A method for ultrasonic testing and specimen preparation of additive-subtractive composite components

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of nondestructive testing technology and relates to an ultrasonic testing method and test block fabrication method for additive-subtractive composite manufactured components. Taking additive-subtractive composite manufactured components with complex structures formed by additive forming on a forging substrate as the object, comparative ultrasonic testing test blocks are fabricated for the forging zone, the additive / forging transition zone, and the additive forming area. Appropriate testing directions and sensitivity adjustment methods are selected according to the forming process and structural characteristics of each area to achieve comprehensive detection of internal defects in the additive-subtractive composite manufactured components. This invention solves the problem of inaccurate test results caused by the anisotropy and non-uniformity of additive manufacturing materials, and provides a comprehensive and effective testing method for additive-subtractive composite manufactured components through regional testing, thus ensuring the quality of additive manufactured products.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of nondestructive testing technology and relates to an ultrasonic testing method and test block preparation method for composite components made of additive and subtractive materials. Background Technology

[0002] The use of high-performance, difficult-to-machine metal components is increasing in fields such as aerospace, with the overall trend towards larger size, integration, lightweight, high performance, high reliability, and long service life. Key metal components made of titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, high-temperature alloys, and high-strength steel are becoming increasingly larger and more complex in structure, especially in intricate and complex local structures. Traditional processes such as forging and casting often present difficulties in forming these components, resulting in long processing cycles and high costs. Metal additive manufacturing technology enables moldless, rapid, near-net-shape forming of high-performance, dense metal parts, offering unique advantages in forming complex-shaped components. By combining forging and additive manufacturing, the base part of the component is formed by forging, while complex or difficult-to-form structures are manufactured using additive forming. This approach leverages the advantages of both forming processes, ensuring both the overall formability of the component and the quality of intricate and complex structural parts, while minimizing machining work, increasing material utilization, and reducing costs.

[0003] Components formed using additive-subtractive composite manufacturing processes are non-uniform in structure, inevitably containing transition zones between the matrix and the additive portion. These transition zones often become weak points in the components, requiring reliable testing to ensure their safety in use. Furthermore, due to the unique forming method, additively manufactured areas exhibit anisotropy and non-uniform microstructure, leading to significant differences in applicable testing methods compared to conventional forgings. However, lacking dedicated ultrasonic testing methods and comparative test blocks, internal quality inspections are often conducted using methods similar to those forgings, with forging comparative test blocks used for sensitivity adjustment and defect assessment. This can result in inaccurate test results or even missed detections.

[0004] To address the aforementioned challenges in inspecting additively manufactured components after forming, research institutions both domestically and internationally are conducting research on online monitoring methods during the additive manufacturing process, and relevant literature and patents have already been published. However, overall, the maturity of online monitoring methods remains low. The amount of data collected is enormous and processing is complex, and the detection accuracy and speed cannot yet meet the needs of industrial production. Engineering applications are not yet feasible without substantial data accumulation and application verification. Furthermore, online monitoring places high demands on forming equipment, significantly increasing economic costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to propose an ultrasonic testing and test block fabrication method for additive-subtractive composite components, so as to achieve accurate, comprehensive, convenient and low-cost detection of internal defects in additive-subtractive composite components.

[0006] To solve this technical problem, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for ultrasonic testing and specimen preparation of composite components made from additive and subtractive materials is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1: Using a composite manufacturing process, a local fine structure is produced by additive manufacturing on a forging substrate to obtain a composite component made of additive and subtractive materials. The surface of the component is pretreated, and the surface roughness Ra value of the inspected part should not be greater than 3.2μm.

[0009] S2: Determine the inspection zoning scheme, inspection surface and ultrasonic beam incident direction based on the structural characteristics of the composite manufacturing component and the additive deposition direction. The ultrasonic beam incident direction is perpendicular to the inspection surface.

[0010] The zoning scheme for composite manufacturing components is specifically divided into an additive forming zone, an additive / forging transition zone, and a forging forming zone;

[0011] The additive / forging transition zone is a region extending 3-5 mm from the additive / forging interface to both the additive forming zone and the forging forming zone. The area outside the additive / forging transition zone where additive manufacturing is used is the additive forming zone, and the area where forging is used is the forging forming zone.

[0012] S3: Select the ultrasonic testing method, testing instrument, and probe;

[0013] S4: Prepare contrast test blocks for ultrasonic testing separately for different testing zones. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0014] 1) For the additive manufacturing area, the test comparison block is made of the same material, forming process and forming direction as the part under test. A set (no less than 3 blocks) of flat-bottomed holes with different embedment depths are made as artificial reflectors. The embedment depth range of the flat-bottomed holes includes at least the machining allowance of the component under test to the maximum test thickness. The diameter of the flat-bottomed holes is Φ0.8~2.0mm and the length of the flat-bottomed holes is 5~15mm. The flat-bottomed holes are made in the area of ​​the test block material where the ultrasonic bottom wave attenuation is the greatest.

[0015] 2) For the additive / forging transition zone, the comparison test block should be made of the same material as the part under inspection, with the same structural characteristics and forming process. A flat-bottomed hole should be made as an artificial reflector. The flat-bottomed hole should be drilled from the additive side of the test block material and the bottom of the hole should be located in the transition zone. The depth of the flat-bottomed hole should be the same as the thickness of the forging side material of the part under inspection. The diameter of the flat-bottomed hole should be Φ0.8~2.0mm.

[0016] 3) For the forging zone, the preparation of the comparative test block for testing shall be carried out in accordance with HB 20159;

[0017] S5: Using the probes and comparison blocks corresponding to each detection zone, make the amplitude of the reflected signal from any flat-bottomed hole on the selected block reach 80% of the full scale of the fluorescent screen, and take the gain value of the lowest amplitude as the scanning sensitivity for scanning the area.

[0018] S6: Determine the detection parameters such as scanning interval and scanning speed; using the selected probe and detection parameters, perform scanning according to the detection zone, and record and evaluate the scanning results;

[0019] The additive-subtractive composite manufacturing component refers to an additive-subtractive composite manufacturing component obtained by additive manufacturing of local fine structures on a forging manufacturing matrix using a composite manufacturing process.

[0020] The composite manufacturing process refers to the additive / forging composite process; the local fine structure refers to one or more of the following structures: frame, beam, rib, or cylinder.

[0021] Furthermore, in step S1, the additive manufacturing process can be laser / electron beam directional energy deposition or laser / electron beam selective melting; the materials used can be titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, high-temperature alloys, or high-strength steel.

[0022] Furthermore, in step S2, the acoustic beam incident direction in the additive forming zone is incident from the additive side along the deposition direction. If it is not possible to detect from the deposition direction, other directions can be selected and the sensitivity can be increased by at least 12dB for detection. The acoustic beam in the additive / forging transition zone is incident from the forging side, and the selection of the acoustic beam incident direction in the forging forming zone is in accordance with HB 20159.

[0023] Preferably, in step S3, the ultrasonic testing method selected is either water immersion or contact pulse reflection, with water immersion focused pulse reflection C-scan imaging preferred. When the water immersion method cannot be used due to structural limitations, the contact method is used.

[0024] In step S3, the ultrasonic testing instrument should have a frequency band range of 1 to 20 MHz; for water immersion pulse reflection testing, a 5 to 10 MHz water immersion focusing probe is recommended, and for contact pulse reflection testing, a flat probe with a frequency of 5 MHz or higher is recommended. The peak frequency of the selected probe should deviate from the nominal value within ±10% of the nominal value.

[0025] If the comparative test block containing the additive / forging transition zone is not available in S4, a forging test block with the same material and the same embedment depth as the forging forming zone shall be used instead, and a transmission correction value shall be added to the gain value obtained by adjusting the forging test block. The measurement of the transmission correction value shall be performed in accordance with HB 20159.

[0026] The bottom surface of the artificial reflector with flat bottom hole on the comparison test block of the additive forming zone and the additive / forging transition zone should be flat and without chamfer. The hole diameter deviation should not be greater than ±0.01mm of the hole diameter design value. The quality of the bottom of the flat bottom hole can be checked by the silicone rubber coating method.

[0027] In step S5, the water immersion focusing pulse reflection C-scan imaging method is preferred for the additive / forging transition zone. The probe focal point is located in the transition zone by adjusting the water distance, and the gate width is not less than 10mm.

[0028] In step S6, the scanning interval should not be greater than one-third of the effective beam width of the probe, and the scanning speed should not be greater than 100 mm / s.

[0029] In step S1, the surface of the component is pretreated to remove loose oxide scale, burrs and oil stains that affect ultrasonic testing.

[0030] Preferably, the artificial reflectors in S4 are all manufactured by mechanical processing.

[0031] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0032] This invention proposes an ultrasonic testing and test block fabrication method for composite components made with additive and subtractive materials. Its advantages and beneficial effects are as follows:

[0033] (1) This invention achieves comprehensive detection of internal defects in non-uniform composite components by dividing the detection into regions and rationally selecting the detection direction and sensitivity adjustment method for different regions, thus solving the problem of the lack of accurate, effective and dedicated ultrasonic testing methods for composite components.

[0034] (2) The present invention fully considers the structural and organizational characteristics of additive and subtractive composite manufacturing components, and makes ultrasonic testing comparison blocks for the forging forming zone, the additive / forging transition zone and the additive forming zone, respectively, and clearly gives the key points of making the above-mentioned special comparison blocks, avoiding the problem of inaccurate test results or even missed detection caused by using forged comparison blocks as substitutes.

[0035] (3) The detection method proposed in this invention is an offline detection method after forming. Compared with the online monitoring method, it has higher maturity and accuracy. It can meet the requirements with conventional detection equipment, making it more convenient to use, lower in cost, and more suitable for engineering applications. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions implemented in this invention, the accompanying drawings used in the examples of this invention will be briefly explained below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic testing and test block fabrication method for composite components with additive and subtractive materials in this invention.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure and detection direction of the forging / laser directional energy deposition composite manufacturing component according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic testing comparison test block of the transition zone of forging / laser directional energy deposition in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure and detection direction of the forging / laser selective melting composite manufacturing component according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] The features of various aspects of the embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention can also be practiced without these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the invention by illustrating examples. The invention is not limited to any specific setups and methods provided below, but covers all improvements, substitutions, etc., to product structures and methods without departing from the spirit of the invention.

[0043] In the various accompanying drawings and the following description, well-known structures and techniques are not shown in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the invention.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] A load-bearing frame structure with dimensions of 400×400×200mm was additively manufactured on a forged substrate using TC4 titanium alloy forging / laser-directed energy deposition (LDED). The forging portion was 70mm thick, and the deposition direction was along the height of the component. A 5mm machining allowance was allowed on each side. The required testing sensitivity was equivalent to a Φ1.2mm flat-bottomed hole. Ultrasonic testing and specimen preparation methods for additive-subtractive composite manufactured components were employed. The main steps are as follows:

[0046] S1: The surface of the TC4 titanium alloy forged / laser-directed energy deposition composite manufactured component is pretreated. Loose oxide scale, burrs and oil stains that may affect ultrasonic testing are not allowed. The surface roughness Ra value is 3.2μm.

[0047] S2: The composite manufactured component is divided into three areas—additive forming area, additive / forging transition area, and forging forming area—for testing in each area (see...). Figure 2 The additive / forging transition zone is defined as the area extending 5mm from the additive / forging interface into both the additive forming zone and the forging forming zone. The area outside the additive / forging transition zone that utilizes additive manufacturing is the additive forming zone, and the area that utilizes forging manufacturing is the forging forming zone. For the additive forming zone, ultrasonic beams are incident from directions 1, 2, and 3 for detection; for the additive / forging transition zone, the beam is incident from direction 4; and for the forging forming zone, the beam is incident from direction 5.

[0048] S3: The water immersion focusing pulse-echo C-scan imaging method is selected for detection. An ultrasonic detector is used with a 6-axis scanner for scanning. The instrument's frequency range is 0.5 to 25 MHz. The water immersion focusing probe A (frequency 5 MHz, focal length 6 inches) is used for detection.

[0049] S4: Prepare contrast test blocks for ultrasonic testing separately for different testing zones:

[0050] 1) For the additive manufacturing area, one set of comparative test blocks along the deposition direction and one set perpendicular to the deposition direction need to be prepared. The material used is TC4 laser-directed energy deposition molding blank. Among them, the comparative test block along the deposition direction is used to detect the sensitivity adjustment of direction 1. The maximum detection thickness in this direction is 62mm. Therefore, a set of comparative test blocks is prepared with a diameter of Φ1.2mm flat bottom hole, hole depth of 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60mm, and hole length of 5mm. The drilling direction is along the deposition direction, and the drilling position is located in the area of ​​maximum ultrasonic backwave attenuation on the blank. The comparative test block perpendicular to the deposition direction is used to detect the sensitivity adjustment of directions 2 and 3. The maximum detection thickness in the above directions is 80mm. Therefore, a set of comparative test blocks is prepared with a diameter of Φ1.2mm flat bottom hole, hole depth of 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80mm, and hole length of 5mm. The drilling direction is perpendicular to the deposition direction, and the drilling position is also located in the area of ​​maximum ultrasonic backwave attenuation in this direction.

[0051] 2) For the additive / forging transition zone, a material containing a TC4 titanium alloy forging / laser-directed energy deposition transition zone is used. See the schematic diagram of the test block. Figure 3 The forging part is 70mm thick, the laser-directed energy deposition part is 10mm thick, and a flat-bottomed hole with a length of 10mm and a diameter of Φ1.2mm is drilled from the additive side to make an additive / forging transition zone comparison test block.

[0052] 3) For the forging zone, a complete set of TC4 distance-amplitude flat-bottomed hole test blocks with a hole diameter of Φ1.2mm that meet the requirements of HB 20159 can be used directly;

[0053] After the flat-bottomed holes in the above comparative test blocks were fabricated, the quality of the bottom of the flat-bottomed holes was inspected using the silicone rubber molding method. The bottom surface should be flat and without chamfers, and the hole diameter deviation should not exceed Φ1.2±0.01mm. If the above requirements are not met, the flat-bottomed holes should be fabricated again.

[0054] S5: Adjustment of detection sensitivity in different detection directions:

[0055] Detection Direction 1: Using the water immersion focusing probe A, adjust the height of the reflected echo from the flat-bottomed holes at different burial depths in the comparison test block prepared along the deposition direction in S4 to 80% of the full-screen scale, plot the DAC curve, and use this sensitivity as the detection sensitivity.

[0056] Detection directions 2 and 3: Using the water immersion focusing probe A, adjust the height of the reflected echo from the flat-bottomed holes at different burial depths in the comparison block made in S4 perpendicular to the deposition direction to 80% of the full-screen scale, plot the DAC curve, and increase the gain by 12dB as the detection sensitivity.

[0057] Detection Direction 4: Using probe A, adjust the height of the reflected echo from the flat-bottomed hole in the additive / forging transition zone comparison block made in S4 to 80% of the full-screen scale. At this time, the gain value is 62dB. Use this sensitivity as the detection sensitivity, and the gate width is 10mm.

[0058] Detection Direction 5: Using probe A, adjust the reflected echo height of the flat-bottomed hole with a depth of 5-70mm in the TC4 distance-amplitude flat-bottomed hole comparison block with a diameter of Φ1.2mm to 80% of the full screen scale, plot the DAC curve, and use this sensitivity as the detection sensitivity.

[0059] S6: Use the detection sensitivity set for each detection zone to perform scanning, with a scanning interval of 0.8mm and a scanning speed of 100mm / s. During the scanning process, record the planar position, burial depth, and amplitude of defects with dimensions exceeding the equivalent of a Φ1.2mm flat-bottom hole.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] A cylindrical structure with external dimensions of Φ150×50mm was additively manufactured on a forged substrate using TC4 titanium alloy forging / laser selective melting composite manufacturing. The forged portion was 10mm thick, and the deposition direction was along the height of the component. A 3mm machining allowance was allowed on each side. The required detection sensitivity was equivalent to a Φ0.8mm flat-bottomed hole. Ultrasonic testing and specimen preparation methods for additive-subtractive composite manufactured components were employed. The main steps are as follows:

[0062] S1: The surface of the TC4 titanium alloy forged / laser selective melting composite manufacturing component is pretreated. Loose oxide scale, burrs and oil stains that may affect ultrasonic testing are not allowed. The surface roughness Ra value is 1.6μm.

[0063] S2: The composite manufactured component is divided into three areas—additive forming area, additive / forging transition area, and forging forming area—for testing in each area (see...). Figure 4 The additive / forging transition zone is defined as a region extending 3mm from the additive / forging interface into both the additive forming zone and the forging forming zone. The area outside the additive / forging transition zone using additive manufacturing is the additive forming zone, and the area using forging manufacturing is the forging forming zone. For the additive forming zone, an ultrasonic beam is incident from direction 1 for detection; for the additive / forging transition zone, the beam is incident from direction 2; and for the forging forming zone, the beam is incident from direction 3.

[0064] S3: The water immersion focusing pulse-echo C-scan imaging method is selected for detection. An ultrasonic detector is used with a 6-axis scanner for scanning. The instrument's frequency range is 0.5 to 25 MHz. The water immersion focusing probe B (frequency 10 MHz, focal length 3 inches) is used for detection.

[0065] S4: Prepare contrast test blocks for ultrasonic testing separately for different testing zones:

[0066] 1) For the additive forming area, a set of comparative test blocks along the deposition direction were prepared to adjust the sensitivity of the detection direction 1. The material used was TC4 laser selective melting forming billet. The maximum detection thickness in this direction is 40mm. Therefore, a set of comparative test blocks with flat bottom holes with a diameter of Φ0.8mm, hole depths of 3, 10, 20 and 40mm respectively, and hole length of 5mm were prepared. The drilling direction was along the deposition direction, and the drilling position was located in the area of ​​the billet where the ultrasonic bottom wave attenuation was the greatest.

[0067] 2) For the additive / forging transition zone, a material containing the TC4 titanium alloy forging / laser selective melting transition zone is used. See the sample block form for details. Figure 3 The forging part is 10mm thick, the laser selective melting part is 5mm thick, and a flat-bottomed hole with a length of 5mm and a diameter of Φ0.8mm is drilled from the additive side to make an additive / forging transition zone comparison test block.

[0068] 3) For the forging zone, a complete set of TC4 distance-amplitude flat-bottomed hole test blocks with a hole diameter of Φ0.8mm that meet the requirements of HB 20159 can be used directly;

[0069] After the flat-bottomed holes in the above comparative test blocks were fabricated, the quality of the bottom of the flat-bottomed holes was inspected using the silicone rubber molding method. The bottom surface should be flat and without chamfers, and the diameter deviation of the hole should not exceed Φ0.8±0.01mm. If the above requirements are not met, the flat-bottomed holes should be fabricated again.

[0070] S5: Adjustment of detection sensitivity in different detection directions:

[0071] Detection Direction 1: Using probe B, adjust the height of the reflected echo from flat-bottomed holes at different burial depths in the comparison test block prepared along the deposition direction in S4 to 80% of the full-screen scale, plot the DAC curve, and use this sensitivity as the detection sensitivity;

[0072] Detection Direction 2: Using probe B, adjust the height of the reflected echo from the flat-bottomed hole in the additive / forging transition zone comparison block made in S4 to 80% of the full-screen scale. At this time, the gain value is 64dB. Use this sensitivity as the detection sensitivity, and the gate width is 10mm.

[0073] Detection Direction 3: Using probe B, adjust the reflected echo height of the flat-bottomed hole with a depth of 3-10mm in the TC4 distance-amplitude flat-bottomed hole comparison block with a diameter of Φ0.8mm to 80% of the full screen scale, plot the DAC curve, and use this sensitivity as the detection sensitivity.

[0074] S6: Use the detection sensitivity set for each detection zone to perform scanning, with a scanning interval of 0.4mm and a scanning speed of 100mm / s. During the scanning process, record the planar position, burial depth, and amplitude of defects with dimensions exceeding the equivalent of a Φ0.8mm flat-bottom hole.

[0075] The ultrasonic testing and test block fabrication method for additive-subtractive composite components proposed in this invention can be used to fabricate and test comparative test blocks for different regions of the composite components described in Examples 1 and 2, achieving high sensitivity and high accuracy testing of all regions of the component. Conventional testing methods usually do not perform zonal testing and use forged test blocks to adjust the sensitivity of the entire region, without considering the special characteristics of additive forming materials and the special characteristics of the transition zone structure. This will lead to inaccurate test results or even missed detections. This invention can effectively solve the above problems.

[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ultrasonic testing and test block fabrication of additive-subtractive composite components, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Using a composite manufacturing process, a local fine structure is produced by additive manufacturing on a forging substrate to obtain a composite component made of additive and subtractive materials. The surface of the component is pretreated and the surface roughness Ra value of the inspected part is not greater than 3.2μm. S2: Determine the inspection zoning scheme, inspection surface and ultrasonic beam incident direction based on the structural characteristics of the composite manufacturing component and the additive deposition direction. The ultrasonic beam incident direction is perpendicular to the inspection surface. The zoning scheme for composite manufacturing components is specifically divided into an additive forming zone, an additive / forging transition zone, and a forging forming zone; The additive / forging transition zone is a region extending 3-5 mm from the additive / forging interface to both the additive forming zone and the forging forming zone. The area outside the additive / forging transition zone where additive manufacturing is used is the additive forming zone, and the area where forging is used is the forging forming zone. S3: Select the ultrasonic testing method, testing instrument, and probe; S4: Prepare contrast test blocks for ultrasonic testing separately for different testing zones. The specific preparation method is as follows: 1) For the additive manufacturing area, the test comparison block is made of the same material, forming process and forming direction as the part under test. A set of no less than 3 flat-bottomed holes with different burial depths are made as artificial reflectors. The burial depth range of the flat-bottomed holes includes at least the machining allowance of the component under test to the maximum test thickness. The diameter of the flat-bottomed holes is Φ0.8~2.0mm and the length of the flat-bottomed holes is 5~15mm. The flat-bottomed holes are made in the area of ​​the test block material where the ultrasonic bottom wave attenuation is the greatest. 2) For the additive / forging transition zone, the comparison test block should be made of the same material as the part under inspection, with the same structural characteristics and forming process. A flat-bottomed hole should be made as an artificial reflector. The flat-bottomed hole should be drilled from the additive side of the test block material and the bottom of the hole should be located in the transition zone. The depth of the flat-bottomed hole should be the same as the thickness of the forging side material of the part under inspection. The diameter of the flat-bottomed hole should be Φ0.8~2.0mm. 3) For the forging zone, the preparation of the comparative test block for testing shall be carried out in accordance with HB 20159; S5: Using the probes and comparison blocks corresponding to each detection zone, make the amplitude of the reflected signal from any flat-bottomed hole on the selected block reach 80% of the full scale of the fluorescent screen, and take the gain value of the lowest amplitude as the scanning sensitivity for scanning the area. S6: Determine the detection parameters such as scanning interval and scanning speed; using the selected probe and detection parameters, perform scanning according to the detection zone, and record and evaluate the scanning results; The additive-subtractive composite manufacturing component refers to an additive-subtractive composite manufacturing component obtained by additively manufacturing local fine structures on a forging manufacturing substrate using a composite manufacturing process.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the additive manufacturing process is laser / electron beam directional energy deposition or laser / electron beam selective melting; the materials used are titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, high-temperature alloy, and high-strength steel.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the acoustic beam incident direction in the additive forming zone is incident from the additive side along the deposition direction. If it cannot be detected from the deposition direction, other directions are selected and the sensitivity is increased by at least 12dB for detection. The acoustic beam in the additive / forging transition zone is incident from the forging side. The selection of the acoustic beam incident direction in the forging forming zone is in accordance with HB 20159.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the ultrasonic testing method selected is either water immersion or contact pulse reflection. Water immersion focused pulse reflection C-scan imaging is preferred. When water immersion testing is not possible due to structural limitations, contact testing is used.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the ultrasonic testing instrument includes a frequency band of 1 to 20 MHz; the immersion pulse reflection method uses a 5 to 10 MHz immersion focusing probe, and the contact pulse reflection method uses a flat probe with a frequency of 5 MHz or higher. The peak frequency of the selected probe should deviate from the nominal value within ±10% of the nominal value.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: If the comparative test block containing the additive / forging transition zone is not available in S4, a forging test block with the same material and the same embedment depth as the forging forming zone shall be used instead, and a transmission correction value shall be added to the gain value obtained by adjusting the forging test block. The measurement of the transmission correction value shall be performed in accordance with HB20159.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the artificial reflector with flat bottom hole on the comparison test block of the additive forming zone and additive / forging transition zone is flat and without chamfer, and the hole diameter deviation is no greater than ±0.01mm.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the additive / forging transition zone uses water immersion focusing pulse reflection C-scan imaging. The probe focal point is located in the transition zone by adjusting the water distance, and the gate width is not less than 10mm.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the scanning interval should not be greater than one-third of the effective beam width of the probe, and the scanning speed should not be greater than 100 mm / s.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The local fine structure refers to one or more of the following structures: frame, beam, stiffener, or tube.

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