An Internet of Things cross-domain payment method with privacy protection function

Abstract

A cross-domain payment method for the Internet of Things with privacy protection function includes initialization, storage, upload, verification, cross-chain interaction, settlement, and timeout steps. The method uses zero-knowledge proof technology to verify the validity of content without leaking any content. The group signature technology can hide the specific locations of group members, namely each site, hide the user's location information and protect the user's location privacy; anonymous blockchain technology hides the transfer relationship between real users and corresponding virtual users, effectively protecting the user's identity privacy; cross-chain channel technology realizes information transfer between sites on different blockchains, improves cross-chain interaction efficiency, and meets the cross-domain payment needs between different blockchains in different industries; smart contracts, zero-knowledge proof technology, and group signature technology realize distributed automatic verification of information at a relatively low on-chain cost while realizing privacy protection, improving verification efficiency and saving computing resources and costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a payment method, and in particular to an Internet of Things cross-domain payment method with a privacy protection function. Background Art

[0002] The Internet of Things is a network that connects and manages various physical devices, sensors, and other technical devices through the Internet [Babun L, Denney K, Celik ZB, McDaniel P, Uluagac AS. A survey on IoT platforms: Communication, security, and privacy perspectives. Computer Networks. 2021 Jun 19;192:108040]. In the Internet of Things, devices can communicate with each other and exchange data through the Internet, thereby achieving real-time monitoring, remote control, data analysis, and decision support [Cheng Guanjie, Deng Shuiguang, Wen Yingying, Yan Xueqiang, Zhao Mingyu. A review of IoT authentication mechanisms based on blockchain. Journal of Software. 2022 Dec 30;34(3):1470-90; Wei Xin, Wang Xinyan, Yu Zhuo, Guo Shaoyong, Qiu Xuesong. Cross-domain authentication of the Internet of Things based on alliance chain. Journal of Software. 2021 Apr 21;32(8):2613-28]. This capability enables the Internet of Things to have broad application prospects and economic benefits in improving quality of life, optimizing resource utilization, and improving production efficiency, especially in the widespread application of Internet of Things payment systems.

[0003] The current blockchain-based user location privacy protection solution still has the risk of privacy leakage in the IoT payment process for the following three reasons:

[0004] (I) The IoT has a variety of application scenarios, often involving cooperation between different industries, which means there is a large demand for cross-domain payments, and different industries may use different blockchains. In cross-chain scenarios, the risk of privacy leakage is extremely high, and we must consider not only the privacy within the chain, but also the privacy leakage between blockchains.

[0005] (ii) In IoT payment systems, the payment amount must be accurately calculated based on trusted location information (such as the entry and exit points of toll booths), which will inevitably leak the user's location information.

[0006] (3) Payment transactions are recorded on a transparent blockchain, and blockchain validators and others can access transaction details, resulting in privacy leakage. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the present invention discloses an Internet of Things cross-domain payment method with a privacy protection function, and its technical solution is as follows:

[0008] The IoT cross-domain payment method with privacy protection function is characterized by:

[0009] Step 1, Initialization: Vehicle First automatically obtain a fake identity ; Then use the initialization algorithm of group signature technology, member joining algorithm and zero-knowledge proof technology to initialize the vehicle and toll booths , The information includes the site's key pair, group public key, group private key, and public reference string, which will be used in steps 3 and 4. These two technologies provide privacy protection for the IoT cross-domain payment method; the group signature technology hides the specific identity of the group members, i.e., the toll station, thereby hiding the identity of the user's vehicle. location information; zero-knowledge proof technology proves the validity of content without exposing any content.

[0010] Step 2, Pre-deposit: Use anonymous blockchain technology Blockmaze system to hide the real account To virtual account The transfer relationship is established to protect the user's identity information; a certain amount of money is then pre-deposited into the smart contract and a transaction identifier is generated to ensure that the user has enough money for payment when settling in step 6. The transaction identifier generated in this step will be used in step 3.

[0011] Step 3, Upload: The group signature generation algorithm of the group signature technology and the proof algorithm of the zero-knowledge proof technology are used. Arrival at the entry / exit point ( / ), generates hash values, group signatures, encrypted random numbers, and further generates proofs, and packages these contents into transactions and uploads them to the corresponding blockchain. This ensures the correctness of information without exposing private data. (First, the vehicle Passing the entrance site Execute step 3 once

[0012] Step 4, Verify (Validate): The blockchain’s smart contract automatically executes, combining the verification algorithm of zero-knowledge proof technology and the group signature verification algorithm of group signature technology to verify the legitimacy of the group signature and proof in the transaction uploaded in step 3, and returns the result. This step realizes the distributed automatic verification of information with a relatively small on-chain cost. (First, the vehicle Pass the entrance site Execute step 4 once

[0013] Step 5, Cross-Chain Interaction: Entry Site Located on the blockchain On, the exit site Located on the blockchain In fact, different blockchain information is not interoperable; using cross-chain channel technology, vehicles Upload to blockchain of verified information transferred to the blockchain So the information is on the blockchain It is also legal, which provides a prerequisite for the settlement of step 6. The cross-chain channel technology provides the x-Pay method with the function of transferring information across blockchains, making the vehicle When passing through sites located on different blockchains, fees can also be paid successfully, realizing cross-domain payment function.

[0014] Before proceeding to step 6, you need to repeat steps 3 and 4. Figure 1 Step 3' shown in FIG. Passing the exit point The information generated is uploaded to the blockchain , step 4' verifies the legitimacy of this information.

[0015] Step 6, Settlement: If the second verification of step 4 is successful, the smart contract will automatically settle the bill, transfer the actual fee to the toll station, and return the remaining amount to the ; Then use the anonymous blockchain technology Blockmaze system to hide the virtual user To real users If step 4 is not verified successfully, the smart contract will automatically transfer the prepaid amount to the toll station as a fine.

[0016] Step 7, Timeout: When Step 2 is completed, the smart contract will start counting. If the time is exceeded, If the second upload in step 3 is not completed, the smart contract will automatically transfer the prepaid amount to the toll station as a fine. This process prevents the amount from being deadlocked on the blockchain and effectively prevents malicious behavior of vehicles.

[0017] Beneficial Effects

[0018] (1) Zero-knowledge proof technology can verify the validity of content without leaking any content, and group signature technology can hide the specific locations of group members, that is, each site, thereby hiding the user's location information. These two technologies effectively protect the user's location privacy.

[0019] (2) Anonymous blockchain technology can hide the transfer relationship between real users and corresponding virtual users, effectively protecting user identity privacy.

[0020] (3) Cross-chain channel technology realizes the information transfer between sites on different blockchains, improves the efficiency of cross-chain interaction, and meets the cross-domain payment needs between different blockchains in different industries.

[0021] (4) Smart contracts, zero-knowledge proof technology, and group signature technology enable distributed automated verification of information at a relatively low on-chain cost while protecting privacy, effectively improving verification efficiency and saving computing resources and costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the Internet of Things cross-domain payment method with privacy protection function of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a logic diagram of the circuit in the zk-SNARK of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Below we elaborate on the specific process of the IoT cross-domain payment method with privacy protection function:

[0025] Initialize: The user account sends on-chain transactions as a blockchain node, and all charging sites form a group to generate a group signature. This step requires the initialization in the group signature technology, member joining, and initialization in the zero-knowledge proof technology.

[0026] Group signature technology is a cryptographic tool that allows members of a group to sign messages without revealing their individual identities. The entire process of group signature technology can be expressed as a polynomial time algorithm. :Initialization, member joining, group signature generation, group signature verification, group member disclosure.

[0027] Zero-knowledge proof (zk-SNARKs protocol) allows the prover to prove to the verifier that a statement or calculation result is correct without revealing any additional information other than the statement itself. The working principle of zk-SNARK is based on some complex mathematical constructions, including homomorphic encryption, symmetric encryption, and elliptic curve encryption. Its core technology involves constructing a special mathematical structure, called a circuit, to represent the logical relationship of the calculation or statement to be proved. The prover first describes the calculation process through a mathematical model called a circuit, and then generates a proof through this circuit, which contains the correctness of the calculation result without revealing the specific private input data. The verifier uses this proof and the related public parameters to quickly verify the correctness of the calculation process without re-executing the calculation. The whole process can be expressed as a polynomial time algorithm : Initialize, prove, verify.

[0028] correspond Figure 1 In step 1. Initialize, based on the above two technologies, the vehicle Register on x-Pay. During the registration process, the platform will give Assigning a pseudonym , and returns Key pair ,make In blockchain There are two accounts on the and Kana Then, each site Group signature technology The initialization algorithm and member joining algorithm in obtain their own key pair . Initialization of group signature technology: The meaning of this formula is that the safety parameter As input, generate the group public key and group private key . Members of group signature technology join: .The meaning of this formula is that the new member (Including entrance site and export sites ) Join the group When and the identity of new members As input, generate a new member's unique private key Afterwards, the vehicle Using zero-knowledge proof technology The initialization algorithm in the group Get the public reference string , used to generate / verify proofs of the system, and finally made public and . Initialization of zero-knowledge proof technology: The meaning of this formula is that the safety parameter and circuit As input, the output is a key pair ,in is the proving key used to generate the zero-knowledge proof, Is the verification key used to verify the zero-knowledge proof. Key pair Constitutes a public reference string . Initialize the generated group public key and group private key Provides the prerequisite for generating the group signature for step 3 "Upload"; initializes the generated public reference string Proof of generation is provided for step 3 "Upload" and in step 4 "Verification", a public reference string is also required and group public key .

[0029] Pre-deposit: Pre-deposit is to deposit a certain amount of money Locked into the smart contract, and then used to pay for the vehicle during settlement in step 6 From the entrance site To the exit site The fee must be greater than the given maximum amount , ensuring that there is enough money in the user's account for payment. Figure 1 In step 2. Pre-deposit, first the vehicle The prepaid amount Transfer to their pseudonymous account The process uses the anonymous blockchain technology Blockmaze system to hide arrive The transfer relationship is established to protect the user's identity privacy. Locked to smart contract .

[0030] Blockmaze is an anonymous blockchain technology that uses zero-knowledge proofs, ring signatures and other technical means to hide the identities of participants and transaction details, thereby protecting their privacy while ensuring the security and credibility of transactions. Blockmaze adds zero-knowledge balance ( ), and each user account has a pair of keys ( ) is used to send transactions. The Blockmaze solution consists of four polynomial-time algorithms: minting, sending, depositing, and redemption. The following is a detailed description of the process of hiding the transfer relationship.

[0031] In this process, first, implement The casting algorithm generates a The transaction will be the amount of the advance payment Convert to virtual account Commitment , while updating the real account Zero-knowledge balance of . Secondly, run The sending algorithm generates a record as transactions, and will Commitment Send to blockchain Then, the pseudonym Select multiple zero-knowledge assets and send them to yourself , in blockchain Build a Merkle tree on it to generate a Merkle proof based on zero-knowledge proof to prove the corresponding exists in the tree. implement The deposit algorithm generates transaction, including the Merkle proof and transferring the corresponding assets to Zero-knowledge balance of In this way, judging a The cost of whether it is on the tree is very low, which effectively reduces the additional resource consumption caused by privacy protection. run The exchange algorithm generates transactions ,renew Zero-knowledge balance of and will Converted to plain text balance. Finally, Sending transactions Deposit amount Transfer to smart contract In addition, the process will The transaction address is set as the identifier of the pre-stored transaction, recorded as , which will be identified later To reference the name transactions to ensure that subsequent operations are based on the pre-stored transactions.

[0032] Upload: The group signature generation algorithm based on group signature technology and the proof algorithm based on zero-knowledge proof technology will The relevant payment information of the vehicle is packaged and uploaded to the blockchain. According to the zero-knowledge proof technology zk-SNARK protocol, the vehicle Need to be based on the circuit Generate circuits such as Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the entire circuit includes Compute and Hash functions. The input in the gray background is the private input protected by the zk-SNARK protocol. Figure 1 As shown, both step 3 and step 3' in the figure use the upload module, which will be described in detail below.

[0033] Step 3: When the vehicle Arrive at the entrance When, first Will use Figure 2 The Hash function in calculates the hash value. , and As input to the hash function, the output is the hash value ;in yes A random number to enhance the randomness of the hash result, yes location information, It is the pre-stored transaction ID generated in step 2.

[0034] Second, the entry site Run the group signature generation algorithm of the group signature technology to generate a hash value Group signature , the input of this process is the group public key 、Group private key , hash value , the output is the group signature . Then the group signature , hash value and Send to ,in yes The encrypted result can be achieved using an algorithm based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC).

[0035] Then, Use the proof algorithm of zero-knowledge proof technology to generate a proof , whose input is a public reference string , Entry site location information , random numbers , Pre-stored transaction ID .

[0036] at last, Will , and Package into a new transaction , and sent to the blockchain superior.

[0037] Step 3': When Arrival at the exit point Likewise, Will use Figure 2 The Hash function in generates a hash value Then, the exit site Run the group signature generation algorithm of the group signature technology to generate a hash value Group signature . Then the group signature , hash value and Send to .at last, Use the proof algorithm of zero-knowledge proof technology to generate a proof , whose input is a public reference string , Exit Station , random numbers , Pre-stored transaction ID .

[0038] at the same time, Will use Figure 2 The Compute part generates the amount payable The input of this process is the location information of the entry and exit sites. and , the output is the amount payable .

[0039] at last, Will , , and Package into a new transaction , and sent to the blockchain superior.

[0040] Validate: When After successful sending, miners execute the smart contract Verification is required. The verification algorithm of zero-knowledge proof technology and the group signature verification algorithm of group signature technology are needed. Figure 1 As shown, both step 4 and step 4' in the figure use a verification module, which will be described in detail below.

[0041] Step 4: When Successfully sent to blockchain After that, first run the verification algorithm of zero-knowledge proof technology: , the meaning of this formula is, using common input and the public reference string Verification Proof If If valid, it returns 1; otherwise, it returns 0. Then, the group signature verification algorithm of the group signature technology is run: , the meaning of this formula is, using the group public key ,information and group signature As input, if it is proved and group signature If both are valid, output 1, otherwise output 0. and The initialization process in step 1 is exposed, and other parameters are supply.

[0042] Step 4': When Successfully sent to blockchain After that, similarly, the verification algorithm of zero-knowledge proof technology is run to verify the proof Then, the group signature verification algorithm of the group signature technology is run to verify the group signature effectiveness.

[0043] Cross-Chain Interaction: It uses cross-chain channel technology. Cross-chain channel is a cross-chain solution that improves the interoperability and scalability between blockchains, enabling the transfer and exchange of assets or data between different blockchain networks without going through a centralized exchange or intermediary chain. The execution process of the cross-chain channel can be divided into three steps: opening, interaction, and settlement. In the opening process, the parties must first negotiate and agree to open an off-chain channel in each chain. The first step for each chain to open a channel is to lock a certain amount of assets in a smart contract. In the interaction process, in each blockchain, the two parties interact based on the cross-chain receipt, which is used to mark the amount of the cross-chain interaction. The settlement process is that after the interaction is completed, the two parties jointly decide that one of them uploads the final state, thereby closing the channel, and then the two parties jointly execute the cross-chain protocol to achieve the final settlement.

[0044] In the cross-chain scenario, the entry site Located on the blockchain On the exit site Located on the blockchain On, so In blockchain When validating (Validate) on the blockchain, Will not be recognized ,lead to In the verification phase, it is identified as malicious behavior, causing losses to users. In order to solve this problem, Based on the cross-chain channel The relevant information is transferred to the blockchain On, due to In blockchain It has been verified on the blockchain, so The nodes on authenticity. You can collect multiple Then they are transferred together using cross-chain channels to improve efficiency and reduce on-chain resource consumption.

[0045] Settlement: Figure 1 As shown, if step 4' is verified successfully, the smart contract Amount to be paid Transfer to toll booth and the remaining amount Return to the vehicle's virtual account .otherwise, If judged as a violation, the advance payment amount Will be transferred to the toll booth as a penalty After that, the balance will be Transfer to , while using anonymous blockchain technology The system hides transfer relationships.

[0046] first, implement The casting algorithm in The plain text balance is the remaining amount Convert to zero-knowledge balance , and the zero-knowledge balance Convert to real account Commitment Secondly, run The sending algorithm generates a record as transactions, and will Commitment Send to blockchain Then, the real account Select multiple zero-knowledge assets and send them to yourself , in blockchain Build a Merkle tree on it and execute The deposit algorithm generates Transactions to prove their exists on this tree. Finally, run The exchange algorithm generates transactions ,renew Zero-knowledge balance of and will Convert to plain text balance. This process hides the virtual user To real users The transfer relationship is protected, protecting the user's identity privacy.

[0047] Timeout: Set a threshold ,when After completing step 2, pre-deposit, the smart contract Timer Start timing when Exceed and If the upload step 3' is not completed, Figure 1 As shown in step 7, the smart contract All prepaid amounts will be transferred to the toll booth As a penalty. On the one hand, this timeout mechanism makes it unnecessary for the vehicle to pay the amount immediately when leaving, reducing the possibility of congestion during peak hours. On the other hand, it effectively prevents the malicious behavior of vehicles not uploading information to avoid payment.

[0048] In the cross-chain payment scenario of the Internet of Things, the present invention proposes an Internet of Things cross-domain payment method with privacy protection function, the x-Pay method. This solution is a location privacy protection solution based on blockchain and an LBS (location-based service) cross-domain payment method, which is designed for user location services in the Internet of Things. Cross-chain channel technology is used to achieve cross-domain payment, group signature technology and zero-knowledge proof technology are used to achieve user location privacy protection, and anonymous blockchain technology is used to achieve user identity privacy protection. In addition, x-Pay has good versatility and can be applied to a variety of real payment scenarios such as highway tolls and parking fees in the Internet of Things.

[0049] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions only describe the principles of the present invention. The present invention may be subject to various changes and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. These changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An IoT cross-domain payment method with privacy protection function, characterized by: Step 1, Initialization: Vehicle First automatically obtain a fake identity ; Then, the initialization algorithm of the group signature technology, the member joining algorithm and the initialization algorithm of the zero-knowledge proof technology are used. Among them, the group signature technology hides the specific identity of the group members, that is, the toll station, thereby hiding the identity of the user's vehicle The location information of the data; zero-knowledge proof technology proves the validity of the content without exposing any content; Step 2, Pre-storage: Use anonymous blockchain technology Blockmaze system to hide the real account To virtual account The transfer relationship is established to protect the user's identity information; a certain amount of money is then pre-stored in the smart contract and a transaction identifier is generated to ensure that the user has enough money for payment when settling in step 6. The transaction identifier generated in this step will be used in step 3; Step 3, upload: The group signature generation algorithm of the group signature technology and the proof algorithm of the zero-knowledge proof technology are used. Arrival entrance or export station When a group is signed, a hash value, a group signature, an encrypted random number, and a proof are generated. These contents are packaged into a transaction and uploaded to the corresponding blockchain, thus ensuring the correctness of the information without exposing private data. Step 4, Verification: The smart contract of the blockchain automatically executes the verification algorithm of the zero-knowledge proof technology and the group signature verification algorithm of the group signature technology to verify the legitimacy of the group signature and proof in the transaction uploaded in step 3, and return the result; this step realizes the distributed automatic verification of information with a relatively small on-chain cost; Step 5, cross-chain interaction: entry site Located on the blockchain On, the exit site Located on the blockchain In fact, different blockchain information is not interoperable; using cross-chain channel technology, vehicles Upload to blockchain of verified information transferred to the blockchain The information is also legal on the blockchain β, which provides a prerequisite for the settlement of step 6; the cross-chain channel technology provides the function of transferring information across blockchains, making the vehicle When passing through sites on different blockchains, payment can be successfully made, thus realizing cross-domain payment function; Before proceeding to step 6, you need to repeat steps 3 and 4. The second step 3 is to complete the vehicle Passing the exit point The information generated is uploaded to the blockchain ; The second step 4 verifies the legitimacy of this information; Step 6, Settlement: If the second step 4 verification is successful, the smart contract will automatically settle the bill, transfer the actual fee to the toll station, and return the remaining amount to ; Then use the anonymous blockchain technology Blockmaze system to hide the virtual user To real users If step 4 is not successfully verified, the smart contract will automatically transfer the prepaid amount to the toll station as a fine. Step 7, Timeout: When Step 2 is completed, the smart contract will start counting. If the time is exceeded within the specified time, If the second upload in step 3 is not completed, the smart contract will automatically transfer the prepaid amount to the toll station as a fine; this process prevents the amount from being deadlocked on the blockchain and effectively prevents malicious behavior by vehicles.

2. The Internet of Things cross-domain payment method with privacy protection function according to claim 1 is characterized by: The step 1 includes the following: initializing the vehicle and toll booths , The information includes the site's key pair, group public key, group private key, and public reference string, which will be used in steps 3 and 4.

3. The Internet of Things cross-domain payment method with privacy protection function according to claim 1 is characterized by: The step 2 includes the following contents: In the pre-storage step, firstly, the vehicle The prepaid amount Transfer to their pseudonymous account The process uses the anonymous blockchain technology Blockmaze system to hide arrive The transfer relationship is established to protect the user's identity privacy. After that, the prepaid amount Locked to smart contract .

4. The Internet of Things cross-domain payment method with privacy protection function according to claim 3 is characterized by: Hide from real account To virtual account The process of transfer relationship: first, implement The casting algorithm generates a The transaction will be the amount of the advance payment Convert to virtual account Commitment , while updating the real account Zero-knowledge balance of ; Secondly, run The sending algorithm generates a record as transactions, and will Commitment Send to blockchain superior; Then, the pseudonym Select multiple zero-knowledge assets and send them to yourself , in blockchain Build a Merkle tree on it to generate a Merkle proof based on zero-knowledge proof to prove the corresponding exists in this tree; Afterwards implement The deposit algorithm generates transaction, including the Merkle proof and transferring the corresponding assets to Zero-knowledge balance of middle.

5. The Internet of Things cross-domain payment method with privacy protection function according to claim 2 is characterized by: The step 3 includes the following contents: Arrive at the entrance When, first The hash value will be calculated using the Hash function. , and As input to the hash function, the output is the hash value ;in yes A random number to enhance the randomness of the hash result, yes location information, is the pre-stored transaction ID generated in step 2; Second, the entry site Run the group signature generation algorithm of the group signature technology to generate a hash value Group signature , the input of this process is the group public key 、Group private key , hash value , the output is the group signature ; Afterwards, the group signature , hash value and Send to ,in yes The encrypted result is realized using an algorithm based on elliptic curve encryption (ECC). Then, Use the proof algorithm of zero-knowledge proof technology to generate a proof , whose input is a public reference string , Entry site location information , random numbers , Pre-stored transaction ID ; at last, Will , and Package into a new transaction , and sent to the blockchain superior; when Arrival at the exit point When, similarly, The hash value will be generated using the Hash function ; Then, the exit site Run the group signature generation algorithm of the group signature technology to generate a hash value Group signature ; Then sign the group , hash value and Send to ;at last, Use the proof algorithm of zero-knowledge proof technology to generate a proof , whose input is a public reference string , Exit Station , random numbers , Pre-stored transaction ID ;at the same time, The amount payable will be generated using the Compute section The input of this process is the location information of the entry and exit sites. and , the output is the amount payable ;at last, Will , , and Package into a new transaction , and sent to the blockchain superior.

6. The Internet of Things cross-domain payment method with privacy protection function according to claim 5 is characterized by: The step 4 includes the following contents: Successfully sent to blockchain After that, first run the verification algorithm of zero-knowledge proof technology: , which means that the public input and the public reference string Verification Proof effectiveness; if If valid, it returns 1; otherwise, it returns 0; Then, run the group signature verification algorithm of the group signature technology: , the meaning of this formula is, using the group public key ,information and group signature As input, if it is proved and group signature If both are valid, output 1, otherwise output 0; and The initialization process is disclosed by step 1; when Successfully sent to blockchain After that, similarly, the verification algorithm of zero-knowledge proof technology is run to verify the proof effectiveness; Then, run the group signature verification algorithm of the group signature technology to verify the group signature effectiveness.

7. The Internet of Things cross-domain payment method with privacy protection function according to claim 2 is characterized by: Step 5 includes the following: In the cross-chain scenario, the entry site Located on the blockchain On the exit site Located on the blockchain On, so In blockchain When verifying on the blockchain Will not be recognized ,lead to In the verification phase, it is identified as malicious behavior, causing losses to users. To solve this problem, Based on the cross-chain channel The relevant information is transferred to the blockchain On, due to In blockchain It has been verified on the blockchain, so The nodes on authenticity; You can collect multiple Then they are transferred together using cross-chain channels to improve efficiency and reduce on-chain resource consumption.

8. The Internet of Things cross-domain payment method with privacy protection function according to claim 1 is characterized by: The step 6 includes the following contents: first, implement The casting algorithm in The plain text balance is the remaining amount Convert to zero-knowledge balance , and the zero-knowledge balance Convert to real account Commitment ; Secondly, run The sending algorithm generates a record as transactions, and will Commitment Send to blockchain Then, the real account Select multiple zero-knowledge assets and send them to yourself , in blockchain Build a Merkle tree on it and execute The deposit algorithm generates Transactions to prove exists on this tree; finally, run The exchange algorithm generates transactions ,renew Zero-knowledge balance of and will Convert to plaintext balance.

9. A non-volatile storage medium, characterized in that: The non-volatile storage medium includes a stored program, wherein when the program is executed, the device where the non-volatile storage medium is located is controlled to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: It comprises a processor and a memory; the memory stores computer-readable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer-readable instructions, wherein the computer-readable instructions execute the method described in any one of claims 1 to 8 when executed.

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