Method for UE to transmit time domain channel property information to base station in wireless communication system and apparatus therefor

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a method by which a user equipment (UE) transmits channel state information (CSI) to a base station (BS) in a wireless communication system. In particular, the method comprises the steps of: receiving a time domain channel property (TDCP) report request signal from a BS; receiving at least one tracking reference signal (TRS) from the BS based on the TDCP report request signal; calculating a TDCP based on the at least one TRS; and transmitting the CSI including the TDCP as a single part to the BS.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly to a method and device for transmitting time domain channel property information from a user equipment (UE) to a base station in a wireless communication system. Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication services such as voice and data. Generally, wireless communication systems are multiple access systems that can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, and single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems. Summary of the invention

[0003] Technical issues

[0004] Based on the above discussion, a method and device for sending time domain channel property information from a UE to a base station in a wireless communication system are proposed below.

[0005] Those skilled in the art to which the embodiments pertain will understand that the objects that can be achieved using the embodiments are not limited to those specifically described above, and the above and other objects will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description.

[0006] Technical Solution

[0007] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method is provided herein for performing by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system. The method may include the following steps: receiving a time domain channel property (TDCP) report request signal from a base station (BS); receiving at least one tracking reference signal (TRS) from the BS based on the TDCP report request signal; calculating the TDCP based on the at least one TRS; and sending channel state information (CSI) to the BS, the CSI including the TDCP as a single part.

[0008] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system is provided herein. The UE may include at least one transceiver, at least one processor, and at least one computer memory operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, which, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations. The operations may include: receiving a time domain channel property (TDCP) report request signal from a base station (BS); receiving at least one tracking reference signal (TRS) from the BS based on the TDCP report request signal; calculating the TDCP based on at least one TRS; and sending channel state information (CSI) to the BS, the CSI containing the TDCP as a single part.

[0009] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a processing device in a wireless communication system is provided herein. The processing device may include at least one processor and at least one computer memory operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, which, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations. The operations may include: receiving a time domain channel property (TDCP) report request signal from a base station (BS); receiving at least one tracking reference signal (TRS) from the BS based on the TDCP report request signal; calculating the TDCP based on at least one TRS; and sending channel state information (CSI) to the BS, the CSI containing the TDCP as a single part.

[0010] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is provided herein. The computer-readable storage medium stores at least one program code including instructions, which, when executed, causes at least one processor to perform operations for a user equipment (UE). The operations may include: receiving a time domain channel property (TDCP) report request signal from a base station (BS); receiving at least one tracking reference signal (TRS) from the BS based on the TDCP report request signal; calculating the TDCP based on at least one TRS; and sending channel state information (CSI) to the BS, the CSI containing the TDCP as a single part.

[0011] In various aspects of the present disclosure, at least one TRS may include at least one of an aperiodic TRS or a periodic TRS. In particular, the aperiodic TRS may be indicated by a TDCP report request signal, and the periodic TRS may be configured as a quasi-collocated (QCL) reference signal (RS) of the aperiodic TRS.

[0012] In various aspects of the present disclosure, the number of CSI processing units configured to calculate CSI including TDCP as a single part may be determined based on the number of TRSs related to the calculation of TDCP.

[0013] In various aspects of the present disclosure, a first minimum time interval between reception of a TDCP report request signal and reporting of CSI and a second minimum time interval between reception of at least one TRS and reporting of CSI may be determined based on the number of TRSs related to calculation of TDCP.

[0014] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a method performed by a base station (BS) in a wireless communication system is provided herein. The method may include the following steps: sending a time domain channel property (TDCP) report request signal to a user equipment (UE); sending at least one tracking reference signal (TRS) to the UE based on the TDCP report request signal; and receiving channel state information (CSI) from the UE, wherein the CSI may include a TDCP calculated based on at least one TRS as a single part.

[0015] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a base station (BS) in a wireless communication system is provided herein. The BS may include at least one transceiver, at least one processor, and at least one computer memory operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, which, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations. The operations may include: sending a time domain channel property (TDCP) report request signal to a user equipment (UE); sending at least one tracking reference signal (TRS) to the UE based on the TDCP report request signal; and receiving channel state information (CSI) from the UE, wherein the CSI may include a TDCP calculated based on at least one TRS as a single part.

[0016] The above solutions are only some examples of the present disclosure, and those skilled in the art may derive and understand various examples reflecting the technical features of the present disclosure from the following detailed description.

[0017] Beneficial Effects

[0018] According to the present disclosure, wireless signal transmission and reception can be efficiently performed in a wireless communication system.

[0019] Those skilled in the art will understand that the technical effects that can be achieved using the present disclosure are not limited to those specifically described above, and the above and other technical effects that can be achieved by the present disclosure will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The accompanying drawings are provided to help understand the embodiments and the detailed description. However, the technical features of the embodiments are not limited to specific drawings, and the features disclosed in the various drawings can be combined with each other to form new embodiments. The reference numerals in the various drawings represent structural elements:

[0021] Figure 1 Physical channels used in a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) system as an example of a wireless communication system and a general signal transmission method using the same are shown.

[0022] Figure 2 Shows the radio frame structure.

[0023] Figure 3 A resource grid showing time slots.

[0024] Figure 4 An exemplary mapping of physical channels in time slots is shown.

[0025] Figure 5 An exemplary process of transmitting a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and acknowledgement / negative acknowledgement (ACK / NACK) is shown.

[0026] Figure 6 An exemplary physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission process is shown.

[0027] Figure 7 An example of a channel state information (CSI) related process is shown.

[0028] Figure 8 This is a diagram used to explain the concepts of artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) / deep learning.

[0029] Figures 9 to 12 Various AI / ML models for deep learning are shown.

[0030] Fig.13 is a diagram for explaining the framework of 3GPP Radio Access Network (RAN) intelligence.

[0031] Fig.14 and Fig.15 An example of reporting a precoding matrix index (PMI) for multiple time instances is shown.

[0032] Fig.16 FIG. 1 shows RE positions of UCI and data when UCI is multiplexed on PUSCH in the 3GPP NR standard.

[0033] Fig.17 is a flow chart illustrating a process of reporting TDCP according to the present disclosure.

[0034] Figures 18 to 21 A communication system 1 and a wireless device suitable for use with the present disclosure are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The techniques described herein can be used for various wireless access systems such as code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), etc. CDMA can be implemented as a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented as a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented as a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE802.20, Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), etc. UTRA is part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3GPP LTE is part of Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE uses OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink. LTE-A is the evolution of 3GPP LTE. 3GPP NR (New Radio or New Radio Access Technology) is an evolved version of 3GPP LTE / LTE-A / LTE-A pro.

[0036] As more and more communication devices require greater communication capacity to send and receive signals, there is a need for improved mobile broadband communications relative to traditional radio access technologies. Therefore, communication systems that take into account services / UEs that are sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed. Next generation radio access technologies that take into account enhanced mobile broadband communications, massive machine type communications (MTC), and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) may be referred to as new radio access technologies (RATs) or new radios (NRs).

[0037] Although the present disclosure is mainly described in the context of 3GPP NR for clarity of description, the technical concept of the present disclosure is not limited to 3GPP NR.

[0038] In this specification, the expression "setting" may be replaced by the expression "configuration", and the two may be used interchangeably. In addition, conditional expressions (e.g., "if ~~", "in the case of ~~", "when ~~", etc.) may be replaced by expressions "based on ~~" or "in the state of ~~". In addition, the operation or SW / HW configuration of the user equipment (UE) / base station (BS) may be inferred / understood based on the satisfaction of the conditions. In addition, when the processing of the receiving (or transmitting) side can be inferred / understood from the processing of the transmitting (or receiving) side in the signal transmission / reception between wireless communication devices (e.g., BS and UE), its description may be omitted. For example, signal determination / generation / encoding / transmission on the transmitting side may be understood as signal monitoring reception / decoding / determination on the receiving side. In addition, when it is said that the UE performs (or does not perform) a specific operation, this may also be interpreted as meaning that the BS expects / assumes that the UE performs the specific operation (or expects / assumes that the UE does not perform the specific operation) to operate. In addition, when it is said that the BS performs (or does not perform) a specific operation, this can also be interpreted as meaning that the UE expects / assumes that the BS performs the specific operation (or expects / assumes that the BS does not perform the specific operation) to operate. In addition, the identification and indexing of the various sections, implementation methods, examples, options, methods, schemes, etc. in the following description are for convenience of description and should not be interpreted as meaning that each forms an independent disclosure or that each should be implemented separately. In addition, unless there is an explicit conflicting / contrary description when describing the various sections, implementation methods, examples, options, methods, schemes, etc., it can be inferred / interpreted to mean that at least some of them can be implemented in combination together, or they can be implemented by omitting at least some of them.

[0039] In a wireless communication system, a UE receives information from a BS through a downlink (DL) and transmits information to the BS through an uplink (UL). The information transmitted and received by the BS and the UE includes data and various control information, and includes various physical channels according to the type / purpose of the information transmitted and received by the UE and the BS.

[0040] Figure 1 The diagram shows physical channels in a 3GPP NR system and a signal transmission method using the physical channels.

[0041] When the UE is powered on or when the UE initially enters a cell, in step S101, the UE performs an initial cell search involving synchronization with the BS. For the initial cell search, the UE receives a synchronization signal block (SSB). The SSB includes a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH). The UE synchronizes with the BS based on the PSS / SSS and acquires information such as a cell identifier (ID). The UE can then receive broadcast information from the cell on the PBCH. At the same time, the UE can check the downlink channel status by receiving a downlink reference signal (DL RS) during the initial cell search.

[0042] After the initial cell search, the UE may acquire more specific system information by receiving a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and receiving a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) based on information of the PDCCH in step S102.

[0043] Subsequently, in order to complete the connection with the eNB, the UE may perform a random access procedure with the eNB (S103 to S106). In the random access procedure, the UE may send a preamble on a physical random access channel (PRACH) (S103) and may receive a random access response (RAR) to the preamble on a PDSCH associated with the PDCCH (S104). The UE may use the scheduling information in the RAR to send a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) (S105) and perform a contention resolution procedure, including receiving a PDCCH signal and a PDSCH signal corresponding to the PDCCH signal (S106).

[0044] After the above process, the UE may receive PDCCH and / or PDSCH from the eNB (S107) and send a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) and / or a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) to the eNB (S108), which is a general DL and UL signal transmission process. In particular, the UE receives downlink control information (DCI) on the PDCCH. The control information sent from the UE to the eNB is collectively referred to as uplink control information (UCI). UCI includes hybrid automatic repeat and request confirmation / negative determination (HARQ-ACK / NACK), scheduling request (SR), channel state information (CSI), etc. CSI includes channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), rank indication (RI), etc. Although UCI is usually sent through PUCCH, it can be sent through PUSCH when control information and service data should be sent simultaneously. In addition, UCI can be sent aperiodically through PUSCH according to the request / instruction of the network.

[0045] Figure 2The structure of the radio frame is shown. The radio frame can be used for UL transmission and DL transmission in NR. The length of the radio frame is 10ms and can be defined by two 5ms half frames. HF may include five 1ms subframes. The subframe may be divided into one or more time slots, and the number of time slots in the SF may be determined according to the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Depending on the cyclic prefix (CP), each time slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols. In the case of normal CP (NCP), each time slot may include 14 symbols, and in the case of extended CP (ECP), each time slot may include 12 symbols. In this article, the symbol may be an OFDM symbol (or CP-OFDM symbol) or an SC-FDMA symbol (or DFT-s-OFDM symbol).

[0046] Table 1 below lists the number of symbols N per time slot according to SCS configuration μ in the case of NCP slot symb , the number of time slots per frame N frame,u slot and the number of time slots per subframe N subframe,u slot .

[0047] [Table 1]

[0048] <![CDATA[SCS(15*2 ∧ in)]]> <![CDATA[N slot symb ]]> <![CDATA[N frame,u slot ]]> <![CDATA[N subframe,u slot ]]> 15KHz(u=0) 14 10 1 30KHz(u=1) 14 20 2 60KHz(u=2) 14 40 4 120KHz(u=3) 14 80 8 240KHz(u=4) 14 160 16

[0049] Table 2 below lists the number of symbols N per time slot according to the SCS configuration μ in the case of ECP slot symb , the number of time slots per frame N frame,u slot and the number of time slots per subframe N subframe,u slot .

[0050] [Table 2]

[0051] <![CDATA[SCS(15*2 ∧ in)]]> <![CDATA[N slot symb ]]> <![CDATA[N frame,u slot ]]> <![CDATA[N subframe,u slot ]]> 60KHz(u=2) 12 40 4

[0052] The structure of the frame is only an example. The number of subframes, the number of time slots, and the number of symbols in a frame may vary.

[0053] In the NR system, OFDM parameter sets (e.g., SCS) may be configured differently for multiple cells aggregated for one UE. Therefore, the (absolute time) duration of a time resource (e.g., SF, time slot, or TTI) (referred to as a time unit (TU) for simplicity) consisting of the same number of symbols may be configured differently between aggregated cells. Here, the symbol may include an OFDM symbol (or CP-OFDM symbol) and an SC-FDMA symbol (or a discrete Fourier transform-spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol).

[0054] Figure 3 An exemplary resource grid showing the duration of a time slot. A time slot includes multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, a time slot includes 14 symbols, and in the case of an extended CP, a time slot includes 12 symbols. A carrier includes multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A resource block (RB) is defined as a plurality of (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as a plurality of physical RBs (PRBs) in the frequency domain and corresponds to a parameter set (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier may include up to N (e.g., five) BWPs. Data communication may be performed in an active BWP, and only one BWP may be enabled for a UE. Each element of a resource grid may be referred to as a resource element (RE) and mapped to a complex symbol.

[0055] Figure 4 An example of mapping physical channels in a time slot is shown. PDCCH may be sent in the DL control region, and PDSCH may be sent in the DL data region. PUCCH may be sent in the UL control region, and PUSCH may be sent in the UL data region. GP provides a time gap for switching from a transmit mode to a receive mode or from a receive mode to a transmit mode at the BS and UE. Some symbols within a subframe at a DL to UL switching time point may be configured as GP.

[0056] The individual physical channels are described in more detail below.

[0057] PDCCH transmits DCI. For example, PDCCH (i.e., DCI) may carry information about the transmission format and resource allocation of the DL shared channel (DL-SCH), resource allocation information of the uplink shared channel (UL-SCH), paging information about the paging channel (PCH), system information about DL-SCH, information about resource allocation of high-level control messages (e.g., RAR sent on PDSCH), transmit power control commands, information about the activation / release of the configured scheduling, etc. DCI includes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC). The CRC is masked using various identifiers (IDs) (e.g., radio network temporary identifier (RNTI)) according to the owner or purpose of the PDCCH. For example, if the PDCCH is used for a specific UE, the CRC is masked by the UE ID (e.g., cell-RNTI (C-RNTI)). If the PDCCH is used for a paging message, the CRC is masked by the paging-RNTI (P-RNTI). If the PDCCH is for system information (eg, system information block (SIB)), the CRC is masked by a system information RNTI (SI-RNTI). When the PDCCH is for RAR, the CRC is masked by a random access-RNTI (RA-RNTI).

[0058] The PDCCH includes 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 control channel elements (CCEs) depending on the aggregation level (AL). CCE is a logical allocation unit for providing a specific code rate to the PDCCH according to the radio channel state. CCE includes 6 resource element groups (REGs). REG is defined as one OFDM symbol and one (P)RB. The PDCCH is transmitted in a control resource set (CORESET). CORESET is defined as a set of REGs with a given parameter set (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). Multiple CORESETs for one UE may overlap with each other in the time / frequency domain. CORESET may be configured by system information (e.g., master information block (MIB)) or UE-specific high-level (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) layer) signaling. Specifically, the number of RBs and the number of OFDM symbols (up to 3) included in the CORESET may be configured by high-level signaling.

[0059] For PDCCH reception / detection, the UE monitors PDCCH candidates. PDCCH candidates represent CCEs that the UE should monitor for PDCCH detection. Each PDCCH candidate is defined as 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 CCEs according to AL. Monitoring includes (blind) decoding of PDCCH candidates. The set of PDCCH candidates monitored by the UE is defined as a PDCCH search space (SS). The SS includes a common search space (CSS) or a UE-specific search space (USS). The UE can acquire DCI by monitoring PDCCH candidates in one or more SSs configured by MIB or high-level signaling. Each CORESET is associated with one or more SSs, and each SS is associated with a COREST. SS can be defined based on the following parameters.

[0060] -controlResourceSetId: Indicates the CORESET associated with the SS

[0061] -monitoringSlotPeriodicityAndOffset: indicates PDCCH monitoring periodicity (time slot) and PDCCH monitoring period offset (time slot)

[0062] -monitoringSymbolsWithinSlot: indicates the PDCCH monitoring symbols within the slot (e.g., the first symbol of CORESET)

[0063] -nrofCandidates: AL = {1,2,4,8,16} indicates the number of PDCCH candidates (one of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8)

[0064] * A timing (eg, time / frequency resource) at which a PDCCH candidate is to be monitored is defined as a PDCCH (monitoring) timing. One or more PDCCH (monitoring) timings may be configured within a time slot.

[0065] Table 3 shows the characteristics of each SS type.

[0066] [Table 3]

[0067]

[0068] Table 4 shows the DCI format transmitted on the PDCCH.

[0069] [Table 4]

[0070]

[0071] DCI format 0_0 can be used to schedule TB-based (or TB-level) PUSCH, and DCI format 0_1 ​​can be used to schedule TB-based (or TB-level) PUSCH or code block group (CBG)-based (or CBG-level) PUSCH. DCI format 1_0 can be used to schedule TB-based (or TB-level) PDSCH, and DCI format 1_1 can be used to schedule TB-based (or TB-level) PDSCH or CBG-based (or CBG-level) PDSCH (or DL ​​grant DCI). DCI format 0_0 / 0_1 can be referred to as UL grant DCI or UL scheduling information, and DCI format 1_0 / 1_1 can be referred to as DL grant DCI or DL ​​scheduling information. DCI format 2_0 is used to transmit dynamic time slot format information (e.g., dynamic SFI) to the UE, and DCI format 2_1 can be used to transmit DL preemption information to the UE. DCI format 2_0 and / or DCI format 2_1 can be sent to UEs in the group via a group common PDCCH (a PDCCH transmitted to UEs defined as a group).

[0072] DCI format 0_0 and DCI format 1_0 may be referred to as fallback DCI formats, while DCI format 0_1 ​​and DCI format 1_1 may be referred to as non-fallback DCI formats. Under the fallback DCI format, the DCI size / field configuration remains the same regardless of the UE configuration. In contrast, under the non-fallback DCI format, the DCI size / field configuration varies according to the UE configuration.

[0073] The PDSCH carries DL data (e.g., DL-SCH transport block (DL-SCH TB)), and modulation schemes such as quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM), 64QAM, 256QAM, etc. are applied to the PDSCH. The TB is encoded to generate a codeword. The PDSCH can carry up to two codewords. Each codeword can be subjected to scrambling and modulation mapping, and the modulation symbol generated from the codeword can be mapped to one or more layers. Each layer is mapped to a resource together with a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), generated as an OFDM symbol signal and sent through a corresponding antenna port.

[0074] PUCCH carries UCI. UCI includes the following information.

[0075] -SR (Scheduling Request): Information used to request UL-SCH resources

[0076] -HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request)-ACK (Acknowledgement): A response to a DL data packet (e.g., codeword) on the PDSCH. This indicates whether the DL data packet was successfully received. One HARQ-ACK bit may be sent in response to a single codeword, and two HARQ-ACK bits may be sent in response to two codewords. The HARQ-ACK response includes a positive ACK (abbreviated as ACK), a negative ACK (NACK), DTX, or NACK / DTX. HARQ-ACK may be used interchangeably with HARQ ACK / NACK and ACK / NACK.

[0077] -CSI (Channel State Information): Feedback information of DL channels. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) related feedback information includes RI and PMI.

[0078] Table 5 shows an exemplary PUCCH format. Based on PUCCH transmission duration, the PUCCH format may be divided into short PUCCH (formats 0 and 2) and long PUCCH (formats 1, 3, and 4).

[0079] [Table 5]

[0080]

[0081] PUCCH format 0 carries up to 2 bits of UCI and is mapped and sent based on a sequence. Specifically, the UE sends one of multiple sequences through the PUCCH of PUCCH format 0 to send specific UCI to the BS. Only when a positive SR is sent, the UE sends the PUCCH of PUCCH format 0 in the PUCCH resources configured for the corresponding SR.

[0082] PUCCH format 1 carries up to 2 bits of UCI, and modulation symbols are spread in the time domain with an orthogonal cover code (OCC) (configured differently depending on whether frequency hopping is performed). DMRS is transmitted in symbols that do not carry modulation symbols (ie, transmitted in time division multiplexing (TDM)).

[0083] PUCCH format 2 carries more than 2 bits of UCI, and the modulation symbols are sent with frequency division multiplexing (FDM) using DMRS. DMRS are located in symbol indexes #1, #4, #7, and #10 within a given RB at a density of 1 / 3. Pseudo-noise (PN) sequences are used for DMRS sequences. For 2-symbol PUCCH format 2, frequency hopping can be enabled.

[0084] In PUCCH format 3, UEs do not multiplex within the same PRBS and transmit UCI of more than 2 bits. In other words, PUCCH resources of PUCCH format 3 do not include OCC. Modulation symbols are transmitted in TDM using DMRS.

[0085] PUCCH format 4 supports multiplexing of up to 4 UEs in the same physical RS and carries more than 2 bits of UCI. In other words, the PUCCH resource of PUCCH format 3 includes OCC. The modulation symbols are transmitted in TDM using DMRS.

[0086] At least one of the one or more cells configured to the UE may be configured for PUCCH transmission. At least the primary cell may be configured as a cell for PUCCH transmission. Based on at least one cell configured for PUCCH transmission, at least one PUCCH cell group may be configured for the UE, and each PUCCH cell group includes one or more cells. The PUCCH cell group may be referred to as a PUCCH group for short. PUCCH transmission may be configured not only for the primary cell but also for the Scell, and the primary cell belongs to the primary PUCCH group, while the PUCCH-SCell configured for PUCCH transmission belongs to the secondary PUCCH group. The PUCCH on the primary cell may be used for cells belonging to the primary PUCCH group, and the PUCCH on the PUCCH-SCell may be used for cells belonging to the secondary PUCCH group.

[0087] The PUSCH carries UL data (e.g., UL-SCH TB) and / or UCI, and is transmitted based on a cyclic prefix-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveform or a discrete Fourier transform-spread-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform. When the PUSCH is transmitted based on the DFT-s-OFDM waveform, the UE transmits the PUSCH by applying transform precoding. For example, when transform precoding is not possible (e.g., transform precoding is disabled), the UE may transmit the PUSCH based on the CP-OFDM waveform, and when transform precoding is possible (e.g., transform precoding is enabled), the UE may transmit the PUSCH based on the CP-OFDM waveform or the DFT-s-OFDM waveform. PUSCH transmission may be dynamically scheduled by a UL grant in the DCI, or semi-statically scheduled based on higher layer (e.g., RRC) signaling (and / or layer 1 (L1) signaling (e.g., PDCCH)). PUSCH transmission may be performed in a codebook-based or non-codebook-based manner.

[0088] Figure 5 ACK / NACK transmission processing is shown. Figure 5 , the UE may detect the PDCCH in slot #n. The PDCCH includes DL scheduling information (e.g., DCI format 1_0 or DCI format 1_1). The PDCCH indicates DL assignment with PDSCH offset K0 and PDSCH with HARQ-ACK report offset K1. For example, DCI format 1_0 or DCI format 1_1 may include the following information.

[0089] - Frequency domain resource assignment: indicates the set of RBs assigned to PDSCH

[0090] - Time domain resource assignment: Indicates K0 (e.g., slot offset), the starting position of the PDSCH in slot #n+K0 (e.g., OFDM symbol index), and the length of the PDSCH (e.g., number of OFDM symbols)

[0091] -PDSCH-to-HARQ_feedback timing indicator: indicates K1

[0092] -HARQ process number (4 bits): indicates the HARQ process identifier (ID) of the data (e.g., PDSCH or TB)

[0093] -PUCCH resource indicator (PRI): indicates the PUCCH resource to be used for UCI transmission among multiple PUCCH resources in a PUCCH resource set

[0094] Subsequently, the UE may receive the PDSCH from time slot #(n+K0) according to the scheduling information in time slot #n. Upon completion of PDSCH reception in time slot #n1 (where n+K0≤n1), the UE may send UCI via PUCCH in time slot #(n1+K1). The UCI may include a HARQ-ACK response to the PDSCH. Figure 5 In the example, it is assumed for convenience that the SCS of the PDSCH and the SCS of the PUCCH are the same and slot #n1=slot #n+K0, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. When the SCSs are different, K1 may be indicated / interpreted based on the SCS of the PUCCH.

[0095] When the PDSCH is configured to send at most one TB, the HARQ-ACK response may include one bit. When the PDSCH is configured to send at most two TBs, the HARQ-ACK response may include two bits if spatial bundling is not configured and one bit if spatial bundling is configured. When the HARQ-ACK transmission time for multiple PDSCHs is specified as time slot #(n+K1), the UCI sent in time slot #(n+K1) includes HARQ-ACK responses for multiple PDSCHs.

[0096] Whether the UE should perform spatial bundling for the HARQ-ACK response may be configured for each cell group (e.g., via RRC / high-layer signaling). For example, spatial bundling may be configured separately for each HARQ-ACK response sent via PUCCH and / or each HARQ-ACK response sent via PUSCH.

[0097] When the maximum number of TBs (or codewords) that can be received at one time (or can be scheduled by one DCI) in the corresponding serving cell is 2 (or greater) (for example, when the high-level parameter maxNrofCodeWordsScheduledByDCI corresponds to 2 TBs), spatial bundling can be supported. In addition, more than four layers can be used for 2TB transmission, and at most four layers can be used for 1TB transmission. As a result, when spatial bundling is configured for the corresponding cell group, spatial bundling can be performed for the serving cells in the cell group that can schedule more than four layers. On the serving cell, a UE that wants to send a HARQ-ACK response through spatial bundling can generate a HARQ-ACK response by performing a bit-by-bit logical AND operation on the A / N bits of multiple TBs.

[0098] For example, assuming that a UE receives a DCI that schedules two TBs and receives the two TBs through a PDSCH based on the DCI, the UE that performs spatial bundling can generate a single A / N bit by performing a logical AND operation on a first A / N bit of a first TB and a second A / N bit of a second TB. As a result, when both the first TB and the second TB are ACK, the UE reports an ACK bit value to the BS, and when either TB is NACK, the UE reports a NACK bit value to the BS.

[0099] For example, when only one TB is actually scheduled in a serving cell configured to receive two TBs, the UE may generate a single A / N bit by performing a logical AND operation on the A / N bits of the one TB and a bit value 1. As a result, the UE reports the A / N bits of the one TB to the BS as is.

[0100] There are multiple parallel DL HARQ processes for DL ​​transmission in the BS / UE. Multiple parallel HARQ processes allow DL transmission to be performed continuously while the BS waits for HARQ feedback on successful or unsuccessful reception of the previous DL transmission. Each HARQ process is associated with a HARQ buffer of the medium access control (MAC) layer. Each DL HARQ process manages state variables such as the number of transmissions of the MAC physical data block (PDU) in the buffer, the HARQ feedback for the MAC PDU in the buffer, and the current redundancy version. Each HARQ process is identified by a HARQ process ID.

[0101] Figure 6 An exemplary PUSCH transmission process is shown. Figure 6 , the UE may detect the PDCCH in slot #n. The PDCCH may include UL scheduling information (eg, DCI format 0_0 or DCI format 0_1). DCI format 0_0 or DCI format 0_1 ​​may include the following information.

[0102] - Frequency domain resource assignment: indicates the RB set allocated to PUSCH.

[0103] -Time domain resource assignment: Specify the slot offset K2 indicating the starting position (eg, symbol index) and the length of the PUSCH in the slot (eg, the number of OFDM symbols). The starting symbol and length of the PUSCH may be indicated by a start and length indicator value (SLIV) or separately.

[0104] Then, the UE may transmit the PUSCH in slot #(n+K2) according to the scheduling information in slot #n. The PUSCH includes the UL-SCH TB.

[0105] CSI related operations

[0106] Figure 7An example of a CSI-related process is shown.

[0107] The UE receives CSI-related configuration information from the BS via RRC signaling (710). The CSI-related configuration information may include at least one of channel state information-interference measurement (CSI-IM) related information, CSI measurement related information, CSI resource configuration related information, CSI-RS resource related information, or CSI report configuration related information.

[0108] -CSI-IM resources may be configured for interference measurement (IM) of the UE. In the time domain, the CSI-IM resource set may be configured as periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic. The CSI-IM resources may be configured as zero power (ZP)-CSI-RS of the UE. The ZP-CSI-RS may be configured to be distinguished from the non-zero power (NZP)-CSI-RS.

[0109] - The UE may assume that the CSI-RS resources for channel measurement and the CSI-IM / NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement configured for one CSI report have a QCL relationship with respect to the "QCL-TypeD" of each resource (when the NZP CSI-RS resources are used for interference measurement).

[0110] - The CSI resource configuration may include at least one of a CSI-IM resource for interference measurement, an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, and an NZP CSI-RS resource for channel measurement. The channel measurement resource (CMR) may be an NZP CSI-RS for CSI acquisition, and the interference measurement resource (IMR) may be an NZP CSI-RS for CSI-IM and IM.

[0111] -CSI-RS can be configured for one or more UEs. Different CSI-RS configurations can be provided for each UE, or the same CSI-RS configuration can be provided to multiple UEs. CSI-RS can support up to 32 antenna ports. CSI-RS corresponding to N (N is 1 or greater) antenna ports can be mapped to N RE positions within a time-frequency unit corresponding to one time slot and one RB. When N is 2 or greater, N-port CSI-RS can be multiplexed by CDM, FDM and / or TDM methods. CSI-RS can be mapped to the remaining REs except for REs mapped with CORESET, DMRS and SSB. In the frequency domain, CSI-RS can be configured for the entire bandwidth, a partial bandwidth part (BWP) or a partial bandwidth. CSI-RS can be sent in each RB within the bandwidth in which CSI-RS is configured (ie, density = 1), or CSI-RS can be sent in every two RBs (eg, even or odd RBs) (ie, density = 1 / 2). When CSI-RS is used as a tracking reference signal (TRS), a single-port CSI-RS may be mapped on three subcarriers in each resource block (i.e., density = 3). One or more CSI-RS resource sets may be configured for a UE in the time domain. Each CSI-RS resource set may include one or more CSI-RS configurations. Each CSI-RS resource set may be configured as periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic.

[0112] -CSI report configuration may include configuration of feedback type, measurement resources, report type, etc. NZP-CSI-RS resource set may be used for CSI report configuration of corresponding UE. NZP-CSI-RS resource set may be associated with CSI-RS or SSB. Multiple periodic NZP-CSI-RS resource sets may be configured as TRS resource sets. (i) Feedback type includes channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), SSB resource block indicator (SSBRI), layer indicator (LI), rank indicator (RI), first layer (L1)-reference signal received strength (RSRP), etc. (ii) Measurement resources may include configuration of downlink signals and / or downlink resources on which UE performs measurements to determine feedback information. Measurement resources may be configured as ZP and / or NZP CSI-RS resource sets associated with CSI report configuration. NZP CSI-RS resource sets may include CSI-RS sets or SSB sets. For example, L1-RSRP may be measured for a CSI-RS set or an SSB set. (iii) The report type may include the time at which the UE performs the report and the configuration of the uplink channel. The reporting time may be configured as periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic. Periodic CSI reports may be sent on the PUCCH. Semi-persistent CSI reports may be sent on the PUCCH or PUSCH based on a MAC CE indicating enable / disable. Aperiodic CSI reports may be indicated by DCI signaling. For example, the CSI request field of an uplink grant may indicate one of various report trigger sizes. Aperiodic CSI reports may be sent on the PUSCH.

[0113] The UE measures the CSI based on the configuration information related to the CSI. The CSI measurement may include receiving a CSI-RS (720) and acquiring the CSI by calculating the received CSI-RS (730).

[0114] The UE may send a CSI report to the BS (740). For the CSI report, time resources and frequency resources available to the UE are controlled by the BS. The channel state information (CSI) includes at least one of a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), a SS / PBCH block resource indicator (SSBRI), a layer indicator (LI), a rank indicator (RI), L1-RSRP, and / or L-SINR.

[0115] The time domain behavior of CSI reporting supports periodic, semi-persistent, and aperiodic. i) Periodic CSI reporting is performed in short PUCCH and long PUCCH. The periodicity and slot offset of periodic CSI reporting can be configured by RRC, and refer to CSI-ReportConfig IE. ii) SP (semi-periodic) CSI reporting is performed in short PUCCH, long PUCCH or PUSCH. For SP CSI in short / long PUCCH, the periodicity and slot offset are configured by RRC, and CSI reporting is enabled / disabled through a separate MAC CE / DCI. For SP CSI in PUSCH, the periodicity of SP CSI reporting is configured by RRC, but the slot offset is not configured by RRC and SP CSI reporting is enabled / disabled by DCI (format 0_1). For SP CSI reporting in PUSCH, a separate RNTI (SP-CSI C-RNTI) is used. The initial CSI report timing follows the PUSCH time domain allocation value indicated by DCI, and subsequent CSI report timing follows the periodicity configured by RRC. DCI format 0_1 ​​may include a CSI request field and enable / disable a specific configured SP-CSI triggering state. SP CSI reporting has the same or similar enable / disable mechanism as with data transmission in SPS PUSCH. iii) Aperiodic CSI reporting is performed in PUSCH and triggered by DCI. In this case, information related to the triggering of aperiodic CSI reporting may be transmitted / indicated / configured via MAC-CE. For AP CSI with AP CSI-RS, the AP CSI-RS timing is configured by RRC and the timing of the AP CSI report is dynamically controlled by DCI.

[0116] QCL (quasi-isotope)

[0117] Two antenna ports are quasi-colocated when the channel properties of an antenna port can be derived from the channel of another antenna port. The channel properties may include one or more of delay spread, Doppler spread, frequency / Doppler shift, average received power, receive timing / average delay, and spatial RX parameters.

[0118] A list of multiple TCI state configurations can be configured to the UE through the high-level parameter PDSCH-Config. Each TCI state is associated with a QCL configuration parameter between one or two DL RSs and the DMRS port of the PDSCH. The QCL may include qcl-Type1 for the first DS RS and qcl-Type2 for the second DL RS. The QCL type may correspond to one of the following types.

[0119] - "QCL-TypeA": {Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread}

[0120] - "QCL-TypeB": {Doppler shift, Doppler spread}

[0121] - "QCL-TypeC": {Doppler shift, average delay}

[0122] - "QCL-TypeD": {spatial Rx parameters}

[0123] Beam Management (BM)

[0124] BM is a series of processes for acquiring and maintaining a set of BS (or transmit and receive point (TRP)) beams and / or UE beams that can be used for DL ​​and UL transmission / reception. BM may include the following processes and terms.

[0125] -Beam measurement: The BS or UE measures the characteristics of the received beamformed signal.

[0126] -Beam determination: The BS or UE selects its transmit (Tx) beam / receive (Rx) beam.

[0127] - Beam sweeping: Covering the spatial domain using a Tx beam and / or an Rx beam in a predetermined manner during a predetermined time interval.

[0128] -Beam reporting: The UE reports information about the beamformed signal based on beam measurements.

[0129] BM processing may be divided into (1) DL BM processing using SSB or CSI-RS and (2) UL BM processing using a sounding reference signal (SRS). In addition, each BM processing may include Tx beam sweeping for determining a Tx beam and Rx beam sweeping for determining an Rx beam.

[0130] The DL BM process may include (1) beamforming DL RS (eg, CSI-RS or SSB) transmission from the BS and (2) beam reporting from the UE.

[0131] The beam report may include a preferred DL RS ID and a reference signal received power (RSRP) corresponding to the DL RS ID. The DL RS ID may be a SSB resource indicator (SSBRI) or a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI).

[0132] M-TRP (Multiple Transmit and Receive Point) transmission

[0133] NR Release 17 supports M-TRP PDCCH repetition transmission, M-TRP PDCCH / PDSCH SFN transmission, S-DCI-based M-TRP PUSCH repetition transmission, and M-TRP PUCCH repetition transmission based on a single PUCCH resource.

[0134] In all these transmission techniques, the same content (i.e., DCI, UL TB, or UCI) is repeatedly transmitted with URLLC target enhancement in order to increase reliability. The repetition transmission is performed with TDM or FDM in the case of M-TRP PDCCH repetition transmission, the repetition transmission is performed in the same time / frequency / layer in the case of M-TRP PDCCH / PDSCH SFN transmission, the repetition transmission is performed with TDM in the case of M-TRP PUSCH repetition transmission based on S-DCI, and the repetition transmission is performed with TDM in the case of M-TRPPUCCH repetition transmission based on a single PUCCH resource.

[0135] -M-TRP PDCCH repeated transmission based on S-DCI

[0136] In NR Release 17, for M-TRP PDCCH repeated transmission, multiple CORESETs configured with different TCI states (i.e., different QCL RSs) are configured for the UE, and multiple SS sets connected to the CORESETs are configured. The BS indicates / configures the link between the SS set connected to one CORESET and the SS set connected to another CORESET to / for the UE for repeated transmission, so that the UE can know that the PDCCH candidates of the SS set are repeatedly sent.

[0137] For example, two CORESETs, CORESET#0 and CORESET#1, may be configured for the UE, which are connected to SS sets #0 and #1, respectively, and SS set #0 and SS set #1 may be linked. The UE may know that the same DCI is repeatedly transmitted on the PDCCH candidate of SS set #0 and the PDCCH candidate of SS set #1, and through a specific rule, a specific PDCCH candidate of SS set #0 and a specific PDCCH candidate of SS set #1 are a pair configured for repeated transmission of the same DCI. The two PDCCH candidates are called linked PDCCH candidates, and when the UE successfully receives either of the two PDCCH candidates, the UE may successfully decode the DCI. However, when receiving PDCCH candidates of SS set #0, the UE uses the QCL RS (i.e., DL beam) of the TCI state connected to CORESET #0 of SS set #0, and when receiving PDCCH candidates of SS set #1, it uses the QCL RS (i.e., DL beam) of the TCI state connected to CORESET #1 of SS set #1, so that the UE receives the linked PDCCH candidates in different beams.

[0138] -M-TRP SFN PDCCH

[0139] As a special case of M-TRP PDCCH repetitive transmission, multiple TRPs can repeatedly send the same DCI over the same time / frequency / DM-RS port, which can be called SFN PDCCH transmission. However, for SFN PDCCH transmission, the BS configures multiple TCI states for one CORESET (rather than multiple CORESETs with different TCI states). When the UE receives a PDCCH candidate in the SS set connected to this one CORESET, it performs channel estimation on the PDCCH DM-RS and attempts to decode the PDCCH DM-RS using all these multiple TCI states.

[0140] -M-TRP SFN PDSCH

[0141] In the above-mentioned M-TRP PDSCH repetition transmission, the two TRPs repeatedly send the corresponding channels in different resources. However, in special cases, when the two TRPs use the same resources, that is, even when the same channel is repeatedly sent in the same frequency, time and layer (or DM-RS port), the reliability of the channel can be improved. In this case, the repeatedly transmitted same channels are combined and received in the air because their resources are not distinguished. Therefore, from the perspective of the receiver, they are identified as one channel. In the NR standard, for PDSCH SFN transmission, two DL TCI states can be configured for PDSCH DM-RS reception.

[0142] -M-TRP PUSCH repeated transmission based on S-DCI

[0143] For S-DCI-based M-TRP PUSCH transmission, the BS configures two SRS sets for the UE, and the SRS sets are used to indicate the UL transmission port and UL beam / QCL information of TRP#1 and TRP#2, respectively. In addition, the BS may indicate the SRS resources of the corresponding SRS set through two SRI fields in one DCI, and indicate up to two power control (PC) parameter sets. For example, the first SRI field may indicate the SRS resources and PC parameter set defined for set 0, and the second SRI field may indicate the SRS resources and PC parameter set defined for set 1.

[0144] The UE receives an indication of the UL Tx port, PC parameter set, and UL beam / QCL information for TRP#1 through the first SRI field, and performs PUSCH transmission in the TO corresponding to SRS set #0. Similarly, the UE receives an indication of the UL Tx port, PC parameter set, and UL beam / QCL information for TRP#2 through the second SRI field, and performs PUSCH transmission in the TO corresponding to SRS set #1.

[0145] -M-TRP PUCCH repetitive transmission based on a single PUCCH resource

[0146] For M-TRP PUCCH transmission based on a single PUCCH resource, the BS enables / configures two spatial relationship information for a single PUCCH resource for the UE, and when the UE sends UCI in the PUCCH resource, the spatial relationship information is used to indicate the spatial relationship information of TRP#1 and TRP#2 respectively.

[0147] For example, the UE receives an indication of the Tx beam / PC parameters for TRP#1 through the value indicated by the first spatial relationship information, and uses the information to perform PUCCH transmission in the TO corresponding to TRP#1. Similarly, the UE receives an indication of the Tx beam / PC parameters for TRP#2 through the value indicated by the second spatial relationship information, and uses the information to perform PUCCH transmission in the TO corresponding to TRP#2.

[0148] In the Rel 17 standardization meeting, the configuration method is enhanced so that two spatial relationship information can be configured for PUCCH resources for M-TRP PUCCH repeated transmission. That is, when the PC parameters are set in each spatial relationship information, the spatial relationship RS can be configured. As a result, the PC information and spatial relationship RS information corresponding to the two TRPs can be configured through the two spatial relationship information, and the UE uses the first spatial relationship information to send UCI in TO 1 through PUCCH, and uses the second spatial relationship information to send the same UCI (i.e., CSI, ACKNAK, SR) in TO 2 through PUCCH.

[0149] In the following, a PUCCH resource configured with two spatial relationship information is referred to as an M-TRP PUCCH resource, and a PUCCH resource configured with one spatial relationship information is referred to as an S-TRP PUCCH resource.

[0150] Meaning of TCI status / beam indication

[0151] Using or mapping a specific TCI state (or TCI) when receiving data / DCI / UCI in a specific frequency / time / space resource may mean that in DL, the QCL type and QCL RS indicated by the DL TCI state are used to estimate the channel from the DM-RS in the frequency / time / space resource, and data / DCI is received / demodulated based on the estimated channel.

[0152] In UL, it may mean sending / modulating DM-RS and data / UCI in frequency / time / space resources using the Tx beam and / or Tx power indicated by the UL TCI state.

[0153] The UL TCI state includes information about a Tx beam or Tx power for the UE, which may be configured for the UE through other parameters such as spatial relation information rather than the TCI state.

[0154] The UL TCI state may be directly indicated by the DCI carrying the UL grant, or may mean the spatial relationship information of the SRS resource indicated by the SRI field in the UL grant DCI. Alternatively, it may mean the open-loop Tx power control parameter linked to the value indicated by the SRI field in the UL grant DCI. Alternatively, the UL TCI may be indicated by the DL grant DCI.

[0155] Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML)

[0156] With the development of AI / ML technology, nodes and UEs constituting wireless communication networks are becoming intelligent / advanced. In particular, due to the intelligence of the network / BS, it is expected that various network / BS-determined parameter values ​​(e.g., the transmission and reception power of each BS, the transmission power of each UE, the precoder / beam of the BS / UE, the time / frequency resource allocation of each UE, or the duplex method of the BS) are quickly optimized and derived / applied according to various environmental parameters (e.g., the distribution / location of the BS, the distribution / location / material of the buildings / furniture, the location / moving direction / speed of the UE, and climate information). In line with this trend, many standardization organizations (e.g., 3GPP or O-RAN) are considering the introduction of these network / BS-determined parameter values, and research on this is also actively underway.

[0157] In a narrow sense, AI / ML can be easily referred to as artificial intelligence based on deep learning, but in Figure 8 The concept is shown in FIG.

[0158] - Artificial Intelligence: This can correspond to all automation where machines replace human work.

[0159] -Machine Learning: Machines learn decision-making patterns from data without explicit programming rules.

[0160] - Deep learning: This is an AI / ML model based on artificial neural networks, where the machine performs everything from unstructured data to feature extraction and determination at once, and the algorithm depends on the biological nervous system, that is, a multi-layer network of interconnected nodes for feature extraction and transformation inspired by neural networks. Common deep learning network architectures may include deep neural networks (DNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and convolutional neural networks (CNNs).

[0161] Classification of AI / ML types according to various references

[0162] 1. Offline vs. online

[0163] (1) Offline learning: Offline learning follows a sequential process of data collection, training, and prediction. In other words, collection and training are performed offline, and the completed program is installed on-site for the prediction task. In most cases, offline learning methods are used.

[0164] (2) Online learning: Online learning refers to a method of incrementally learning newly generated data to gradually improve performance based on the continuous generation of data available for learning through the Internet.

[0165] 2. Classification based on AI / ML framework concepts

[0166] (1) Centralized learning: When training data collected from multiple different nodes are reported to a centralized node, all data resources / storage / learning (e.g., supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning) are performed by one central node.

[0167] (2) Federated Learning: A collective AI / ML model is configured based on data across decentralized data owners. Instead of using the data in the AI / ML model, the local node / individual device collects the data and trains its copy of the AI / ML model, so there is no need to report the source data to the central node. In federated learning, the parameters / weights of the AI / ML model can be sent back to the centralized node to support general AI / ML model training. The advantages of federated learning include increased computing speed and information security advantages. That is, there is no need to upload personal data to a central server for processing, which can prevent the leakage and abuse of personal information.

[0168] (3) Distributed Learning: Machine learning processing represents the concept of scaling and deployment across a cluster of nodes. Training AI / ML models is split and shared across multiple nodes operating simultaneously to accelerate AI / ML model training.

[0169] 3. Classification based on learning methods

[0170] (1) Supervised learning: Supervised learning is a machine learning task that aims to learn a mapping function from input to output when given a labeled data set. The input data is called training data and has a known label or outcome. Examples of supervised learning may include (i) regression: linear regression, logistic regression, (ii) instance-based algorithms: k-nearest neighbor (KNN), (iii) decision tree algorithms: CART, (iv) support vector machines: SVM, (v) Bayesian algorithms: Naive Bayes, and (vi) ensemble algorithms: extreme gradient boosting, packing: random forest. Due to regression problems and classification problems, supervised learning can be further divided into categories, classification predicts labels, and regression predicts quantities.

[0171] (2) Unsupervised learning: This is a machine learning task that aims to learn a function that describes the hidden structure in unlabeled data. The input data is unlabeled and there is no known outcome. Some examples of unsupervised learning include K-means clustering, principal component analysis (PCA), nonlinear independent component analysis (ICA), and LSTM.

[0172] (3) Reinforcement Learning: In reinforcement learning (RL), an agent aims to optimize long-term goals by interacting with the environment based on a trial-and-error process, which is goal-oriented learning based on interaction with the environment. Examples of RL algorithms may include (i) Q-learning, (ii) multi-armed bandit learning, (iii) deep Q-networks, state-action-reward-state-action (SARSA), (iv) temporal difference learning, (v) actor-critic reinforcement learning, (vi) deep deterministic policy gradient, and (vii) Monte Carlo tree search. RL can be further grouped into AI / ML model-based RL and AI / ML model-free RL. Model-based RL is an RL algorithm that uses a predictive AI / ML model to obtain transition probabilities between states using various dynamics and AI / ML models of the environment, where these states result in rewards. Model-free RL is a value-based or policy-based RL algorithm that achieves maximum future rewards, which is less computationally complex in multi-agent environments / states and does not require an accurate representation of the environment. RL algorithms can also be classified into value-based RL versus policy-based RL, policy-based RL versus non-policy RL, etc.

[0173] AI / ML Models

[0174] Fig. 9 An example of a feed-forward neural network (FFNN) AI / ML model is shown. Fig. 9 ,FFNN AI / ML model includes input layer, hidden layer and output layer.

[0175] Fig.10 A recurrent neural network (RNN) AI / ML model is shown. Fig.10 , the RNN AI / ML model is an artificial neural network with directed loops in which hidden nodes are connected by directed edges, which is suitable for processing sequential data such as speech and text. One type of RNN is the long short-term memory (LSTM), which adds a cell state to the hidden state of the RNN. Specifically, in LSTM, an input gate, a forget gate, and an output gate are added to the RNN cell along with the cell state.

[0176] Fig.11 Figure 2 shows a convolutional neural network (CNN) AI / ML model. CNN applies convolution operations commonly used in image or video processing to achieve two purposes: reducing the complexity of the AI / ML model and extracting valuable features. Fig.11, a kernel (or filter) refers to a unit / structure that applies weights to an input of a certain range / unit. Stride refers to the range of movement of the kernel within the input. A feature map refers to the result of applying the kernel to the input. Padding refers to the value added to adjust the size of the feature map. Pooling refers to operations used to undersample feature maps to reduce the size of the feature map (e.g., max pooling, average pooling).

[0177] Fig.12 Figure 2 shows an autoencoder AI / ML model. Fig.12 , an autoencoder is a neural network that receives a feature vector x as input and outputs the same vector or a similar vector x'. An autoencoder has the same characteristics as the input nodes and output nodes and is a type of unsupervised learning.

[0178] Fig.13 is a diagram for explaining the framework of 3GPP Radio Access Network (RAN) intelligence.

[0179] The following AI / ML related terms can be defined (refer to 3GPP TS37.817):

[0180] -Data Collection: Data collection refers to the data collected from network nodes, management entities or UEs, which is used as the basis for AI / ML model training, data analysis and inference.

[0181] -ML Model: ML models are data-driven algorithms that generate an output set consisting of prediction information based on an input set by applying ML techniques.

[0182] -ML Training: ML training is an online or offline process of training AI / ML models by learning the features and patterns that best represent the data and obtaining the trained AI / ML models for inference.

[0183] -ML Inference: ML inference is the process of using a trained AI / ML model to make predictions or guide decisions based on the collected data and the AI / ML model.

[0184] Reference Fig.13 , data collection is the function of providing input data for AI / ML model training and inference. Data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, and transformation) for individual AI / ML algorithms is not performed in the data collection function.

[0185] Examples of input data may include measurements from UEs or other network entities, feedback from actors, and outputs of AI / ML models. Training data refers to input data required for the training function of an AI / ML model. Inference data is input data required for the inference function of an AI / ML model.

[0186] AI / ML model training is a function that performs training, validation, and testing of AI / ML models as part of the AI / ML model testing process and generates performance metrics for the AI / ML models. If necessary, the AI / ML model training function can handle data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, and transformation) based on the training data provided by the data collection function.

[0187] AI / ML model deployment / update: AI / ML model deployment / update is used to initially deploy trained, validated, and tested AI / ML models to the AI / ML model inference function or to provide updated AI / ML models to the AI / ML model inference function.

[0188] Model reasoning is a function that provides AI / ML model reasoning output (e.g., prediction or decision). In some cases, the AI / ML model reasoning function may provide performance feedback to the AI / ML model training function. If necessary, the AI / ML model reasoning function may also perform data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, and transformation) based on the reasoning data provided by the data collection function. Output refers to the reasoning output of the AI ​​model generated by the AI / ML model reasoning function. AI / ML model performance feedback can be used to monitor the performance of the AI / ML model.

[0189] Actors are functions that receive the output of AI / ML model reasoning functions and trigger or perform related actions. Actors can trigger tasks for other entities or the actor itself. Feedback refers to information that may be needed to derive training data, reasoning data, or performance feedback.

[0190] Dataset

[0191] The data used in AI / ML may include at least one of the following: AI / ML model training data, validation data, or test data.

[0192] AI / ML model training data refers to the data set used to train AI / ML models.

[0193] Validation data is a data set used to validate the AI / ML model after training is complete. Validation data can be used to prevent overfitting of the AI / ML model training data set. Validation data can also be used as a data set for selecting the best model among the various AI / ML models trained during the training process. Therefore, validation data can also be considered a kind of learning.

[0194] The test data is the dataset used for final evaluation and can be used independently from the training.

[0195] For example, AI / ML model training data and validation data can be used in a ratio of approximately 8:2 or 7:3. If test data is also considered, a ratio of 6:2:2 (training: validation: test) can be used.

[0196] Collaboration Level

[0197] For example, the cooperation level may be defined as follows according to the capabilities of the AI / ML functions between the BS and the UE. Modification by combination or separation of the following levels is also possible.

[0198] Cat 0a) No collaborative framework: Implement AI / ML algorithms without changing the wireless interface.

[0199] Cat 0b) provides a modified wireless interface to enable more efficient AI / ML algorithms.

[0200] Cat 1) Nodes can collaborate to improve the AI / ML algorithms of each node. The UE can receive assistance from the BS or provide assistance to the BS for training, adaptation, etc. However, there is no need to exchange AI / ML model information between network nodes.

[0201] Cat 2) As a joint AI / ML operation between UE and BS, indication / exchange between network nodes is required.

[0202] Time Domain (TD) Compressed Codebook

[0203] Fig.14 and Fig.15 An example of reporting a precoding matrix index (PMI) for multiple time instances is shown.

[0204] in particular, Fig.14 and Fig.15 PMI shown ref_rsc 、PMI ref_rsc+τ and PMI ref_rsc+2τ Compression is performed based on the TD compression codebook to reduce the PMI feedback overhead.

[0205] To determine the time instance of the channel represented by the PMI, the BS may Fig.14 and Fig.15 The following signaling is performed to the UE as shown. For example, the signaling can be provided as a parameter of the codebook configuration through RRC signaling.

[0206] First, indicate the number of time instances to be represented by the PMI. Fig.14 and Fig.15In the example of , the number of time instances is 3. The number of time instances may be configured taking into account the time variability of the channel. To this end, the UE may report information about its speed, Doppler information (Doppler shift / spread spectrum), etc. to the BS. Alternatively, the UE may report a preferred number of time instances to the BS based on its speed or Doppler information, and the BS may confirm or make a final selection. The UE may report candidate values ​​for the number of time instances as UE capabilities.

[0207] Alternatively, the value of τ, which represents the interval between time instances, can be expressed as Fig.14 and Fig.15 The value of τ may be configured taking into account the time variability of the channel, for which the UE may report information about its speed, Doppler information (Doppler shift / spread spectrum), etc. to the BS. Alternatively, the UE may report a preferred value of τ to the BS based on its speed or Doppler information, and the BS may confirm or make a final selection. The value of τ may be expressed as an absolute time, a time slot, an OFDM symbol, etc. The UE may report candidate values ​​of the value of τ as UE capabilities.

[0208] The CSI reference resource may be used to indicate which time instance among the configured time instances the corresponding time instance corresponds to.

[0209] exist Fig.14 In the example, the CSI reference resource is configured at the first time instance among the three time instances. To this end, the BS may configure the time instance offset of the CSI reference resource to 0. Since the CSI reference resource is configured at the first time instance, the remaining time instances after the first time instance are configured after the CSI reference resource. Fig.15 In the example, the CSI reference resource is configured at the last (third) time instance among the three time instances. To this end, the BS may configure the time instance offset of the CSI reference resource to be 2. Since the CSI reference resource is configured at the third time instance, the remaining time instances before the last (third) time instance are configured in front of the CSI reference resource.

[0210] The time instance offset may be configured taking into account the time variability of the channel, for which the UE may report information about its speed, Doppler information (Doppler shift / spread spectrum), etc. to the BS. Alternatively, the UE may report a preferred time instance offset to the BS based on its speed or Doppler information, and the BS may confirm or make a final selection. In addition, according to the UE implementation, the UE is classified into two types: Fig.14 A UE capable of configuring a time instance offset at a time instance other than the last time instance as shown; and Fig.15 The UE is shown to be able to configure the time instance offset only at the last time instance, which can be reported as a UE capability. The latter is simpler to implement because no channel prediction is required, while the former is more complex because channel prediction is required.

[0211] More specifically, in the former case, the minimum value of the configurable time instance offset or the candidate of the configurable time instance offset may be additionally reported. The smaller the minimum value, the more channel predictions need to be performed, which increases the complexity of UE implementation.

[0212] Time Domain Channel Properties (TDCP) reporting

[0213] The UE calculates the time domain channel property (TDCP) from the TRS and reports the TDCP to the BS. In this case, the TDCP can be reported as one of the CSI reporting quantities in the CSI, or can be reported as a new UCI separated from the CSI. The former case is called non-independent mode, and the latter case is called independent mode.

[0214] (1) Proposal 1 - TDCP reporting in non-standalone mode

[0215] In the case of existing wideband (WB) CSI reporting, the coding order of CSI quantities is CRI, RI, LI, PMI and CQI.

[0216] The coding order of TDCP is determined as CRI, RI, LI, TDCP, PMI and CQI. TDCP is placed before PMI because it is a PMI compensation value for time-varying channels. Alternatively, TDCP can be placed between CRI and RI because it can be used to compensate for RI / CQI and PMI of time-varying channels.

[0217] Alternatively, TDCP may be encoded first (before CRI) or last (after CQI) to reuse existing UE implementations by maintaining the existing coding order as much as possible.

[0218] Alternatively, the existing subband (SB) CSI is divided into CSI part 1 and CSI part 2, and the CSI parts are separately encoded. TDCP may be encoded in CSI part 1 because the payload size does not change due to the existing CSI part 1.

[0219] The existing coding order of CSI part 1 includes CRI, RI and CQI for the first transport block, and the number of non-zero amplitude coefficients (NZC) is configured as PMI after CQI. TDCP is placed before CQI because it can be used for CQI compensation of time-varying channels. Alternatively, TDCP can be placed between CRI and RI because it can be used for RI compensation and CQI / PMI compensation of time-varying channels.

[0220] Alternatively, TDCP may be coded first (before CRI) or last (after non-zero amplitude coefficients) to reuse existing UE implementations by maintaining the existing coding order as much as possible.

[0221] Alternatively, TDCP may be encoded in CSI Part 2.

[0222] Since TDCP is a common value for determination of CSI compensation and CSI-related configuration, it can be reported with a higher priority than SB CSI. That is, when CSI omission is applied, in the priority grouping of groups 0 to 2, TDCP may belong to group 0 and may have a higher priority than groups 1 and 2. In addition, when CSI omission is applied, TDCP has the same priority as WB CSI and has a higher priority than even SB CSI and odd SB CSI.

[0223] For example, in the existing WB CSI part 2, encoding is performed in the order of WB CQI, LI, and WB PMI. Regarding the encoding order, in order to reuse the existing UE implementation by maintaining the existing encoding order as much as possible, the TDCP in the WB CSI may be encoded first (ie, before the WB CQI) or last (ie, after the WB PMI).

[0224] In case of a conflict between CSI reports, the priority of the CSI is determined according to Equation 1, and the CSI with a larger value is discarded.

[0225] [Formula 1]

[0226] Pri iCSI (y,k,c,s)=2·N cells ·M s y+N cells M s ·k+M s ·c+s

[0227] In the above formula, the determination of k depends on whether L1-RSRP / L1-SINR exists. CSI including L1-RSRP / L1-SINR has a higher priority than CSI not including L1-RSRP / L1-SINR. The embodiment proposes a method for subdividing the determination of k into a case where TDCP is included in CSI and a case where TDCP is not included. With the introduction of TDCP, CSI can be classified into the following three types:

[0228] - CSI including L1-RSRP / L1-SINR (i.e., CSI#1)

[0229] - CSI including TDCP or TDCP-only reporting (i.e., CSI#2)

[0230] - Other CSI (ie, CSI #3)

[0231] For these three types of CSI, the priority may be determined in the order of CSI#1, CSI#2, and CSI#3. In other words, in the case of CSI not including L1-RSRP / L1-SINR, the priority of CSI including TDCP is higher than that of CSI not including TDCP. Specifically, for CSI#1, CSI#2, and CSI#3, k is determined to be 0, 1, and 2, respectively.

[0232] Alternatively, to reduce implementation complexity, CSI#2 may be considered to have the same priority as L1-RSRP / SINR (ie, CSI#1), or the same priority as general CSI (ie, CSI#3).

[0233] Alternatively, the priorities of the three types of CSI may be determined in the order of CSI#2, CSI#1, and CSI#3. In this case, k is determined to be 1, 0, and 2 for CSI#1, CSI#2, and CSI#3, respectively. The priority of CSI including TDCP is higher than that of CSI not including TDCP. In the case of CSI not including TDCP, the priority of CSI including L1-RSRP / L1-SINR is higher than that of CSI not including L1-RSRP / L1-SINR.

[0234] [Formula 2]

[0235] Pri iCSI (y,k,c,s)=3·N cells ·M s y+N cells ·M s ·k+M s ·c+s

[0236] When TDCP is included in CSI, the number of CSI processing units (CPUs) used for CSI is determined as the sum of the number of existing CPUs and α (eg, 1). In other words, TDCP is calculated using additional CPUs of the number α.

[0237] When TDCP is included in CSI, Z and Z' are determined as the sum of existing values ​​of Z and Z' and α (eg, 1 symbol) as values ​​for determining CSI processing time. In other words, it may take time as much as α symbols to calculate TDCP.

[0238] (2) Proposal 2 - TDCP reporting in standalone mode

[0239] Fig.16 FIG. 1 shows RE positions of UCI and data when UCI is multiplexed on PUSCH in the 3GPP NR standard.

[0240] Reference Fig.15, ACK / NACK information is sent sequentially from the first symbol after the DM-RS symbol. Once the ACK / NACK RE is determined, CSI Part 1 is sent on and after the next available symbol. Once the ACK / NACK RE and CSI Part 1 RE are determined, CSI Part 2 is sent on and after the next available symbol, followed by data transmission in the remaining REs.

[0241] In the case of adding TDCP to UCI, ACK / NACK( / SR) REs may be determined, and TDCP information may be sent on and after the next available symbol. Then, when the TDCP REs are determined, the transmission symbols and REs are determined for CSI part 1, CSI part 2, and data in the existing order. TDCP is not as important as ACK / NACK( / SR), but it is more important than CSI because it is generally used for CSI compensation and CSI-related configuration. Therefore, TDCP may be placed closer to DM-RS symbols than CSI to improve the accuracy of channel estimation for TDCP modulation.

[0242] Alternatively, the REs of the existing UCI may be determined while maintaining the symbol and RE mapping order of the existing UCI. Then, the TDCP information may be sent on and after the next available symbol, and data may be sent in the remaining REs. This is intended to facilitate UE implementation by reusing the RE mapping order of the existing UCI as much as possible.

[0243] When PUCCH / PUSCH for reporting different UCIs overlap on the same symbol, the UCIs may be multiplexed into one PUCCH / PUSCH and transmitted based on BS configuration or UE capability, or lower priority UCIs may be dropped and higher priority UCIs may be reported.

[0244] In the case where existing multiplexing is not possible, ACK / NACK( / SR) is assigned a higher priority than CSI, and CSI is discarded. In the case of adding TDCP to UCI, the priority may be determined in the order of ACK / NACK( / SR)>TDCP>CSI. TDCP is not as important as ACK / NACK for reporting the status of successful downlink reception or SR for requesting uplink scheduling, but it is more important than CSI because it is generally used for CSI compensation and CSI-related configuration. Alternatively, CSI may take precedence over TDCP, so the priority may be determined in the order of ACK / NACK( / SR)>CSI>TDCP.

[0245] Alternatively, TDCP may have the same priority as CSI. In this case, UE implementation may be facilitated and TDCP may be considered as a single-part CSI part, rather than being divided into Part 1 and Part 2. In other words, TDCP follows the same rules as CSI regarding UCI multiplexing / dropping rules.

[0246] When TDCP reporting is performed in an aperiodic (AP) manner, the UE uses the AP TRS configured for reporting. However, since the AP TRS is sent only once on 1 time slot or 2 time slots, there is no sufficient measurement time window for TDCP calculation of Doppler information, etc. Therefore, even for aperiodic (AP) TDCP reporting, a periodic TRS (P-TRS) may be used together with or independently of the AP-TRS to calculate / report the TDCP. To this end, the UE calculates / reports the TDCP using the P-TRS of the type AQCL RS configured as the AP-TRS.

[0247] TDCP is determined as UCI separated from CSI, but must perform operations similar to CSI in performing channel measurement to calculate / report channel information. Therefore, even when TDCP is reported independently, CPU, Z, and Z' may be applied. Since TDCP is calculated by measuring one TRS, the number of CPUs is determined to be 1. Alternatively, when TDCP is calculated by measuring N TRSs, the number of CPUs is determined to be N. For Z and Z', new values ​​(Z4 and Z4') different from existing values ​​(Z1, Z2, Z3, Z1', Z2', and Z3') may be defined / applied.

[0248] Fig.17 is a flow chart illustrating a process of reporting TDCP according to the present disclosure.

[0249] Reference Fig.17 , in operation A05, the UE receives a TDCP report request signal from the BS.

[0250] The TDCP report request signal may indicate at least one AP-TRS.

[0251] Next, in operation A10, the UE may receive at least one AP-TRS from the BS based on the TDCP report request signal.

[0252] Next, in operation A15, the UE calculates the TDCP based on the at least one AP-TRS. In addition, the at least one P-TRS may be used together with the at least one AP-TRS for TDCP calculation. In this case, the at least one P-TRS may be configured as a type A QCL (quasi-co-located) RS of the at least one AP-TRS.

[0253] The number of CSI processing units (CPUs) configured to calculate CSI including TDCP is determined based on the number of TRSs related to the calculation of TDCP. In addition, the first minimum time interval (i.e., Z) from receiving a TDCP report request signal to reporting CSI and the second minimum time interval (i.e., Z') from receiving at least one TRS to reporting CSI are determined based on the number of TRSs related to the calculation of TDCP.

[0254] Finally, in operation A20, the UE transmits CSI including TDCP as a single part to the BS. TDCP is processed as a single-part CSI instead of being divided into part 1 and part 2. In other words, TDCP is subject to rules as CSI regarding UCI multiplexing / dropping.

[0255] The final application can be realized using the combination / integration of the proposals in this disclosure.

[0256] The parameters referred to in the proposals in this disclosure, the applicability of the proposals, etc. may be indicated by the BS to the UE, reported by the UE to the BS, or set to fixed values.

[0257] The recommendations for non-independent reporting also apply to independent reporting. Conversely, the recommendations for independent reporting also apply to non-independent reporting.

[0258] Fig.18 An exemplary communication system to which the present embodiment is applied is shown.

[0259] Reference Fig.18, the communication system 1 applied to the present embodiment includes a wireless device, a base station (BS), and a network. Herein, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G new RAT (NR) or long term evolution (LTE)), and may be referred to as a communication / radio / 5G device. The wireless device may include (but is not limited to) a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, an extended reality (XR) device 100c, a handheld device 100d, a home appliance 100e, an Internet of Things (IoT) device 100f, and an artificial intelligence (AI) device / server 400. For example, a vehicle may include a vehicle with a wireless communication function, an autonomous driving vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing communication between vehicles. Herein, a vehicle may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). XR devices may include augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) devices, and may be implemented in the form of a head mounted device (HMD), a head up display (HUD) installed in a vehicle, a television, a smart phone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, a digital sign, a vehicle, a robot, etc. Handheld devices may include smart phones, smart boards, wearable devices (e.g., smart watches or smart glasses), and computers (e.g., notebooks). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices may include sensors and smart meters. For example, a BS and a network may be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device 200a may operate as a BS / network node relative to other wireless devices.

[0260] The wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 300 via the BS 200. The AI ​​technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f, and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI ​​server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Although the wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other via the BS 200 / network 300, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may perform direct communication (e.g., side link communication) with each other without passing through the BS / network. For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). An IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., a sensor) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0261] Wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b or 150c may be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f / BS200 or BS200 / BS200. Herein, wireless communication / connection may be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication) or inter-BS communication (e.g., relay, integrated access backhaul (IAB)). The wireless device and the BS / wireless device may send / receive radio signals to / from each other through wireless communication / connection 150a and 150b. For example, wireless communication / connection 150a and 150b may send / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least a portion of various configuration information for configuring processes for sending / receiving radio signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and resource allocation processes may be performed based on various proposals of the present embodiment.

[0262] Fig.19 An exemplary wireless device to which the present embodiment is applicable is shown.

[0263] Reference Fig.19 , the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 may transmit radio signals via various RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). Herein, {the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} may correspond to Fig.18 {wireless device 100x and BS 200} and / or {wireless device 100x and wireless device 100x}.

[0264] The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and further include one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processor 102 may control the memory 104 and / or the transceiver 106, and may be configured to implement the description, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor 102 may process the information in the memory 104 to generate first information / signals, and then transmit a radio signal including the first information / signals through the transceiver 106. The processor 102 may receive a radio signal including second information / signals through the transceiver 106, and then store information obtained by processing the second information / signals in the memory 104. The memory 104 may be connected to the processor 102, and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 102. For example, the memory 104 may store software codes including commands for executing part or all of the processes controlled by the processor 102 or for executing the description, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Herein, the processor 102 and the memory 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 106 may be connected to the processor 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 108. Each transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 106 may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In this embodiment, the wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0265] The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204, and further include one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processor 202 may control the memory 204 and / or the transceiver 206, and may be configured to implement the description, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor 202 may process the information in the memory 204 to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a radio signal including the third information / signals through the transceiver 206. The processor 202 may receive a radio signal including fourth information / signals through the transceiver 206, and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information / signals in the memory 204. The memory 204 may be connected to the processor 202, and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202. For example, the memory 204 may store software codes including commands for executing part or all of the processes controlled by the processor 202 or for executing the description, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Herein, the processor 202 and the memory 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 206 may be connected to the processor 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 208. Each transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 206 may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In this embodiment, the wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0266] In the following, the hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by (but not limited to) one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and / or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) including a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the description, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document, and provide the generated signal to one or more transceivers 106 and 206. One or more processors 102 and 202 may receive a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) from one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and obtain the PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the description, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0267] One or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be configured to include modules, processes, or functions. Firmware or software configured to execute the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in this document may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in one or more memories 104 and 204 to be driven by one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operational flow charts disclosed in this document may be implemented in the form of codes, commands and / or command sets using firmware or software.

[0268] One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard disk drive, register, cache memory, computer-readable storage medium and / or a combination thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 by various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0269] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may send user data, control information and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the method and / or operation flow chart of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the description, function, process, proposal, method and / or operation flow chart disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and send and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may send user data, control information or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information or radio signals from one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208, and one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to send and receive user data, control information and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the description, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operation flow charts disclosed in this document through one or more antennas 108 and 208. In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received radio signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals so as to process received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors 102 and 202 from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more of the transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0270] Fig. 20 2 shows other exemplary wireless devices to which this embodiment is applied. The wireless device may be configured to receive the wireless signal according to the usage / service (see Fig.18 ) are implemented in various forms.

[0271] Reference Fig. 20 , the wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond to Fig.19The wireless devices 100 and 200 of the present invention may be configured by various elements, components, units / parts and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130 and an additional component 140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 and a transceiver 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include Fig.19 One or more processors 102 and 202 and / or one or more memories 104 and 204. For example, the transceiver 114 may include Fig.19 The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory unit 130, and the additional components 140, and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may transmit information stored in the memory unit 130 to the outside (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface, or store information received from the outside (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110 in the memory unit 130 through a wireless / wired interface.

[0272] The additional components 140 may be configured differently depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional components 140 may include at least one of a power supply unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit, a drive unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device may be configured in the form of, but not limited to, a robot ( Fig.18 100a), vehicles ( Fig.18 100b-1 and 100b-2), XR devices ( Fig.18 100c), handheld device ( Fig.18 100d), household appliances ( Fig.18 100e), IoT devices ( Fig.18 100f), digital broadcasting terminal, holographic device, public safety device, MTC device, medical device, fintech device (or financial device), security device, climate / environmental device, AI server / device ( Fig.18 400), BS( Fig.18 200), network nodes, etc. The wireless device can be used in a mobile or fixed location according to the usage example / service.

[0273] exist Fig. 20In the wireless devices 100 and 200, various elements, components, units / parts and / or modules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 may all be connected to each other through a wired interface, or at least a part thereof may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 may be wired, and the control unit 120 and the first unit (e.g., 130 and 140) may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. The various elements, components, units / parts and / or modules within the wireless devices 100 and 200 may also include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 may be configured by a collection of one or more processors. As an example, the control unit 120 may be configured by a collection of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing unit and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory unit 130 may be configured by a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read-only memory (ROM)), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0274] Fig.21 An exemplary vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle to which the present embodiment is applied is shown. The vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned / unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc.

[0275] One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard disk drive, register, cache memory, computer-readable storage medium and / or a combination thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 by various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0276] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may send user data, control information and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the method and / or operation flow chart of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the description, function, process, proposal, method and / or operation flow chart disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and send and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may send user data, control information or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information or radio signals from one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208, and one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to send and receive user data, control information and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the description, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operation flow charts disclosed in this document through one or more antennas 108 and 208. In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received radio signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals so as to process received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors 102 and 202 from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more of the transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0277] Fig. 20 2 shows other exemplary wireless devices to which this embodiment is applied. The wireless device may be configured to receive the wireless signal according to the usage / service (see Fig.18 ) are implemented in various forms.

[0278] Reference Fig. 20 , the wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond to Fig.19The wireless devices 100 and 200 of the present invention may be configured by various elements, components, units / parts and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130 and an additional component 140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 and a transceiver 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include Fig.19 One or more processors 102 and 202 and / or one or more memories 104 and 204. For example, the transceiver 114 may include Fig.19 The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory unit 130, and the additional components 140, and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may transmit information stored in the memory unit 130 to the outside (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface, or store information received from the outside (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110 in the memory unit 130 through a wireless / wired interface.

[0279] The additional components 140 may be configured differently depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional components 140 may include at least one of a power supply unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit, a drive unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device may be configured in the form of, but not limited to, a robot ( Fig.18 100a), vehicles ( Fig.18 100b-1 and 100b-2), XR devices ( Fig.18 100c), handheld device ( Fig.18 100d), household appliances ( Fig.18 100e), IoT devices ( Fig.18 100f), digital broadcasting terminal, holographic device, public safety device, MTC device, medical device, fintech device (or financial device), security device, climate / environmental device, AI server / device ( Fig.18 400), BS( Fig.18 200), network nodes, etc. The wireless device can be used in a mobile or fixed location according to the usage example / service.

[0280] exist Fig. 20In the wireless devices 100 and 200, various elements, components, units / parts and / or modules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 may all be connected to each other through a wired interface, or at least a part thereof may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 may be wired, and the control unit 120 and the first unit (e.g., 130 and 140) may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. The various elements, components, units / parts and / or modules within the wireless devices 100 and 200 may also include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 may be configured by a collection of one or more processors. As an example, the control unit 120 may be configured by a collection of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing unit and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory unit 130 may be configured by a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read-only memory (ROM)), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0281] Fig.21 An exemplary vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle to which the present embodiment is applied is shown. The vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned / unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc.

[0282] Reference Fig.21 , the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a drive unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as a part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to Fig. 20 Block 110 / 130 / 140.

[0283] The communication unit 110 may send and receive signals (e.g., data and control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, BSs (e.g., gNBs and roadside units), and servers. The control unit 120 may perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100. The control unit 120 may include an electronic control unit (ECU). The drive unit 140a may enable the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to travel on a road. The drive unit 140a may include an engine, a motor, a power system, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit 140b may supply power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100, and include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit 140c may obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140c may include an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, a slope sensor, a weight sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a depth sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a lighting sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d may implement a technology for maintaining a lane in which the vehicle is traveling, a technology for automatically adjusting a speed (e.g., adaptive cruise control), a technology for autonomously traveling along a determined path, a technology for traveling by automatically setting a path if a destination is set, and the like.

[0284] For example, the communication unit 110 may receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 140d may generate an autonomous driving path and a driving plan from the obtained data. The control unit 120 may control the drive unit 140a so that the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 may move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). In the middle of autonomous driving, the communication unit 110 may aperiodically / periodically obtain the latest traffic information data from the external server and obtain surrounding traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. In the middle of autonomous driving, the sensor unit 140c may obtain vehicle status and / or surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit 140d may update the autonomous driving path and driving plan based on the newly obtained data / information. The communication unit 110 may transmit information about the vehicle position, autonomous driving path, and / or driving plan to an external server. The external server may predict traffic information data based on information collected from the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle using AI technology, etc., and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle.

[0285] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, without departing from the spirit and basic characteristics of the present embodiment, the present embodiment may be implemented in other specific forms other than those described herein. Therefore, the above-mentioned embodiments should be interpreted as being illustrative in all respects, rather than restrictive. The scope of the present disclosure should be determined by the attached claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by the above description, and all changes falling within the meaning and equivalent scope of the attached claims are intended to be included therein. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that claims that are not explicitly referenced to each other in the attached claims may be presented as an embodiment combination, or included as a new claim by subsequent amendments after the application is submitted.

[0286] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure may be specifically implemented in other specific forms without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the above detailed description should not be interpreted as being restrictive in all aspects, but should be regarded as illustrative. The scope of the present disclosure should be determined by the reasonable interpretation of the attached claims, and all changes within the equivalent scope of the present disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0287] Industrial Applicability

[0288] The present disclosure is applicable to UE, BS or other devices in a wireless mobile communication system.

Claims

1. A method performed by a user equipment UE in a wireless communication system, the method comprising the following steps: receiving a time domain channel property TDCP report request signal from a base station BS; receiving at least one tracking reference signal TRS from the BS based on the TDCP report request signal; Calculating the TDCP based on the at least one TRS; as well as Channel state information CSI is sent to the BS, the CSI including the TDCP as a single part.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The at least one TRS includes at least one of an aperiodic TRS or a periodic TRS.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The aperiodic TRS is indicated by the TDCP report request signal, The periodic TRS is configured as a quasi-co-located QCL reference signal RS of the non-periodic TRS.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The number of CSI processing units configured to calculate the CSI including the TDCP as a single part is determined based on the number of TRSs related to the calculation of the TDCP.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein: A first minimum time interval between reception of the TDCP report request signal and reporting of the CSI and a second minimum time interval between reception of the at least one TRS and reporting of the CSI are determined based on the number of TRSs related to calculation of the TDCP.

6. A user equipment UE in a wireless communication system, the UE comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; as well as at least one computer memory operatively connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: receiving a time domain channel property TDCP report request signal from a base station BS; receiving at least one tracking reference signal TRS from the BS based on the TDCP report request signal; Calculating the TDCP based on the at least one TRS; and Channel state information CSI is sent to the BS, the CSI including the TDCP as a single part.

7. The UE according to claim 6, wherein: The at least one TRS includes at least one of an aperiodic TRS or a periodic TRS.

8. The UE according to claim 7, wherein: The aperiodic TRS is indicated by the TDCP report request signal, The periodic TRS is configured as a quasi-co-located QCL reference signal RS of the non-periodic TRS.

9. The UE according to claim 6, wherein: The number of CSI processing units configured to calculate the CSI including the TDCP as a single part is determined based on the number of TRSs related to the calculation of the TDCP.

10. The UE according to claim 6, wherein: A first minimum time interval between reception of the TDCP report request signal and reporting of the CSI and a second minimum time interval between reception of the at least one TRS and reporting of the CSI are determined based on the number of TRSs related to calculation of the TDCP.

11. A processing device in a wireless communication system, the processing device comprising: at least one processor; as well as at least one computer memory operatively connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: receiving a time domain channel property TDCP report request signal from a base station BS; receiving at least one tracking reference signal TRS from the BS based on the TDCP report request signal; Calculating the TDCP based on the at least one TRS; and Channel state information CSI is sent to the BS, the CSI including the TDCP as a single part.

12. A computer-readable storage medium storing at least one program code including instructions, wherein when the instructions are executed, at least one processor performs operations for a user equipment (UE), the operations comprising: receiving a time domain channel property TDCP report request signal from a base station BS; receiving at least one tracking reference signal TRS from the BS based on the TDCP report request signal; Calculating the TDCP based on the at least one TRS; as well as Channel state information CSI is sent to the BS, the CSI including the TDCP as a single part.

13. A method performed by a base station BS in a wireless communication system, the method comprising the following steps: Sending a time domain channel property TDCP report request signal to a user equipment UE; Sending at least one tracking reference signal TRS to the UE based on the TDCP report request signal; as well as receiving channel state information CSI from the UE, The CSI includes a TDCP calculated based on the at least one TRS as a single part.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein: The at least one TRS includes at least one of an aperiodic TRS or a periodic TRS.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein: The aperiodic TRS is indicated by the TDCP report request signal, The periodic TRS is configured as a quasi-co-located QCL reference signal RS of the non-periodic TRS.

16. A base station BS in a wireless communication system, the BS comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; as well as at least one computer memory operatively connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: Sending a time domain channel property TDCP report request signal to a user equipment UE; Sending at least one tracking reference signal TRS to the UE based on the TDCP report request signal; and receiving channel state information CSI from the UE, The CSI includes a TDCP calculated based on the at least one TRS as a single part.

17. The BS according to claim 16, wherein: The at least one TRS includes at least one of an aperiodic TRS or a periodic TRS.

18. The BS according to claim 17, wherein: The aperiodic TRS is indicated by the TDCP report request signal, The periodic TRS is configured as a quasi-co-located QCL reference signal RS of the non-periodic TRS.

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