A waterjet mechanical combined drilling tool, drilling and rock-breaking drilling rig and method

Abstract

This invention provides a waterjet-mechanical combined drilling tool, a drilling rig for rock breaking, and a method. The waterjet nozzle has two parallel high-pressure jet channels and two parallel abrasive mixing channels internally. The abrasive mixing channels and high-pressure jet channels are staggered, and each abrasive mixing channel is connected to a high-pressure jet channel via a transition pipe. The waterjet nozzle also has several low-pressure water outlet channels internally. The end face of the waterjet nozzle has two corresponding waterjet outlets and several low-pressure water outlets. Each waterjet outlet is connected to a corresponding high-pressure jet channel. The low-pressure water outlets are connected to corresponding low-pressure water outlet channels to form a slag discharge path. This invention enables combined drilling of hard rock using waterjet drilling tools, rapid drill rod replacement, and long-distance active abrasive transmission during normal equipment operation, thereby achieving rapid and ultra-long tunneling and facilitating advanced geological exploration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of drilling and rock breaking technology, specifically relating to a water jet mechanical combined drilling tool, a drilling and rock breaking drilling machine and method. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Based on their functions and characteristics, existing drilling rigs are mainly divided into impact drilling rigs and rotary drilling rigs. Both are suitable for various geological conditions, and both types of rock-breaking drilling rigs have advantages such as strong breaking capacity and high operating efficiency. They have been widely used in various fields such as underground engineering and energy.

[0004] However, in practical applications, when the above-mentioned equipment comes into contact with hard rock and ultra-high strength hard rock, the drilling efficiency is very low, the drilling speed is very slow, and the drilling equipment is easily damaged when it comes into contact with hard rock, making the drilling cost very high. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a waterjet-mechanical combined drilling tool, a rock-breaking drilling rig, and a method. This invention enables combined drilling of hard rock with waterjet drilling tools, rapid drill rod replacement, and long-distance active abrasive transmission during normal equipment operation, thereby achieving rapid and ultra-long tunneling and facilitating advanced geological exploration.

[0006] According to some embodiments, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A waterjet mechanical drilling tool includes an alloy drill bit, an alloy drill pipe, and a waterjet nozzle, wherein:

[0008] One end of the alloy drill rod is connected to the alloy drill bit;

[0009] The alloy drill bit has a cavity inside, and the water jet nozzle is disposed in the cavity. The center of the end face of the alloy drill bit is provided with several through holes to be adapted to the water jet nozzle.

[0010] The water jet nozzle is provided with several high-pressure jet channels and several abrasive mixing channels. The abrasive mixing channels and high-pressure jet channels are arranged alternately, and the abrasive mixing channels are connected to the corresponding high-pressure jet channels through transition pipes.

[0011] The water jet nozzle is also equipped with several low-pressure water outlet passages inside;

[0012] The water jet nozzle has several corresponding water jet outlets and several low-pressure water outlets on its end face. The water jet outlets are connected to the corresponding high-pressure jet channels; the low-pressure water outlets are connected to the corresponding low-pressure water outlet channels to form a slag discharge path.

[0013] In the above scheme, the water jet nozzle is installed in the hollow part of the drill bit, without occupying the original space of the drill bit. The center of the drill bit is opened with water outlet holes for high-pressure jet and low-pressure slag discharge fluid as needed. The rest of the structure is not changed, and the structural strength and stability of the drill bit are not affected. Slag can also be discharged through the low-pressure water channel opened in the center of the drill bit. Water enters through the center, and as the drill bit rotates, the rock slag is discharged from the side of the drill bit.

[0014] As an alternative implementation, the outer end of the water jet nozzle is stepped, with the diameter of the portion near the alloy drill rod being larger than the diameter of the portion away from the alloy drill rod.

[0015] The high-pressure jet outlet side of the water jet nozzle is equipped with wear-resistant components, and this side is fixed by a nozzle pressure ring.

[0016] As an alternative implementation, the alloy drill rod and the alloy drill bit are detachably connected.

[0017] As an alternative implementation, the alloy drill rod includes multiple sections, each section having a fixed male head and a fixed female head at both ends, the fixed male head and the fixed female head being compatible; a locking element is provided between adjacent drill rods.

[0018] As a further step, the locking element includes a fixing buckle disposed at one end of the drill rod and a locking buckle disposed at the other end of the drill rod, wherein the locking buckle and the fixing buckle are detachably connected.

[0019] As an alternative implementation, the alloy drill rod includes multiple sections, each section of the drill rod being hollow inside to accommodate a high-pressure water pipeline channel, a mixed abrasive media channel, and a low-pressure water channel. The high-pressure water pipeline channel and the high-pressure jet channel form a connecting passage, the mixed abrasive media channel and the abrasive mixing channel form a connecting passage, and the low-pressure water channel and the low-pressure water outlet channel form a connecting passage.

[0020] In some implementations, drill rods are quickly connected via a two-step process. First, during connection, the male and female fittings for positioning and torque supply within the drill rod are aligned. Internally, there is an ultra-high-pressure hard steel pipe and a mixed-media abrasive pipe, sealing the high-pressure water and abrasive media, while the remaining space in the borehole carries low-pressure water. This method enables the transmission of high and low-pressure water within the borehole. The internal high-pressure and low-pressure pipes are integrated into the drill rod; when the male and female fittings for positioning and torque supply are aligned, the internal pipes are also aligned. Second, after alignment, a high-strength fixing buckle is engaged at the drill rod connection point to clamp the drill rod, achieving rapid connection. This solution enables rapid connection between drill rods and between internal high and low-pressure pipes, allowing for ultra-long and ultra-fast drilling.

[0021] As an alternative implementation, a plurality of sensors are provided on the surface of the drill rod near the alloy drill bit. These sensors are used to monitor the temperature of the drilling space, detect the composition of the cave ahead, monitor the water pressure in the cave, monitor the toxic and harmful gases in the current drilling space, and detect the torque and the reaction force of the drill motor.

[0022] As an alternative implementation, the water jet nozzle is provided with two parallel high-pressure jet channels and two parallel abrasive mixing channels inside, and the abrasive mixing channels are respectively connected to one of the high-pressure jet channels through a transition pipe.

[0023] Two high-pressure jet channels are symmetrically arranged inside the water jet nozzle, and two abrasive mixing channels are symmetrically arranged inside the water jet nozzle. The abrasive mixing channels and the high-pressure jet channels are 90 degrees apart.

[0024] The transition pipeline is inclined to the high-pressure jet channel / abrasive mixing channel.

[0025] The above scheme cleverly utilizes the arrangement in three-dimensional space to achieve the integration of two high-pressure water jets and two mixed abrasive media under a small nozzle diameter, as well as the integration of low-pressure, high-flow slag discharge fluid. The water jet nozzle achieves efficient space utilization based on the specific internal space of the drill bit, solving one of the integration difficulties of water jet drilling rigs in actual engineering.

[0026] As an alternative implementation, there are three low-pressure water outlets arranged side by side on the end face of the water jet nozzle / alloy drill bit, and two low-pressure water outlet passages arranged side by side inside the water jet nozzle, with each low-pressure water outlet passage connected to a portion of the two low-pressure water outlets.

[0027] As an alternative implementation, the inner diameter of the drill rod is smaller than the outer diameter of the water jet nozzle.

[0028] In the above solution, the inner diameter of the drill rod is machined to be smaller than the outer diameter of the water jet nozzle. After the water jet nozzle is installed inside the drill bit, the drill rod is connected to the drill bit. When the drill rod is tightened, a fixed platform can be formed because the diameter of the drill rod is smaller than the diameter of the water jet nozzle. The drill rod is used to press the water jet nozzle. Through the above fixing method, both the connection and fixing of the drill rod and the drill bit are achieved, and the fixing of the water jet nozzle inside the drill bit is also achieved.

[0029] A drilling and rock-breaking rig includes the aforementioned water jet mechanical drilling tool, the rig body, a media equalization and transmission system, a low-pressure water supply unit, and a high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit, wherein:

[0030] The drilling rig body is equipped with a water jet mechanical combined drilling tool, which is used to drive and control the movement, position and operation of the water jet mechanical combined drilling tool.

[0031] The high-pressure water pipeline channel of the water jet mechanical combined drilling tool is connected to the high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit through a rotary transmission joint.

[0032] The low-pressure water channel of the waterjet mechanical combined drilling tool is connected to the low-pressure water supply unit via a rotary transmission joint.

[0033] The mixed abrasive medium channel of the waterjet mechanical combined drilling tool is connected to a rotary transmission joint and a medium equalization and transmission system.

[0034] As an alternative implementation, the media equalization and transmission system includes a sand supply bin and a media equalization water-sand mixing bin. The sand supply bin is used to store sand and is connected to the media equalization water-sand mixing bin via a sand inlet pipe. The media equalization water-sand mixing bin is provided with a water inlet and a stirring device. A motor and a mixing media transmission pipe are provided at the lower end of the media equalization water-sand mixing bin. The motor is used to transport the mixed abrasive to the mixing media transmission pipe, and the mixing media transmission pipe is connected to the rotary transmission joint.

[0035] As an alternative implementation, the rotary transmission joint includes a rotating end and a fixed end, with the rotating end sleeved at the center of the fixed end, and the two connected by a flange.

[0036] The fixed end is provided with a mixed abrasive transmission channel and a low-pressure water inlet channel. One end of the low-pressure water inlet channel is connected to the low-pressure water channel inside the drill rod of the water jet mechanical combined drill bit, and the other end is connected to the low-pressure water supply unit.

[0037] One end of the mixed abrasive transmission channel is connected to the media equalization and transmission system, and a filter membrane is provided at this end of the mixed abrasive transmission channel; the other end is connected to the mixed abrasive media channel.

[0038] The rotating end is connected to the drill rod of the water jet mechanical combined drilling tool, and a high-pressure water passage is opened inside. One end of the high-pressure water passage is connected to the high-pressure water pipeline channel, and the other end is connected to the high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit.

[0039] As an alternative implementation, the drilling rig body is equipped with a drilling rig angle adjustment device, a drill rod rotation power device, and a drilling rig thrust cylinder.

[0040] A working method based on the above-mentioned drilling and rock-breaking drilling rig includes the following steps:

[0041] Transport the drilling and rock-breaking rig to the designated drilling location, connect the media equalization and transmission system, low-pressure water supply unit and high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit, start the whole machine power supply, turn on the sub-power supply of each equipment control system, and install each system part of the drilling rig in place.

[0042] Assemble the water jet mechanical combined drilling tool and connect the drilling rock breaking drilling rig and the water jet mechanical combined drilling tool;

[0043] Turn on the media equalization and transmission system to mix the abrasive;

[0044] Adjust the drilling rock-breaking rig to position the water jet mechanical drilling tool at a suitable drilling angle, and start the water jet mechanical drilling tool;

[0045] The ultra-high pressure hydrodynamic unit is turned on to provide high-pressure water jet. Based on the airflow disturbance when the high-pressure water jet is ejected, a negative pressure is formed, which draws in the mixed abrasive and provides it to the water jet mechanical combined drill bit, forming a mixed cutting state of abrasive and water jet.

[0046] When the supply distance exceeds the set length, the motor of the medium equalization and transmission system is started, and the mixed abrasive medium after stirring and mixing is released to the rotary transmission joint to realize the active sand supply of mixed abrasive over long distances.

[0047] During the above operations, the low-pressure water supply unit is opened periodically or irregularly to provide low-pressure water to the low-pressure water channel of the water jet mechanical combined drilling tool. The water flows into the low-pressure water outlet channel and is discharged from the low-pressure water outlet to achieve slag removal.

[0048] When drill pipe needs to be spliced, shut down the ultra-high pressure hydrodynamic unit and the medium equalization and transmission system, place the new drill pipe, align the high-pressure water pipeline and low-pressure water channel inside the drill pipe, connect the male and female connectors, and tighten the locking parts to achieve ultra-long drill pipe continuation and rapid splicing of this unit.

[0049] As an alternative implementation method, the mathematical model for the relationship between transmission distance and other parameters is: L=η*ρ*P*S;

[0050] Where L is the distance the mixed medium needs to be transported, η is an undetermined coefficient, ρ is the density of the medium, P is the pump pressure provided by the medium transport system, and S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipeline.

[0051] As an alternative implementation method, during the drilling process, the rock strength is calculated based on the force on the drill rod rotary motor and the drilling thrust of the drilling rig's drilling thrust cylinder. The specific mathematical model for rock strength is: P = η * N * F; where η is a coefficient; N is the forward thrust of the cylinder; and F is the motor torque.

[0052] The integrity of the rock in front is determined by the uniformity of the force applied.

[0053] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0054] This invention provides a novel combined drilling tool integrating a water jet nozzle and a traditional drill bit. The water jet nozzle is installed inside the hollow part of the drill bit, without occupying the space of the original drill bit. A high-pressure jet and a low-pressure slag removal fluid outlet are opened in the center of the drill bit. The rest of the structure remains unchanged, without affecting the structural strength and stability of the drill bit. Slag removal is achieved through a low-pressure water channel in the center of the drill bit; water enters through the center, and as the drill bit rotates, the rock cuttings are discharged from the side of the drill bit.

[0055] In this invention, the inner diameter of the drill rod is smaller than the outer diameter of the water jet nozzle. After the water jet nozzle is installed inside the drill bit, the drill rod is connected to the drill bit. When the drill rod is tightened, a fixed platform is formed because the diameter of the drill rod is smaller than the diameter of the water jet nozzle. The water jet nozzle is pressed by the drill rod. This achieves both the connection and fixation of the drill rod and the drill bit, and the fixation of the water jet nozzle inside the drill bit.

[0056] This invention, through ingenious utilization of three-dimensional spatial arrangement, achieves the integration of two high-pressure water jets and two mixed abrasive media within a small-diameter nozzle, as well as the integration of low-pressure, high-flow-rate slag discharge fluid. The novel water jet nozzle, tailored to the specific internal space of the drill bit, achieves highly efficient spatial utilization. This solves one of the integration challenges in practical engineering water jet drilling rigs.

[0057] This invention can use negative pressure to draw in abrasive within a certain range, which is economical and efficient. When the range is exceeded, the mixed abrasive is supplied to the cutting abrasive by pushing it through a small booster pump, thus ensuring cutting efficiency.

[0058] This invention enables rapid connection of drill rods and transmission of high and low pressure water within the borehole; it also enables temperature monitoring of the deep drilling space, composition monitoring of the cave ahead, pressure monitoring of the water in the current cave, and monitoring of toxic and harmful gases in the current drilling space through signals returned by sensors on the drill rod.

[0059] This invention obtains real-time data by monitoring the torque on the sensor and the reaction force on the drilling rig motor, enabling the monitoring of rock integrity and rock strength. Analysis of the sensor torque and the thrust of the servo motor reveals that uniform force indicates high rock integrity, while uneven force indicates poor rock integrity.

[0060] The present invention adds a filter membrane to the side of the hole in the rotating shaft that transmits the mixed abrasive medium, which can block the abrasive in the mixed medium from passing through and reduce the damage caused by abrasive particles in the mixed medium to high-pressure sealing rings, etc.

[0061] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0062] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0063] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a waterjet drilling rig according to one embodiment;

[0064] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a drill string structure according to one embodiment;

[0065] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a water jet nozzle according to one embodiment;

[0066] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a drill pipe and its cross-sectional structure according to one embodiment;

[0067] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a media equalization and transmission system structure according to one embodiment;

[0068] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a rotary joint structure according to one embodiment;

[0069] Figure 7 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the internal structure of a water jet nozzle according to one embodiment;

[0070] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the internal structure of a water jet nozzle according to one embodiment, taken from another angle.

[0071] Among them, 100 is a waterjet mechanical combined drilling tool;

[0072] 200 is a water jet nozzle;

[0073] 300 is an alloy drill pipe;

[0074] 400 is for media equalization and transmission systems;

[0075] 500 is a rotary transmission connector;

[0076] 600 is a drilling and rock-breaking drilling rig;

[0077] 700 is a high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit;

[0078] 800 is an automatic rod feeding device;

[0079] 101 is the drill bit, and 103 is the water jet nozzle fixing block;

[0080] 201 is a water jet nozzle, 202 is a water jet nozzle fixing block, 203 is a high-pressure jet inlet, 204 is a high-pressure jet outlet, 205 is an abrasive inlet, 206 is a low-pressure inlet, and 207 is a low-pressure outlet.

[0081] 301 is the drill rod, 302 is the sensor, 303 is the male connector, 304 is the female connector, 305 is the retaining buckle, 306 is the locking buckle, 308 is the low-pressure water channel, 309 is the high-pressure water pipeline channel, and 310 is the mixed abrasive media channel.

[0082] 401 is the medium equalization water-sand mixing chamber, 402 is the water inlet, 403 is the sand inlet pipe, 404 is the mixing device, 405 is the motor, 406 is the mixing medium transmission pipe, and 407 is the sand supply chamber.

[0083] 501 is the rotating end, 502 is the fixed end, 503 is the high-pressure water transmission hole, 504 is the low-pressure water inlet, 505 is the mixed abrasive transmission channel, and 506 is the filter membrane.

[0084] 601 is the drilling rig angle adjustment device, 602 is the drill rod rotation power device, and 603 is the drilling rig thrust cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0085] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0086] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0087] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0088] Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features described in this application may be combined with each other.

[0089] Example 1

[0090] A waterjet mechanical drilling tool 100, such as Figure 2 As shown, it consists of three parts: an alloy drill bit (hereinafter referred to as the drill bit), an alloy drill rod 300 (hereinafter referred to as the drill rod), and a water jet nozzle 200.

[0091] One end of the alloy drill rod 300 is connected to an alloy drill bit;

[0092] The alloy drill bit has a cavity inside, and the water jet nozzle 200 is disposed in the cavity. The center of the end face of the alloy drill bit is provided with several through holes to be adapted to the water jet nozzle 200.

[0093] like Figure 3 As shown, the water jet nozzle 200 is provided with two parallel high-pressure jet channels inside. One end of the high-pressure jet channel is a high-pressure jet inlet 203, and the other end is a high-pressure jet outlet 204. There are also two parallel abrasive mixing channels. One end of the abrasive mixing channel is an abrasive inlet 205, and the other end is connected to the corresponding high-pressure jet channel through a transition pipe. The abrasive mixing channel and the high-pressure jet channel are arranged alternately.

[0094] The water jet nozzle 200 is also provided with several low-pressure water outlet passages. One end of the low-pressure water outlet passage is a low-pressure water inlet 206, and the other end is a low-pressure water outlet 207.

[0095] The water jet nozzle 200 has two corresponding water jet outlets and several low-pressure water outlets 207 on its end face. The water jet outlets are respectively connected to the corresponding high-pressure jet channels; the low-pressure water outlets are connected to the corresponding low-pressure water outlet channels to form a slag discharge path.

[0096] The water jet nozzle 200 is installed inside the hollow part of the drill bit via the water jet nozzle fixing block 202, without occupying the original space of the drill bit. A high-pressure jet and low-pressure slag removal fluid outlet hole needs to be opened in the center of the drill bit. The rest of the structure remains unchanged, without affecting the structural strength and stability of the drill bit. Slag removal is achieved through a low-pressure water channel in the center of the drill bit. Water enters through the center, and as the drill bit rotates, the rock cuttings are discharged from the side of the drill bit.

[0097] The method of fixing the water jet nozzle 200 is also quite ingenious. Through high-precision machining, space is reserved in the drill bit for installing and removing the water jet nozzle 200. During machining, the inner diameter of the drill rod 301 is machined to be smaller than the outer diameter of the water jet nozzle 200. After the water jet nozzle 200 is installed inside the drill bit, the drill rod 301 is connected. When the drill rod 301 is tightened, because the diameter of the drill rod 301 is smaller than the diameter of the water jet nozzle 200, a fixing platform is formed, and the water jet nozzle 200 is pressed tightly by the drill rod 301. Through the above fixing method, both the connection and fixation of the drill rod 301 and the drill bit are achieved, and the water jet nozzle 200 is fixed inside the drill bit.

[0098] like Figure 7 As shown, the internal structure of the water jet nozzle 200 includes: two high-pressure water pipe channels 309, two mixed abrasive media channels 310, two low-pressure water channels 308, and three low-pressure water outlets 207. The two high-pressure water pipe channels 309 are symmetrically distributed within the water jet nozzle 200 by utilizing three-dimensional space. The two mixed abrasive media channels 310 are also evenly distributed within the water jet nozzle 200, at a 90-degree angle to the high-pressure water pipe channels 309.

[0099] like Figure 8 As shown, the internal route of the mixed abrasive medium channel 310 connects to the high-pressure water pipeline channel 309 via a three-dimensional oblique insertion (i.e., transition pipeline) to form a three-way loop for abrasive transfer. The high-pressure jet outlet side of the water jet nozzle 200 still retains wear-resistant components, which are spirally fixed to the outside by a nozzle pressure ring.

[0100] Two low-pressure water inlets 206 are evenly distributed in the remaining space inside the high-pressure jet water inlet 203 and the abrasive sand inlet 205. Multiple low-pressure water outlets 207 are designed, which enter through the two low-pressure water inlets 206 and are discharged through the low-pressure water outlets 207.

[0101] At the point where the high-pressure water inside the water jet nozzle 200 comes into contact with the abrasive pipeline, the pressure change caused by the high-pressure jet will create a negative pressure to actively draw in the abrasive. However, this negative pressure weakens as the sand conveying distance increases. Therefore, in this embodiment, the abrasive is drawn in by negative pressure within 30 meters. Alternatively, the abrasive medium can be directly transported using a small booster pump without using negative pressure. When the distance exceeds 30 meters, the mixed abrasive is supplied to the cutting abrasive by pushing it through a small booster pump.

[0102] On the other hand, drill pipe 301 and drill bit are fixed by threads.

[0103] In some embodiments, a rubber buffer pad is provided inside the combined drilling tool at the drill bit and water jet nozzle 200 to prevent the impact of vibration during drilling on the sand guide tube of the water jet nozzle 200.

[0104] like Figure 4 As shown, drill rods 301 and 301 are connected quickly in two ways. First, when connecting drill rods, the male head 303 and female head 304, which are internally positioned and provide torque, are connected to each other. There is an ultra-high pressure hard steel pipe and a mixed media abrasive pipe inside, which seals the ultra-high pressure water and abrasive media. The remaining space in the hole is filled with low pressure water of 3-6 MPa.

[0105] The above method enables the transmission of high and low pressure water within the borehole. The internal high-pressure and low-pressure pipelines are integrated on the drill pipe. When the drill pipe is positioned and the male connector 303 and female connector 304, which provide torque resistance, are connected, the internal pipelines are also connected.

[0106] Secondly, after the connection is completed, the fixing buckle 305 and locking buckle 306 at the drill pipe connection are engaged to clamp the drill pipe and achieve rapid connection. This method enables rapid connection between drill pipes and between internal high and low pressure pipelines, laying the foundation for ultra-long and ultra-fast drilling.

[0107] The drill rod is manually placed next to the equipment where the drill rod needs to be connected. Then, an automatic rod feeding device 800 is set on the drilling machine to automatically feed the drill rod over. The drill rod is then fixed in place, and work continues.

[0108] Multiple sensors 302 are placed at the front end of the drill rod 301. The signals returned by the sensors 302 on the drill rod 301 can be used to monitor the temperature of the deep drilling space, the composition of the cave ahead, the pressure of the water in the current cave, and the toxic and harmful gases in the current drilling space.

[0109] In addition, by monitoring the torque on sensor 302 and the reaction force on the drilling rig motor, real-time data can be obtained, enabling the monitoring of rock integrity and rock strength. Analysis of the torque on sensor 302 and the thrust on the drilling rig motor shows that uniform force indicates high rock integrity, while uneven force indicates poor rock integrity.

[0110] A calculation model for rock strength can be obtained using sensor data. Rock strength P:

[0111] P = η * N * F;

[0112] Where η is an undetermined coefficient; N is the forward thrust of the hydraulic cylinder; and F is the motor torque.

[0113] Example 2

[0114] like Figure 1 As shown, a drilling and rock-breaking rig 600 (which can be simply referred to as a drilling rig) includes a water jet mechanical combined drilling tool 100 provided in Embodiment 1, a drilling rig body, a media equalization and transmission system 400, a low-pressure water supply unit, and a high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit 700, wherein:

[0115] The drilling rig body is equipped with a water jet mechanical combined drilling tool 100, which is used to drive and control the movement, position and operation of the water jet mechanical combined drilling tool 100.

[0116] The high-pressure water pipeline channel 309 of the water jet mechanical combined drilling tool 100 is connected to the high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit 700 through a rotary transmission joint 500.

[0117] The low-pressure water channel 308 of the water jet mechanical combined drill 100 is connected to the low-pressure water supply unit via a rotary transmission joint 500.

[0118] The mixed abrasive medium channel 310 of the waterjet mechanical combined drill 100 is connected to the medium equalization and transmission system 400 via a rotary transmission joint 500.

[0119] like Figure 5 As shown, the media equalization and transmission system 400 includes a sand supply bin and a media equalization water-sand mixing bin 401 (which can be simply referred to as a mixing bin). The sand supply bin is used to store sand and is connected to the media equalization water-sand mixing bin 401 via a sand inlet pipe 403. The media equalization water-sand mixing bin 401 is provided with a water inlet 402. The media equalization water-sand mixing bin 401 is provided with a stirring device 404. The lower end of the media equalization water-sand mixing bin 401 is provided with a motor 405 and a mixing media transmission pipe 406. The motor 405 is used to transport the mixed abrasive to the mixing media transmission pipe 406. The mixing media transmission pipe 406 is connected to the rotary transmission joint 500.

[0120] The main function of the media equalization and transmission system 400 is to provide mixed abrasive to the high-pressure jet during ultra-long-distance drilling, thereby enabling rock breaking through the water jet mixed abrasive. The media equalization and transmission system 400 consists of several parts, including a sand supply chamber 407, a media equalization water-sand mixing chamber 401, and a motor 405. Abrasive is added to the sand supply chamber 407, the sand inlet 403 of the sand supply chamber 407 is closed, and the air pump is turned on, actively adding abrasive to the media equalization water-sand mixing chamber 401. A water inlet 402 is located on the upper side of the media equalization water-sand mixing chamber 401, allowing water to enter from the top, while abrasive sand enters from the side. Water and abrasive are transported to the media equalization water-sand mixing chamber 401 in a specific ratio, where they are thoroughly mixed by a stirring device 404 inside the media equalization water-sand mixing chamber 401. After thorough mixing, the motor 405 transmits the mixed medium through the pipeline to the abrasive inlet 205 of the water jet nozzle 200, thereby achieving the mixing of abrasive water jets and enabling combined cutting and drilling.

[0121] Based on the following model, a mathematical model for drilling length and key transmission parameters can be obtained.

[0122] The model for the transmission distance of the media equalization and transmission system and the pump pressure provided by motor 405 is as follows:

[0123] L = η * ρ * P * S;

[0124] Where L is the distance the mixed medium needs to be transported; η is an undetermined coefficient; ρ is the density of the medium; P is the pump pressure provided by the medium transport system; and S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipeline.

[0125] like Figure 6 As shown, the rotary transmission joint 500 (or rotary center) includes a rotating end 501 and a fixed end 502. The rotating end 501 is sleeved at the center of the fixed end 502, and the two are connected by a flange.

[0126] The fixed end 502 is provided with a mixed abrasive transmission channel 505 and a low-pressure water inlet channel. One end of the low-pressure water inlet channel is connected to the low-pressure water channel 308 inside the drill rod 301 of the water jet mechanical combined drill 100, and the other end is a low-pressure water inlet 504, which is connected to the low-pressure water supply unit.

[0127] One end of the mixed abrasive transmission channel 505 is connected to the media equalization and transmission system 400, and a filter membrane 506 is provided at this end of the mixed abrasive transmission channel 505. The other end is connected to the mixed abrasive media channel 310.

[0128] The rotating end 501 is connected to the drill rod 301 of the water jet mechanical combined drill 100. A high-pressure water passage is opened inside. One end of the high-pressure water passage is connected to the high-pressure water pipeline channel 309, and the other end is a high-pressure water transmission hole 503, which is connected to the high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit 700.

[0129] In some embodiments, a three-way valve is installed on the pipeline between the rotary transmission joint 500 and the medium equalization and transmission system 400 to add an air path, and a solenoid valve control switch is configured. When the equipment is started and stopped at a low pressure, water may flow back into the abrasive pipeline. The solenoid valve control switch can be used to introduce gas into the air path when the equipment is started and stopped at a low pressure to prevent the abrasive from being blocked.

[0130] The drilling rig body is equipped with a drilling rig angle adjustment device 601, a drill rod rotation power device 602, and a drilling rig thrust cylinder 603. For the above-mentioned components of the drilling rig or other parts not described in detail, existing technologies can be used, and will not be elaborated here.

[0131] Example 3

[0132] The drilling rig provided in Example 2 performs the following cutting steps.

[0133] Transport the drilling rig 600 and all its components to the designated drilling location, connect the power cord, and provide the required water supply. Start the main power supply to the equipment, turn on the individual power supplies for each control system, and install all system components of the drilling rig into place.

[0134] The water jet mechanical drilling tool 100 has been installed and debugged, the water jet nozzle 200 has been fixed, and all pipelines have been connected.

[0135] The media equalization and transmission system 400 is turned on, and the abrasive in the water supply and sand supply chamber 407 is transmitted to the mixing chamber through the pipeline. The water and abrasive are mixed in a specific ratio to obtain a water-sand mixed media. In order to prevent the mixed media from settling, the agitator is turned on before the motor 405 is started, so that the water and sand in the mixing chamber are kept in a relatively balanced mixed state, and wait for the motor 405 to release the thrust signal.

[0136] Adjust the drilling angle using the drilling rig's drilling angle adjustment device, turn on the drill bit rotation power source, and activate the drilling thrust cylinder.

[0137] At this point, the ultra-high pressure water power unit is activated, and ultra-high pressure water is transmitted through pipelines to the high-pressure water inlet of the rotary joint. Through the dynamic-static separation at the rotation center, the ultra-high pressure water is transmitted in a rotating manner to the ultra-high pressure water inlet of the water jet nozzle 200, and then ejected from the high-pressure water outlet through the pipeline of the water jet nozzle 200. During the ultra-high pressure water ejection process, due to airflow disturbance at the location between the pipeline and the abrasive delivery port, a negative pressure suction force is formed at the abrasive input end, actively drawing out the abrasive and providing it to the high-pressure jet to form a mixed cutting state of abrasive water jet, greatly improving cutting capability. Experiments have shown that this method can be used to supply abrasive for drilling distances within 30 meters. When the supply distance exceeds 30 meters, the motor 405 of the media equalization and transmission system 400 is activated, releasing the well-mixed abrasive media to the sand inlet 403 of the rotary transmission joint 500. An abrasive particle filter membrane is added at the dynamic-static separation sand path of the rotary joint to block fine particles from passing through, protecting key components such as the sealing ring. The mixed abrasive media is conveyed from the sand outlet through a pipeline to the 205 abrasive delivery port. This enables active sand supply of the mixed abrasive media over long distances, allowing water and the mixed abrasive media to mix, thereby enhancing the rock-breaking and cutting force.

[0138] Because a large amount of rock debris is generated during drilling, if the rock debris is not cleaned in time, blockages and other problems may occur. To avoid the above situation, low-pressure, high-flow-rate slag discharge water is required to be ejected from the center of the drill bit through a rotary transmission joint 500 and a water jet nozzle 200, and the rock debris is carried out from the side of the drill bit.

[0139] Specifically, low-pressure water flows in from the rotary transfer joint 500, undergoes dynamic-static separation, flows out from the rotating end 501 of the rotary transfer joint 500, flows into the low-pressure inlet 206 of the water jet nozzle 200, and is discharged from the low-pressure outlet 207. In addition, to ensure that the sludge discharge liquid can reach the required flow rate, the water jet nozzle 200 contains two low-pressure water paths and three low-pressure outlets 207.

[0140] To achieve ultra-long-distance drilling, rapid drill pipe splicing is essential. The rapid drill pipe splicing method designed in this embodiment is as follows: When drill pipe splicing is required, the high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit 700 is shut down, the medium equalization and transmission system 400 is shut down, the fixing buckle 305 and the drill pipe locking buckle 306 are disconnected, the thrust cylinder is retracted, the drill pipe male end 303 and drill pipe female end 304 separate, the cylinder retracts to the designated position, and the new drill pipe is placed. After the drill pipe is placed in the designated position, the high-pressure water and low-pressure water pipelines inside the drill pipe are aligned, the drill pipe male end 303 and drill pipe female end 304 contact each other, and the fixing buckle 305 and drill pipe locking buckle 306 are locked, thus achieving ultra-long drill pipe continuation and rapid splicing in this unit.

[0141] Multiple sensors 302 are placed on the drill pipe near the water jet mechanical drilling tool 100. These sensors 302 can measure parameters such as the temperature of the space ahead of the drill, the water pressure of the jet, harmful gases ahead of the drill, and the water pressure in the space near the water jet mechanical drilling tool 100. Furthermore, the strength of the rock can be estimated by measuring parameters such as the force on the drill pipe rotary motor and the drilling thrust of the drilling rig's thrust cylinder.

[0142] By analyzing parameters such as the force on the drill pipe rotary motor and the drilling thrust of the drilling rig's thrust cylinder, the integrity of the rock ahead can be determined. If the force is relatively uniform, the rock is relatively intact; if the force analysis shows significant fluctuations, the rock is not intact.

[0143] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made by those skilled in the art without creative effort within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waterjet mechanical drilling tool, characterized in that, Includes alloy drill bits, alloy drill rods, and water jet nozzles, among which: One end of the alloy drill rod is connected to the alloy drill bit; The alloy drill bit has a cavity inside, and the water jet nozzle is disposed in the cavity. The center of the end face of the alloy drill bit is provided with several through holes to be adapted to the water jet nozzle. The water jet nozzle is provided with several high-pressure jet channels and several abrasive mixing channels. The abrasive mixing channels and high-pressure jet channels are arranged alternately, and the abrasive mixing channels are connected to the corresponding high-pressure jet channels through transition pipes. The water jet nozzle is also equipped with several low-pressure water outlet passages inside; The water jet nozzle has several water jet outlets and several low-pressure water outlets on its end face. The water jet outlets are connected to the corresponding high-pressure jet channels. The low-pressure water outlets are connected to the corresponding low-pressure water outlet channels to form a slag discharge path. The alloy drill rod comprises multiple sections, each section of which is hollow inside to accommodate a high-pressure water pipeline channel, a mixed abrasive media channel, and a low-pressure water channel. The high-pressure water pipeline channel and the high-pressure jet channel form a connecting passage, as do the mixed abrasive media channel and the abrasive mixing channel. The low-pressure water channel and the low-pressure water outlet channel form a connecting passage. Alternatively, the inner diameter of the drill rod is smaller than the outer diameter of the water jet nozzle.

2. The waterjet mechanical combined drilling tool as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The outer end of the water jet nozzle is stepped, and the diameter of the part near the alloy drill rod is larger than the diameter of the part away from the alloy drill rod. The high-pressure jet outlet side of the water jet nozzle is provided with wear-resistant components, and this side is fixed by a nozzle pressure ring. Alternatively, a rubber buffer pad may be installed at the water jet nozzle.

3. A waterjet mechanical combined drilling tool as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The alloy drill rod and the alloy drill bit are detachably connected; Alternatively, the alloy drill rod comprises multiple sections, each section having a fixed male head and a fixed female head at both ends, the fixed male head and the fixed female head being compatible; a locking element is provided between adjacent drill rods; The locking component includes a fixing buckle at one end of the drill rod and a locking buckle at the other end of the drill rod, and the locking buckle and the fixing buckle are detachably connected.

4. The waterjet mechanical combined drilling tool as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple sensors are installed on the surface of the drill rod near the alloy drill bit. These sensors are used to monitor the temperature of the drilling space, detect the composition of the cave ahead, monitor the water pressure in the cave, monitor the toxic and harmful gases in the current drilling space, and detect the torque and the reaction force of the drill motor.

5. The waterjet mechanical combined drilling tool as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water jet nozzle is provided with two parallel high-pressure jet channels and two parallel abrasive mixing channels. The abrasive mixing channels are connected to a high-pressure jet channel through a transition pipe. Two high-pressure jet channels are symmetrically arranged inside the water jet nozzle, and two abrasive mixing channels are symmetrically arranged inside the water jet nozzle. The abrasive mixing channels and the high-pressure jet channels are 90 degrees apart. The transition pipeline is inclined to the high-pressure jet channel / abrasive mixing channel.

6. The waterjet mechanical combined drilling tool as described in claim 1, characterized in that, There are three low-pressure water outlets, which are arranged side by side on the end face of the water jet nozzle / alloy drill bit. There are two low-pressure water outlet passages, which are arranged side by side inside the water jet nozzle. Each low-pressure water outlet passage is connected to a portion of the two low-pressure water outlets.

7. A drilling and rock-breaking drilling rig, characterized in that, The system comprises the waterjet mechanical drilling tool, drilling rig body, media equalization and transmission system, low-pressure water supply unit, and high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit as described in any one of claims 1-6, wherein: The drilling rig body is equipped with a water jet mechanical combined drilling tool, which is used to drive and control the movement, position and operation of the water jet mechanical combined drilling tool. The high-pressure water pipeline channel of the water jet mechanical combined drilling tool is connected to the high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit through a rotary transmission joint. The low-pressure water channel of the waterjet mechanical combined drilling tool is connected to the low-pressure water supply unit via a rotary transmission joint. The mixed abrasive medium channel of the waterjet mechanical combined drilling tool is connected to a rotary transmission joint and a medium equalization and transmission system.

8. A drilling and rock-breaking drilling rig as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The drilling rig body is equipped with a drilling rig angle adjustment device, a drill rod rotation power device, and a drilling rig drilling thrust cylinder. Alternatively, the media equalization and transmission system includes a sand supply bin and a media equalization water-sand mixing bin. The sand supply bin is used to store sand and is connected to the media equalization water-sand mixing bin via a sand inlet pipe. The media equalization water-sand mixing bin is equipped with a water inlet and a stirring device. A motor and a mixing media transmission pipe are installed at the lower end of the media equalization water-sand mixing bin. The motor is used to transport the mixed abrasive to the mixing media transmission pipe, and the mixing media transmission pipe is connected to the rotary transmission joint.

9. A drilling and rock-breaking drilling rig as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The rotary transmission joint includes a rotating end and a fixed end, with the rotating end sleeved at the center of the fixed end, and the two are connected by a flange. The fixed end is provided with a mixed abrasive transmission channel and a low-pressure water inlet channel. One end of the low-pressure water inlet channel is connected to the low-pressure water channel inside the drill rod of the water jet mechanical combined drill bit, and the other end is connected to the low-pressure water supply unit. One end of the mixed abrasive transmission channel is connected to the media equalization and transmission system, and a filter membrane is provided at this end of the mixed abrasive transmission channel; the other end is connected to the mixed abrasive media channel. The rotating end is connected to the drill rod of the water jet mechanical combined drilling tool, and a high-pressure water passage is opened inside. One end of the high-pressure water passage is connected to the high-pressure water pipeline channel, and the other end is connected to the high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit.

10. A method for operating a drilling and rock-breaking drilling rig as described in any one of claims 7-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Transport the drilling and rock-breaking rig to the designated drilling location, connect the media equalization and transmission system, low-pressure water supply unit and high-pressure jet hydrodynamic unit, start the whole machine power supply, turn on the sub-power supply of each equipment control system, and install each system part of the drilling rig in place. Assemble the water jet mechanical combined drilling tool and connect the drilling rock breaking drilling rig and the water jet mechanical combined drilling tool; Turn on the media equalization and transmission system to mix the abrasive; Adjust the drilling rock-breaking rig to position the water jet mechanical drilling tool at a suitable drilling angle, and start the water jet mechanical drilling tool; The ultra-high pressure hydrodynamic unit is turned on to provide high-pressure water jet. Based on the airflow disturbance when the high-pressure water jet is ejected, a negative pressure is formed, which draws in the mixed abrasive and provides it to the water jet mechanical combined drill bit, forming a mixed cutting state of abrasive and water jet. When the supply distance exceeds the set length, the motor of the medium equalization and transmission system is started, and the mixed abrasive medium after stirring and mixing is released to the rotary transmission joint to realize the active sand supply of mixed abrasive over long distances. During the above operations, the low-pressure water supply unit is opened periodically or irregularly to provide low-pressure water to the low-pressure water channel of the water jet mechanical combined drilling tool. The water flows into the low-pressure water outlet channel and is discharged from the low-pressure water outlet to achieve slag removal. When drill pipe needs to be spliced, shut down the ultra-high pressure hydrodynamic unit and the medium equalization and transmission system, place the new drill pipe, align the high-pressure water pipeline and low-pressure water channel inside the drill pipe, connect the male and female connectors, and tighten the locking parts to achieve ultra-long drill pipe continuation and rapid splicing of this unit.

11. The working method as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The mathematical model for the relationship between transmission distance and other parameters is as follows: ; Where L is the distance the mixed medium needs to be transported, η is an undetermined coefficient, ρ is the density of the medium, P is the pump pressure provided by the medium transport system, and S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipeline.

12. The working method as described in claim 10, characterized in that, in During drilling, the rock strength is calculated based on the force on the drill rod rotating motor and the drilling thrust of the drilling rig's drilling thrust cylinder. The specific mathematical model for rock strength is: P=η*N*F; where η is a coefficient; N is the forward thrust of the cylinder; and F is the motor torque. The integrity of the rock in front is determined by the uniformity of the force applied.

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