A water jet combined drilling device and method

Abstract

This invention provides a waterjet combined drilling device and method. The device includes a combined drilling tool, a drilling rig body, a pneumatic spiral sand supply system, a low-pressure water supply unit, and a high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit. The combined drilling tool is installed on the drilling rig body. High-pressure water and abrasive pipelines run inside the drill rod, while low-pressure water flows outside the drill bit. The high-pressure water pipeline is connected to the high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit via a rotary joint. The low-pressure water channel is connected to the low-pressure water supply unit via a rotary joint. The mixed abrasive medium channel is connected to the pneumatic spiral sand supply system via a rotary joint. The pneumatic spiral sand supply system specifically includes a pressurizing device, a sand tank, and a spiral stirring device. The spiral stirring device is installed inside the sand tank. In this invention, the abrasive is uniformly mixed by the spiral stirring device, and then pressurized in a sealed air tank, causing the abrasive to flow out from the bottom and through the pipeline to the jet nozzle for ejection. This increases the pressure of the supply pipeline and ensures uniform abrasive mixing, thereby improving the cutting effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of underground engineering technology, specifically relating to a water jet combined drilling device and method. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Drilling equipment generally refers to the working device used in engineering to work in underground engineering by using drill bits to break rocks or other media, and to form and deepen boreholes.

[0004] When encountering rocks with a hardness exceeding a set value, the drilling effect of purely mechanical drilling tools is significantly poor. Some researchers have proposed adding jet drill bits to the drilling device to improve rock breaking efficiency. However, in practical use, jet cutting still suffers from problems such as limited drilling space, low pressure in the abrasive / jet supply pipeline leading to low cut pressure, and uneven abrasive mixing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a water jet combined drilling device and method. In this invention, the abrasive is uniformly mixed by a spiral stirring device, and then pressurized in a sealed gas tank, causing the abrasive to flow out from the bottom and be ejected through a pipeline to the jet nozzle. This increases the pressure of the supply pipeline and effectively ensures uniform mixing of the abrasive.

[0006] According to some embodiments, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A waterjet combined drilling device includes a combined drilling tool, a drilling rig body, a pneumatic spiral sand supply system, a low-pressure water supply unit, and a high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit, wherein:

[0008] The drilling rig body is equipped with a combined drilling tool, and the drilling rig body is used to control the movement and operation of the combined drilling tool.

[0009] The combined drilling tool includes a mechanical drill bit, a drill rod, and a water jet nozzle. The mechanical drill bit and the drill rod are connected. The water jet nozzle is disposed on the end face of the mechanical drill bit. The water jet nozzle is provided with several high-pressure jet channels, an abrasive mixing channel, and a low-pressure water outlet channel. The drill rod is correspondingly provided with a high-pressure water pipeline channel, a mixed abrasive medium channel, and a low-pressure water channel, which are respectively connected to each channel / path. The abrasive mixing channel and the high-pressure jet channel are connected. Several water jet outlets are provided on the end face of the water jet nozzle, and several low-pressure water outlets are provided on the side / edge of the drill bit. The water jet outlets are connected to the corresponding high-pressure jet channels. The low-pressure water outlets are connected to the corresponding low-pressure water outlet channels.

[0010] The high-pressure water pipeline is connected via a rotary joint and a high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit.

[0011] The low-pressure water channel is connected to the low-pressure water supply unit via a rotary joint;

[0012] The mixed abrasive media channel is connected via a rotary joint and a pneumatic spiral sand supply system;

[0013] The pneumatic spiral sand supply system includes a pressurizing device, a sand tank, and a spiral stirring device. The spiral stirring device is installed inside the sand tank to uniformly mix the abrasive in the sand tank. The pressurizing device is connected to the sand tank to provide pressure to the sand tank, so that the abrasive is pressurized and sent out from the sand outlet pipeline to flow into the mixed abrasive medium channel.

[0014] As an alternative implementation, the sand outlet pipe is located at the bottom of the sand tank, and an air inlet pipe is located at the top of the sand tank. The air inlet pipe and the pressurization device are connected through an air supply pipe.

[0015] As an alternative implementation, the drill pipe includes multiple detachably connected drill pipes, each drill pipe having a fixed male head and a fixed female head at both ends, with the fixed male head and fixed female head of adjacent drill pipes being compatible.

[0016] As a further embodiment, the surface of the drill rod connected to the drill bit is provided with multiple sensors. These sensors are used to monitor the temperature of the drilling space, detect the composition of the cave ahead, monitor the water pressure in the cave, monitor the toxic and harmful gases in the current drilling space, and detect the torque and the reaction force of the drill motor.

[0017] As a further embodiment, a transition drill rod is provided near the drill rod of the rotary joint. One end of the transition drill rod is connected to the rotary joint, and the other end is connected to the drill rod. The transition drill rod includes a wear-resistant fixing component, a wear-resistant connecting sleeve, and a connecting component connected in sequence. The wear-resistant fixing component is detachably connected to the rotary joint, and the connecting component is detachably connected to the drill rod.

[0018] As an alternative implementation, the high-pressure water pipeline and / or the mixed abrasive medium channel inside the drill rod near the rotary joint is connected to a diverter valve, which divides the corresponding channel into two or three, so as to connect to the corresponding channel / passage of other parts.

[0019] As an alternative implementation, the water jet nozzle is provided with two parallel high-pressure jet channels and two parallel abrasive mixing channels inside, and the abrasive mixing channels are respectively connected to a high-pressure jet channel through a transition pipe.

[0020] Two high-pressure jet channels are symmetrically arranged inside the water jet nozzle, and two abrasive mixing channels are symmetrically arranged inside the water jet nozzle. The abrasive mixing channels and the high-pressure jet channels are evenly distributed between them.

[0021] The transition pipeline is inclined to the high-pressure jet channel / abrasive mixing channel.

[0022] As an alternative implementation, there are two low-pressure water outlets, symmetrically arranged on the side of the drill bit. There are two low-pressure water outlet passages, and the drill bit is provided with matching grooves. The low-pressure water outlet passages are accommodated in the corresponding grooves, and each low-pressure water outlet passage is connected to the corresponding low-pressure water outlet.

[0023] This invention optimizes space design and improves space utilization by installing high-pressure water and abrasive pipelines inside the drill rod and sealing it, while low-pressure water flows through the remaining space inside the drill rod.

[0024] As an alternative implementation, the rotary joint includes a rotating end and a fixed end, with the rotating end sleeved at the center of the fixed end, and the two connected by a flange.

[0025] The fixed end is provided with a mixed abrasive transmission channel and a low-pressure water inlet channel. One end of the low-pressure water inlet channel is connected to the low-pressure water channel inside the drill rod of the combined drilling tool, and the other end is connected to the low-pressure water supply unit.

[0026] One end of the mixed abrasive transmission channel is connected to the pneumatic spiral sand supply system, and a filter membrane is provided at this end of the mixed abrasive transmission channel; the other end is connected to the mixed abrasive medium channel.

[0027] The rotating end is connected to the drill rod of the combined drilling tool, and a high-pressure water passage is opened inside. One end of the high-pressure water passage is connected to the high-pressure water pipeline channel, and the other end is connected to the high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit.

[0028] The working method of the above-mentioned device includes the following steps:

[0029] Transport the drilling equipment to the designated location where drilling is required and connect the various components;

[0030] Assemble the drilling assembly and connect the drilling device and the drilling assembly;

[0031] Turn on the pneumatic spiral abrasive supply system to mix the abrasive.

[0032] Adjust the drilling equipment to position the combined drilling tool at a suitable drilling angle, and start the combined drilling tool;

[0033] High-pressure water jets are provided, and negative pressure is formed by the airflow disturbance when the high-pressure water jets are ejected, which draws in the mixed abrasive and provides it to the combined drilling tool to form a mixed cutting state of abrasive and water jet;

[0034] When the supply distance exceeds the set length, the motor of the pneumatic spiral sand supply system is started to release the mixed abrasive medium that has been stirred and mixed to the rotary transmission joint, so as to realize the active sand supply of mixed abrasive over long distances.

[0035] During the above operations, low-pressure water is supplied to the low-pressure water channel of the combined drilling tool periodically or irregularly, flowing into the low-pressure water outlet channel and being discharged from the low-pressure water outlet to achieve slag removal.

[0036] As an alternative implementation method, the mathematical model for the relationship between transmission distance and other parameters is: L=η*ρ*P*S;

[0037] Where L is the distance the mixed medium needs to be transported, η is an undetermined coefficient, ρ is the density of the medium, P is the pump pressure provided, and S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipeline.

[0038] As an alternative implementation method, during the drilling process, the rock strength is calculated based on the force on the drill rod rotary motor and the drilling thrust of the drilling rig's drilling thrust cylinder. The specific mathematical model for rock strength is: P = η * N * F; where η is a coefficient; N is the forward thrust of the cylinder; and F is the motor torque.

[0039] The integrity of the rock in front is determined by the uniformity of the force applied.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0041] The spiral stirring device of this invention uniformly mixes the abrasive. By pressurizing the sealed gas tank, the pure sand (abrasive) flows out from the bottom and is ejected from the nozzle through the pipeline. This increases the pressure of the supply pipeline and effectively ensures that the abrasive is mixed evenly, which helps to improve the cutting effect.

[0042] This invention features a quick-release transition drill rod on the drill rod, facilitating easy assembly and disassembly of the drill rod and preventing damage to the rotary joint during disassembly. Furthermore, the high-pressure water pipeline, abrasive mixing medium channel, and / or low-pressure water channel inside the drill rod near the rotary joint are connected to a diverter valve, splitting the corresponding channel in two. This rational pipeline arrangement facilitates practical application.

[0043] This invention provides a combined drilling tool where the water jet nozzle is installed inside the hollow part of the drill bit, without occupying the original space of the drill bit. The drill bit only needs to have outlet holes for high-pressure jet and low-pressure slag discharge fluid; the rest of the structure remains unchanged, without affecting the structural strength and stability of the drill bit. The slag discharge port is located on the side, not in the center, and as the drill bit rotates, the rock cuttings are discharged from the side of the drill bit.

[0044] This invention cleverly utilizes the arrangement in three-dimensional space to achieve the integration of high-pressure water jet and mixed abrasive media within a small-diameter nozzle, as well as the integration of low-pressure, high-flow-rate slag discharge fluid. The water jet nozzle, based on the specific internal space of the drill bit, achieves efficient spatial utilization; thus solving one of the integration difficulties in practical engineering water jet drilling rigs.

[0045] This invention enables rapid connection of drill rods and transmission of high and low pressure water within the borehole; it also enables temperature monitoring of the deep drilling space, composition monitoring of the cave ahead, pressure monitoring of the water in the current cave, and monitoring of toxic and harmful gases in the current drilling space through signals returned by sensors on the drill rod.

[0046] This invention obtains real-time data by monitoring the torque on the sensor and the reaction force on the drilling rig motor, enabling the monitoring of rock integrity and rock strength. Through analysis of the sensor torque and the thrust of the servo motor, uniform force indicates high rock integrity, while uneven force indicates poor rock integrity.

[0047] The present invention adds a filter membrane to the side of the hole in the rotating shaft that transmits the mixed abrasive medium, which can block the abrasive in the mixed medium from passing through and reduce the damage caused by abrasive particles in the mixed medium to high-pressure sealing rings, etc.

[0048] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0049] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0050] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of a water jet combined drilling device according to one embodiment;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a pneumatic spiral sand supply system according to one embodiment;

[0052] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a transition drill pipe structure according to one embodiment;

[0053] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal water jet and sand transport pipeline structure of a drill pipe according to one embodiment;

[0054] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a water jet nozzle structure according to one embodiment;

[0055] Figure 6 This is a simulation diagram of a water jet nozzle structure according to one embodiment.

[0056] Among them, 100 is the water jet nozzle, 200 is the drill rod, 300 is the pneumatic spiral sand supply system, and 400 is the high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit.

[0057] 101. Drill bit;

[0058] 201. High-pressure pipe; 202. Diverter valve; 203. High-pressure water pipe; 205. Abrasive pipeline; 206. Structure of abrasive pipeline after splitting into two; 211. Wear-resistant fastener; 212. Wear-resistant connecting sleeve; 213. Connector; 214. Drill rod.

[0059] 301. Air supply pneumatic, 302. Air inlet pipe, 303. Sand inlet, 304. Sand tank, 305. Spiral agitator, 306. Sand outlet, 307. Sand outlet pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0061] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0062] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0063] Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features described in this application may be combined with each other.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] A water jet combined drilling device, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a combined drilling tool, a drilling rig body, a pneumatic spiral sand supply system 300, a low-pressure water supply unit, and a high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit 400, wherein:

[0066] The drilling rig body is equipped with a combined drilling tool, and the drilling rig body is used to control the movement and operation of the combined drilling tool.

[0067] The combined drilling tool, such as Figure 5As shown, the system includes a mechanical drill bit, a drill rod 200, and a water jet nozzle 100. The mechanical drill bit and the drill rod 200 are connected. The water jet nozzle 100 is disposed on the end face of the mechanical drill bit. The water jet nozzle 100 has several high-pressure jet channels, an abrasive mixing channel, and a low-pressure water outlet channel. The drill rod 200 has corresponding high-pressure water pipeline channels, abrasive mixing medium channels, and low-pressure water channels, which are connected to each channel / pathway. The abrasive mixing channel and the high-pressure jet channel are connected. The end face of the water jet nozzle 100 has several water jet outlets, and the outer side of the end face has several low-pressure water outlets. The water jet outlets are connected to the corresponding high-pressure jet channels. The low-pressure water outlets are connected to the corresponding low-pressure water outlet channels.

[0068] The high-pressure water pipeline is connected to the high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit 400 via a rotary joint.

[0069] The low-pressure water channel is connected to the low-pressure water supply unit via a rotary joint;

[0070] The mixed abrasive media channel is connected via a rotary joint and a pneumatic spiral sand supply system 300.

[0071] The pneumatic spiral sand supply system 300, such as Figure 3 As shown, it includes a pressurizing device, a sand jar, and a spiral stirring device. The spiral stirring device is installed inside the sand jar to uniformly mix the abrasive inside the sand jar. The pressurizing device is connected to the sand jar to provide pressure to the sand jar, so that the abrasive is pressurized and sent out from the sand outlet pipe to flow into the mixed abrasive medium channel.

[0072] In this embodiment, the sand outlet pipe is located at the bottom of the sand tank, and the upper part of the sand tank is provided with an air inlet pipe. The air inlet pipe and the pressurization device are connected through an air supply pipe.

[0073] In this embodiment, the drill rod 200 includes a plurality of detachably connected drill rods 200, and each drill rod 200 has a fixed male head and a fixed female head at both ends, and the fixed male head and fixed female head of adjacent drill rods 200 are compatible.

[0074] In some implementations, drill rods are quickly connected in two ways. First, when connecting drill rods, the male and female heads that position and provide torque inside the drill rod are connected. Inside, there is an ultra-high pressure hard steel pipe and a mixed media abrasive pipe, which seals the ultra-high pressure water and abrasive media. The remaining space inside the drill rod is filled with low pressure water.

[0075] The above method enables the transmission of high-pressure water within the borehole. The internal high-pressure pipeline and abrasive pipeline are integrated onto the drill rod. When the drill rod is positioned and the torque-resistant male and female connectors are aligned, the internal pipelines are also aligned. Secondly, after alignment, a high-strength fixing buckle is engaged at the drill rod connection point to clamp the drill rod, achieving rapid connection. This solution allows for rapid connection between drill rods and between internal high and low-pressure pipelines, enabling ultra-long and ultra-fast drilling.

[0076] In some embodiments, the surface of the drill rod 200 connected to the drill bit is provided with multiple sensors. These sensors are used to monitor the temperature of the drilling space, detect the composition of the cave ahead, monitor the water pressure in the cave, monitor the toxic and harmful gases in the current drilling space, and detect the torque and the reaction force of the drill motor.

[0077] like Figure 3 As shown, a transition drill rod is provided near the drill rod 200 of the rotary joint. One end of the transition drill rod is connected to the rotary joint, and the other end is connected to the drill rod. The transition drill rod includes a wear-resistant fixing component 211, a wear-resistant connecting sleeve 212, and a connecting component 213 connected in sequence. The wear-resistant fixing component 211 is detachably connected to the rotary joint, and the connecting component 213 is detachably connected to the drill rod. Since the pipeline connection process may encounter the possibility of repeated disassembly and reassembly at the rotary center, which could easily lead to damage, a wear-resistant sleeve is added. This wear-resistant sleeve allows for quick assembly and disassembly of the drill rod. The connecting components for the internal pipelines of the drill rod are also located here, facilitating quick assembly and disassembly of the high-pressure water and abrasive pipelines inside the drill rod for subsequent maintenance.

[0078] In this embodiment, the high-pressure water pipeline channel and / or the mixed abrasive medium channel located near the rotary joint are connected to a diverter valve, which divides the corresponding channel into two or three.

[0079] like Figure 4 As shown, the high-pressure pipe 201 (short for the high-pressure water pipeline channel) can be split into two or three sections via a diverter valve 202, forming at least two high-pressure water pipes 203. Similarly, the abrasive pipeline 205 (short for the mixed abrasive media channel) can be split into two pipelines via a diverter valve, forming a two-part abrasive pipeline structure 206, which can then be connected to corresponding channels / paths in other parts. This design features high pipeline integration, allowing for multiple pipelines in one section, and enabling clever pipeline layout according to specific needs.

[0080] Of course, in other embodiments, the diverter valve can be replaced with other devices, such as a tee valve.

[0081] In this embodiment, a cavity is provided inside the drill bit, and a water jet nozzle 100 is provided inside the cavity. Several through holes are provided at the center of the drill bit end face to adapt to the water jet nozzle 100. The water jet nozzle 100 is provided with two parallel high-pressure jet channels and two parallel abrasive mixing channels inside. The abrasive mixing channels are respectively connected to a high-pressure jet channel through a transition pipe.

[0082] Two high-pressure jet channels are symmetrically arranged inside the water jet nozzle 100, and two abrasive mixing channels are symmetrically arranged inside the water jet nozzle 100. The abrasive mixing channels and the high-pressure jet channels are 90 degrees apart.

[0083] The transition pipeline is inclined to the high-pressure jet channel / abrasive mixing channel.

[0084] In this embodiment, the water jet nozzle 100 has two spray ports on its end face, each of which is connected to a high-pressure jet channel; the drill bit has multiple low-pressure water outlets on its side, located on different sides, such as... Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the red part is the low-pressure water outlet, which is not located in the center, but on the side.

[0085] Two low-pressure water outlet passages are also provided inside the drill bit or drill rod 200, arranged side by side, with each low-pressure water outlet passage connected to a corresponding low-pressure water outlet. For example... Figure 5 As shown, a groove can be provided on the drill bit, and the low-pressure pipeline is located in the groove.

[0086] like Figure 2 As shown, the pneumatic spiral sand supply system 300 of this embodiment has a sand inlet 303 at the top of the sand tank 304, and the upper part is connected to the air supply pneumatic 301 through the air inlet pipe 302. The sand tank 304 is also equipped with a spiral stirring device 305, and the bottom of the sand tank 304 is equipped with a sand outlet 306, which is connected to the sand outlet pipe 307. During operation, the abrasive is first added through the sand inlet 303, and then the sand tank is sealed and pressurized inward. Air is added from the top, and the air pressure in the entire sealed air tank rises, forcing the abrasive out from the bottom. However, due to the unevenness of the sand output, the spiral stirring device 305 is added. Its purpose is to mix the abrasive evenly in the air tank and then pressurize and deliver it evenly.

[0087] The rotary joint in this embodiment includes a rotating end and a fixed end. The rotating end is sleeved at the center of the fixed end, and the two are connected by a flange.

[0088] The fixed end is provided with a mixed abrasive transmission channel and a low-pressure water inlet channel. One end of the low-pressure water inlet channel is connected to the low-pressure water channel inside the drill rod 200 of the combined drilling tool, and the other end is connected to the low-pressure water supply unit.

[0089] One end of the mixed abrasive transmission channel is connected to the pneumatic spiral sand supply system 300, and a filter membrane is provided at this end of the mixed abrasive transmission channel; the other end is connected to the mixed abrasive medium channel.

[0090] The rotating end is connected to the drill rod of the combined drilling tool, and a high-pressure water passage is opened inside. One end of the high-pressure water passage is connected to the high-pressure water pipeline channel, and the other end is connected to the high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit 400.

[0091] Example 2

[0092] The operating method of the drilling device according to Embodiment 1 includes the following steps:

[0093] Transport the drilling equipment to the designated location where drilling is required and connect the various components;

[0094] Assemble the drilling assembly and connect the drilling device and the drilling assembly;

[0095] Turn on the pneumatic spiral abrasive supply system to mix the abrasive.

[0096] Adjust the drilling equipment to position the combined drilling tool at a suitable drilling angle, and start the combined drilling tool;

[0097] High-pressure water jets are provided, and negative pressure is formed by the airflow disturbance when the high-pressure water jets are ejected, which draws in the mixed abrasive and provides it to the combined drilling tool to form a mixed cutting state of abrasive and water jet;

[0098] When the supply distance exceeds the set length, the motor of the pneumatic spiral sand supply system is started to release the mixed abrasive medium that has been stirred and mixed to the rotary transmission joint, so as to realize the active sand supply of mixed abrasive over long distances.

[0099] During the above operations, low-pressure water is supplied to the low-pressure water channel of the combined drilling tool periodically or irregularly, flowing into the low-pressure water outlet channel and being discharged from the low-pressure water outlet to achieve slag removal.

[0100] The mathematical model relating transmission distance to other parameters is: L = η * ρ * P * S;

[0101] Where L is the distance the mixed medium needs to be transported, η is an undetermined coefficient, ρ is the density of the medium, P is the pump pressure provided, and S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipeline.

[0102] During drilling, the rock strength is calculated based on the force on the drill rod rotating motor and the drilling thrust of the drilling rig's drilling thrust cylinder. The specific mathematical model for rock strength is: P = η * N * F; where η is a coefficient; N is the forward thrust of the cylinder; and F is the motor torque.

[0103] The integrity of the rock in front is determined by the uniformity of the force applied.

[0104] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made by those skilled in the art without creative effort within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water jet combined drilling device, characterized in that, It includes a combined drilling tool, drilling rig body, pneumatic auger sand supply system, low-pressure water supply unit, and high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit, wherein: The drilling rig body is equipped with a combined drilling tool, and the drilling rig body is used to control the movement and operation of the combined drilling tool. The combined drilling tool includes a mechanical drill bit, a drill rod, and a water jet nozzle. The mechanical drill bit and the drill rod are connected. The water jet nozzle is disposed on the end face of the mechanical drill bit. The water jet nozzle is provided with several high-pressure jet channels, an abrasive mixing channel, and a low-pressure water outlet channel. The drill rod is correspondingly provided with a high-pressure water pipeline channel, a mixed abrasive medium channel, and a low-pressure water channel, which are respectively connected to each channel / path. The abrasive mixing channel and the high-pressure jet channel are connected. Several water jet outlets are provided on the end face of the water jet nozzle, and several low-pressure water outlets are provided on the side of the drill bit. The water jet outlets are connected to the corresponding high-pressure jet channels. The low-pressure water outlets are connected to the corresponding low-pressure water outlet channels. The high-pressure water pipeline is connected to the high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit via a rotary joint. The low-pressure water channel is connected to the low-pressure water supply unit via a rotary joint; The mixed abrasive media channel is connected via a rotary joint and a pneumatic spiral sand supply system; The pneumatic spiral sand supply system includes a pressurizing device, a sand tank, and a spiral stirring device. The spiral stirring device is installed inside the sand tank to uniformly mix the abrasive in the sand tank. The pressurizing device is connected to the sand tank to provide pressure to the sand tank, so that the abrasive is pressurized and sent out from the sand outlet pipe and flows into the mixed abrasive medium channel. The water jet nozzle is provided with two parallel high-pressure jet channels and two parallel abrasive mixing channels. The abrasive mixing channels are connected to a high-pressure jet channel through a transition pipe. Two high-pressure jet channels are symmetrically arranged inside the water jet nozzle, and two abrasive mixing channels are symmetrically arranged inside the water jet nozzle. The abrasive mixing channels and the high-pressure jet channels are 90 degrees apart. The transition pipeline is inclined to the high-pressure jet channel / abrasive mixing channel; The rotary joint includes a rotating end and a fixed end, with the rotating end sleeved at the center of the fixed end, and the two are connected by a flange. The fixed end is provided with a mixed abrasive transmission channel and a low-pressure water inlet channel. One end of the low-pressure water inlet channel is connected to the low-pressure water channel inside the drill rod of the combined drilling tool, and the other end is connected to the low-pressure water supply unit. One end of the mixed abrasive transmission channel is connected to the pneumatic spiral sand supply system, and a filter membrane is provided at this end of the mixed abrasive transmission channel; the other end is connected to the mixed abrasive medium channel. The rotating end is connected to the drill rod of the combined drilling tool, and a high-pressure water passage is opened inside. One end of the high-pressure water passage is connected to the high-pressure water pipeline channel, and the other end is connected to the high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit.

2. The water jet combined drilling device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sand outlet pipe is located at the bottom of the sand tank, and the upper part of the sand tank is provided with an air inlet pipe. The air inlet pipe and the pressurization device are connected through an air supply pipe.

3. The water jet combined drilling device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The drill pipe includes multiple detachably connected drill pipes, each drill pipe having a fixed male head and a fixed female head at both ends, with the fixed male and fixed female heads of adjacent drill pipes being compatible.

4. The water jet combined drilling device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, and The drill rod connected to the drill bit is equipped with multiple sensors on its surface. These sensors are used to monitor the temperature of the drilling space, detect the composition of the cave ahead, monitor the water pressure inside the cave, monitor the toxic and harmful gases in the current drilling space, and detect the torque and the reaction force of the drill motor.

5. The water jet combined drilling device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A transition drill rod is provided near the drill rod of the rotary joint. One end of the transition drill rod is connected to the rotary joint, and the other end is connected to the drill rod. The transition drill rod includes a wear-resistant fixing component, a wear-resistant connecting sleeve, and a connecting component connected in sequence. The wear-resistant fixing component is detachably connected to the rotary joint, and the connecting component is detachably connected to the drill rod.

6. The water jet combined drilling device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The high-pressure water pipeline and / or the mixed abrasive medium channel inside the drill rod near the rotary joint is connected to a diverter valve, which divides the corresponding channel into two or three, so as to connect to the corresponding channel / passage of other parts.

7. The water jet combined drilling device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, There are two low-pressure water outlets, which are located on the side / edge of the drill bit. There are two low-pressure water outlet passages. The drill bit is provided with matching grooves. The low-pressure water outlet passages are accommodated in the corresponding grooves. Each low-pressure water outlet passage is connected to the corresponding low-pressure water outlet.

8. A method of operating the apparatus based on any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Transport the drilling equipment to the designated location where drilling is required and connect the various components; Assemble the drilling assembly and connect the drilling device and the drilling assembly; Turn on the pneumatic spiral abrasive supply system to mix the abrasive. Adjust the drilling equipment to position the combined drilling tool at a suitable drilling angle, and start the combined drilling tool; High-pressure water jets are provided, and negative pressure is formed by the airflow disturbance when the high-pressure water jets are ejected, which draws in the mixed abrasive and provides it to the combined drilling tool to form a mixed cutting state of abrasive and water jet; When the supply distance exceeds the set length, the motor of the pneumatic spiral sand supply system is started to release the mixed abrasive medium that has been stirred and mixed to the rotary transmission joint, so as to realize the active sand supply of mixed abrasive over long distances. During the above operations, low-pressure water is supplied to the low-pressure water channel of the combined drilling tool periodically or irregularly, flowing into the low-pressure water outlet channel and being discharged from the low-pressure water outlet to achieve slag removal.

9. The working method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The mathematical model for the relationship between transmission distance and other parameters is as follows: ; Where L is the distance the mixed medium needs to be transported, η is an undetermined coefficient, ρ is the density of the medium, P is the pump pressure provided, and S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipeline.

10. The working method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, in During drilling, the rock strength is calculated based on the force on the drill rod rotating motor and the drilling thrust of the drilling rig's drilling thrust cylinder. The specific mathematical model for rock strength is: P=η*N*F; where η is a coefficient; N is the forward thrust of the cylinder; and F is the motor torque. The integrity of the rock in front is determined by the uniformity of the force applied.

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