An automatic backwash wetland system based on a Tesla valve and a construction method thereof

Abstract

The application provides an automatic backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve and a construction method thereof. The automatic backwashing wetland system based on the Tesla valve comprises a water storage tank, a wetland system and a Tesla valve device. The Tesla valve device comprises a reverse Tesla valve and a forward Tesla valve. The upper water outlet of the water storage tank is communicated with the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve, and the forward port of the reverse Tesla valve is communicated with the first water inlet of the wetland system. The lower water outlet of the water storage tank is communicated with the forward port of the forward Tesla valve, and the reverse port of the forward Tesla valve is communicated with the second water inlet of the wetland system. The overflow port on the wetland system is communicated with the wetland water outlet through a drainage control device, and the backwashing starting device is arranged at the position where the lower water outlet of the water storage tank is communicated with the forward port of the forward Tesla valve.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a Tesla valve-based automatic backwashing wetland system and its construction method, belonging to the technical field of backwashing of wetland systems in wastewater treatment. BACKGROUND

[0002] Wetland systems have been widely used in wastewater treatment and water purification, which effectively remove pollutants in water bodies through the joint action of plants, microorganisms and substrates; however, with the extension of operation time, the wetland system is prone to clogging, resulting in poor water flow and reducing the processing efficiency of the system; the existing wetland system usually relies on regular maintenance and manual backwashing, which is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also may lead to untimely operation, affecting the overall treatment effect.

[0003] In order to solve the problem of clogging of wetland systems, some automatic backwashing technologies have appeared on the market; for example, patent application CN114368882A discloses a high-pollution-load artificial wetland modular unit, patent application CN105600938A discloses an artificial wetland anti-clogging water distribution and backwashing method and device, etc. use hydraulic mechanical devices, electronic sensors or manual to monitor the operation condition of the wetland and trigger the backwashing process; however, the existing technologies often involve complex electronic equipment or require additional energy supply, increasing the construction and maintenance cost of the system, and also increasing the possibility of failure; in addition, the existing backwashing technology does not fully consider the natural advantages of hydraulics, resulting in low water flow efficiency and affecting the backwashing effect.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a technology that does not require additional energy supply, relies on pure mechanical structure, can automatically monitor the clogging condition of the wetland and trigger the backwashing process, in order to improve the operation efficiency of the wetland system and prolong its service life. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application proposes a Tesla valve-based automatic backwashing wetland system and its construction method, which aims to solve the problem of low processing efficiency and difficult maintenance caused by clogging in the existing wetland system.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention: An automatic backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve, the system comprising a water storage tank 1, a wetland system 2, a Tesla valve device, a backwashing start device, and a drainage control device; the Tesla valve device includes a reverse Tesla valve 4 and a forward Tesla valve 9; the upper outlet 1-1 of the water storage tank 1 is connected to the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve 4, and the forward port of the reverse Tesla valve 4 is connected to the first inlet 2-1 of the wetland system 2; the lower outlet 1-2 of the water storage tank 1 is connected to the forward port of the forward Tesla valve 9, and the reverse port of the forward Tesla valve 9 is connected to the second inlet 2-2 of the wetland system 2; the upper... The heights of the outlet 1-1, the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve 4, the forward port of the reverse Tesla valve 4, and the first inlet 2-1 of the wetland system 2 are all higher than the heights of the lower outlet 1-2 of the water storage tank 1, the forward port of the forward Tesla valve 9, the reverse port of the forward Tesla valve 9, and the second inlet 2-2 of the wetland system 2. The bottom of the wetland system 2 has a wetland outlet 11, and the upper part of the wetland system 2 has an overflow port 18. The overflow port 18 on the wetland system 2 is connected to the wetland outlet 11 through a drainage control device. A backwashing start device is installed at the connection between the lower outlet 1-2 of the water storage tank 1 and the forward port of the forward Tesla valve 9.

[0007] Furthermore, the side wall of the reverse Tesla valve 4 is provided with several water outlet holes, each of which is connected to the inlet of the water distribution pipe 5. The water distribution pipe 5 extends to the upper and middle layers of the wetland system 2. Several water distribution holes are distributed on the water distribution pipe 5 in the internal area of ​​the wetland system 2. A regulating valve 6 is connected in series on the water distribution pipe 5.

[0008] Furthermore, the water storage tank 1 has a main sewage inlet 3; the overflow outlet 18 on the wetland system 2 and the main sewage inlet 3 on the water storage tank 1 are both at a higher height than the upper outlet 1-1 of the water storage tank 1, the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve 4, the forward port of the reverse Tesla valve 4, and the first inlet 2-1 of the wetland system 2.

[0009] Furthermore, the wetland system 2 area includes wetland plants 15 and wetland filler 16; the wetland plants 15 grow on the surface of the wetland filler 16, and the wetland filler 16 area is covered with a substrate; the particle size of the filler in the wetland filler 16 increases from fine to coarse from top to bottom. According to the different particle sizes, the wetland filler 16 area is divided into an upper fine sand area, a middle medium sand area, and a lower rock area. The filler particle size in the upper fine sand area is smaller than that in the middle medium sand area, and the filler particle size in the middle medium sand area is smaller than that in the lower rock area. The height of the second inlet 2-2 of the wetland system 2 and the height of the wetland outlet 11 at the bottom of the wetland system 2 are both equivalent to the height of the lower rock area of ​​the wetland filler 16 area at the bottom of the wetland system 2.

[0010] Furthermore, the backwashing start device includes a float 7 and a weak magnetic cover 8; wherein, the weak magnetic cover 8 is located at the lower outlet 1-2 of the water storage tank 1, the float 7 floats on the surface of the sewage in the water storage tank 1, and the float 7 and the weak magnetic cover 8 are connected by a rope; the bottom of the water storage tank 1 is a conical water storage tank, and there is a sludge discharge port 10 at the bottom of the conical area.

[0011] Furthermore, the drainage control device includes an inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12, a limiting groove 13, an overflow pipe 14, and a drain pipe 17; the upper end of the overflow pipe 14 is connected to the overflow port 18 on the wetland system 2, one end of the drain pipe 17 is connected to the wetland outlet 11, and the other end of the drain pipe 17 is connected to the outside. Preferably, the drain pipe 17 is placed horizontally, and a connection port 14-1 is opened on the upper side wall of the drain pipe 17. The lower end of the overflow pipe 14 is connected to the connection port 14-1. A limiting groove 13 is opened on the inner surface of the lower side wall of the drain pipe 17, and the connection port 14-1 is located directly above the limiting groove 13. The vertical part of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12 is inserted into the connection port 14-1, and the horizontal part of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12 is the upper end of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12. The horizontal part of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12 is above the connection port 14-1.

[0012] Furthermore, the horizontal portion of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12 is made of buoyancy material, and the horizontal portion of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12 has a protruding edge in the direction away from the wetland system 2; when the vertical portion of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12 passes through the connection port 14-1 and the lower end of the vertical portion of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12 is inserted into the limiting groove 13, a certain distance can be maintained between the protruding edge and the upper side wall of the drain pipe 17.

[0013] Furthermore, the vertical portion of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12 has a limiting hole 12-1 on its side, and a limiting post 12-2 on the side wall of the connecting port 14-1. The limiting post 12-2 is placed horizontally and passes through the limiting hole 12-1 on the side of the vertical portion of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12. The diameter of the limiting post 12-2 matches the width of the limiting hole 12-1, and the length direction of the limiting hole 12-1 is consistent with the length direction of the vertical portion of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12.

[0014] Furthermore, the upper half of the sidewall of the limiting groove 13 in the direction away from the wetland system 2 has an upwardly sloping opening 13-1, and the upper opening area of ​​the limiting groove 13 is larger than the bottom area of ​​the limiting groove 13.

[0015] A method for constructing an automated backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve as described in any one of claims 1-9, the method comprising:

[0016] 1) Initially collect and settle wastewater in storage tank 1;

[0017] 2) Wastewater enters wetland system 2 through reverse Tesla valve 4 located at the top of the storage tank;

[0018] 3) The wastewater is purified by using wetland plants 15, microorganisms and substrate in wetland system 2, and the purified water is discharged from the wetland outlet 11 at the bottom of wetland system 2.

[0019] 4) When the wetland outlet 11 of wetland system 2 is blocked, the water level rises and triggers the backwashing start device. The water flow of wetland system 2 will automatically return to the water storage tank 1 through the reverse Tesla valve 4, and then enter the bottom of wetland system 2 through the lower outlet 1-2 of water storage tank 1 to start the backwashing process.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0021] 1) Automated backwashing function: This invention achieves automatic backwashing of wetland systems through the ingenious combination of Tesla valve and float control mechanism, without the need for manual intervention or additional energy supply; when the wetland system is blocked, the system can automatically adjust the water flow direction to trigger the backwashing process, effectively remove the blockage, and ensure long-term stable operation of the system;

[0022] 2) Purely mechanical structure, simple maintenance: The present invention adopts a purely mechanical design, which does not require complex electronic equipment or sensors, reducing the possibility of failure; this design not only reduces maintenance costs, but also enables the system to operate normally in environments where energy is scarce or power supply is unavailable, and has extremely high adaptability;

[0023] 3) Efficient water flow control and uniform distribution: The deceleration design and thin-tube diversion structure of the Tesla valve ensure the uniform distribution of wastewater in the wetland system, improving the purification effect; at the same time, the water flow direction is automatically adjusted during the backwashing process, effectively restoring the treatment capacity of the wetland system.

[0024] 4) Synchronous blockage detection and water flow control: Through the ingenious design of the float and the weak magnetic suction cover, when the wetland system is blocked, the water level in the storage tank rises, the float automatically controls the water flow direction and starts the backwashing process, realizing the synchronous operation of blockage detection and water flow control, simplifying the overall operation of the system;

[0025] 5) Non-destructive backwashing: By using reverse water flow to remove blockages in the wetland system, it does not damage the plants, microorganisms and substrate in the wetland, thus protecting the ecological environment of the wetland and enabling the system to operate continuously and effectively for a long time.

[0026] 6) Environmental protection and energy saving: This invention does not rely on electricity or other energy sources, but achieves self-regulation and cleaning only through hydraulic and mechanical structures, which has obvious environmental protection and energy saving advantages and is suitable for various scenarios such as agricultural wastewater treatment and ecological wetland management;

[0027] 7) This invention is applicable to fields such as agricultural wastewater treatment and ecological wetland management. It optimizes the water flow control and cleaning process of wetland systems through mechanical structures. This invention relies on a purely mechanical structure to achieve automatic control and backwashing of water flow, without the need for additional energy supply or complex electronic equipment, thereby greatly simplifying system operation and maintenance and significantly improving the overall operating efficiency of wetland systems. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Appendix Figure 1 This is a front view schematic diagram of the automatic backwashing wetland system based on the Tesla valve of the present invention.

[0029] Appendix Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12 when it is reset and closed during backwashing.

[0030] Appendix Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12 when it is lifted and opened.

[0031] Appendix Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the reverse Tesla valve 4.

[0032] In the attached diagram, 1 is a water storage tank, 1-1 is the upper outlet of water storage tank 1, 1-2 is the lower outlet of water storage tank 1, 2 is a wetland system, 2-1 is the first inlet of wetland system 2, 2-2 is the second inlet of wetland system 2, 3 is the main sewage inlet, 4 is a reverse Tesla valve, 5 is a water distribution pipe, 6 is a regulating valve, 7 is a float, 8 is a weak magnetic suction cover, 9 is a forward Tesla valve, 10 is a sludge discharge port, 11 is a wetland outlet, 12 is an inverted L-shaped water baffle, 12-1 is a limiting hole, 12-2 is a limiting post, 13 is a limiting groove, 13-1 is an opening ramp, 14 is an overflow pipe, 14-1 is a connection port, 15 is wetland plants, 16 is wetland filler, 17 is a drain pipe, and 18 is an overflow port. Detailed Implementation

[0033] An automatic backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve is disclosed. The system includes a water storage tank 1, a wetland system 2, a Tesla valve device, a backwashing activation device, and a drainage control device. The Tesla valve device includes a reverse Tesla valve 4 and a forward Tesla valve 9. The upper outlet 1-1 of the water storage tank 1 is connected to the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve 4, and the forward port of the reverse Tesla valve 4 is connected to the first inlet 2-1 of the wetland system 2. The lower outlet 1-2 of the water storage tank 1 is connected to the forward port of the forward Tesla valve 9, and the reverse port of the forward Tesla valve 9 is connected to the second inlet 2-2 of the wetland system 2. The upper outlet 1-1 of the water storage tank 1... The heights of the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve 4, the forward port of the reverse Tesla valve 4, and the first inlet 2-1 of the wetland system 2 are all higher than the heights of the lower outlet 1-2 of the water storage tank 1, the forward port of the forward Tesla valve 9, the reverse port of the forward Tesla valve 9, and the second inlet 2-2 of the wetland system 2. The bottom of the wetland system 2 has a wetland outlet 11, and the upper part of the wetland system 2 has an overflow outlet 18. The overflow outlet 18 on the wetland system 2 is connected to the wetland outlet 11 through a drainage control device. A backwashing start device is provided at the connection between the lower outlet 1-2 of the water storage tank 1 and the forward port of the forward Tesla valve 9.

[0034] Both the reverse Tesla valve 4 and the forward Tesla valve 9 are Tesla valves. The difference between the reverse Tesla valve 4 and the forward Tesla valve 9 is that the reverse Tesla valve 4 has several water outlet holes distributed on its side wall. Each water outlet hole is connected to the water inlet of the water distribution pipe 5. The water distribution pipe 5 extends to the upper and middle layers of the wetland system 2. Several water distribution holes are distributed on the water distribution pipe 5 in the internal area of ​​the wetland system 2. A regulating valve 6 is connected in series on the water distribution pipe 5. By adjusting these regulating valves 6, the flow obstruction effect and water distribution of the reverse Tesla valve 4 can be easily controlled.

[0035] During operation, external sewage enters the storage tank 1 through the main sewage inlet 3. The sewage undergoes initial sedimentation within the storage tank 1. At this time, the lower outlet 1-2 of the storage tank 1 and the forward port of the forward Tesla valve 9 are closed by the backwash activation device. Sewage cannot flow from the lower outlet 1-2 of the storage tank 1 into the forward port of the forward Tesla valve 9 and into the wetland system 2. After the sewage level in the storage tank 1 rises to the height of the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve 4, water can only flow from the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve 4 into the reverse Tesla valve 4. For a normal Tesla valve, the valve has a one-way conduction function. When water flows from the reverse port of the Tesla valve to the forward port, the flow is restricted by the flow-blocking effect of various parts of the Tesla valve, preventing the water from flowing a long distance from the reverse port to the forward port of the Tesla valve. However, in this invention, by setting several outlet holes on the side wall of the reverse Tesla valve 4, sewage can flow out through the outlet holes and enter the water distribution pipe 5 during the forward flow process from the reverse port of the Tesla valve. Then, the sewage is dispersed into the wetland system 2 through the water distribution holes on the water distribution pipe 5. The reverse Tesla valve 4 in this invention utilizes the structure of the Tesla valve itself to slow down the water flow speed and avoid excessive water flow impacting the wetland system. It also ensures that some sewage can be evenly transported from the water storage tank 1 to the water distribution pipe 5 in the upper layer of the wetland system 2 through the reverse Tesla valve 4, and the sewage is evenly transported to the upper layer of the wetland system 2, thereby achieving uniform distribution of sewage in the wetland system 2. The reverse Tesla valve 4 in this invention is used to control the distribution of water flow and utilizes the flow obstruction effect of the Tesla valve, which can adapt to different treatment needs and enhance the adaptability of the system.

[0036] The water storage tank 1 has a main sewage inlet 3; the overflow outlet 18 and the main sewage inlet 3 on the wetland system 2 are both at a higher height than the upper outlet 1-1 of the water storage tank 1, the reverse outlet of the reverse Tesla valve 4, the forward outlet of the reverse Tesla valve 4, and the first inlet 2-1 of the wetland system 2.

[0037] The wetland system 2 area includes wetland plants 15 and wetland filler 16. The wetland plants 15 grow on the surface of the wetland filler 16, and the wetland filler 16 area is covered with a substrate. The particle size of the filler in the wetland filler 16 increases from fine to coarse from top to bottom. According to the different particle sizes, the wetland filler 16 area is divided into an upper fine sand area, a middle medium sand area, and a lower rock area. The filler particle size in the upper fine sand area is smaller than that in the middle medium sand area, and the filler particle size in the middle medium sand area is smaller than that in the lower rock area. The height of the second inlet 2-2 of the wetland system 2 and the height of the wetland outlet 11 at the bottom of the wetland system 2 are both roughly equivalent to the height of the lower rock area of ​​the wetland filler 16 area at the bottom of the wetland system 2. The water distribution pipe 5 is preferably distributed in the upper fine sand area of ​​the wetland filler 16 area.

[0038] When wastewater enters wetland system 2, wetland system 2 can purify the wastewater using plants, microorganisms and substrate. The purified water is discharged from the wetland outlet 11 at the bottom of wetland system 2. As wetland system 2 operates for a long time, the wetland packing material 16 becomes clogged by sludge and impurities in the wastewater that have not settled in the water storage tank 1, as well as microbial films growing on the substrate. The gaps between the packing materials become smaller, making it difficult for wastewater in wetland system 2 to penetrate downwards for filtration. At this time, backwashing is required to disperse the impurities in the substrate and clear the wetland substrate.

[0039] The backwashing activation device includes a float 7 and a weak magnetic cover 8. The weak magnetic cover 8 is located at the lower outlet 1-2 of the water storage tank 1. The float 7 floats on the surface of the sewage in the water storage tank 1, and the float 7 and the weak magnetic cover 8 are connected by a rope. Under normal circumstances, the weak magnetic cover 8, located at the lower outlet 1-2 of the water storage tank 1, closes the positive port of the positive Tesla valve 9, meaning the weak magnetic cover 8 and the positive port of the positive Tesla valve 9 are magnetically attracted. When the wetland system 2 experiences blockage... When external sewage enters the storage tank 1 through the main sewage inlet 3, and the sewage level in the storage tank 1 rises to the height of the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve 4, the sewage enters the wetland system 2 through the reverse Tesla valve 4, causing the water level in the wetland system 2 to rise. When the water levels in the storage tank 1 and the wetland system 2 reach parity, due to the one-way conduction function of the Tesla valve, the water in the wetland system 2 can flow from the forward port of the reverse Tesla valve 4 to the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve 4 and return to the storage tank 1. The system maintains communication between the water tank 1 and the wetland system 2. As the water level in the water tank 1 rises further, the position of the float 7 also rises. Once the float 7 reaches a certain height, it pulls the weak magnetic cover 8 open, allowing water from the water tank 1 to flow from the lower outlet 1-2 through the forward port of the forward Tesla valve 9 into the bottom of the wetland system 2, initiating the backwashing process. Water flows from the forward port of the forward Tesla valve 9 into the bottom of the wetland system 2. At this time, the water tank 1 and the wetland system 2 form a water flow path from the lower outlet 1-2 of the water tank 1 to the second inlet 2-2 of the wetland system 2, then to the first inlet 2-1 of the wetland system 2, and finally to the upper outlet 1-1 of the water tank 1. The water flow in the wetland system 2, flowing from bottom to top, disperses impurities in the substrate gaps and enters the water tank 1. The system of this invention simplifies operation and maintenance through a purely mechanical structure, improves the operating efficiency and reliability of the wetland system, and has significant advantages in environmental protection and energy conservation.

[0040] The drainage control device includes an inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12, a limiting groove 13, an overflow pipe 14, and a drain pipe 17. The upper end of the overflow pipe 14 is connected to the overflow port 18 on the wetland system 2. One end of the drain pipe 17 is connected to the wetland outlet 11, and the other end of the drain pipe 17 is connected to the outside. Preferably, the drain pipe 17 is placed horizontally. A connection port 14-1 is opened on the upper side wall of the drain pipe 17. The lower end of the overflow pipe 14 is connected to the connection port 14-1. A limiting groove 13 is opened on the inner surface of the lower side wall of the drain pipe 17. The connection port 14-1 is located directly above the limiting groove 13. The vertical part of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12 is inserted into the connection port 14-1. The horizontal part of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12 is the upper end of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12. The horizontal part of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12 is above the connection port 14-1.

[0041] The horizontal portion of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12 is made of buoyancy material, and the horizontal portion of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12 has a protruding edge in the direction away from the wetland system 2. When the vertical portion of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12 passes through the connection port 14-1 and the lower end of the vertical portion of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12 is inserted into the limiting groove 13, a certain distance can be maintained between the protruding edge and the upper side wall of the drain pipe 17, so that the water in the overflow pipe 14 can enter below the protruding edge.

[0042] The vertical portion of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12 has a limiting hole 12-1 on its side, and a limiting post 12-2 on the side wall of the connecting port 14-1. The limiting post 12-2 is placed horizontally and passes through the limiting hole 12-1 on the side of the vertical portion of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12. The diameter of the limiting post 12-2 matches the width of the limiting hole 12-1, and the length direction of the limiting hole 12-1 is consistent with the length direction of the vertical portion of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12. The length setting of the limiting hole 12-1 can limit the vertical movement range of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12.

[0043] When wetland system 2 becomes blocked, as external sewage continuously flows into storage tank 1 from the main sewage inlet 3 and enters wetland system 2 through the forward Tesla valve 9 for backwashing, the overall water level of the storage tank 1 and wetland system 2 continuously rises. When the overall water level of storage tank 1 and wetland system 2 reaches a preset threshold (reaching the water level at the upper overflow outlet 18 of wetland system 2), water flows through overflow pipe 14 to the top of inverted L-shaped baffle plate 12. The upper part of the inverted L-shaped baffle plate is made of high buoyancy material. Under the action of buoyancy, the inverted L-shaped baffle plate 12 is lifted and guided by the limiting hole 12-1. Under the combined action of the lateral water pressure at wetland outlet 11, the inverted L-shaped baffle plate 12 is opened (as shown in the attached figure). Figure 2 Appendix Figure 3The backwashing process is completed when the water level in wetland system 2 is restored to normal. At the same time, the water in overflow pipe 14 flows into the drain pipe 17 at the wetland outlet 11 below along with the rise of inverted L-shaped water baffle 12, and is discharged from wetland system 2. When the water level in wetland system 2 returns to normal, the backwashing process ends and the system returns to normal operation.

[0044] The upper end of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12 is made of buoyancy material. When the wetland system 2 is blocked, causing a reduction in water flow, the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12 resets under insufficient water pressure, and the lower end of the vertical part of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12 sinks into the limiting groove 13 to prevent water leakage during backwashing. When the system water level increases to a preset threshold, water flows through the overflow pipe 14 to the area below the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate, causing the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate to rise under the action of buoyancy. The lower end of the vertical part of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12 disengages from the limiting groove 13, thereby opening the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12 under the combined action of the water pressure at the wetland outlet and restoring normal water flow discharge.

[0045] The upper half of the sidewall of the limiting groove 13 in the direction away from the wetland system 2 has an upwardly sloping opening 13-1, and the upper opening area of ​​the limiting groove 13 is larger than the bottom area of ​​the limiting groove 13.

[0046] The water storage tank 1 is preferably a conical water storage tank with a sludge discharge port 10 at the bottom of the conical area. The conical area at the bottom of the water storage tank 1 is used to concentrate and settle dirt. When the concentrated and settled dirt accumulates to a certain extent, it is convenient to discharge the settled dirt from the sludge discharge port 10.

[0047] A method for constructing an automated backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve, the method comprising the following steps:

[0048] 1) Initially collect and settle wastewater in storage tank 1;

[0049] 2) Wastewater enters wetland system 2 through reverse Tesla valve 4 located at the top of the water storage tank; wherein reverse Tesla valve 4 is used to slow down the water flow rate and evenly distribute wastewater to the middle and upper layers of the wetland system through the outlet hole on the Tesla valve and the water distribution pipe 5.

[0050] 3) The wastewater is purified by using wetland plants 15, microorganisms and substrate in wetland system 2, and the purified water is discharged from the wetland outlet 11 at the bottom of wetland system 2.

[0051] 4) When the wetland outlet 11 of wetland system 2 is blocked, the water level rises and triggers the backwashing start device. The water flow of wetland system 2 will automatically return to the water storage tank through the reverse Tesla valve 4, and then enter the bottom of wetland system 2 through the lower outlet 1-2 of water storage tank 1 to start the backwashing process.

[0052] This invention is mainly used for sewage treatment and water purification, especially suitable for agricultural wastewater treatment and ecological wetland management. By combining a Tesla valve and a float control mechanism, this invention designs an intelligent wetland system that requires no external energy supply and relies on a purely mechanical structure. It can automatically monitor and respond to wetland blockage and realize automatic backwashing. During the backwashing process, the water can circulate multiple times between the water storage tank 1 and the wetland system 2, which also promotes further purification of the water. The automatic backwashing wetland system based on the Tesla valve of this invention is modularly designed, allowing the number of modules to be increased or decreased according to the treatment capacity requirements, providing flexible configuration options to adapt to water treatment scenarios of different scales.

[0053] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Example 1

[0054] An automatic backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve includes a water storage tank 1, a wetland system 2, a reverse Tesla valve 4, a forward Tesla valve 9, a backwashing initiation device, and a drainage control device. The backwashing initiation device includes a float ball 7 and a weak magnetic suction cover 8. The drainage control device includes an inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12, a limiting groove 13, an overflow pipe 14, and a drain pipe 17. During operation, wastewater enters the water storage tank 1 through the wastewater inlet 3 at the top. The bottom of the water storage tank 1 has a conical design to concentrate and settle sludge, which can be discharged from the sludge outlet 10. The top of the water storage tank 1 is connected to the wetland system 2 through the reverse Tesla valve 4. The reverse Tesla valve 4 slows down the water flow to prevent the water flow from directly impacting the wetland system 2.

[0055] Under normal circumstances:

[0056] Wastewater enters wetland system 2 through reverse Tesla valve 4 and is evenly distributed to the middle and upper layers of the wetland through the outlet hole on reverse Tesla valve 4 and water distribution pipe 5. The regulating valve 6 installed on water distribution pipe 5 can be used to regulate the water output of water distribution pipe. The wetland system purifies wastewater through the filtration of wetland plants 15, wetland filler 16 and microorganisms. The purified water is discharged through wetland outlet 11 at the bottom of the wetland.

[0057] Backwashing process:

[0058] When wetland system 2 becomes blocked, the water level in wetland system 2 rises, and the water flows back to water storage tank 1 through reverse Tesla valve 4, causing the water level in water storage tank 1 to rise. At this time, the weak magnetic suction cover 8 at the bottom of water storage tank 1's forward Tesla valve 9 is automatically opened by float ball 7, and the water in the water storage tank flows into the bottom of wetland system 2 through forward Tesla valve 9 for backwashing and clearing blockages.

[0059] Meanwhile, due to the blockage, the outflow of water in wetland system 2 is reduced. The inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate 12 with a high buoyancy material at the upper end, which is installed at the wetland outlet 11, sinks when the water pressure is insufficient and is locked into the limiting groove 13 in the drain pipe 17 by gravity, preventing water from leaking out through the drain outlet during the backwashing process.

[0060] Restoring normal operation process:

[0061] As backwashing proceeds, the water level in wetland system 2 gradually rises, and the water flows into overflow outlet 18. Buoyancy lifts the inverted L-shaped baffle plate 12, causing the water in wetland system 2 to drain from wetland outlet 11. Due to the rotation and lifting of the inverted L-shaped baffle plate 12, the overflow pipe 14 connects with the connection port 14-1 on the drain pipe 17 outside the wetland outlet 11, allowing the water in the overflow pipe 14 to flow into the drain pipe 17 outside the wetland outlet 11 and drain out together. At this time, the water level in storage tank 1 gradually decreases, the weak magnetic suction cover 8 controlled by float ball 7 closes, and the backwashing process is completely finished; wetland system 2 resumes normal operation. Example 2

[0062] In a certain wetland agricultural wastewater treatment project, the wetland system of the present invention is used to treat wastewater. The wastewater first enters the storage tank, and after sedimentation, it enters the wetland system 2 through the top reverse Tesla valve 4. The present invention distributes water evenly to the middle and upper layers of the wetland through the outlet of the reverse Tesla valve 4 and the structure of the water distribution pipe 5, thereby achieving efficient purification.

[0063] When the system becomes clogged, the float device at the bottom of the water tank activates the backwashing function to clear the blockage at the bottom of the wetland; after the backwashing is completed, the system automatically resumes normal operation; this invention achieves automatic adjustment in the sewage treatment process, reduces the need for manual maintenance, and improves the stability and long-term operation capability of the system. Example 3

[0064] In urban wastewater treatment facilities, this invention can be used as part of a wetland deep treatment system. Through the integrated design of water storage facilities, Tesla valves and backwashing devices, urban wastewater can achieve preliminary purification and pretreatment through the wetland system before entering the main treatment facilities, effectively reducing the load on subsequent treatment. At the same time, the system's automatic backwashing function can maintain the wetland's operating efficiency for a long time and extend the system's lifespan.

[0065] The embodiments of this invention demonstrate its application in different scenarios, proving its superiority in wetland wastewater treatment; the design of this invention can adapt to a variety of different water treatment needs, and its mechanized and automated design enables efficient, stable, and long-term operation.

Claims

1. An automatic backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve, characterized in that: The system includes a water storage tank (1), a wetland system (2), a Tesla valve device, a backwash start device, and a drainage control device; the Tesla valve device includes a reverse Tesla valve (4) and a forward Tesla valve (9); the upper outlet of the water storage tank (1) is connected to the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve (4), and the forward port of the reverse Tesla valve (4) is connected to the first inlet (2-1) of the wetland system (2); the lower outlet (1-2) of the water storage tank (1) is connected to the forward port of the forward Tesla valve (9), and the reverse port of the forward Tesla valve (9) is connected to the second inlet (2-2) of the wetland system (2); the upper outlet of the water storage tank (1), the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve (4), the forward port of the reverse Tesla valve (4), and the first inlet (2-1) of the wetland system (2) are all at a higher height than the lower outlet of the water storage tank (1). 1-2) The height of the forward port of the forward Tesla valve (9), the reverse port of the forward Tesla valve (9), and the second inlet (2-2) of the wetland system (2); the bottom of the wetland system (2) has a wetland outlet (11), and the upper part of the wetland system (2) has an overflow port (18); the overflow port (18) on the wetland system (2) is connected to the wetland outlet (11) through a drainage control device, and a backwash starting device is set at the connection between the lower outlet (1-2) of the water storage tank (1) and the forward port of the forward Tesla valve (9); the backwash starting device includes a float (7) and a weak magnetic cover (8); the weak magnetic cover (8) is located at the lower outlet (1-2) of the water storage tank (1), the float (7) floats on the surface of the sewage in the water storage tank (1), and the float (7) and the weak magnetic cover (8) are connected by a rope.

2. The automatic backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reverse Tesla valve (4) has several water outlet holes distributed on its side wall. Each water outlet hole is connected to the water inlet of the water distribution pipe (5). The water distribution pipe (5) extends to the upper and middle layers of the wetland system (2). Several water distribution holes are distributed on the water distribution pipe (5) in the internal area of ​​the wetland system (2). A regulating valve (6) is connected in series on the water distribution pipe (5).

3. An automatic backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water storage tank (1) has a sewage inlet (3); the overflow outlet (18) on the wetland system (2) and the sewage inlet (3) on the water storage tank (1) are both at a higher height than the upper outlet (1-1) of the water storage tank (1), the reverse outlet of the reverse Tesla valve (4), the forward outlet of the reverse Tesla valve (4), and the first inlet (2-1) of the wetland system (2).

4. An automatic backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wetland system (2) area includes wetland plants (15) and wetland filler (16); the wetland plants (15) grow on the surface of the wetland filler (16), and the wetland filler (16) area is covered with a substrate; the particle size of the filler in the wetland filler (16) is from fine to coarse from top to bottom. According to the different particle sizes, the wetland filler (16) area is divided into an upper fine sand area, a middle medium sand area, and a lower rock area. The filler particle size of the upper fine sand area is smaller than that of the middle medium sand area, and the filler particle size of the middle medium sand area is smaller than that of the lower rock area. The height of the second inlet (2-2) of the wetland system (2) and the height of the wetland outlet (11) at the bottom of the wetland system (2) are both equivalent to the height of the lower rock area of ​​the wetland filler (16) area at the bottom of the wetland system (2).

5. An automatic backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the water storage tank (1) is a cone-shaped water storage tank, and there is a mud discharge port (10) at the bottom of the cone-shaped area.

6. An automatic backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage control device includes an inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate (12), a limiting groove (13), an overflow pipe (14), and a drain pipe (17); the upper end of the overflow pipe (14) is connected to the overflow port (18) on the wetland system (2), one end of the drain pipe (17) is connected to the wetland outlet (11), the other end of the drain pipe (17) is connected to the outside, the drain pipe (17) is placed horizontally, a connection port (14-1) is opened on the upper side wall of the drain pipe (17), the lower end of the overflow pipe (14) is connected to the connection port (14-1), a limiting groove (13) is opened on the inner surface of the lower side wall of the drain pipe (17), and the connection port (14-1) is located directly above the limiting groove (13); The vertical part of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate (12) is inserted into the connection port (14-1), and the horizontal part of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate (12) is the upper end of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate (12), and the horizontal part of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate (12) is above the connection port (14-1).

7. An automatic backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve according to claim 6, characterized in that: The horizontal part of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate (12) is made of buoyancy material, and the horizontal part of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate (12) has a protruding edge in the direction away from the wetland system (2); when the vertical part of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate (12) passes through the connection port (14-1) and the lower end of the vertical part of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate (12) is inserted into the limiting groove (13), a certain distance can be maintained between the protruding edge and the upper side wall of the drain pipe (17).

8. An automatic backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve according to claim 6, characterized in that: The vertical part of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate (12) has a limiting hole (12-1) on its side and a limiting post (12-2) on the side wall of the connecting port (14-1). The limiting post (12-2) is placed horizontally and passes through the limiting hole (12-1) on the side of the vertical part of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate (12). The diameter of the limiting post (12-2) matches the width of the limiting hole (12-1), and the length direction of the limiting hole (12-1) is consistent with the length direction of the vertical part of the inverted L-shaped water-blocking plate (12).

9. An automatic backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upper half of the sidewall of the limiting groove (13) away from the wetland system (2) has an upwardly sloping opening (13-1), and the upper opening area of ​​the limiting groove (13) is larger than the bottom area of ​​the limiting groove (13).

10. A method for constructing an automated backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: include: 1) Initially collect and settle wastewater in the water storage tank (1); 2) Wastewater enters the wetland system (2) through the reverse Tesla valve (4) located at the top of the water storage tank; 3) The wastewater is purified by using wetland plants (15), microorganisms and substrate in the wetland system (2), and the purified water is discharged from the wetland outlet (11) at the bottom of the wetland system (2); 4) When the wetland outlet (11) of the wetland system (2) is blocked, the water level rises and triggers the backwashing start device. The water flow of the wetland system (2) will automatically return to the water storage tank (1) through the reverse Tesla valve (4), and then enter the bottom of the wetland system (2) through the lower outlet (1-2) of the water storage tank (1) to start the backwashing process.

Images