soil.

[0091] Control group 3: No improver was applied.

[0092] Test indicators:

[0093] Soil pH

[0094] Soil salt content (%)

[0095] Soil moisture content (%)

[0096] Crop (wheat) growth indicators (growth height and dry weight).

[0097] The experimental data obtained are shown in Table 1 below:

[0098]

[0099]

[0100] Table 1

[0101] Experimental results and analysis:

[0102] The soil pH value of the experimental group was significantly reduced to the neutral range (7.0-7.5), and the soil salt content was significantly reduced;

[0103] The soil moisture content increased, indicating that the amendment improved the soil's ability to retain water;

[0104] The growth height and dry weight of crops were significantly higher than those of other groups, showing the promoting effect of the amendment on the growth of crops in saline-alkali land.

[0105] Experiment 2:

[0106] Soil microbial activity test.

[0107] Purpose:

[0108] Evaluate the effects of amendments on soil microbial activity and diversity, and verify whether they promote soil ecological environment restoration.

[0109] Experimental design:

[0110] Experimental soil: Select poor soil (organic matter content <0.5%, low microbial activity).

[0111] Experimental groups:

[0112] Test group: The soil conditioner in Example 5 was applied at an application rate of 50 g / kg soil.

[0113] Control group 1: Camellia peel was administered alone (administered amount: 30 g / kg).

[0114] Control group 2: The mixed improved bacterial agent (live bacteria concentration was 1×108 CFU / g, application amount was 10 g / kg) was applied alone.

[0115] Control group 3: No improver was applied.

[0116] Test indicators:

[0117] Soil enzyme activity (urease, phosphatase, mg / g / h)

[0118] Total soil microorganisms (cfu / g soil)

[0119] Microbial diversity index (Shannon index).

[0120] The experimental data obtained are shown in Table 2 below:

[0121]

[0122] Table 2

[0123] Experimental results and analysis:

[0124] The soil enzyme activity in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in other groups, indicating that the amendment significantly improved the efficiency of biochemical processes in the soil;

[0125] The total amount of microorganisms and diversity index reached the highest level in the experimental group, indicating that the modifier has a promoting effect on the recovery and diversity of the microbial community;

[0126] Control group 1 and control group 2 respectively showed single functional effects, but failed to achieve the comprehensive effect of the multi-bacteria complex system.

[0127] in conclusion:

[0128] 1. Effect of improving saline-alkali land:

[0129] The experimental results show that the soil pH value of the test group (the soil conditioner described in Example 4) was significantly reduced to 7.2, reaching the neutral range, showing excellent saline-alkali land improvement ability compared with the control group. At the same time, the soil salt content was reduced from the initial 0.6% to 0.3%, the moisture content was significantly increased to 15.8%, and the growth height and dry weight of the crop (wheat) were significantly higher than those of other groups.

[0130] analyze:

[0131] The role of biochar:

[0132] Biochar has a high porosity (50%-80% in this experiment), which can enhance the adsorption capacity of the soil and reduce the effective content of salt. Its porous structure also promotes the aeration and water retention of the soil, thereby improving the physical properties of saline-alkali land.

[0133] The role of camellia peel:

[0134] Camellia peel contains natural organic acids and active ingredients, which can neutralize alkaline substances in saline-alkali soil and further reduce the soil pH. In addition, the organic matter released during its decomposition process enhances the soil's nutrient storage capacity.

[0135] The role of mixed improved bacterial agents:

[0136] Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus gellingii work together to further regulate the microenvironment of saline-alkali soil through metabolic activities. For example, the polysaccharides produced by Bacillus gellingii can promote the aggregation of soil particles and improve the structure; Bacillus subtilis improves the buffering capacity of the soil by secreting organic acids and inhibiting the effects of salt stress.

[0137] The role of earthworm castings:

[0138] Earthworm castings are a natural organic fertilizer that is rich in humic acid and other substances. They can enhance the ion exchange capacity of the soil, while replenishing the organic nutrients in the soil, significantly improving soil fertility and crop growth performance.

[0139] In summary, the multifunctional materials in the present invention improve the properties of saline-alkali soil at multiple levels, including chemical, physical and biological levels, through synergistic effects.

[0140] 2. Soil microbial activity and ecological restoration effect:

[0141] The test group (soil conditioner described in Example 5) showed the best effects in terms of soil enzyme activity, total microbial count and diversity index (Shannon index), among which urease activity and phosphatase activity reached 12.8 mg / g / h and 8.5 mg / g / h, respectively, the total microbial count was 5.3×108 CFU / g soil, and the diversity index was 3.9, which was much higher than that of the control group.

[0142] analyze:

[0143] The role of biochar:

[0144] As a carrier of microorganisms, the porous structure of biochar provides a suitable habitat for soil microorganisms, adsorbs and fixes nutrients in the soil, and improves the survival rate and metabolic efficiency of microorganisms. In addition, the carbon skeleton structure of biochar helps to enhance the carbon cycle in the soil and provides a long-term energy source for the metabolism of microorganisms.

[0145] The role of mixed improved bacterial agents:

[0146] Different strains of bacteria have synergistic effects in the soil: Trichoderma viride acts as an antagonist to inhibit the growth of soil pathogens and decompose organic matter to release available nutrients; Bacillus subtilis promotes soil nitrogen cycle by producing bioactive substances; and Bacillus gellinga improves soil aggregate structure and enhances soil biodiversity. The combination of the three bacterial agents greatly improves the activity and diversity of soil microorganisms.

[0147] The role of camellia peel:

[0148] Camellia peel is rich in plant secondary metabolites. When decomposed by microorganisms, these substances can stimulate the activity of beneficial bacteria in the soil, thereby optimizing the soil microbial community structure.

[0149] The role of earthworm castings:

[0150] Earthworm castings are rich in humus and organic matter, which not only provides a rich nutrient matrix for soil microorganisms, but also promotes the growth and metabolic activity of microorganisms by improving soil structure and increasing aeration.

[0151] Therefore, the ecological soil conditioner of the present invention significantly improves the ecological environment of the soil by increasing soil enzyme activity and enhancing microbial diversity, and exhibits an excellent ecological restoration effect.

[0152] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An ecological soil conditioner based on biochar and multi-bacteria composite system, characterized in that: The following quantities of ingredients are included: Biochar: 300-400 parts; Camellia peel: 160-220 parts; Mixed improved bacterial agent: 80-150 parts; Worm castings: 200-300 portions.

2. The ecological soil conditioner based on biochar and multi-bacteria composite system as the core according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biochar is derived from the pyrolysis and carbonization of plant residues.

3. The ecological soil conditioner based on biochar and multi-bacteria composite system as the core according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixed improved bacterial agent is prepared by mixing and stirring Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus gellingii in a ratio of 1:1:

1.

4. The ecological soil conditioner based on biochar and multi-bacteria composite system as the core according to claim 3, characterized in that: The viable bacterial contents of Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus gelatinosa are all 1×10 8 CFU / g and above.

5. A preparation process of the improver according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, treating plant residues by pyrolysis and carbonization to prepare biochar with a high specific surface area; S2, crush the camellia peel, and pass it through a 60-mesh sieve for later use; S3, Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus gelatinosa were mixed in a ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare a culture medium with a live bacterial content of 1×10 8 Mixed improved bacterial agents with CFU / g or above; S4. Evenly mix the biochar, camellia peel, mixed improvement bacteria and earthworm castings, and stir to prepare a soil conditioner.

6. The preparation process of the improver according to claim 5, characterized in that: The temperature of the pyrolysis carbonization treatment is 400-500° C., and the carbonization time is 2-4 hours, so as to obtain biochar with a porosity of 50%-80%.

7. The preparation process of the improver according to claim 5, characterized in that: The camellia peel pulverization process adopts cold pulverization technology to keep the active ingredients thereof from being destroyed.

8. The preparation process of the improver according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mixed improved bacterial agent is cultured by liquid fermentation during the preparation process, the culture temperature is 28-32° C., and the culture time is 24-48 hours.

9. The preparation process of the improver according to claim 5, characterized in that: During the stirring process, 10% to 20% of water based on the total amount of ingredients is added, and the stirring time is 10 to 20 minutes to ensure that the raw materials are evenly mixed.

10. The preparation process of the improver according to claim 5, characterized in that: The prepared soil conditioner is naturally dried until the moisture content is less than 10%, and then sealed and packaged for storage.

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