A method for quantitatively reconstructing inter-species relationships of a biological community

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of ecological environment protection, and particularly relates to a quantitative reconstruction method of interspecific relationship of biological community, comprising the following steps: S1, lake biological-environment database arrangement; collecting and arranging the lake biological-environment database of the region, establishing the regional biological database of all specific biological groups appearing in the surface sample of the lake, and standardizing the data of the water environment physicochemical indexes corresponding to each lake after summarizing to form the regional environment database; S2, collection of lake drilling data; using a Kajak gravity sampler to extract the sediment drilling at the central position of the lake and to divide the sample, the sample is placed in a self-sealing bag, transported in cold storage, and stored in a room at -20 DEG C for physicochemical index analysis and biological species identification. The niche breadth and overlap of the internal species of the biological community are calculated, the coexistence relationship between the species in the lake is quantified, and a dynamic evaluation tool of the interspecific relationship is provided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of ecological environment protection, and particularly relates to a method for quantitatively reconstructing interspecific relationship of biological community. BACKGROUND

[0002] Lakes provide 40% of the global ecosystem service value with less than 1% of the global land area, and are an important guarantee for the survival of many organisms and humans. Affected by climate change and human activities, many lakes have experienced a sharp decrease in number, shrinkage in area, and deterioration in water quality, resulting in a decrease in the lake's pollution and storage capacity and a continuous decline in lake function. In recent years, despite the large amount of manpower and financial resources invested in restoration and management, the problems still exist. Lake managers have gradually realized that the development of reasonable countermeasures for lake ecological environment protection needs to be based on the investigation and evaluation of the lake's ecological safety, especially the evaluation results of ecological safety directly determine the health level of the lake and the aspects that need to be focused on subsequently.

[0003] A comprehensive ecological safety evaluation should include the environment, organisms, and interspecific relationship of organisms. The current shortcomings of lake health evaluation methods in China are that the focus is on the physical and chemical environment of the lake, such as the physical structure of the lake, water quality, and hydrology and water resources. In terms of biology, only the diversity index of various organisms is considered, and the evaluation of interspecific relationship is not taken into account. Studies have shown that, compared with the biodiversity index, the evaluation of interspecific relationship can more accurately determine the state of the ecological system, and a good interspecific relationship structure helps the ecological system to have higher resistance and maintain higher ecological system function when facing external interference.

[0004] The concept of niche was first proposed by Johnson in 1910 to measure interspecific relationship, and was defined as the place occupied by a species for survival and reproduction. The strength of interspecific relationship can be measured by the degree of niche overlap between different species, i.e. niche overlap. Previous studies have found that human activities have significantly enhanced competition among animal populations, manifested as an increase in niche overlap, and more studies have pointed out that changes in niche overlap of species under environmental pressure can reflect changes in interspecific relationship of biological communities. Continuous observation of lakes in China has been carried out mainly after environmental problems have occurred, and mainly focuses on a few large lakes such as Taihu, Chaohu and Poyang Lake. Paleolimnology can interpret the history of ecological environmental evolution of lakes through historical archives (i.e. physicochemical and biological indicators in sediments) preserved in lake sediments, and reveal the causes and rules of lake state changes. Many biological remains in sediments provide reliable materials for related research. Among these indicators, chironomid larvae, cladocerans and diatoms have well-preserved chitinous or siliceous shells in many lake sediments, and are the most widely used paleoecological indicators, and have been used to reconstruct past lake water nutrients, salinity, water depth and temperature, etc. However, due to the lack of reconstruction methods for interspecific relationship of biological communities, the reconstruction of dynamic changes of lake ecosystems cannot be carried out.

[0005] Therefore, a quantitative reconstruction method for interspecific relationship of biological communities is proposed to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0006] (I) Technical problems solved

[0007] In view of the problems in the above background art, the present application provides a quantitative reconstruction method for interspecific relationship of biological communities.

[0008] (II) Technical solutions

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical solutions: a quantitative reconstruction method for interspecific relationship of biological communities, comprising the steps of:

[0010] S1, lake biological-environmental database arrangement;

[0011] Collect and arrange the lake biological-environmental database in the region, establish a regional biological database of all biological groups involved in this study appearing in the lake surface sample, and standardize the data of water environmental physicochemical indicators corresponding to each lake to form a regional environmental database;

[0012] S2, collection of lake drilling data;

[0013] Use Kajak gravity sampler to extract sediment drilling at the center of the lake respectively and divide the sample, and store the sample in a self-sealing bag, transport in cold storage, and store in-20℃ in the laboratory for physicochemical index analysis and biological species identification;

[0014] S3. Laboratory analysis (including dating and physicochemical indicators);

[0015] Measurement 210 Pb and 137 To obtain accurate sample dating using Cs radionuclides, we plan to select multiple physicochemical indicators such as particle size, organic carbon / nitrogen ratio, total phosphorus, magnetic susceptibility, and elements, and conduct laboratory determinations according to standard methods.

[0016] S4. Extraction and identification of biological remains (taking chironomid subfossils as an example).

[0017] Treatment of centipede headshells from sediments was performed according to standard experimental methods (Brooks et al., 2006);

[0018] S5. Development and evaluation of techniques for assessing interspecific relationships in biological communities;

[0019] In this study, the calculation of species niches will be based entirely on the relative abundance data of species. Based on the surface organism database of the lake area, the niche width of each species and the niche overlap between each pair of species will be calculated separately.

[0020] S6. Quantification of ecological niche breadth of biological communities over time series;

[0021] Based on the calculation results of species niche width in the regional surface biological database, and using the idea of ​​"analyzing the past with the present", the niche width value of each species is retrieved from the niche width data of each species on the surface according to the species appearing in the sedimentary borehole samples. The combination of species and the niche width of species together determine the size of the community niche width.

[0022] S7. Quantification of interspecific relationships in biological communities over time series;

[0023] Based on the calculation results of interspecific niche overlap in the regional surface biological database, and using the idea of ​​"interpreting the past by looking at the present", the interspecific niche overlap values ​​of the corresponding species are retrieved from the interspecific niche overlap results of the biological database according to the species appearing in the sedimentary borehole samples. The species composition, relative abundance and interspecific niche overlap together determine the size of community niche overlap.

[0024] Preferably, step S4 further includes the step:

[0025] S41. Add 10% KOH to the sample and heat it in a 75 ℃ water bath for 10-15 minutes.

[0026] S42. Pass the sample through 212 μm and 90 μm sieves respectively. After rinsing, transfer the sample to a beaker, rinse it again with distilled water, and store it in a glass bottle.

[0027] S43, detect the chironomid head capsule under 25x body scope, use Hyderomatrix® mounting medium, the number of chironomid head capsule detected in all samples should not be less than 50 capsules;

[0028] S44, identify the genus and species of the chironomid head capsule under 100 - 400x biological microscope.

[0029] Preferably, in the S5 step:

[0030] Where the calculation of the niche breadth is based on the Levins formula (1968):

[0031] ;

[0032] The niche breadth of species j is the relative abundance of species j in lake i;

[0033] The calculation of the niche overlap of each pair of species is based on the Pianka formula (1974):

[0034] ;

[0035] Where, and represent the relative abundance of species j and k in lake i, respectively, The value of the niche overlap ranges from 0 weak overlap to 1 complete overlap.

[0036] Preferably, in the S6 step:

[0037] The community-level niche breadth of community i is quantified using

[0038]

[0039] Where, is the community-level niche breadth of lake i; is the niche breadth of species j; m is the number of genera and species in lake i.

[0040] 5. The method for quantitatively reconstructing the interspecific relationship of a biological community according to claim 1, wherein in the S7 step:

[0041] The community-level niche overlap of community i is quantified using

[0042]

[0043] Where, ​​=2 / .

[0044] (Three) beneficial effects

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the present application provides a quantitative reconstruction method of interspecific relationship of biological community, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0046] 1. The quantitative reconstruction method of interspecific relationship of biological community quantifies the coexistence relationship between species in the lake by calculating the niche breadth and overlap of the species in the biological community, and provides a dynamic evaluation tool for interspecific relationship.

[0047] 2. The quantitative reconstruction method of interspecific relationship of biological community integrates various indicators such as biology, physics and chemistry, and constructs a comprehensive evaluation model of lake ecosystem health. Compared with single physical or chemical indicators, the present application can more accurately find potential problems of the ecosystem through analysis of the dynamic changes of the biological community structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0048] The drawings described herein are used to provide further understanding of the present application, and constitute a part of the present application. The schematic embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application, and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0049] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the quantitative reconstruction method of interspecific relationship of biological community based on the present application;

[0050] Figure 2 is a genus-species distribution heat map of the chironomid community of the regional lake of the present application;

[0051] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the genus-species composition of the chironomid community of the sediment drill hole of the regional lake of the present application, (a) Yangzonghai and (b) Chenghai (c) Lugu Lake and (d) Tiansheng Lake;

[0052] Figure 4 is a CCA diagram based on the chironomid community and environmental data of the regional lake of the present application, (a) all lake sample points; (b) lake sample points below 3,000 ma.s.l.; (c) lake sample points above 3,000 ma.s.l.;

[0053] Figure 5 is a CCA diagram based on the chironomid community and environmental data of the drill hole of the regional lake of the present application, (a) Yangzonghai and (b) Chenghai (c) Lugu Lake and (d) Tiansheng Lake;

[0054] Figure 6 is a niche breadth schematic diagram of some chironomid genera of the present application;

[0055] Figure 7Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the distribution pattern of the niche breadth of the regional lake chironomid community along the gradient of altitude (a) and population density (b) and the distribution pattern of the niche overlap along the gradient of altitude (c) and population density (d) according to the present application;

[0056] Figure 8 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the distribution pattern of the niche breadth of the regional lake chironomid community along the gradient of altitude (a) and population density (b) and the distribution pattern of the niche overlap along the gradient of altitude (c) and population density (d) according to the present application;

[0057] Figure 9 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the reconstruction of the niche overlap of the regional lake chironomid community according to the present application, wherein (a) is Chenghai Lake, (b) is Yangzonghai Lake, (c) is Lugu Lake and (d) is Tiantian Lake. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0059] The specific embodiments are given below.

[0060] Please refer to Figures 1-5 The present application provides a quantitative reconstruction method for interspecific relationship of biological community, taking chironomid community as an example, which comprises the following steps:

[0061] S1, database arrangement of lake biological-environmental community;

[0062] The database of regional lake biological-environmental community is collected, and the biological groups involved in the present study are established in the regional biological database. The water environmental physicochemical index data of each lake are summarized and standardized to form a regional environmental database.

[0063] S2, collection of lake drilling data;

[0064] Kajak gravity sampler is used to extract sediment drilling at the center of the lake and to divide the samples. The samples are placed in self-sealing bags, transported in cold storage, and stored at -20℃ in the laboratory for physicochemical index analysis and biological species identification.

[0065] S3, laboratory analysis (including dating and physicochemical index);

[0066] The determination 210 Pb and 137Cs radionuclide to obtain accurate sample age, the proposed selection of particle size, organic carbon / nitrogen, total phosphorus, magnetic susceptibility, elements and other physical and chemical indicators, according to standard methods for laboratory determination;

[0067] S4, extraction and identification of biological residues (taking chironomid fossils as an example);

[0068] The treatment of chironomid head capsules in sediments is carried out according to standard experimental methods (Brooks et al., 2006);

[0069] The step S4 further comprises the steps of:

[0070] S41, add 10% KOH to the sample and heat in a 75 °C water bath for 10-15 minutes;

[0071] S42, pass the sample through a 212 μm and 90 μm sieve, respectively, and after rinsing, transfer the sample to a beaker and rinse again with distilled water into a glass bottle for storage;

[0072] S43, detect chironomid head capsules using a 25x body microscope, use Hyderomatrix® mounting medium, and the number of chironomid head capsules detected in all samples should not be less than 50 capsules;

[0073] S44, identify the genus and species of chironomid head capsules under a 100-400x biological microscope.

[0074] Through the above scheme: the construction of the regional surface environment-biological database and the acquisition of biological-environmental data of sediment drill holes, the lake where the sediment drill hole is located needs to be included in the lake sample points included in the regional surface environment-biological database; RDA or CCA analysis is used to analyze the environmental driving factors of the regional surface and sediment drill hole biological communities.

[0075] Further as shown in Figure 1 、 Figures 6-9 ;

[0076] In the step S5:

[0077] Wherein the calculation of the niche breadth is based on the Levins formula (1968):

[0078] ;

[0079] The niche breadth of species j is The relative abundance of species j in lake i;

[0080] The calculation of the niche overlap of each pair of species is based on the Pianka formula (1974):

[0081] ;

[0082] In the formula, and represent the relative abundance of species j and k in lake i respectively, The value range of is 0 weak overlap to 1 complete overlap.

[0083] In the S6 step:

[0084] Using Quantify the community-level niche breadth of community i:

[0085]

[0086] In the formula, is the community-level niche breadth of lake i; is the niche breadth of species j; m is the number of species in lake i.

[0087] In the S7 step:

[0088] Using Quantify the community-level niche overlap of community i:

[0089]

[0090] In the formula, =2 / .

[0091] Through the above scheme: the species niche breadth and interspecific niche overlap of the regional surface biological database are quantified by using Levins formula and Pianka formula respectively; the species niche breadth and interspecific niche overlap results obtained based on the surface database are used to calculate the community niche breadth and niche overlap of the sediment drill hole biological community by using and calculation methods, and the stability and vulnerability of the community under environmental pressure are revealed in combination with the main driving force.

[0092] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited by the above examples, and the above examples and descriptions in the specification are only to illustrate the principles of the present application. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, various changes and improvements can be made to the present application, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed present application.

Claims

1. A method for quantitatively reconstructing inter-species relationships of a biological community, characterized by, Comprising steps of: S1, lake biological-environmental database arrangement; Collect and arrange regional lake biological-environmental database, establish regional biological database for all biological groups involved in this study appearing in lake surface sample, and standardize the data of water environmental physicochemical indexes corresponding to each lake to form regional environmental database; S2, collection of lake drilling data; Use Kajak gravity sampler to extract sediment drilling at the center of the lake and divide the sample, which is placed in a self-sealing bag, transported in cold storage, and stored at -20°C in the laboratory for physicochemical index analysis and biological species identification; S3, laboratory analysis, including dating and physicochemical index; Determination 210 Pb and 137 Cs radionuclides to obtain accurate sample age, particle size, organic carbon / nitrogen, total phosphorus, magnetic susceptibility, a variety of physicochemical indicators of elements, according to standard methods for laboratory determination; S4, extraction and identification of biological residues, taking chironomid subfossil as an example; The processing of chironomid head capsule in sediment is carried out according to standard experimental method; S5, development and evaluation of biological community interspecific relationship evaluation technology; The calculation of species niche in this study will be based on the relative abundance data of all species, and the niche breadth of each species and the niche overlap between each pair of species will be calculated based on the lake regional surface biological database; S6, quantitative analysis of biological community niche breadth in time series; Based on the calculation results of species niche breadth in the regional surface biological database, the idea of using the present to infer the past is used to retrieve the niche breadth value of the corresponding species from the niche breadth data of each species based on the species appearing in the sediment drilling sample, and the combination of species and the niche breadth of species determine the size of the community niche breadth; S7, quantitative analysis of biological community interspecific relationship in time series; Based on the calculation results of interspecific niche overlap in the regional surface biological database, the idea of using the present to infer the past is used to retrieve the interspecific niche overlap value of the corresponding species from the interspecific niche overlap results in the biological database, and the composition, relative abundance and interspecific niche overlap of species determine the size of the community niche overlap.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The S4 step further comprises steps of: S41, add 10% KOH to the sample and heat it in a 75°C water bath for 10-15 minutes; S42, pass the sample through 212 μm and 90 μm sieves respectively, and after washing, transfer the sample to a beaker and wash it again with distilled water and store it in a glass bottle; S43, use a 25x body microscope to detect chironomid head capsules, use Hyderomatrix® mounting medium, and the number of chironomid head capsules detected in all samples should not be less than 50 capsules; S44, identify the genus and species of chironomid head capsules under a 100-400x biological microscope.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, In the S5 step: The calculation of niche breadth is based on Levins formula: ； niche breadth for species j relative abundance of species j in lake i; The calculation of niche overlap between each pair of species is based on Pianka formula: ； wherein, and Rjand Rkdenote the relative abundance of species j and k in lake i, respectively, ranges from 0 weak overlap to 1 complete overlap.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, In the S6 step: Use The community-level niche breadth of community i is quantified as: wherein is the community-level niche breadth of lake i; is the niche breadth of species j; m is the number of species in lake i.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, In the S7 step: Use The community-level niche overlap of the community i is quantified: In the formulae, =2 / .

Images