A method for ecological restoration of rock and soil slope

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of slope ecological restoration, and in particular to a method for ecological restoration of rock and soil slopes. The method comprises the following steps: (1) slope surface preparation; (2) laying wire mesh; (3) preparing a substrate; (4) spraying the substrate; and (5) spraying vegetation. The substrate prepared by the present invention can promote plant growth and development, has strong anti-scouring ability, effectively improves soil and water conservation effects, and promotes the rapid recovery of green vegetation on natural slopes, and is suitable for rock and soil slopes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of slope ecological restoration, and in particular to a rock and soil slope ecological restoration method. Background Art

[0002] In the construction of water conservancy, highways, railways and mines, due to the long construction route, large amount of earthwork excavation and filling, the original vegetation is seriously damaged, resulting in a large number of rock and soil slopes, which are generally steep and without vegetation conditions. They contain both soil components and some rock sand particles. Because the rock and soil particles are loose and have no cohesion, the surface soil layer of the slope is very easy to lose under the action of rainfall erosion, so the vegetation on it is difficult to grow and survive stably. It is difficult or takes a long time to restore the ecological balance by the power of nature itself. Exposed rock and soil slopes will bring about problems such as the destruction of the food chain and the deterioration of local microclimate (such as the heat island effect in summer). Therefore, it is necessary to take ecological governance measures and carry out ecological restoration of rock and soil slopes to reduce ecological deterioration and beautify the environment. At present, ecological slope protection, as a product of the combination of geotechnical engineering and environmental engineering, takes into account the effects of both protection and environment, and is the most effective means of slope protection and consolidation. The most widely used method is the netting grass planting method. On the surface of the excavated rock and soil slope, a net is hung to form a base attachment layer, and then vegetation is planted on it to achieve the purpose of ecological restoration. In the published patent technology, there are mainly the following defects: 1. The vegetation protection effect during the seedling stage and before the seedling is not good, the greening time is long, and the effect of rapid greening cannot be achieved in a short time; 2. The choice of vegetation is single, the ecological adaptability is poor, the combination is simple, and the landscape effect is poor; 3. The preparation of the substrate: focusing on the adhesion between the substrate and the rock and soil slope surface, and failing to fully consider the supply of nutrients and water in the substrate and the influence of the substrate structure on plant growth. The invention patent with announcement number CN110249756B fully mixes the mixture of grass seeds, organic fertilizers, adhesives, water retaining agents, sieved planting soil, organic fibers, granulating agents, etc., and evenly sprays it on the rocks to be protected to achieve the purpose of greening with a landscape close to nature, but it cannot provide erosion protection from the slope surface to the shallow surface layer and establish a bionic environment for plant growth, and after the spraying is completed, a lot of watering and fertilizing work is required, and the maintenance cost is high. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a rock and soil slope ecological restoration method.

[0004] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A rock and soil slope ecological restoration method comprises the following steps:

[0006] (1) Slope surface preparation: Clean the slope, remove loose pumice, gravel, debris, weeds, etc., cut convex and fill concave areas, and level the slope surface;

[0007] (2) Laying wire mesh: Lay the galvanized wire mesh flat on the prepared slope from top to bottom. Use galvanized wire to fix and connect adjacent galvanized wire meshes. The meshes on the left and right should overlap by 10-15 cm. The mesh should be close to the slope. Then, drive U-shaped steel anchors from top to bottom to fix the galvanized wire mesh on the slope.

[0008] (3) Preparation of substrate:

[0009] (31) Preparation of porous apatite loaded with fermentation products:

[0010] (311) Wash cerasifera, polygonatum, schisandra chinensis, and wax gourd vine, dry at 80°C, and pulverize through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixed plant powder. The mixed plant powder is mixed evenly with deionized water, sterilized at 85°C for 30 min, and cooled to room temperature to obtain a fermentation matrix. Inoculate the fermentation matrix with activated Bacillus subtilis at a volume ratio of 3-5%, culture on a shaker at 30°C and 180 rpm for 96 h, centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 15 min, and simmer at 60°C and 10 -3 MPa to 20% of the original volume, and freeze-dried at -20°C to obtain the fermentation product;

[0011] (312) A solution of maleic acid and urea was prepared with water, and a solution of calcium nitrate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate was prepared. Solution A and solution B were mixed, stirred at 180 rpm for 10-15 min, heated at 80-100 °C for 5-6 h, cooled to room temperature, filtered, and the filter cake was washed with deionized water and ethanol and dried at 60-80 °C to obtain porous hydroxyapatite.

[0012] (313) The fermentation product obtained in step (311) and the porous hydroxyapatite obtained in step (312) are mixed, added into anhydrous ethanol, stirred at 100° C. and 0.1 MPa, with a stirring speed of 400-500 r / min for 1-2 h, filtered, and the filter cake is dried at 60° C. to obtain porous apatite loaded with the fermentation product.

[0013] (32) Preparation of modified polymer:

[0014] (321) Silica with a particle size of 50–60 nm was added to water and subjected to ultrasonic dispersion treatment at 300 W for 20–30 min to obtain a silica dispersion. (3-Methacrylamidopropyl)triethoxysilane was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and added to the silica dispersion. The mixture was heated under reflux at 70–80 °C for 4–5 h, and then the reaction was stopped. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 30 min. The precipitate was dried at 90 °C to obtain modified silica.

[0015] (322) N-(Hydroxymethyl)acrylamide, modified silica, and acrylic acid were added to water, ultrasonicated at 300–400 W for 30 min, introduced with nitrogen, and ammonium persulfate was added. The temperature was raised to 80–90 °C, reacted for 60–80 min, cooled to room temperature, filtered, and the filter cake was washed with deionized water and dried in vacuo to obtain the modified polymer.

[0016] (33) In parts by weight, 80-100 parts of soil, 8-12 parts of porous apatite loaded with fermentation products, 3-5 parts of a water retaining agent, 9-14 parts of a modified polymer, 2-4 parts of wood ash, 4-6 parts of fulvic acid, 3-5 parts of carrageenan, 10-15 parts of wheat straw fiber, and 30-40 parts of water are mixed uniformly to obtain a substrate.

[0017] (4) Spraying base material: Spray the base material onto the slope surface layer by layer using high-pressure spray.

[0018] (5) Vegetation spraying: 3-4 hours after the base material spraying construction is completed, plant seeds that have been soaked in 30-40°C hot water for 24-26 hours are mixed evenly with the base material prepared in step (3), and then sprayed evenly onto the slope surface using a high-pressure spray method, and then covered with a layer of non-woven fabric.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (2), the mesh size of the galvanized wire mesh is 10 cm×10 cm.

[0020] Furthermore, in step (2), the length of the U-shaped steel bar anchor is 30-40 cm.

[0021] Furthermore, in step (2), the spacing between the U-shaped steel bar anchors is 1.8-2.2 m.

[0022] Furthermore, in step (311), the raw materials for preparing the mixed plant powder include the following components in parts by weight: 1-4 parts of washed and dried Carrageenan, 2-7 parts of Polygonatum, 1-3 parts of Schisandra chinensis, and 0.8-1.5 parts of Wax Gourd Vine.

[0023] Furthermore, in step (311), the ratio of the mixed plant powder to deionized water is 1 g:15-20 mL.

[0024] Furthermore, in step (311), the Bacillus subtilis is purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center with a license number of CGMCC 1.821.

[0025] Furthermore, in step (312), the mass concentration of maleic acid in water is 20-25 mg / mL.

[0026] Furthermore, in step (312), the mass concentration of urea in water is 0.2-0.25 g / mL.

[0027] Furthermore, in step (312), the mass concentration of calcium nitrate in water is 0.1-0.15 g / mL.

[0028] Furthermore, in step (312), the mass ratio of sodium dihydrogen phosphate to calcium nitrate is 2:2-3.

[0029] Furthermore, in step (313), the mass ratio of the fermentation product to the porous hydroxyapatite is 1-2:1.

[0030] Furthermore, in step (313), the ratio of the porous hydroxyapatite to anhydrous ethanol is 1 g:20 mL.

[0031] Furthermore, in step (321), the mass concentration of silica in water is 0.04 g / mL.

[0032] Furthermore, in step (321), the mass concentration of (3-methylacrylamidepropyl)triethoxysilane in tetrahydrofuran is 0.5 g / mL.

[0033] Furthermore, in step (321), the mass ratio of silica to (3-methylacrylamidepropyl)triethoxysilane is 1:2-3.

[0034] Furthermore, in step (322), the weight parts of the components in the raw materials include: 3-4 parts of N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide, 2-3 parts of modified silica, and 6-8 parts of acrylic acid.

[0035] Furthermore, in step (322), the ratio of N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide to water is 1 g:20 mL.

[0036] Furthermore, in step (322), the amount of ammonium persulfate added is 1.75 wt%-2 wt% of N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide.

[0037] Furthermore, in step (33), the soil is any one of ordinary landscaping soil, vegetable garden soil and cultivated soil, and its particle size is 2-3 mm.

[0038] Furthermore, in step (33), the wheat straw fiber is cut from wheat straw having a moisture content of 2-5 wt%, and the length of the wheat straw fiber is 1.5-2.5 cm and the diameter is 0.1-0.15 mm.

[0039] Furthermore, in step (33), the water retaining agent is one or more of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, lignin, polyvinyl acetate, and polyacrylamide.

[0040] Furthermore, in step (4), the construction process of the layer-by-layer high-pressure spraying base layer is that the thickness of one spraying is 1-2 cm and the total thickness is 12-16 cm.

[0041] Furthermore, in step (5), the plant seeds are a mixture of three groups of seeds: pioneer seeds, community-building seeds and ground cover seeds, and the amount of pioneer seeds is 18 g / m 2 , the dosage for colony establishment is 12 g / m 2 , ground cover dosage 5 g / m 2 .

[0042] Furthermore, the pioneer seeds are one-year or two-year herbaceous plant seeds, the community-building seeds are shrub or small tree seeds, and the ground cover is a mixture of cool-season grass seeds and warm-season grass seeds in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0043] Furthermore, in step (5), the mass ratio of the plant seeds to the substrate is 1:50.

[0044] Furthermore, the specification of the nonwoven fabric in step (5) is 15-20 g / m 2 .

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0046] The present invention provides a rock and soil slope ecological restoration method, and porous apatite and modified polymer loaded with fermentation products are prepared, which can promote vegetation recovery and enhance anti-erosion effect. The present invention uses Bacillus subtilis to ferment hornwort, polygonatum, schisandra chinensis and wax gourd vine, and the obtained fermentation product is rich in nutrients and is easily absorbed by plants. It is beneficial to plant rooting, effectively promotes plant root growth, promotes soil and water conservation, and can effectively adjust soil pH, improve soil activity and fertility, restore underground ecological micro-systems to form a persistent plant community, provide long-term growth conditions for vegetation, and effectively promote vegetation growth recovery. The invention prepares porous hydroxyapatite with a large specific surface area, which can load fermentation products, improve the sustained release of fermentation products, sustainably provide nutrients for plants, continuously protect plant roots, safely overwinter and achieve a high greening rate. The surface of the porous hydroxyapatite contains active group hydroxyl groups, which can enhance hydrophilicity and interface compatibility. The invention adopts a modified polymer in combination with wheat straw fibers with strong adsorption and water holding capacity, which can effectively prevent the slope from being eroded by strong rain and strong wind and sand, and enhance the anti-scouring performance. The invention modifies silicon dioxide, so that silicon dioxide participates in the polymerization process of acrylic acid, thereby cross-linking and grafting silicon dioxide into polyacrylic acid, enhancing the interface bonding performance between the two, and improving the dispersibility of silicon dioxide. Silicon dioxide is introduced, and silicon dioxide has strong mechanical properties, plays a reinforcing role, avoids polymer agglomeration, and significantly enhances the anti-scouring ability of the substrate. At the same time, amide bonds are introduced, which can enhance interface compatibility and water absorption, enhance stability, improve mechanical properties, improve soil structure, have strong anti-scouring ability, effectively improve soil and water conservation effects, and are suitable for rock and soil slopes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only for the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0048] Figure 1 The water holding rate of the substrates described in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 2-3 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 The water retention rate of the substrates described in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 2-3 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 This is the vegetation restoration situation described in Examples 4-6 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 4-6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the chemical reagents involved in the present invention are purchased through commercial channels.

[0052] Embodiment 1: This embodiment provides a method for preparing a substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0053] (1) Preparation of porous apatite loaded with fermentation products:

[0054] (11) 4 g of Carrageenan, 7 g of Polygonatum, 3 g of Schisandra chinensis, and 1.5 g of Wax Gourd were washed, dried at 80°C, and crushed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixed plant powder. 10 g of the mixed plant powder was mixed evenly with 200 mL of deionized water, sterilized at 85°C for 30 min, and cooled to room temperature to obtain a fermentation matrix. Activated Bacillus subtilis was inoculated into the fermentation matrix at a volume ratio of 5%, cultured in a shaking incubator at 30°C and 180 rpm for 96 h, centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 15 min, and the supernatant was centrifuged at 60°C and 10 -3 MPa to 20% of the original volume, and freeze-dried at -20°C to obtain the fermentation product;

[0055] (12) Add 5 g of maleic acid and 50 g of urea to 200 mL of water to prepare solution A, and add 30 g of calcium nitrate and 20 g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate to 200 mL of water to prepare solution B. Mix solution A and solution B, stir at 180 rpm for 15 min, heat at 100 °C for 6 h, cool to room temperature, filter, wash the filter cake with deionized water and ethanol, and dry at 80 °C to obtain porous hydroxyapatite.

[0056] (13) 5 g of the fermentation product obtained in step (11) and 2.5 g of the porous hydroxyapatite obtained in step (12) were mixed, added into 50 mL of anhydrous ethanol, stirred at 100° C. and 0.1 MPa, and stirred at a speed of 500 r / min for 2 h. The mixture was filtered with suction, and the filter cake was dried at 60° C. to obtain porous apatite loaded with the fermentation product.

[0057] (2) Preparation of modified polymers:

[0058] (21) 4 g of silica with a particle size of 60 nm was added to 100 mL of water and subjected to ultrasonic dispersion treatment at 300 W for 30 min to obtain a silica dispersion. 12 g of (3-methylacrylamidepropyl)triethoxysilane was dissolved in 24 mL of tetrahydrofuran and added to the silica dispersion. The mixture was heated at 80 °C for 5 h and then refluxed. The reaction was stopped and the mixture was cooled to room temperature and centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 30 min. The precipitate was dried at 90 °C to obtain modified silica.

[0059] (22) 4 g of N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide, 3 g of modified silica, and 8 g of acrylic acid were added to 80 mL of water and ultrasonicated at 400 W for 30 min. Nitrogen was introduced and 80 mg of ammonium persulfate was added. The temperature was raised to 90 °C and reacted for 80 min. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filter cake was washed with deionized water and dried in vacuo to obtain a modified polymer.

[0060] (33) 10 g of common landscaping soil with a pellet size of 3 mm, 1.2 g of porous apatite loaded with fermentation products, 0.5 g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 1.4 g of modified polymer, 0.4 g of wood ash, 0.6 g of fulvic acid, 0.5 g of carrageenan, 1.5 g of wheat straw fiber, and 4 g of water were mixed to obtain a substrate; the wheat straw fiber was cut from wheat straw with a water content of 5 wt%, and the length of the wheat straw fiber was 2.5 cm and the diameter was 0.15 mm.

[0061] Embodiment 2: This embodiment provides a method for preparing a substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0062] (1) Preparation of porous apatite loaded with fermentation products:

[0063] (11) 5 g of Carrageenan, 10 g of Polygonatum, 5 g of Schisandra chinensis, and 4 g of Wax Gourd were washed, dried at 80°C, and crushed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixed plant powder. 10 g of the mixed plant powder was mixed evenly with 150 mL of deionized water, sterilized at 85°C for 30 min, and cooled to room temperature to obtain a fermentation matrix. Activated Bacillus subtilis was inoculated into the fermentation matrix at a volume ratio of 3%, cultured in a shaking incubator at 30°C and 180 rpm for 96 h, centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 15 min, and the supernatant was centrifuged at 60°C and 10 -3 MPa to 20% of the original volume, and freeze-dried at -20°C to obtain the fermentation product;

[0064] (12) 4 g of maleic acid and 40 g of urea were added to 200 mL of water to prepare solution A. 20 g of calcium nitrate and 20 g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate were added to 200 mL of water to prepare solution B. Solution A and solution B were mixed, stirred at 180 rpm for 10 min, heated at 80 °C for 5 h, cooled to room temperature, filtered, and the filter cake was washed with deionized water and ethanol, and dried at 60 °C to obtain porous hydroxyapatite.

[0065] (13) 5 g of the fermentation product obtained in step (11) and 5 g of the porous hydroxyapatite obtained in step (12) were mixed, added into 100 mL of anhydrous ethanol, stirred at 100° C. and 0.1 MPa, and stirred at a speed of 400 r / min for 1 h. The mixture was filtered and the filter cake was dried at 60° C. to obtain porous apatite loaded with the fermentation product.

[0066] (2) Preparation of modified polymers:

[0067] (21) 4 g of silica with a particle size of 50 nm was added to 100 mL of water and subjected to 300 W ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 20 min to obtain a silica dispersion. 8 g of (3-methylacrylamidepropyl)triethoxysilane was dissolved in 16 mL of tetrahydrofuran and added to the silica dispersion. The mixture was heated at 70 °C for 4 h and then refluxed to stop the reaction. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 30 min. The precipitate was dried at 90 °C to obtain modified silica.

[0068] (22) 3 g of N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide, 2 g of modified silica, and 6 g of acrylic acid were added to 60 mL of water and ultrasonicated at 300 W for 30 min. Nitrogen was introduced and 52.5 mg of ammonium persulfate was added. The temperature was raised to 80 °C and reacted for 60 min. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filter cake was washed with deionized water and dried in vacuo to obtain a modified polymer.

[0069] (3) 8 g of garden soil with a pellet size of 2 mm, 0.8 g of porous apatite loaded with fermentation products, 0.3 g of lignin, 0.9 g of modified polymer, 0.2 g of wood ash, 0.4 g of fulvic acid, 0.3 g of carrageenan, 1 g of wheat straw fiber, and 3 g of water were mixed evenly to obtain a substrate; the wheat straw fiber was cut from wheat straw with a water content of 2 wt%, and the wheat straw fiber had a length of 1.5 cm and a diameter of 0.1 mm.

[0070] Embodiment 3: This embodiment provides a method for preparing a substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0071] (1) Preparation of porous apatite loaded with fermentation products:

[0072] (11) 3 g of Carrageenan, 6 g of Polygonatum, 2 g of Schisandra chinensis, and 1 g of Wax Gourd were washed, dried at 80°C, and crushed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixed plant powder. 10 g of the mixed plant powder was mixed evenly with 180 mL of deionized water, sterilized at 85°C for 30 min, and cooled to room temperature to obtain a fermentation matrix. Activated Bacillus subtilis was inoculated into the fermentation matrix at a volume ratio of 4%, cultured in a shaking incubator at 30°C and 180 rpm for 96 h, centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 15 min, and the supernatant was centrifuged at 60°C and 10 -3 MPa to 20% of the original volume, and freeze-dried at -20°C to obtain the fermentation product;

[0073] (12) 4.5 g of maleic acid and 45 g of urea were added to 200 mL of water to prepare solution A. 25 g of calcium nitrate and 20 g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate were added to 200 mL of water to prepare solution B. Solution A and solution B were mixed, stirred at 180 rpm for 12 min, heated at 90 °C for 5.5 h, cooled to room temperature, filtered, and the filter cake was washed with deionized water and ethanol, and dried at 70 °C to obtain porous hydroxyapatite.

[0074] (13) 5 g of the fermentation product obtained in step (11) and 4 g of the porous hydroxyapatite obtained in step (12) were mixed, added into 80 mL of anhydrous ethanol, stirred at 100° C. and 0.1 MPa, and stirred at a speed of 450 r / min for 1.5 h. The mixture was filtered and the filter cake was dried at 60° C. to obtain porous apatite loaded with the fermentation product.

[0075] (2) Preparation of modified polymers:

[0076] (21) 4 g of silica with a particle size of 55 nm was added to 100 mL of water and subjected to ultrasonic dispersion treatment at 300 W for 25 min to obtain a silica dispersion. 10 g of (3-methylacrylamidepropyl)triethoxysilane was dissolved in 20 mL of tetrahydrofuran and added to the silica dispersion. The mixture was heated at 75 °C for 4.5 h and then the reaction was stopped. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 30 min. The precipitate was dried at 90 °C to obtain modified silica.

[0077] (22) 3.5 g of N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide, 2.5 g of modified silica, and 7 g of acrylic acid were added to 70 mL of water and ultrasonicated at 350 W for 30 min. Nitrogen was introduced and 63 mg of ammonium persulfate was added. The temperature was raised to 85 °C and reacted for 70 min. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filter cake was washed with deionized water and dried in vacuo to obtain a modified polymer.

[0078] (3) 9 g of cultivated soil with a pellet size of 2.5 mm, 1 g of porous apatite loaded with fermentation products, 0.4 g of polyvinyl acetate, 1.2 g of modified polymer, 0.3 g of wood ash, 0.5 g of fulvic acid, 0.4 g of carrageenan, 1.2 g of wheat straw fiber, and 3.5 g of water were mixed evenly to obtain a substrate; the wheat straw fiber was cut from wheat straw with a water content of 3 wt%, and the wheat straw fiber had a length of 2 cm and a diameter of 0.12 mm.

[0079] Embodiment 4: A method for ecological restoration of rock and soil slopes, comprising the following steps:

[0080] (1) Slope surface preparation: Clean the slope, remove loose pumice, gravel, debris, weeds, etc., cut convex and fill concave areas, and level the slope surface;

[0081] (2) Laying wire mesh: Lay the galvanized wire mesh with a mesh size of 10 cm × 10 cm from top to bottom on the prepared slope surface. Adjacent galvanized wire meshes are fixed and connected with galvanized wire. The meshes on the left and right are overlapped by 15 cm. The mesh is close to the slope surface. Then, drive in U-shaped steel anchors with a length of 40 cm from top to bottom. The spacing between the U-shaped steel anchors is 2.2 m to fix the galvanized wire mesh on the slope surface.

[0082] (3) Prepare a substrate according to the method of Example 1;

[0083] (4) Spraying the base material: The base material is sprayed onto the slope surface layer by layer using high-pressure spraying. The construction process of the layer-by-layer high-pressure spraying base layer is that the thickness of one spraying is 2 cm, and the total thickness is 16 cm;

[0084] (5) Vegetation spraying: 4 hours after the substrate spraying construction is completed, the plant seeds that have been soaked in 40°C hot water for 26 hours are mixed with the substrate prepared in step (3) at a mass ratio of 1:50, and then sprayed evenly onto the slope surface using a high-pressure spray method. The amount of plant seeds used is 18 g / m 2 , Magnolia multiflora seeds dosage 12 g / m 2 The seed dosage of bluegrass and buffalo grass was 2.5 g / m 2 , and then covered with a layer of 20 g / m 2 of non-woven fabric.

[0085] Embodiment 5: A method for ecological restoration of rock and soil slopes, comprising the following steps:

[0086] (1) Slope surface preparation: Clean the slope, remove loose pumice, gravel, debris, weeds, etc., cut convex and fill concave areas, and level the slope surface;

[0087] (2) Laying wire mesh: Lay the galvanized wire mesh with a mesh size of 10 cm × 10 cm from top to bottom on the prepared slope surface. Adjacent galvanized wire meshes are fixed and connected with galvanized wire. The meshes on the left and right are overlapped by 10 cm. The mesh is close to the slope surface. Then, drive in 30 cm long U-shaped steel anchors from top to bottom. The spacing between the U-shaped steel anchors is 1.8 m to fix the galvanized wire mesh on the slope surface.

[0088] (3) Prepare a substrate according to the method of Example 2;

[0089] (4) Spraying the base material: The base material is sprayed onto the slope surface layer by layer using high-pressure spraying. The construction process of the layer-by-layer high-pressure spraying base layer is that the thickness of the spraying is 1 cm per time, and the total thickness is 12 cm;

[0090] (5) Vegetation spraying: 3 hours after the substrate spraying construction is completed, the plant seeds that have been soaked in 30°C hot water for 24 hours are mixed with the substrate prepared in step (3) at a mass ratio of 1:50, and then sprayed evenly onto the slope surface using a high-pressure spray method. The amount of plant seeds used is 18 g / m 2 , Magnolia multiflora seeds dosage 12 g / m 2 , the seed dosage of bluegrass and buffalo grass were 2.5 g / m 2 , and then covered with a layer of 15 g / m 2 of non-woven fabric.

[0091] Embodiment 6: A method for ecological restoration of rock and soil slopes, comprising the following steps:

[0092] (1) Slope surface preparation: Clean the slope, remove loose pumice, gravel, debris, weeds, etc., cut convex and fill concave areas, and level the slope surface;

[0093] (2) Laying wire mesh: Lay the galvanized wire mesh with a mesh size of 10 cm × 10 cm from top to bottom on the prepared slope surface. Adjacent galvanized wire meshes are fixed and connected with galvanized wire. The meshes on the left and right are overlapped by 12 cm. The mesh is close to the slope surface. Then, drive in U-shaped steel anchors with a length of 35 cm from top to bottom. The spacing between the U-shaped steel anchors is 2 m to fix the galvanized wire mesh on the slope surface.

[0094] (3) Prepare a substrate according to the method of Example 3;

[0095] (4) Spraying the base material: The base material is sprayed onto the slope surface layer by layer using high-pressure spraying. The construction process of the layer-by-layer high-pressure spraying base layer is that the thickness of one spray is 1.5 cm, and the total thickness is 15 cm;

[0096] (5) Vegetation spraying: 3.5 hours after the completion of the substrate spraying construction, plant seeds that had been soaked in 35°C hot water for 25 hours were mixed with the substrate prepared in step (3) at a mass ratio of 1:50 and then sprayed evenly onto the slope surface using a high-pressure spray method. The amount of plant seeds used was 18 g / m 2 , Magnolia multiflora seeds dosage 12 g / m 2 , the seed dosage of bluegrass and buffalo grass were 2.5 g / m 2 , and then covered with a layer of 18 g / m 2 of non-woven fabric.

[0097] The only difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the supernatant in step (11) is replaced by mixed plant powder infusion.

[0098] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that the fermentation product is directly added without using hydroxyl porous apatite.

[0099] The only difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that polyacrylic acid is used instead of the modified polymer.

[0100] The only difference between Comparative Examples 4-6 and Example 4 is that the substrate of Example 1 is replaced by the substrate of Comparative Examples 1-3.

[0101] Experimental Example 1: Take the substrates of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 2-3, record the weight as m0, put them in a container, spray water on the substrate with a spray pot, and weigh it until the substrate is saturated with water, record it as m1, and calculate the water holding rate, water holding rate (%) = [(m1-m0) / m0] × 100%; then keep it at 40°C for 24 hours, weigh m2 again, calculate the water retention rate, water retention rate = [(m2-m1) / m1] × 100%, and if the result is as follows Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown.

[0102] Figure 1 and Figure 2 The results show that the water holding rate and water retention rate of Examples 1-3 are higher than those of Comparative Examples 2-3, indicating that the substrate prepared by the present invention can effectively hold water and reduce soil erosion. The method for ecological restoration of rock and soil slopes of the present invention can effectively enhance the stability of the slope, reduce soil erosion on the slope, and promote rapid recovery of slope vegetation.

[0103] Experimental Example 2: One year after the slope was repaired, the slope vegetation coverage was recorded. The results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3The results show that the vegetation coverage rate of Examples 4-6 reaches more than 99%, which is higher than that of Comparative Examples 4-6. Moreover, after several rainfalls in a year, no erosion occurs on the slope, the rainwater flowing down from above is clear, without sediment, and no landslide or collapse occurs. The vegetation restoration effect is significant, indicating that the method for rapid restoration of green vegetation on natural slopes of the present invention can rapidly restore slope vegetation, reduce soil erosion and soil and water loss, improve the stability of the slope, reduce the risk of geological disasters such as landslides and collapses, reduce soil and water loss, improve the ecological environment, and promote the recovery and growth of plant communities.

[0104] Figure 3 The results showed that the vegetation coverage rate of Example 4-6 was higher than that of Comparative Example 4-6, indicating that the substrate prepared by the present invention can significantly improve the survival rate of plants on rock slopes, promote plant growth, has strong anti-scouring ability, is conducive to the stable rooting and growth of plants, has good long-term effectiveness, good regreening, and a high overwintering rate.

[0105] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present invention is limited to these examples. Under the concept of the present invention, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the present invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of rock and soil slopes, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Slope surface preparation: cleaning the slope, cutting protrusions and filling depressions, and leveling the slope surface; (2) Laying wire mesh: Lay the galvanized wire mesh flat on the prepared slope from top to bottom. Use galvanized wire to fix and connect adjacent galvanized wire meshes. Drive U-shaped steel bar anchors from top to bottom to fix the galvanized wire mesh on the slope. (3) Preparation of substrate: (31) Preparation of porous apatite loaded with fermentation products: (311) Washing cerasifera, polygonatum, schisandra chinensis and wax gourd vine, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain a mixed plant powder, mixing the mixed plant powder with deionized water, sterilizing, and cooling to obtain a fermentation matrix; inoculating activated Bacillus subtilis into the fermentation matrix, culturing, centrifuging, concentrating the supernatant, and freeze-drying to obtain a fermentation product; (312) preparing a solution A of maleic acid and urea with water, preparing a solution B of calcium nitrate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate, mixing the solution A and the solution B, stirring, heating, cooling, filtering, washing the filter cake, and drying to obtain porous hydroxyapatite; (313) mixing the fermentation product obtained in step (311) and the porous hydroxyapatite obtained in step (312), adding the mixture to anhydrous ethanol, stirring, filtering, and drying the filter cake at 60° C. to obtain porous apatite loaded with the fermentation product; (32) Preparation of modified polymer: (321) adding silica to water and sonicating to obtain a silica dispersion, dissolving (3-methacrylamidepropyl)triethoxysilane in tetrahydrofuran, adding the mixture to the silica dispersion, heating to reflux, cooling, centrifuging, precipitating and drying to obtain modified silica; (322) N-(Hydroxymethyl)acrylamide, modified silica, and acrylic acid were added to water, ultrasonicated, introduced with nitrogen, and ammonium persulfate was added. The temperature was raised, reacted for 60–80 min, cooled, filtered, washed, and dried to obtain a modified polymer. (33) By weight, 80-100 parts of soil, 8-12 parts of porous apatite loaded with fermentation products, 3-5 parts of water retaining agent, 9-14 parts of modified polymer, 2-4 parts of plant ash, 4-6 parts of fulvic acid, 3-5 parts of carrageenan, 10-15 parts of wheat straw fiber, and 30-40 parts of water are mixed uniformly to obtain a substrate; (4) Spraying base material: spray the base material onto the slope layer by layer using high-pressure spraying; (5) Vegetation spraying: After the base material spraying construction is completed, the soaked plant seeds are mixed evenly with the base material prepared in step (3), and then sprayed evenly onto the slope surface using a high-pressure spray method, and then covered with a layer of non-woven fabric.

2. The method for ecological restoration of rock and soil slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the mesh size of the galvanized wire mesh is 10 cm×10 cm; the length of the U-shaped steel bar anchor is 30-40 cm; and the spacing between the U-shaped steel bar anchors is 1.8-2.2 m.

3. The method for ecological restoration of rock and soil slope according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (311), the raw materials for preparing the mixed plant powder include the following components in parts by weight: 1-4 parts of washed and dried Carrageenan, 2-7 parts of Polygonatum, 1-3 parts of Schisandra chinensis, and 0.8-1.5 parts of Wax Gourd; the ratio of the mixed plant powder to deionized water is 1 g:15-20 mL.

4. The method for ecological restoration of rock and soil slope according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (312), the mass concentration of maleic acid in water is 20-25 mg / mL; the mass concentration of urea in water is 0.2-0.25 g / mL; the mass concentration of calcium nitrate in water is 0.1-0.15 g / mL; and the mass ratio of sodium dihydrogen phosphate to calcium nitrate is 2:2-3.

5. The method for ecological restoration of rock and soil slope according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step (313), the mass ratio of the fermentation product to the porous hydroxyapatite is 1-2:1; and the amount ratio of the porous hydroxyapatite to anhydrous ethanol is 1 g:20 mL.

6. The method for ecological restoration of rock and soil slope according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step (321), the mass concentration of silica in water is 0.04 g / mL; the mass concentration of (3-methacrylamidepropyl)triethoxysilane in tetrahydrofuran is 0.5 g / mL; and the mass ratio of silica to (3-methacrylamidepropyl)triethoxysilane is 1:2-3.

7. The method for ecological restoration of rock and soil slope according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (322), the weight parts of the components in the raw materials include: 3-4 parts of N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide, 2-3 parts of modified silica, and 6-8 parts of acrylic acid; the ratio of N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide to water is 1 g:20 mL; and the amount of ammonium persulfate added is 1.75wt%-2wt% of N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide.

8. The method for ecological restoration of rock and soil slope according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step (33), the soil is any one of ordinary landscaping soil, garden soil and cultivated soil, and its particle size is 2-3 mm; the wheat straw fiber is cut from wheat straw with a moisture content of 2-5wt%, and the wheat straw fiber length is 1.5-2.5 cm and the diameter is 0.1-0.15 mm; the water retaining agent is one or more of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, lignin, polyvinyl acetate, and polyacrylamide.

9. The method for ecological restoration of rock and soil slope according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step (4), the construction process of high-pressure spraying the base layer layer by layer is one spraying thickness of 1-2 cm and a total thickness of 12-16 cm.

10. The method for ecological restoration of rock and soil slope according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step (5), the plant seeds are a mixture of three groups of seeds: pioneer seeds, community-building seeds and ground cover seeds, and the amount of pioneer seeds is 18 g / m 2 , the dosage for colony establishment is 12 g / m 2 , ground cover dosage 5 g / m 2 ; Pioneer seeds are one-year or two-year herbaceous plant seeds, community-building seeds are shrub or small tree seeds, and ground cover is mixed with cool-season grass seeds and warm-season grass seeds in a mass ratio of 1:1; the mass ratio of plant seeds to substrate is 1:50; the specification of non-woven fabric is 15-20 g / m 2 .

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