Construction waste whole-process carbon accounting system and method for waste-free construction site

Abstract

The invention provides a construction waste whole-process carbon accounting system and method for a waste-free construction site. According to the system, the LCA life cycle theory is used, three processes of source classification management of construction site construction waste, construction site classification transportation / in-site comprehensive utilization, out-site comprehensive utilization and life cycle disposal are respectively checked and managed, and whole-process low-carbon management of the construction site construction waste is achieved. The method is suitable for guiding construction of'waste-free construction sites' of constructional engineering, including accounting and statistics of carbon emission and carbon reduction and proposing of carbon reduction measures, and promotion of popularization and application of'waste-free construction sites' is facilitated. Whole-process low-carbon management of reduction and tail end emission reduction of a construction waste source and a construction process of a construction engineering construction site is enhanced, and green and low-carbon whole-process management of the construction site is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste carbon emission accounting, and specifically relates to a full-process carbon accounting system and method for construction waste for waste-free construction sites. Background Art

[0002] As the largest solid waste, construction waste is mostly made up of concrete, masonry, slag, ceramics, wood, plastic, metal and other parts that can be comprehensively utilized. However, most construction processes neither comprehensively utilize construction waste nor make terminal resource utilization, but mainly use mixed stacking, mixed transportation and mixed disposal (such as landfill); resulting in the current resource utilization rate of construction waste being less than 10%. Construction waste emissions also have a negative impact on the environment, contributing more than half of the carbon emissions in the construction sector. The carbon emissions of construction waste come from the large volume of construction waste at the construction site, improper source management (such as mixed collection and transportation) and low utilization rate (low comprehensive utilization rate inside and outside the site); therefore, there is a large space for emission and carbon reduction in the proper management of the construction process of construction waste. Promoting the source management of construction waste classification at the construction site, comprehensive utilization inside and outside the site, and reduction and emission reduction throughout the process are important measures to save resources and protect the environment.

[0003] The reduction of construction waste at construction sites, namely "waste-free construction sites", is an advanced management concept that strengthens the source reduction and comprehensive management of construction waste at construction sites, and realizes the whole process of construction waste classification reduction, emission reduction and carbon reduction. However, there is still a lack of quantitative research on carbon emissions from waste-free construction sites and the extent to which pollution reduction and carbon reduction can be achieved, and there is no systematic carbon emission and carbon reduction accounting method.

[0004] The life cycle theory is one of the most effective methods for calculating carbon emissions and carbon reduction from construction waste. Previous calculations were mainly based on terminal reuse and resource utilization, and there is no systematic construction waste carbon emissions and carbon reduction accounting system at the construction site, especially for carbon emissions accounting for construction waste classification management and reduction (such as comprehensive utilization) during the construction process. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a full-process carbon accounting system and method for construction waste for waste-free construction sites, which is used to manage and reduce the carbon emissions of construction waste at the construction site and during the construction process.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: a full-process carbon accounting system for construction waste at waste-free construction sites, including a carbon emission accounting module for source classification management of construction waste, a carbon emission accounting module for classified transportation and comprehensive utilization within the construction site, and a carbon emission accounting module outside the construction site; the carbon emission accounting module for source classification management of construction waste includes a source classification estimation module, an on-site classified stacking module, and an on-site classified collection module; the carbon emission accounting module for classified transportation and comprehensive utilization within the construction site includes an on-site classified transportation module and an on-site comprehensive utilization module; the on-site comprehensive utilization module includes an on-site classified transportation turnover module, an on-site utilization carbon emission and carbon reduction accounting module; the off-site carbon emission accounting module includes an off-site classified transportation module, an off-site comprehensive The carbon emission accounting module for source classification management of construction waste and the carbon emission accounting module for classified transportation on construction site and comprehensive utilization within the site are used to manage and account for carbon emissions and carbon reduction within the site. The sum of the outputs of the carbon emission accounting module for source classification management of construction waste and the carbon emission accounting module for classified transportation on construction site and comprehensive utilization within the site is the carbon emissions within the site; the carbon emission accounting module outside the site is used to manage and account for carbon emissions and carbon reduction outside the site. The output of the carbon emission accounting module outside the site is the carbon emissions outside the site; the sum of the outputs of the carbon emission accounting module for source classification management of construction waste, the carbon emission accounting module for classified transportation on construction site and comprehensive utilization within the site, and the carbon emission accounting module outside the site is the carbon emissions of the whole process of low-carbon management of construction waste.

[0007] According to the above scheme, in the carbon emission accounting module of construction waste source classification management, The source classification estimation module is used to estimate the carbon emissions of construction waste according to the generation stage and type of generation point within the site: (1) Where: CE p1 is the carbon emission of construction waste in the classification estimation stage, in units of kgCO 2 e ; i The construction waste generation stage. i is a non-zero natural number; j It is the point where construction waste is generated at the corresponding stage in the construction site. j is a non-zero natural number; e To classify and estimate the types of construction waste, e is a non-zero natural number; E i,j,e For the e Estimated amount of construction waste generated, in units ofkg or m 3 ; EF e For the e Carbon emission factor of construction waste, unit: kgCO 2 e / kg or kgCO 2 e / m 3 ; The on-site classification stacking module is used to calculate the carbon emissions generated by the materials, resources and energy consumed in the stacking process based on the construction waste at the stacking points within the site: (2) Where: CE p2 is the carbon emission of construction waste during the classification and stacking stage, in units of kgCO 2 e ; z The types of materials, resources and energy consumed by the equipment or device during the classification process; S is the total amount of construction waste in the classified stacking stage, in units of kg or m 3 ; M z The consumed materials, resources, and energy intensity and level, in units of kg , kWh or MJ ; EF z is the carbon emission factor for materials, resources and energy; The on-site classification collection module is used to calculate the carbon emissions generated by the materials, resources and energy consumed by the collection equipment in the process of collecting construction waste from the generation point or the stacking point to the collection point: (3) Where: CE p3 is the carbon emission of construction waste during the classification and collection stage, in units of kgCO 2 e ; C The total amount of construction waste in the classified collection stage, in units of kg or m 3 .

[0008] According to the above scheme, in the carbon emission accounting module of classified transportation and comprehensive utilization within the construction site, The on-site classification and transportation module is used to calculate the carbon emissions generated during the transportation of construction waste from the generation point, stacking point or collection point within the site to the boundary point between inside and outside the site: (4) Where: CE p4 is the carbon emission during the classification and transportation process in the construction waste site, in units of kgCO 2 e ; t To classify the types of construction waste during the transportation stage, t is a non-zero natural number; W t For the t The weight of construction waste, in units of kg ; D t For the t The transportation distance of construction waste within the construction site, in km ; EF t is the carbon emission factor of different means of transportation, in units of kg CO 2 e / ( t•km ); The on-site comprehensive utilization module is used to calculate the carbon emissions generated by the comprehensive utilization of construction waste within the site, including the transportation carbon emissions of the construction waste within the site from the generation point, stacking point or collection point to the comprehensive utilization point and the carbon emission reduction of comprehensive utilization: (5) Where: CE p5 is the carbon emission reduction in the comprehensive utilization stage of the construction waste site, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p5r is the carbon emission reduction in the comprehensive utilization process of construction waste sites, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p5c is the carbon emission during the turnover process in the construction waste site, in units of kgCO 2 e .

[0009] Furthermore, in the on-site comprehensive utilization module, The on-site classification transportation turnover module is used to calculate the transportation carbon emissions of construction waste from the generation point, stacking point or collection point to the comprehensive utilization point within the site: (6) Where: CE p5c is the carbon emission during the turnover process in the construction waste site, in units of kgCO 2 e ; D t ' For the t The distance from the transportation turnover of construction waste within the construction site to the comprehensive utilization facility, in units of km ; The on-site comprehensive utilization carbon emission and carbon reduction accounting module is used to calculate the carbon emission reduction of comprehensive utilization within the site: (7) Where: CE p5r is the carbon emission reduction in the comprehensive utilization process of construction waste sites, in units of kgCO 2 e ; W s For the t Amount of building materials recycled from construction waste, in units of kg or m 3 ; W r For the r The amount of construction waste recycled and utilized, in units of kg or m 3 ; y The types of materials, resources and energy consumed in the resource recovery process; M y is the consumption intensity and level of materials, resources and energy, and the units are kg , kWh or MJ ; EF m For the m Carbon emission factor of recycled building materials from construction waste, unit: kgCO 2 e / kg or kgCO 2e / m 3 ; EF y is the carbon emission factor for materials, resources and energy.

[0010] According to the above scheme, in the off-site carbon emission accounting module, The off-site classified transportation module is used to calculate the carbon emissions from the off-site transportation of construction waste from the boundary points inside and outside the site to the comprehensive utilization site or the final disposal site: (8) Where: CE p6c is the carbon emission during the transportation of construction waste, in units of kgCO 2 e ; d Types of construction waste during the construction waste transportation process; W d For the d The weight of construction waste, in units of kg ; D d For the d The actual transportation distance of construction waste to the centralized comprehensive utilization site or final disposal site, in units of km ; EF t is the carbon emission factor of different transportation tools, in units of kg CO 2 e / (t•km) ; The off-site comprehensive utilization module is used to calculate the carbon emission reduction of comprehensive utilization of construction waste in the comprehensive utilization site; The off-site disposal module is used to calculate the carbon emissions of landfilling construction waste at the final disposal site.

[0011] Furthermore, part of the carbon emissions from backfilling of construction waste within the site boundary are incorporated into the transportation carbon emissions calculated by the on-site classified transportation turnover module; part of the carbon emissions from backfilling of construction waste outside the site boundary are incorporated into the transportation carbon emissions calculated by the classified transportation module outside the site boundary.

[0012] Furthermore, in the off-site comprehensive utilization module, (9) Where: CE p6r is the carbon emission reduction in the comprehensive utilization process outside the construction waste site, in units of kgCO 2e ; W s For the t Amount of building materials recycled from construction waste, in units of kg or m 3 ; W r is the amount of resource recycling of the rth type of construction waste, in units of kg or m 3 ; EF m For the m Carbon emission factor of recycled building materials from construction waste, unit: kgCO 2 e / kg or kgCO 2 e / m 3 ; EF y is the carbon emission factor of materials, resources and energy; M y is the consumption intensity and level of materials, resources and energy, and the units are kg , kWh or MJ ; (10) Where: CE p6 It is the carbon emission reduction of construction waste in the off-site comprehensive utilization stage, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p6r is the carbon emission reduction in the comprehensive utilization process outside the construction waste site, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p6c is the carbon emission during the transportation of construction waste, in units of kgCO 2 e .

[0013] Furthermore, in the off-site disposal module, (11) Where: CE p7l is the carbon emission during the landfill disposal of construction waste, in units of kgCO 2e ; W l is the amount of construction waste landfill, in kg or m 3 ; EF l is the carbon emission factor for landfill disposal of construction waste, in units of kg CO 2 e / t ; (12) Where: CE p7 is the carbon emission of construction waste during the off-site landfill stage, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p6c is the carbon emission during the transportation of construction waste, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p7l is the carbon emission during the landfill disposal of construction waste, in units of kgCO 2 e .

[0014] Furthermore, the carbon emissions within the site include the carbon emissions and carbon reductions calculated by the source classification estimation module, on-site classification stacking module, on-site classification collection module, on-site classification transportation module, and on-site comprehensive utilization module: (13) Where: CE in is the carbon emission or carbon reduction in the construction waste site, in kgCO 2 e ; CE p1 The carbon emissions of construction waste in the classification estimation stage are in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p2 is the carbon emission during the classification and stacking of construction waste, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p3 Carbon emissions during the construction waste classification and collection stage, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p4 is the carbon emission during the classification and transportation process in the construction waste site, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p5 is the carbon emission reduction in the comprehensive utilization stage of the construction waste site, in units of kgCO 2 e ; Off-site carbon emissions include the carbon emissions and carbon reductions calculated by the off-site comprehensive utilization module and the off-site disposal module: (14) Where: CE out is the carbon emission or carbon reduction outside the construction waste site, in kgCO 2 e ; CE p6 It is the carbon emission reduction of construction waste in the off-site comprehensive utilization stage, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p7 is the carbon emission of construction waste during the off-site landfill stage, in units of kgCO 2 e ; The carbon emissions from the whole process of low-carbon management of construction waste are: (15) Where: CE Total Carbon emissions or carbon reductions during the whole process of construction waste management, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE in is the carbon emission or carbon reduction in the construction waste site, in kgCO 2 e ; CE out is the carbon emission or carbon reduction outside the construction waste site, in kgCO 2 e .

[0015] A method for reducing carbon emissions from construction waste, comprising the following steps: S1: Use a full-process carbon accounting system for construction waste at waste-free construction sites to treat construction waste throughout the entire process; use low-energy or green and low-carbon on-site classified collection equipment and facilities, off-site transportation methods and transportation tools, and reasonably plan the transportation route to the nearest treatment site or utilization site; S2: Comprehensive utilization measures are taken to reduce carbon emissions on site, including backfilling of construction waste, recycling of metals and wood, and recycling of inorganic non-metallic resources; S3: Classify and recycle construction waste; send metal, wood and plastic construction waste that is difficult to use on the construction site to a specialized treatment agency for recycling as renewable resources; S4: Recycling construction waste; using green and low-carbon technology, processes, equipment or facilities to recycle construction waste; S5: Take safeguard measures; specifically include the following steps: S51: Establish a carbon emissions monitoring and management system that regularly discloses carbon emissions; S52: Establish a construction site carbon emission reduction assessment system based on the PDCA model; S53: Incorporate the results of the construction site carbon reduction assessment into the construction site acceptance process; S54: Incorporate carbon reduction measures including clean energy use, low-carbon transportation and low-carbon resource utilization technologies into the low-carbon management system and measures during the construction phase; S55: Provide training on waste-free measures, carbon reduction measures and management systems to units involved in the management and disposal of construction waste on construction sites to ensure low-carbon construction on construction sites.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention provides a full-process carbon accounting system and method for construction waste at waste-free construction sites. The system uses the LCA life cycle theory to separately account for and manage the three processes of source classification management, classified transportation / comprehensive utilization within the construction site, comprehensive utilization outside the construction site, and disposal life cycle of construction waste at the construction site, thus achieving full-process low-carbon management of construction waste at the construction site.

[0017] 2. The present invention is suitable for guiding the construction of "waste-free construction sites" in construction projects, including the accounting and statistics of carbon emissions and carbon reduction, as well as the proposal of carbon reduction measures, which is conducive to promoting the popularization and application of "waste-free construction sites".

[0018] 3. The present invention strengthens the whole process low-carbon management of construction waste reduction at the construction site, the reduction of construction waste during the construction process and the reduction of emissions at the end, and realizes green and low-carbon whole process management of the construction site. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a system boundary diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a framework diagram of the carbon accounting / carbon reduction accounting concept of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a framework diagram of the carbon emission / carbon reduction accounting system of an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] Example 1 The boundary diagram of this embodiment is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the life cycle includes three process stages (I) to (III), namely, the source classification management of various types of construction waste at the construction site (classification estimation - stacking - collection) stage, the classification transportation at the construction site (transfer within the site - transportation to the exit gate) / comprehensive utilization within the site (direct utilization and recycling, etc.), and the comprehensive utilization outside the site (reuse of construction waste outside the site) and disposal (landfill) stage.

[0024] The idea of ​​carbon emission / carbon reduction accounting in the whole process of construction waste is as follows Figure 2 As shown, it includes direct or indirect carbon emissions (greenhouse gas emissions, measured in CO2 equivalent) generated by resource, energy consumption and pollutant emissions in the three life cycle process stages inside and outside the site. For example, the carbon emissions in the first process stage mainly come from the building materials in the source classification estimation stage, as well as the carbon emissions of the stacking equipment and devices materials, resources, and energy in the stacking stage, and the materials, resources and energy consumed in the collection stage. The carbon emissions in the second process stage mainly come from the carbon emissions of on-site transportation tools and the materials, resources and energy in the comprehensive utilization process of construction waste. The carbon emissions in the third process stage mainly come from the carbon emissions of off-site transportation tools and the materials, resources and energy in the comprehensive utilization and disposal process outside the site.

[0025] like Figure 3As shown in the figure, this embodiment includes the source classification management stage of construction waste, the classification transportation / comprehensive utilization stage within the construction site, and the comprehensive utilization and disposal stage outside the construction site, namely, the carbon emission accounting system for source classification management of construction waste (system one), the carbon emission and carbon reduction accounting system for classification transportation / comprehensive utilization within the construction site (system two), and the carbon emission and carbon reduction accounting system for comprehensive utilization and disposal outside the construction site (system three). As shown in formulas (1) to (3), system one includes three stages: source classification estimation, on-site classification stacking, and source classification collection; as shown in formulas (4) to (7), system two includes on-site classification transportation and on-site comprehensive utilization, and the latter is composed of three sub-stages: classification transportation turnover, on-site comprehensive utilization carbon emission and carbon reduction accounting; as shown in formulas (8) to (12), system three includes three stages: off-site classification transportation, off-site comprehensive utilization, and off-site disposal. Systems (I) and (II) together constitute the on-site carbon emission and carbon reduction method system (Formula 13), and system (III) is the corresponding calculation system outside the site (Formula 14), which together constitutes the construction waste emission and carbon reduction accounting system inside and outside the site (Formula 15).

[0026] 1 Carbon accounting system for source classification management of construction waste 1.1 Source classification and estimation stage The carbon emissions in the pre-classification stage of construction waste refer to the estimation of the amount of construction waste generated by the construction site according to the drawings by stage and type, and then the estimation of carbon emissions of construction waste. The carbon emissions in the classification estimation stage should be calculated according to the following formula: (1) Where: CE p1 To estimate the carbon emissions of construction waste during the classification stage ( kgCO 2 e ); i The construction waste generation stage (such as foundation engineering, main engineering, decoration and renovation engineering, etc.) i is a non-zero natural number; j It is the point where construction waste is generated at the corresponding stage in the construction site. j is a non-zero natural number; e To classify and estimate the types of construction waste, e is a non-zero natural number; E i,j,e For the e Estimated amount of construction waste generated, in units of kg or m 3 ; EFe For the e Carbon emission factor of construction waste, unit: kgCO 2 e / kg or kgCO 2 e / m 3 .

[0027] 1.2 On-site classification and stacking stage When construction waste is temporarily piled up according to the set classification at the construction site, carbon emissions are generated by various materials, resources and energy consumed during the stacking process. Carbon emissions during the classification and stacking stage should be calculated according to the following formula: (2) Where: CE p2 is the carbon emission of construction waste during the classification and stacking stage, in units of kgCO 2 e ; z The types of materials, resources and energy consumed by the equipment or device during the classification process, such as water, electricity, diesel, etc. S is the total amount of construction waste in the classified stacking stage, in units of kg or m 3 ; M z The consumed materials, resources, and energy intensity and level, in units of kg , kWh or MJ , calculated according to actual data; EF z is the carbon emission factor for materials, resources and energy.

[0028] 1.3 On-site classification and collection stage Carbon emissions during the classified collection stage of construction waste refer to the carbon emissions generated by various materials, resources, and energy consumed during the collection process when construction waste is collected from the generation site or storage site to collection points such as trash cans, trash baskets, trash pools, trash bins, trash compartments, and trash stations. Carbon emissions during the classified collection stage should be calculated according to the following formula: (3) Where: CE p3 is the carbon emission of construction waste during the classification and collection stage, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CThe total amount of construction waste in the classified collection stage, in units of kg or m 3 .

[0029] 2 Construction site classification transportation / site boundary + comprehensive utilization carbon emission and carbon reduction accounting system 2.1 Classification and transportation stage Carbon emissions during the classified transportation stage of construction waste refer to the carbon emissions generated by vehicles during the transportation process when construction waste is classified and separated according to material characteristics at the construction site and transported from the generation point, stacking point or collection point to the logistics gate of the construction site for inspection. Carbon emissions during the classified transportation stage should be calculated according to the following formula: (4) Where: CE p4 is the carbon emission during the classification and transportation process in the construction waste site, in units of kgCO 2 e ; t To classify the types of construction waste during the transportation stage, t is a non-zero natural number; W t For the t The weight of construction waste, in units of kg ; D t For the t The transportation distance of construction waste within the construction site, in km ; EF t is the carbon emission factor of different means of transportation, in units of kg CO 2 e / ( t•km ).

[0030] 2.2 On-site comprehensive utilization stage Carbon emissions from the comprehensive utilization stage of construction waste at the construction site refer to the carbon emissions generated by the comprehensive utilization of construction waste within the logistics gate of the construction site, including the flow carbon emissions from the transportation of construction waste from the generation point, stacking point or collection point within the construction site to the comprehensive utilization facility, and the carbon emissions from comprehensive utilization (generally carbon emission reductions).

[0031] (1) Carbon emissions from on-site classified transportation turnover should be calculated according to the following formula: (5) Where: CE p5cis the carbon emission in the turnover process of construction waste, in units of kgCO 2 e ; D t ' For the t The distance from the transportation turnover of construction waste within the construction site to the comprehensive utilization facility, in units of km .

[0032] (2) Carbon emissions from comprehensive utilization on site should be calculated according to the following formula (generally carbon emission reduction): (6) Where: CE p5r is the carbon emission reduction in the comprehensive utilization process of construction waste sites, in units of kgCO 2 e ; W s For the t Amount of building materials recycled from construction waste, in units of kg or m 3 ; W r For the r The amount of construction waste recycled and utilized, in units of kg or m 3 ; y The types of materials, resources and energy consumed in the resource recovery process, such as water, electricity, diesel, etc.; M y is the consumption intensity and level of materials (including additives and other auxiliary materials), resources and energy, and the units are kg , kWh or MJ ; According to the actual data, the boundary of the data can be based on LCA The method is determined by the principle that mass and volume below 1%-5% are negligible; EF m For the m Carbon emission factor of recycled building materials from construction waste, unit: kgCO 2 e / kg or kgCO 2 e / m 3 ; EF y is the carbon emission factor for materials, resources and energy.

[0033] (3) Carbon emissions from the comprehensive utilization of construction waste at the construction site should be calculated according to the following formula (generally carbon emission reduction): (7) Where: CE p5 is the carbon emission reduction in the comprehensive utilization stage of the construction waste site, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p5r is the carbon emission reduction in the comprehensive utilization process of construction waste sites, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p5c is the carbon emission during the turnover process in the construction waste site, in units of kgCO 2 e .

[0034] 2.3 Backfilling stage in landfill Carbon emissions during the backfill stage in a construction waste yard refer to the use of backfilled construction waste for earthwork balance, and its carbon emissions only take into account the transportation and turnover stage within the construction waste yard.

[0035] 3 Off-site comprehensive utilization and disposal of carbon emissions and carbon reduction accounting system Carbon emissions during the comprehensive utilization and landfill stages outside the construction waste site refer to the carbon emissions generated when construction waste is transported from the construction site gate to the comprehensive utilization site for comprehensive utilization or to the landfill (or receiving site), including carbon emissions generated by mud trucks or other transportation vehicles during the transportation stage. The actual transportation distance is obtained through cloud platforms, Baidu Maps, Amap, actual measurements, etc.; carbon emissions should take into account the carbon emissions of comprehensive utilization of construction waste in the comprehensive utilization site (generally carbon emission reduction) and the carbon emissions during the landfill disposal stage of construction waste.

[0036] 3.1 Off-site Classification and Transportation Stage The carbon emissions from the transportation of construction waste from the construction site gate to the centralized comprehensive utilization site and the final disposal site should be calculated according to the following formula: (8) Where: CE p6c is the carbon emission during the transportation of construction waste, in units of kgCO 2 e ; d Types of construction waste during the construction waste transportation process; Wd For the d The weight of construction waste, in units of kg ; D d No. d The actual transportation distance of construction waste to the comprehensive utilization site or final disposal site, in units of km ; EF t is the carbon emission factor of different transportation tools, in units of kgCO 2 e / (t•km) .

[0037] 3.2 Comprehensive utilization outside the field (1) Carbon emissions from off-site comprehensive utilization should be calculated according to the following formula (generally carbon emission reduction): (9) Where: CE p6r is the carbon emission reduction in the comprehensive utilization process outside the construction waste site, in units of kgCO 2 e ; W s For the t Amount of building materials recycled from construction waste, in units of kg or m 3 ; W r is the amount of resource recycling of the rth type of construction waste, in units of kg or m 3 ; EF m For the m Carbon emission factor of recycled building materials from construction waste, unit: kgCO 2 e / kg or kgCO 2 e / m 3 ; EF y is the carbon emission factor of materials, resources and energy; M y is the consumption intensity and level of materials (including additives and other auxiliary materials), resources and energy, and the units are kg , kWh or MJ ; According to the actual data, the boundary of the data can be based on LCAThe method is based on the principle that mass and volume below 1%-5% can be ignored.

[0038] (2) Carbon reduction accounting for off-site comprehensive utilization should be calculated according to the following formula (generally carbon emission reduction): (10) Where: CE p6 It is the carbon emission reduction of construction waste in the off-site comprehensive utilization stage, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p6r is the carbon emission reduction in the comprehensive utilization process outside the construction waste site, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p6c is the carbon emission during the transportation of construction waste, in units of kgCO 2 e .

[0039] 3.3 Carbon emissions from off-site landfill disposal (1) Carbon emissions from the landfill disposal stage of construction waste should be calculated according to the following formula: (11) Where: CE p7l is the carbon emission during the landfill disposal of construction waste, in units of kgCO 2 e ; W l is the amount of construction waste landfill, in kg or m 3 ; EF l is the carbon emission factor for landfill disposal of construction waste, in units of kgCO 2 e / t .

[0040] (2) Carbon emissions from off-site disposal should be calculated using the following formula: (12) Where: CE p7 is the carbon emission of construction waste during the off-site landfill stage, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p6cis the carbon emission during the transportation of construction waste, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p7l is the carbon emission during the landfill disposal of construction waste, in units of kgCO 2 e .

[0041] 3.4 Earthwork balance carbon emissions from construction waste The carbon emissions from construction waste that is used for earth balance in the form of backfilling, mountain landscaping or land consolidation only take into account the carbon emissions generated by vehicles transporting waste from the construction site’s logistics gate to the point of utilization.

[0042] 4. Carbon emissions statistics inside and outside the construction site 4.1 Carbon emission statistics within the site The verification and statistics of carbon emissions and carbon reduction of construction waste at construction sites generally include the calculation of carbon emissions (including carbon reduction) during the construction waste generation stage, i.e., source classification and estimation stage, classified stacking, classified collection, classified transportation, and comprehensive utilization of construction waste at construction sites. The specific calculation method is shown in the following formula.

[0043] (13) Where: CE in is the carbon emission or carbon reduction in the construction waste site, in kgCO 2 e ; CE p1 The carbon emissions of construction waste in the classification estimation stage are in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p2 is the carbon emission during the classification and stacking of construction waste, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p3 Carbon emissions during the construction waste classification and collection stage, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p4 is the carbon emission during the classification and transportation process in the construction waste site, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p5 is the carbon emission reduction in the comprehensive utilization stage of the construction waste site, in units of kgCO2 e .

[0044] 4.2 Off-site carbon emissions statistics The verification and statistics of carbon emissions and carbon reduction of construction waste outside the construction site generally include the calculation of carbon emissions (including carbon reduction) in the comprehensive utilization stage outside the construction waste site and the landfill stage outside the site. The specific calculation method is shown in the formula.

[0045] (14) Where: CE out is the carbon emission or carbon reduction outside the construction waste site, in kgCO 2 e ; CE p6 It is the carbon emission reduction of construction waste in the off-site comprehensive utilization stage, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p7 is the carbon emission of construction waste during the off-site landfill stage, in units of kgCO 2 e .

[0046] 4.3 Carbon emission statistics inside and outside the construction site The carbon emission or carbon reduction accounting of the whole life cycle of construction waste generation, stacking, collection, transportation, utilization and final disposal within and outside the construction site can be calculated as follows: (15) Where: CE Total Carbon emissions or carbon reductions during the whole process of construction waste management, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE in is the carbon emission or carbon reduction in the construction waste site, in kgCO 2 e ; CE out is the carbon emission or carbon reduction outside the construction waste site, in kgCO 2 e .

[0047] Carbon emission factor query method description The carbon emission factor is based on the "Building Carbon Emission Calculation Standard" (GB / T51366) and the "Product Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emission Coefficient Set (2022)", combined with the collection, collation, analysis, evaluation and recalculation of the life cycle assessment commercial standard database. The specific data processing method is as follows: (1) Carbon emission factors of original construction waste corresponding to seven types of construction waste in the classification and estimation stage ( kgCO 2 e / kg , the unit construction waste classification and processing volume) can be queried in the "Building Carbon Emission Calculation Standard" (GB / T51366).

[0048] (2) Classify the carbon emission factors of energy during collection, transportation, etc., and select and query the carbon emission factors of relevant data sources according to the energy type. For example, liquid fuel can be considered based on crude oil, diesel, gasoline, fuel oil, and other petroleum products.

[0049] (3) The carbon emission factor unifies emissions into carbon dioxide equivalent, and the GWP (Global warming potential) value is taken from the GWP (100 years) value in Climate Change 2023 (Tables of greenhouse gas lifetimes, radiative efficiencies and metrics).

[0050] Table 1 Carbon emission factor query table

[0051] Table 2 Carbon emission factors in the construction waste transportation stage

[0052] Table 3 Carbon emission factors for construction waste utilization and disposal

[0053] Note: *Negative values ​​indicate the positive effect (carbon reduction) of replacing virgin building materials with resource utilization (carbon emissions from the resource process have been offset). #Refers only to carbon emissions generated by resource and energy inputs in the resource utilization process, and does not calculate the substitution effect of recycled products.

[0054] Example 2 This embodiment uses the system of embodiment 1 to implement a method for reducing carbon emissions from construction waste, including the following steps: 1. The whole process of construction waste treatment The whole process of construction waste treatment should adopt low-energy or green and low-carbon on-site classification collection equipment and facilities, off-site transportation methods and transportation tools, and reasonably plan the transportation route. For example, construction waste can be transported by new energy dump trucks to the nearest treatment or utilization site.

[0055] 2 Comprehensive utilization measures for on-site carbon reduction (1) Backfilling of construction waste. Construction waste should be utilized through backfilling, landscaping, and other methods to balance the earthwork; (2) Recycling of metal and wood. Waste steel bars can be used as rolling benches, wooden formwork can be used as secondary structures, and wooden beams can be extended and reused; (3) Resource Utilization of Inorganic Non-Metallic Wastes. Inorganic non-metallic construction wastes at construction sites should be disposed of on-site and nearby, and recycled and reused as resources according to site conditions.

[0056] 3. Sorting and recycling of construction waste Metal, wood and plastic construction waste that is difficult to reuse at the construction site should be sent to specialized processing agencies for recycling as renewable resources.

[0057] 4 Resource Utilization of Construction Waste The resource utilization of construction waste should adopt green and low-carbon technologies, processes, equipment or facilities.

[0058] 5 Safeguard measures (1) Establish a carbon emission management system, including a carbon emission management platform and a carbon emission monitoring system. The system will voluntarily disclose carbon emissions and regularly announce the carbon emission status of construction sites; (2) Establish a construction site carbon emission reduction assessment system, including the formulation of an assessment indicator system and a graded evaluation standard, an assessment system based on the PDCA (Plan and Action System (P), Execution (D), Inspection and Supervision (C), and Evaluation (A)) model, and publicize and file the assessment results; (3) Incorporate the results of the construction site carbon reduction assessment into the construction site acceptance process; (4) Construction sites incorporate carbon reduction measures such as clean energy use, low-carbon transportation and low-carbon resource utilization technologies into low-carbon management systems and measures during the construction phase; (5) Provide training on waste-free measures, carbon reduction measures and management systems to units involved in the management and disposal of construction waste on construction sites to ensure low-carbon construction on construction sites.

[0059] It should be understood that the size of the serial numbers of the steps in the above embodiments does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0060] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the design ideas and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Therefore, any equivalent changes or modifications made based on the principles and design ideas disclosed by the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A full-process carbon accounting system for construction waste at waste-free construction sites, characterized by: It includes the carbon emission accounting module for the classified management of construction waste at the source, the carbon emission accounting module for classified transportation and comprehensive utilization within the construction site, and the carbon emission accounting module outside the construction site; The carbon emission accounting module for source classification management of construction waste includes source classification estimation module, on-site classification stacking module and on-site classification collection module; The construction site classified transportation and on-site comprehensive utilization carbon emission accounting module includes the on-site classified transportation module and the on-site comprehensive utilization module; the on-site comprehensive utilization module includes the on-site classified transportation turnover module, on-site utilization carbon emission and carbon reduction accounting module; The off-site carbon emission accounting module includes the off-site classification transportation module, the off-site comprehensive utilization module and the off-site disposal module; The carbon emission accounting module for construction waste source classification management and the carbon emission accounting module for construction site classification transportation and comprehensive utilization within the site are used to manage and calculate carbon emissions and carbon reduction within the site. The sum of the outputs of the carbon emission accounting module for construction waste source classification management and the carbon emission accounting module for construction site classification transportation and comprehensive utilization within the site is the carbon emissions within the site. The off-site carbon emission accounting module is used to manage and calculate off-site carbon emissions and carbon reduction. The output of the off-site carbon emission accounting module is the off-site carbon emissions; The sum of the outputs of the carbon emission accounting module for source classification management of construction waste, the carbon emission accounting module for classified transportation and comprehensive utilization within the construction site, and the carbon emission accounting module outside the site is the carbon emission of the whole process of low-carbon management of construction waste.

2. The whole-process carbon accounting system for construction waste at a waste-free construction site according to claim 1 is characterized by: In the carbon emission accounting module of construction waste source classification management, The source classification estimation module is used to estimate the carbon emissions of construction waste according to the generation stage and type of generation point within the site: （1） Where: CE p1 is the carbon emission of construction waste in the classification estimation stage, in units of kgCO 2 e ; i The construction waste generation stage. i is a non-zero natural number; j It is the point where construction waste is generated at the corresponding stage in the construction site. j is a non-zero natural number; e To classify and estimate the types of construction waste, e is a non-zero natural number; E i,j,e For the e Estimated amount of construction waste generated, in units of kg or m 3 ; EF e For the e Carbon emission factor of construction waste, unit: kgCO 2 e / kg or kgCO 2 e / m 3 ; The on-site classification stacking module is used to calculate the carbon emissions generated by the materials, resources and energy consumed in the stacking process based on the construction waste at the stacking points within the site: （2） Where: CE p2 is the carbon emission of construction waste during the classification and stacking stage, in units of kgCO 2 e ; z The types of materials, resources and energy consumed by the equipment or device during the classification process; S is the total amount of construction waste in the classified stacking stage, in units of kg or m 3 ; M z The consumed materials, resources, and energy intensity and level, in units of kg , kWh or MJ ; EF z is the carbon emission factor for materials, resources and energy; The on-site classification collection module is used to calculate the carbon emissions generated by the materials, resources and energy consumed by the collection equipment in the process of collecting construction waste from the generation point or the stacking point to the collection point: （3） Where: CE p3 is the carbon emission of construction waste during the classification and collection stage, in units of kgCO 2 e ; C The total amount of construction waste in the classified collection stage, in units of kg or m 3 .

3. The whole-process carbon accounting system for construction waste at a waste-free construction site according to claim 1 is characterized by: In the carbon emission accounting module for classified transportation and comprehensive utilization within the construction site, The on-site classification and transportation module is used to calculate the carbon emissions generated during the transportation of construction waste from the generation point, stacking point or collection point within the site to the boundary point between inside and outside the site: （4） Where: CE p4 is the carbon emission during the classification and transportation process in the construction waste site, in units of kgCO 2 e ; t To classify the types of construction waste during the transportation stage, t is a non-zero natural number; W t For the t The weight of construction waste, in units of kg ; D t For the t The transportation distance of construction waste within the construction site, in km ; EF t is the carbon emission factor of different means of transportation, in units of kg CO 2 e / ( t•km ); The on-site comprehensive utilization module is used to calculate the carbon emissions generated by the comprehensive utilization of construction waste within the site, including the transportation carbon emissions of the construction waste within the site from the generation point, stacking point or collection point to the comprehensive utilization point and the carbon emission reduction of comprehensive utilization: （5） Where: CE p5 is the carbon emission reduction in the comprehensive utilization stage of the construction waste site, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p5r is the carbon emission reduction in the comprehensive utilization process of construction waste sites, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p5c is the carbon emission during the turnover process in the construction waste site, in units of kgCO 2 e .

4. The whole-process carbon accounting system for construction waste at a waste-free construction site according to claim 3 is characterized by: In the on-site comprehensive utilization module, The on-site classification transportation turnover module is used to calculate the transportation carbon emissions of construction waste from the generation point, stacking point or collection point to the comprehensive utilization point within the site: （6） Where: CE p5c is the carbon emission during the turnover process in the construction waste site, in units of kgCO 2 e ; D t ' For the t The distance from the transportation turnover of construction waste within the construction site to the comprehensive utilization facility, in units of km ; The on-site comprehensive utilization carbon emission and carbon reduction accounting module is used to calculate the carbon emission reduction of comprehensive utilization within the site: （7） Where: CE p5r is the carbon emission reduction in the comprehensive utilization process of construction waste sites, in units of kgCO 2 e ; W s For the t Amount of building materials recycled from construction waste, in units of kg or m 3 ; W r For the r The amount of construction waste recycled and utilized, in units of kg or m 3 ; y The types of materials, resources and energy consumed in the resource recovery process; M y is the consumption intensity and level of materials, resources and energy, and the units are kg , kWh or MJ ; EF m For the m Carbon emission factor of recycled building materials from construction waste, unit: kgCO 2 e / kg or kgCO 2 e / m 3 ; EF y is the carbon emission factor for materials, resources and energy.

5. The whole-process carbon accounting system for construction waste at a waste-free construction site according to claim 1 is characterized by: In the off-site carbon emissions accounting module, The off-site classified transportation module is used to calculate the carbon emissions from the off-site transportation of construction waste from the boundary points inside and outside the site to the comprehensive utilization site or the final disposal site: （8） Where: CE p6c is the carbon emission during the transportation of construction waste, in units of kgCO 2 e ; d Types of construction waste during the construction waste transportation process; W d For the d The weight of construction waste, in units of kg ; D d For the d The actual transportation distance of construction waste to the centralized comprehensive utilization site or final disposal site, in units of km ; EF t is the carbon emission factor of different transportation tools, in units of kg CO 2 e / (t•km) ; The off-site comprehensive utilization module is used to calculate the carbon emission reduction of comprehensive utilization of construction waste in the comprehensive utilization site; The off-site disposal module is used to calculate the carbon emissions of landfilling construction waste at the final disposal site.

6. A construction waste full-process carbon accounting system for waste-free construction sites according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The carbon emissions from the backfill of construction waste within the site boundary are merged into the transportation carbon emissions calculated by the on-site classification transportation turnover module; The carbon emissions from the backfill of construction waste outside the site are incorporated into the transportation carbon emissions calculated by the off-site classified transportation module.

7. The whole-process carbon accounting system for construction waste at a waste-free construction site according to claim 5 is characterized by: In the off-site comprehensive utilization module, （9） Where: CE p6r is the carbon emission reduction in the comprehensive utilization process outside the construction waste site, in units of kgCO 2 e ; W s For the t Amount of building materials recycled from construction waste, in units of kg or m 3 ; W r is the amount of resource recycling of the rth type of construction waste, in units of kg or m 3 ; EF m For the m Carbon emission factor of recycled building materials from construction waste, unit: kgCO 2 e / kg or kgCO 2 e / m 3 ; EF y is the carbon emission factor of materials, resources and energy; M y is the consumption intensity and level of materials, resources and energy, and the units are kg , kWh or MJ ; （10） Where: CE p6 It is the carbon emission reduction of construction waste in the off-site comprehensive utilization stage, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p6r is the carbon emission reduction in the comprehensive utilization process outside the construction waste site, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p6c is the carbon emission during the transportation of construction waste, in units of kgCO 2 e .

8. The whole-process carbon accounting system for construction waste at a waste-free construction site according to claim 5 is characterized by: In the off-site disposal module, （11） Where: CE p7l is the carbon emission during the landfill disposal of construction waste, in kgCO 2 e ; W l is the amount of construction waste landfill, in kg or m 3 ; EF l is the carbon emission factor for landfill disposal of construction waste, in units of kg CO 2 e / t ; （12） Where: CE p7 is the carbon emission of construction waste during the off-site landfill stage, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p6c is the carbon emission during the transportation of construction waste, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p7l is the carbon emission during the landfill disposal of construction waste, in kgCO 2 e .

9. A construction waste full-process carbon accounting system for waste-free construction sites according to any one of claims 2, 3, 7, and 8, characterized in that: The carbon emissions within the site include the carbon emissions and carbon reductions calculated by the source classification estimation module, on-site classification stacking module, on-site classification collection module, on-site classification transportation module, and on-site comprehensive utilization module: （13） Where: CE in is the carbon emission or carbon reduction in the construction waste site, in kgCO 2 e ; CE p1 The carbon emissions of construction waste in the classification estimation stage are in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p2 is the carbon emission during the classification and stacking of construction waste, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p3 Carbon emissions during the construction waste classification and collection stage, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p4 is the carbon emission during the classification and transportation process in the construction waste site, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p5 is the carbon emission reduction in the comprehensive utilization stage of the construction waste site, in units of kgCO 2 e ; Off-site carbon emissions include the carbon emissions and carbon reductions calculated by the off-site comprehensive utilization module and the off-site disposal module: （14） Where: CE out is the carbon emission or carbon reduction outside the construction waste site, in kgCO 2 e ; CE p6 It is the carbon emission reduction of construction waste in the off-site comprehensive utilization stage, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE p7 is the carbon emission of construction waste during the off-site landfill stage, in units of kgCO 2 e ; The carbon emissions from the whole process of low-carbon management of construction waste are: （15） Where: CE Total Carbon emissions or carbon reductions during the whole process of construction waste management, in units of kgCO 2 e ; CE in is the carbon emission or carbon reduction in the construction waste site, in kgCO 2 e ; CE out is the carbon emission or carbon reduction outside the construction waste site, in kgCO 2 e .

10. A method for reducing carbon emissions from construction waste based on a full-process carbon accounting system for construction waste at a waste-free construction site according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Use a full-process carbon accounting system for construction waste at waste-free construction sites to treat construction waste throughout the entire process; use low-energy or green and low-carbon on-site classified collection equipment and facilities, off-site transportation methods and transportation tools, and reasonably plan the transportation route to the nearest treatment site or utilization site; S2: Take comprehensive utilization measures for on-site carbon reduction; Including backfilling of construction waste, recycling of metals and wood, and recycling of inorganic non-metallic resources; S3: Sorting and recycling of construction waste; Send metal, wood and plastic construction waste that is difficult to use on the construction site to specialized processing institutions for recycling as renewable resources; S4: Recycling construction waste; using green and low-carbon technology, processes, equipment or facilities to recycle construction waste; S5: Take safeguard measures; specifically including the following steps: S51: Establish a carbon emissions monitoring and management system that regularly discloses carbon emissions; S52: Establish a construction site carbon emission reduction assessment system based on the PDCA model; S53: Incorporate the results of the construction site carbon reduction assessment into the construction site acceptance process; S54: Incorporate carbon reduction measures including clean energy use, low-carbon transportation and low-carbon resource utilization technologies into the low-carbon management system and measures during the construction phase; S55: Provide training on waste-free measures, carbon reduction measures and management systems to units involved in the management and disposal of construction waste on construction sites to ensure low-carbon construction on construction sites.

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