Environmental health risk assessment method and system for combined pollution of metal smelting area

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental health risk identification and supervision, and discloses an environmental health risk assessment method and system for combined pollution of a metal smelting area, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, constructing an environmental health risk assessment system; s2, acquiring and inputting data; s3, heavy metal environmental health hazard identification; s4, evaluating receptors of heavy metal environmental health; s5, heavy metal environmental health hazard assessment; s6, evaluating the exposure of the heavy metal environment health; s7, comprehensive evaluation of heavy metal environment health; and S8, judging the supervision priority. Aiming at various heavy metal environmental health risks under multiple exposure media in the production activity of the metal smelting area, based on multiple steps, multiple models and graded evaluation, the method considers comprehensiveness and differentiation of evaluation results, determines a preferential supervision area, carries out targeted differential supervision, and improves the safety of the production activity of the metal smelting area. The efficiency of identifying and supervising the environmental health risk of the metal smelting area is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of environmental health risk identification and supervision, and specifically relates to an environmental health risk assessment method and system for metal smelting area complex pollution with multiple exposure media in production activities in the metal smelting area. Background Art

[0002] Existing research results show that heavy metal pollution is long-term, cumulative, hidden, latent and irreversible. At the same time, there are also problems such as great pollution hazards, long duration and high governance costs. Compared with single heavy metal pollution, the environmental toxicity effects of multiple heavy metal complex pollution and multiple exposure media are characterized by complexity, additive and antagonistic effects, influence on microbial community structure, differences in morphological transformation and migration, persistence and difficulty in degradation, biomagnification and potential harm to human health. These characteristics make heavy metal complex pollution under multiple exposure media one of the hot spots and difficulties in the field of environmental governance.

[0003] In the combined pollution effects of multiple heavy metals in different exposure media, the joint toxicity effect is more manifested as a synergistic effect, additive effect and other enhanced toxic effects, which bring stronger combined toxicity to different exposure media such as soil, water and atmosphere. Due to the differences in morphological transformation and migration between multiple heavy metals, the morphological transformation and migration of heavy metals in the same exposure medium are significantly different from the single pollution effect of multiple heavy metal combined pollution, which may affect the bioavailability and toxicity of heavy metals. For example, some heavy metals may be more likely to be transformed into more toxic forms under combined pollution conditions, or more likely to migrate and diffuse in soil, water and atmosphere. In addition, the combined pollution of multiple heavy metals further aggravates the persistent pollution problem of heavy metal pollution. Multiple heavy metals interact with each other, can prolong their existence time and have a lasting impact on the ecosystem. The biomagnification effect of combined pollution of multiple heavy metals is also much higher than that of single heavy metal pollution. Combined pollution of multiple heavy metals can enter the human body through the food chain and accumulate in the human body. Long-term exposure to multiple heavy metal pollution environments has greatly increased the health threat of health problems such as acute poisoning, subacute poisoning or chronic poisoning in the human body.

[0004] Production activities such as metal smelting have become one of the most important anthropogenic sources of heavy metal emissions. Metal smelting areas are typical environments with multiple heavy metals and multiple exposure media. Comprehensive and scientific health risk assessment of the population has always been a difficult technical problem to solve. Metal smelting refers to the process of extracting the target metal from metal ores or other metal-containing substances through a series of physical and chemical processes such as ore dressing, crushing, grinding, flotation or smelting, extraction and refining. Metal smelting, especially copper and iron smelting, has always been the most important basic material for my country's transportation, machinery manufacturing, national defense and military industries. As a high-input, high-consumption, and high-pollution metal smelting industry, it consumes a lot of fuel and produces a lot of greenhouse gases every year. In the process of metal mining and smelting, not only the heavy metal elements as products will enter the environment with waste gas, wastewater, and waste residue, but also the associated elements of mercury, lead, arsenic, cadmium, zinc, and other sulfur-loving elements as impurities will also be discharged into the environment at the same time, enriched in organisms and continuously migrated and transformed, and finally entered the human body through the food chain and other pathways, endangering human health.

[0005] In the prior art, an invention with a publication (announcement) number of CN118469295A provides a risk assessment method and device for heavy metal contaminated soil, the method comprising: obtaining risk assessment information of heavy metals in target heavy metal contaminated soil, including: measured concentration, background value, toxicity coefficient, daily exposure amount through oral intake, daily exposure amount through skin contact, non-carcinogenic reference dose and carcinogenic intensity coefficient; determining a potential ecological risk index according to the measured concentration, background value and toxicity coefficient; determining non-carcinogenic risk information according to the daily exposure amount through oral intake, daily exposure amount through skin contact and non-carcinogenic reference dose; determining carcinogenic risk information according to the daily exposure amount through oral intake, daily exposure amount through skin contact and carcinogenic intensity coefficient of heavy metals; and obtaining a risk assessment result of the target heavy metal contaminated soil according to the potential ecological risk index, non-carcinogenic risk information and carcinogenic risk information. This invention can achieve a comprehensive assessment of the risks of heavy metal contaminated soil and improve the reliability of risk assessment results. However, this technical solution cannot solve the problems of conducting environmental health risk assessments on complex pollution areas with multiple heavy metals in multiple exposure media and determining priority regulatory areas. It can also take into account the comprehensiveness and differentiation of evaluation results, determine priority regulatory areas, and conduct targeted differentiated supervision to improve environmental regulatory efficiency and save administrative resources.

[0006] In order to solve the health risk monitoring, management and governance of heavy metal pollution and effectively and scientifically evaluate the health damage caused by heavy metal pollutants, relevant associations and local governments have formulated some standards for heavy metal environmental risk issues in recent years. In terms of standards, they mainly include: In 2020, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued the industry standard "General Guidelines for Technical Guidelines for Ecological and Environmental Health Risk Assessment" (HJ 1111-2020), which stipulates the general principles, procedures, contents, methods and technical requirements for ecological and environmental health risk assessment, but does not elaborate on the environmental health risk assessment method of heavy metals; In 2021, the Chinese Society of Environmental Sciences issued the group standard "Technical Specifications for Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals" (T / CSES 38-2021), which established technical specifications for environmental health risk assessment of heavy metals from the two aspects of carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk. This method mainly evaluates the environmental health risk of a single heavy metal, but cannot be applied to the environmental health risk assessment and priority supervision area division of complex pollution areas with multiple heavy metals in multiple exposure media. In 2021, the National Health Commission issued the industry standard "Technical Guidelines for Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Substances" (WS / T 777-2021). This method is only applicable to the health risk assessment of the population exposed to a single chemical substance in the environmental medium through a single or multiple pathways, and it also cannot solve the problem of effective supervision.

[0007] It can be seen from this that the above-mentioned existing technologies and standards are unable to solve the problems of environmental health risk assessment and effective supervision of multiple heavy metal complex pollution in multiple exposure media. Technical methods suitable for comprehensive environmental health ecological risk assessment and effective supervision of heavy metals in smelting areas have not yet been established. Therefore, it is impossible to conduct a scientific, comprehensive and targeted effective supervision assessment of the health risks of human exposure to heavy metals in environmental media such as high-intensity metal smelting activities, nor can it provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of multiple heavy metal pollution, human health protection and efficient supervision in metal smelting areas. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. The present invention provides an environmental health risk assessment method and system for heavy metal composite pollution in metal smelting areas under multiple exposure media, which is aimed at the supervision needs of heavy metal composite pollution in metal smelting areas. It adopts a multi-stage, multi-model, and multi-dimensional evaluation environmental health risk assessment and supervision priority grading process, and a network-based environmental health risk assessment system, with the purpose of scientifically determining the health risks of heavy metals in environmental media to the environment and the population under high-intensity metal smelting activities and the division of priority supervision areas, providing a basis for determining the priority supervision areas of pollution sources in metal smelting areas, and being able to meet the actual needs of graded management of polluted areas, especially being able to meet the needs of effective supervision with limited supervision resources and achieving full coverage of the entire political area.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A method for environmental health risk assessment of composite pollution in a metal smelting area comprises the following steps: S1: Building an environmental health risk assessment system According to the multi-stage, multi-model, and multi-dimensional evaluation of the environmental health risk assessment and regulatory priority grading process of the heavy metal composite pollution in the metal smelting area under multiple exposure media in steps S2-S8, a network-based environmental health risk assessment system is constructed, the system includes a cloud server and multiple terminals; the cloud server is built with an environmental health risk assessment and regulatory priority judgment program for heavy metal composite pollution, the program includes: an information acquisition module, a hazard identification module, a receptor assessment module, a hazard assessment module, an exposure assessment module, a comprehensive risk assessment module, and a regulatory priority judgment module; S2: Data acquisition and entry The geographical area where metal production activities are carried out is taken as the assessment scope to be supervised, and the overall geographical scope of the metal smelting area within the assessment scope and multiple grid blocks within it are delineated; data is collected on the environmental information of the overall area of ​​the assessment scope and each grid block, and environmental samples are collected and tested to obtain a variety of data mainly including basic information, environmental data and production conditions, which are input into the system through the information acquisition module; S3: Identification of environmental health hazards caused by heavy metals Through the heavy metal hazard identification module, the indicator systems constructed for metal smelters and slag dumps within the assessment scope are used to calculate and determine the heavy metal environmental health hazard identification scores corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block; S4: Receptor Assessment for Heavy Metal Environmental Health Through the heavy metal receptor assessment module, an indicator system for both environmental receptors and human receptors within the assessment scope is constructed, and the heavy metal environmental health receptor assessment scores corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block are calculated and determined; S5: Environmental health hazard assessment of heavy metals Through the heavy metal hazard assessment module, an indicator system for environmental hazards and human hazards within the assessment scope is constructed, and the heavy metal environmental health hazard assessment scores corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block are calculated and determined; S6: Environmental health exposure assessment of heavy metals Through the heavy metal exposure assessment module, an indicator system for both internal and external exposure within the assessment scope is constructed to calculate and determine the heavy metal environmental health exposure assessment scores corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block; S7: Comprehensive assessment of heavy metal environmental health Through the comprehensive assessment module of heavy metal environmental health risks, the scores of heavy metal environmental health hazard identification, receptor assessment, hazard assessment and exposure assessment corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block in the assessment area are combined with the corresponding weights to calculate the environmental health risk index; further, based on the heavy metal environmental health risk index score, heavy metal carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk values, the heavy metal environmental health risk level corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block is calculated; S8: Determine regulatory priorities and priority regulatory areas Through the supervision priority judgment module, according to the heavy metal environmental health risk index EHRI, heavy metal environmental health risk level, and the preset supervision priority threshold range, the overall geographical scope and the corresponding supervision priority (6 levels) of each grid block are automatically judged, the priority supervision area is determined, and the supervision priority and priority supervision area judgment results are automatically output to carry out targeted differentiated supervision; S9: Validation of regulatory priority areas For priority regulatory areas and their priorities, data obtained from external data sources and sampling by detection instruments are imported as comparison data and substituted into steps S3-S8 to verify the automatically determined priority regulatory areas and their priorities; if the error is found to exceed the allowable range, the calculation model or parameters of steps S3-S8 are adjusted; S10: Dynamic update of priority regulatory areas Regularly update the data obtained and entered in step S2, repeat steps S3-S9, dynamically update the judgment results of priority supervision areas and their priorities, and continue to carry out targeted differentiated supervision.

[0010] An environmental health risk assessment system for composite pollution in a metal smelting area, characterized in that it is a network information system for implementing the aforementioned environmental health risk assessment method for composite pollution in a metal smelting area, comprising a cloud server and a plurality of network terminals; the cloud server is equipped with an environmental health risk assessment program for composite pollution of heavy metals in a metal smelting area under multiple exposure media, the program comprising: an information acquisition module, a hazard identification module, a receptor assessment module, a hazard assessment module, an exposure assessment module, a comprehensive risk assessment module, and a regulatory priority judgment module; Each module cooperates with each other to determine the priority regulatory areas through a multi-stage, multi-model, and multi-dimensional evaluation of environmental health risk assessment and regulatory priority classification process, and determine the priority regulatory areas in the overall geographical scope and each gridded block; The information acquisition module is used to collect data on the environmental information of the overall area to be supervised and each gridded block, collect and test environmental samples, obtain a variety of data mainly including basic information, environmental data and production conditions, and enter them into the system; The hazard identification module is used to assign values ​​and score the index system constructed for the metal smelting plant and slag yard within the metal smelting area to obtain the heavy metal environmental health hazard identification score; The receptor assessment module is used to assign values ​​and score the index system of environmental receptors and human receptors within the metal smelting area to obtain the heavy metal environmental health receptor assessment score; The hazard assessment module is used to assign values ​​and score the index system for environmental hazards and human hazards within the metal smelting area, and obtain the heavy metal environmental health hazard assessment module score; The exposure assessment module is used to assign values ​​and score the index system for both internal and external exposure and internal exposure within the metal smelting area, and obtain the heavy metal environmental health exposure assessment module score; The comprehensive risk assessment module is used to combine the module scores of regional heavy metal environmental health hazard identification, receptor assessment, hazard assessment and exposure assessment with the corresponding weights to calculate the environmental health risk index, and further calculate the heavy metal environmental health risk level of the metal smelting area based on the heavy metal environmental health risk index score, heavy metal carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk value.

[0011] The regulatory priority determination module is used to determine the priority regulatory classification based on the environmental health risk assessment results, and determine the overall geographical scope and the priority regulatory areas in each gridded block; The multiple network terminals are management terminals and user terminals connected to the cloud server based on the network and used to manage the cloud server or perform data interaction with the cloud server.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the environmental health risk assessment method and system for composite pollution in metal smelting areas under multiple exposure media provided by the present invention have at least the following advantages: 1. The method and system provided by the present invention are new and oriented to regulatory needs. They take the heavy metal complex pollution in metal smelting areas as the object, and on the basis of covering the requirements of existing relevant standards, adopt a multi-stage, multi-model, and multi-dimensional evaluation of environmental health risk assessment and regulatory priority classification process, and a network-based environmental health risk assessment system, with the purpose of scientifically determining the health risks of heavy metals in environmental media to the environment and the human body under high-intensity metal smelting activities and the division of priority regulatory areas, and provide a basis for determining the priority regulatory areas of pollution sources in metal smelting areas, that is, it can provide a basis for clearly dividing the regulatory priority levels of each gridded metal smelting area, can meet the actual needs of hierarchical management of polluted areas, especially can meet the needs of effective supervision with limited regulatory resources and full coverage of the entire political area, can greatly improve the efficiency of environmental supervision, and has important social value and significance.

[0013] 2. The heavy metal environmental health risk assessment method for metal smelting areas of the present invention can specifically target the special properties of multiple exposure media and heavy metal composite pollution existing in metal smelting areas, comprehensively consider the composite pollution effects of multiple heavy metals in different exposure media, and scientifically determine the health risks of heavy metals in environmental media to the environment and the population under high-intensity metal smelting activities. Through multiple steps, multiple models, and multiple dimensions, a systematic scientific evaluation and auxiliary decision-making system are carried out, which fills the gap in the existing standards and technologies for the graded supervision of metal smelting areas.

[0014] 3. The present invention constructs an index system based on metal smelters and slag yards to determine the score of the heavy metal environmental health hazard identification module of this module; constructs an index system based on environmental receptors and human receptors to determine the score of the heavy metal environmental health receptor assessment module of this module; constructs an index system based on environmental hazards and human hazards to determine the score of the heavy metal environmental health hazard assessment module of this module; constructs an index system based on internal and external exposure and internal exposure to determine the score of the heavy metal environmental health exposure assessment module of this module; finally, all module scores are combined with weights to calculate the environmental health risk index, and further combined with the heavy metal carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk values, finally determine the heavy metal environmental health risk level of the metal smelting area.

[0015] 4. The environmental health risk assessment method for heavy metals in metal smelting areas of the present invention focuses on metal smelting areas while making the evaluation object more comprehensive. In view of the shortcomings of the existing evaluation methods in the prior art that focus on a single heavy metal or a single medium, the judgment method of the present invention combines the content of the heavy metal site survey and focuses on the migration ability, bioavailability, and internal exposure level monitoring of heavy metals. Therefore, the output results are more objective and more credible.

[0016] 5. The method and system provided by the present invention introduce a variety of calculation models through network interaction. The system adopts a modular design and divides the models corresponding to different evaluation stages and functions into independent modules for easy management and maintenance. The system integrates a variety of technologies and methods, so that it can achieve a comprehensive and focused assessment of the environmental health risks of heavy metal composite pollution in metal smelting areas under complex multi-exposure media. The evaluation process and system have clear levels, modularity, high integration, strong flexibility, good interactivity, high intelligence, visualization and strong security, which can meet the needs of efficient, accurate and low-cost determination of priority supervision areas in metal smelting areas.

[0017] 6. The present invention adopts a wider range of sensitive objects. When comprehensively rating heavy metals in metal smelting areas, the evaluation method of the present invention not only considers the health hazards of heavy metals themselves, but also considers the sensitive receptors in the area where the metal smelting area is located (such as environmental sensitive receptors such as drinking water sources, sensitive populations, etc.). The objects considered are more extensive and more practical. The output results are universal, universal and comparable, which can help local governments anchor targets in key areas of environmental control in metal smelting areas, provide a basis for the control strategy of environmental health risks in metal smelting areas, and provide accurate, efficient and accurate data support for reducing the health risk level of the areas to be supervised. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the module structure and main process flow of the environmental health risk assessment system for composite pollution in a metal smelting area under multiple exposure media according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main process of the environmental health risk assessment method for composite pollution in a metal smelting area under multiple exposure media according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the pathways of human body exposure to heavy metals through multiple media in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] The methods and systems provided in the following embodiments of the present invention need to comprehensively consider the overall geographical scope of the entire metal smelting area and the heavy metal environmental health risk level assessment and regulatory priority division corresponding to each grid block. It adopts a multi-stage, multi-model, and multi-dimensional evaluation environmental health risk assessment and regulatory priority classification process, and a network-based environmental health risk assessment system. It can make a scientific and comprehensive assessment of the environmental health risks of heavy metal complex pollution in metal smelting areas under multiple exposure media, and at the same time can quickly and accurately identify areas that need priority control to support efficient and low-cost environmental supervision and law enforcement and other work.

[0021] Example 1 See attached Figure 1-Figure 3 The environmental health risk assessment method for composite pollution in a metal smelting area under multiple exposure media provided by the present invention comprises the following steps: S1: Building an environmental health risk assessment system According to the multi-stage, multi-model, and multi-dimensional evaluation of environmental health risk assessment and regulatory priority grading process for heavy metal composite pollution in metal smelting areas under multiple exposure media in steps S2-S8, a network-based environmental health risk assessment system is constructed, the system includes a cloud server and multiple terminals; the cloud server is built with an environmental health risk assessment and regulatory priority judgment program for heavy metal composite pollution, the program includes: an information acquisition module, a hazard identification module, a receptor assessment module, a hazard assessment module, an exposure assessment module, a comprehensive risk assessment module, and a regulatory priority judgment module; S2: Data acquisition and entry The geographical area where metal production activities are carried out is taken as the assessment scope to be supervised, and the overall geographical scope of the metal smelting area within the assessment scope and multiple grid blocks within it are delineated; data is collected on the environmental information of the overall area of ​​the assessment scope and each grid block, and environmental samples are collected and tested to obtain a variety of data mainly including basic information, environmental data and production conditions, which are input into the system through the information acquisition module; the specific steps include: S2-1: Obtaining and entering basic information The basic information obtained and entered includes digitized enterprise information, sensitive targets, supporting resources, population information, and slag dumps; S2-2: Acquiring and entering environmental data Environmental data acquired and entered, including basic data, hydrological and meteorological data, and pollution emission data after digitization; S2-3: Obtain and enter production information The production conditions obtained and entered include the digitized data on smelting process, raw and auxiliary materials, production layout, and management level; S3: Identification of environmental health hazards caused by heavy metals Through the heavy metal hazard identification module, the indicator systems constructed for metal smelters and slag dumps within the assessment scope are used to calculate and determine the heavy metal environmental health hazard identification scores corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block; The heavy metal environmental health hazard identification is to identify the main risk sources within the assessment scope through the heavy metal environmental health hazard identification module, and then evaluate the intensity of the risk source based on the characteristics of the risk source. The specific steps include: S3-1: Metal smelters are given a maximum score of 60, which includes four indicators: metal type, smelting years, smelting process, and environmental protection measures, and scores are given according to specific circumstances; S3-2: The maximum score for slag dump is 40, which includes four indicators: storage area, storage time, protection measures, and management status, and scores are given according to specific circumstances; S3-3: Add the scores of metal smelters and slag dumps to obtain the heavy metal environmental health hazard identification scores for the entire geographic area and each gridded block; S4: Receptor Assessment for Heavy Metal Environmental Health Through the heavy metal receptor assessment module, an indicator system for both environmental receptors and human receptors within the assessment scope is constructed, and the heavy metal environmental health receptor assessment scores corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block are calculated and determined; The receptor assessment of heavy metal environmental health is to conduct receptor assessment based on the hazard identification results through the heavy metal environmental health hazard identification module, and includes the following steps: S4-1: Environmental receptors are given a maximum score of 50, including two indicators, water environment and soil environment, and scores are given according to specific circumstances; S4-2: The maximum score for population receptors is 50, which includes two indicators: population density and special areas, and scores are given according to specific circumstances; S4-3: Add the scores of environmental receptors and human receptors to obtain the final scores of heavy metal environmental health receptor assessment corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block; S5: Environmental health hazard assessment of heavy metals Through the heavy metal hazard assessment module, an indicator system for environmental hazards and human hazards within the assessment scope is constructed, and the heavy metal environmental health hazard assessment scores corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block are calculated and determined; The step S5 of heavy metal environmental health hazard assessment is to qualitatively describe the pollution status of the surrounding environment caused by heavy metals based on the hazard identification results through the heavy metal hazard assessment module, assign values ​​and score the index system constructed in terms of environmental hazards and human hazards within the assessment scope, and specifically include the following steps: S5-1: The maximum score for environmental hazard assessment is 70, which includes two indicators: concentration level and index discrimination, and scores are given according to specific circumstances; S5-2: The maximum score for human hazard assessment is 30, which includes two indicators: migration ability and bioavailability, and scores are given according to specific circumstances; S5-3: Add the scores of environmental hazard assessment and human hazard assessment to obtain the final scores of heavy metal environmental health hazard assessment corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block; S6: Environmental health exposure assessment of heavy metals Through the heavy metal exposure assessment module, an indicator system for both internal and external exposure within the assessment scope is constructed to calculate and determine the heavy metal environmental health exposure assessment scores corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block; The heavy metal environmental health exposure assessment is mainly based on different heavy metal exposure media and pathways, combined with population exposure information, to assign values ​​and score exposure levels, including the following steps: S6-1: The maximum score for external exposure assessment is 40, which involves indicators of four exposure media and three types of exposure pathways, and scores are given according to specific circumstances; the four exposure media are ambient air, diet, drinking water, and soil; the three types of exposure pathways are respiratory inhalation, digestive ingestion, and skin contact; S6-2: The maximum score for internal exposure assessment is 60, including the indicators of exposure markers and impact markers, and the scores are given according to the specific situation; S6-3: Add the scores of external exposure assessment and internal exposure assessment to obtain the final scores of heavy metal environmental health exposure assessment corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block; S7: Comprehensive assessment of heavy metal environmental health Through the comprehensive assessment module of heavy metal environmental health risks, the scores of heavy metal environmental health hazard identification, receptor assessment, hazard assessment and exposure assessment corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block in the assessment area are combined with the corresponding weights to calculate the environmental health risk index; further, based on the heavy metal environmental health risk index score, heavy metal carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk value, the heavy metal environmental health risk level corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block is calculated; the specific steps of comprehensive assessment of heavy metal environmental health through the comprehensive assessment module of heavy metal environmental health risks are as follows: S7-1: First calculate the total carcinogenic risk value and total non-carcinogenic risk value of heavy metals in the assessment area; S7-2: Combine the scores of heavy metal environmental health hazard identification, receptor assessment, hazard assessment and exposure assessment corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block in the assessment area with the corresponding weights to calculate the environmental health risk index; The standard calculation formula for the heavy metal environmental health risk index in metal smelting areas is as follows1: Formula 1 Where: EHRI - Heavy Metal Environmental Health Risk Index n——the number of evaluation indicators; i——the i-th indicator; X i ——evaluation index scores; W i ——Evaluation index weights (values ​​are: hazard identification 0.4, receptor assessment 0.3, hazard assessment 0.2, exposure assessment 0.1); S7-3: Based on the calculated heavy metal environmental health risk index, total heavy metal carcinogenic risk value and total heavy metal non-carcinogenic risk value, corresponding to the preset threshold range, the corresponding overall geographical range and the heavy metal environmental health risk level corresponding to each gridded block are obtained; S8: Determine regulatory priorities and priority regulatory areas Through the supervision priority judgment module, according to the heavy metal environmental health risk index EHRI, heavy metal environmental health risk level, and the preset supervision priority threshold range, the overall geographical scope and the corresponding supervision priority (6 levels) of each grid block are automatically judged, the priority supervision area is determined, and the supervision priority and priority supervision area judgment results are automatically output to carry out targeted differentiated supervision; S9: Validation of regulatory priority areas For the priority regulatory areas and their priorities, the data obtained by sampling from external data sources (other regulatory agencies, meteorological and environmental departments, etc.) and detection instruments (including soil, atmosphere, groundwater and other detection instruments) are imported as comparison data and substituted into steps S3-S8 to verify the automatically determined priority regulatory areas and their priorities; if it is found that the error exceeds the allowable range, the calculation model or parameters of steps S3-S8 are adjusted to make the confidence level of the automatically determined priority regulatory areas and their priority determination results within an appropriate range; S10: Dynamic update of priority regulatory areas Regularly update the data obtained and entered in step S2, repeat steps S3-S9, dynamically update the judgment results of priority supervision areas and their priorities, and continue to carry out targeted differentiated supervision.

[0022] A system for environmental health risk assessment of composite pollution in metal smelting areas, which is a network information system for implementing the aforementioned method for environmental health risk assessment of composite pollution in metal smelting areas, comprising a cloud server and a plurality of network terminals; the cloud server is built with an environmental health risk assessment program for composite pollution of heavy metals in metal smelting areas under multiple exposure media, the program comprising: an information acquisition module, a hazard identification module, a receptor assessment module, a hazard assessment module, an exposure assessment module, a comprehensive risk assessment module, and a regulatory priority judgment module; Each module cooperates with each other to determine the priority regulatory areas through a multi-stage, multi-model, and multi-dimensional evaluation of environmental health risk assessment and regulatory priority classification process, and determine the priority regulatory areas in the overall geographical scope and each gridded block; The information acquisition module is used to collect data on the environmental information of the overall area to be supervised and each gridded block, collect and test environmental samples, obtain a variety of data mainly including basic information, environmental data and production conditions, and enter them into the system; The hazard identification module is used to assign values ​​and score the index system of the metal smelter and slag yard within the metal smelting area to obtain the heavy metal environmental health hazard identification score; The receptor assessment module is used to assign values ​​and score the index system of environmental receptors and human receptors within the metal smelting area to obtain the heavy metal environmental health receptor assessment score; The hazard assessment module is used to assign values ​​and score the index system for environmental hazards and human hazards within the metal smelting area, and obtain the heavy metal environmental health hazard assessment module score; The exposure assessment module is used to assign values ​​and score the index system for both internal and external exposure and internal exposure within the metal smelting area, and obtain the heavy metal environmental health exposure assessment module score; The comprehensive risk assessment module is used to combine the module scores of regional heavy metal environmental health hazard identification, receptor assessment, hazard assessment and exposure assessment with the corresponding weights to calculate the environmental health risk index, and further calculate the heavy metal environmental health risk level of the metal smelting area based on the heavy metal environmental health risk index score, heavy metal carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk value.

[0023] The regulatory priority determination module is used to determine the priority regulatory classification based on the environmental health risk assessment results, and determine the overall geographical scope and the priority regulatory areas in each gridded block; The multiple network terminals are management terminals and user terminals connected to the cloud server based on the network and used to manage the cloud server or perform data interaction with the cloud server.

[0024] The method and system provided in the embodiments of the present invention cover the requirements of multiple existing industry standards. Through a multi-stage, multi-model, and multi-dimensional evaluation of environmental health risk assessment and regulatory priority classification process, and a network-based environmental health risk assessment system, it better solves the environmental health risk assessment and effective supervision problems of multiple heavy metal complex pollution in multiple exposure media, and establishes a set of technical methods applicable to the comprehensive environmental health ecological risk assessment and effective supervision of heavy metals in smelting areas. It can conduct scientific, comprehensive and targeted effective supervision assessments of the health risks of human exposure to heavy metals in environmental media under high-intensity metal smelting activities, and can also provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of various heavy metal pollution, human health protection, and efficient supervision in metal smelting areas.

[0025] Example 2 The environmental health risk assessment method and system for complex pollution in metal smelting areas under multiple exposure media provided in this embodiment are based on Example 1 and are the concretization of the technical content of each step.

[0026] The environmental health risk assessment method for heavy metal composite pollution in metal smelting areas under multiple exposure media in this embodiment is based on Example 1, and each step further includes the following specific steps: In step S2, the information collection of the metal smelting area in data acquisition and input can be specifically determined by combining multiple methods such as literature review, on-site investigation and survey, and personnel interviews to determine the information to be collected. The specific information content of the information collection is shown in Table 1.

[0027] Table 1

[0028] Step S3, heavy metal environmental health hazard identification, is to calculate and determine the heavy metal environmental health hazard identification score corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block through the heavy metal environmental health hazard identification module of the metal smelting area.

[0029] The heavy metal environmental health hazard identification module first identifies the main risk sources within the assessment scope, and based on the characteristics of these risk sources, evaluates the intensity of risk sources in each area, including the evaluation of metal smelters and slag yards. Among them, the highest score for metal smelters is 60, involving four indicators and scores of metal types, smelting years, smelting processes, and environmental protection measures. The specific indicator scores are shown in Table 2 (Metal Smelting Production Plant Hazard Assessment Indicators and Corresponding Scores); the highest score for slag yards is 40, involving four indicators and scores of storage area, storage time, protective measures, and governance conditions. The specific indicator scores are shown in Table 3 (Slag Yard Hazard Intensity Assessment Indicators and Corresponding Scores). Finally, the scores of metal smelters and slag yards are added together, and the sum is the final score of heavy metal environmental health hazard identification.

[0030] Table 2

[0031] Note: According to the list of Class I carcinogens published by the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer, heavy metals are divided into carcinogenic heavy metals (arsenic, chromium, cadmium, beryllium, nickel) and non-carcinogenic heavy metals.

[0032] Table 3

[0033] The heavy metal environmental health receptor assessment in step S4 is to determine the scores corresponding to the heavy metal environmental health receptor assessments of each specific area in the metal smelting area.

[0034] The heavy metal environmental health hazard identification module mainly evaluates receptors based on the hazard identification results, including environmental receptors and human receptors. The maximum score for environmental receptors is 50, including the two indicators of water environment and soil environment and the corresponding scores; water environment receptors are evaluated through hydrogeological conditions, groundwater properties, water ecological environment sensitive areas and vulnerable areas, and soil environment is evaluated through soil land use types and soil environmental sensitive targets. The specific indicators and corresponding scores are shown in Table 4 (Environmental receptor evaluation indicators and corresponding scores). The maximum score for human receptors is 50, including the two indicators of population density and special areas and the corresponding scores. The specific indicator scores are shown in Table 5 (Environmental receptor evaluation indicators and corresponding scores). Finally, the scores of environmental receptors and human receptors are added together, and the sum is the final score of the heavy metal environmental health receptor assessment.

[0035] Table 4

[0036] Table 5

[0037] The heavy metal environmental health hazard assessment in step S5 is to calculate and determine the assessment score of the heavy metal environmental health hazard in the metal smelting area.

[0038] The heavy metal environmental health hazard identification module qualitatively describes the pollution status of the surrounding environment caused by heavy metals based on the hazard identification results. Among them, the highest score for environmental hazard assessment is 70, which includes two indicators, concentration level and index discrimination, and the corresponding scores. The environmental hazard assessment is mainly combined with the content of the contaminated site investigation to further determine the degree of heavy metal pollution to the surface water, groundwater and soil around the metal smelting area. Secondly, the Rapant ecological risk index, Hakanson comprehensive potential ecological hazard index and geoaccumulation index method are selected. Igeo As the heavy metal environmental hazard characterization index, the specific index content is shown in Table 6 (heavy metal environmental hazard assessment index and corresponding score). The human hazard assessment reflects the relationship between the heavy metal exposure level and the incidence of adverse effects in the exposed population. The maximum score for the human hazard assessment adopted in the embodiment of the present invention is 30, which includes the two index contents of migration ability and bioavailability and the corresponding scores. The specific index content is shown in Table 7 (heavy metal human hazard characterization index and corresponding score). Finally, the scores of the environmental hazard assessment and the human hazard assessment are added together, and the sum is the final score of the heavy metal environmental health hazard assessment.

[0039] Table 6

[0040] Note: (1) The selection of cleaning control points should comply with the provisions of HJ 25.2; (2) If the heavy metal index being evaluated is not within the scope of national standards such as GB / T 3838-2002, GB36600-2018, and GB / T 14848-2017, the scoring can be based on the local environmental assessment standards of Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and other provinces and cities.

[0041] Rapant Ecological Risk Index (I ER ) is the sum of the ecological risk index values ​​of each heavy metal in a sample. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0042] In the formula, C Ai represents the measured content of the ith heavy metal; C Ri represents the critical limit or background value of the ith heavy metal, C Ri Refer to relevant national standards and industry standards. In the absence of relevant national standards and industry standards, the detection value of the control area sample can be used as the background value; n is the total number of heavy metals in the sample. Ai < C Ri When ER =0.

[0043] The Hakanson comprehensive potential ecological hazard index (RI) is the sum of the potential ecological hazard coefficients of each heavy metal in a sample. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0044] In the formula, is the toxicity coefficient of the i-th heavy metal element, reflecting the toxicity level of heavy metals and the sensitivity of organisms to heavy metal pollution; C i is the measured value of the heavy metal element concentration in the sample; is the critical limit or background value of the ith heavy metal; m is the total number of heavy metals in the sample.

[0045] According to the geoaccumulation index method (I geo ) is used for the pollution assessment of heavy metals in dust in metal smelters. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0046] In the formula, C i Indicates the concentration of heavy metal i in dust, mg / kg; B i It represents the environmental background value of heavy metal i, mg / kg, based on the soil heavy metal background value in the province where the metal smelter is located.

[0047] Table 7

[0048] The average bioavailability of soil heavy metals in the simulated gastric or intestinal phase was calculated as follows:

[0049] In the formula, C Bio is the average bioavailability of soil heavy metals in the simulated gastric or intestinal phase, mg / kg; C is the concentration of heavy metals in simulated gastric or intestinal fluid, mg / L; V is the volume of simulated gastric or intestinal fluid, L; m is the amount of soil tested, kg; C o is the total amount of heavy metals in the soil, mg / kg; n is the number of samples.

[0050] The heavy metal environmental health exposure assessment in step S6 is to calculate and determine the score of the heavy metal environmental health exposure assessment in the metal smelting area.

[0051] The heavy metal environmental health exposure assessment module is mainly based on different exposure media and pathways of heavy metals, combined with information on non-occupational and occupational populations, to quantitatively estimate and assign scores to external environmental exposure levels. Among them, the maximum score for external exposure assessment is 40, which involves the indicator content and corresponding scores of four exposure media (ambient air, diet, drinking water, soil) and three exposure pathways (respiratory inhalation, digestive tract ingestion, and skin contact). The specific indicator content is shown in Table 9 (heavy metal environmental exposure assessment indicators and corresponding scores). The internal exposure assessment reflects the total amount of heavy metals absorbed by the body in a certain period of time, and the heavy metal exposure can be estimated by measuring biomarker indicators in the human body. The maximum score for internal exposure assessment is 60, including two types of evaluation indicators: exposure markers and impact markers. The specific assessment content is shown in Table 10 (heavy metal environmental exposure assessment indicators and corresponding scores). Finally, the scores of the external exposure assessment and the internal exposure assessment are added together, and the sum is the final score of the heavy metal environmental health exposure assessment.

[0052] See also Figure 3 The human body is exposed to heavy metals through four media: ambient air, drinking water, soil / dust and diet, mainly through respiratory inhalation, digestive tract ingestion and skin contact. The average daily exposure dose of ambient air / diet / drinking water / soil through respiratory inhalation, digestive tract ingestion and skin contact can be calculated according to the following formula.

[0053] 1) The average daily exposure dose through the digestive tract, including the average daily exposure dose through oral intake of food (food), the average daily exposure dose through oral drinking of surface water / groundwater (water) and the average daily exposure dose through oral intake of soil (soil).

[0054] ① The formula for calculating the average daily exposure dose of food taken orally is:

[0055] Where: ADD oral-food is the average daily exposure dose of heavy metals in food through oral intake [mg / (kg·d)]; C f is the heavy metal concentration in food taken orally (mg / kg); IR f is food intake (kg / meal); EF is the exposure frequency (d / a); ED is the exposure duration (a); BW is the mean mass of the population (kg); AT is the average exposure time (d); ② Calculation formula for daily average exposure dose from oral drinking of surface water / groundwater:

[0056] Where: ADD oral-water is the average daily exposure dose of heavy metals in surface water / groundwater through oral drinking [mg / (kg·d)]; C w The heavy metal concentration in oral drinking surface water / groundwater (mg / L); IR w is the surface water / groundwater intake (kg / L); EF is the exposure frequency (d / a); ED is the exposure duration (a); BW is the mean mass of the population (kg); AT is the average exposure time (d); ③ The formula for calculating the average daily exposure dose from oral ingestion of soil is:

[0057] Where: ADD oral-soil is the average daily exposure dose of heavy metals in soil through oral intake [mg / (kg·d)]; C s is the soil heavy metal concentration (mg / kg); IR sis the soil intake (mg / d), EF is the exposure frequency (d / a); ED is the exposure duration (a); BW is the mean mass of the population (kg); AT is the average exposure time (d); 2) The average daily exposure dose through respiratory tract inhalation is only the average daily exposure dose through respiratory tract inhalation of ambient air (air).

[0058] The formula for calculating the average daily exposure dose from inhalation of ambient air through the respiratory tract is:

[0059] Where: ADD inh-air is the average daily exposure dose of heavy metals in the ambient air through respiratory tract inhalation [mg / (m 3 d)]; C a is the concentration of heavy metals in the ambient air inhaled through the respiratory tract (mg / m 3 ); IR inh is the respiratory volume (m 3 / d); ET Daily exposure hours (h / d) EF is the exposure frequency (d / a); ED is the exposure duration (a); BW is the average mass of the population (kg); AT is the average exposure time (d); 3) Average daily exposure dose through skin contact ① The formula for calculating the average daily exposure dose of contaminated soil through skin contact is:

[0060] Where: ADD dermal-soil is the average daily exposure dose of contaminated soil through skin contact (mg / kg·d); Cs is the concentration of heavy metals in contaminated soil in skin contact (mg / kg); SA s is the surface area of ​​the skin in contact with the soil (cm 2 ); AF is the adhesion factor of skin to soil (mg / cm 2 ) ABSd is the absorption factor of pollutants by the skin (dimensionless); EF is the frequency of skin contact with soil (soil: events / a); ED is the exposure duration (a); BW is the mean mass of the population (kg); AT is the average exposure time (d); ② The formula for calculating the average daily exposure dose through skin contact with surface water / groundwater (water):

[0061] Where: ADD dermal-water is the average daily exposure dose to surface water / groundwater through skin contact (mg / kg·d); C w is the concentration of heavy metals in surface water / groundwater exposed to the skin (mg / L); SA w The surface area of ​​skin contact with surface water / groundwater (cm 2 ); PC is the heavy metal skin penetration constant (cm / h) ET is daily exposure hours (h / d) EF is the exposure frequency (d / a); ED is the exposure duration (a); BW is the mean mass of the population (kg); AT is the average exposure time (d); The definitions and reference values ​​of each parameter in the calculation formula for exposure via different pathways are shown in Table 8 (Definitions and reference values ​​of each parameter in the calculation formula for exposure via different pathways).

[0062] Table 8

[0063] Table 9

[0064] Note: Professional population refers to people engaged in metal smelting production, including those in the industry and retired personnel. Non-professional population refers to people who are not engaged in metal smelting production but live around the production area.

[0065] Table 10

[0066] Table 11 Types of impact markers and judgment criteria

[0067] The comprehensive assessment of heavy metal environmental health in step S7 is to calculate and determine the comprehensive assessment level of heavy metal environmental health risks in the metal smelting area.

[0068] The heavy metal environmental health risk comprehensive assessment module first calculates the total carcinogenic risk value and total non-carcinogenic risk value of heavy metals in the area, and then combines the module scores of heavy metal environmental health hazard identification, receptor assessment, hazard assessment and exposure assessment with the corresponding weights to calculate the heavy metal environmental health risk assessment index (EHI). Finally, based on the results of the heavy metal environmental health risk index, the total carcinogenic risk value of heavy metals and the total non-carcinogenic risk value of heavy metals, the heavy metal environmental health risk level of the metal smelting area is jointly determined.

[0069] 1) Heavy metal cancer risk ① The carcinogenic risk (CR) of a single heavy metal exposed through a single route of inhalation (inh), ingestion (oral), or skin contact (dermal) is calculated as follows:

[0070] Where: CR inh / oral / dermal The excess lifetime risk of cancer through inhalation (inh), ingestion (oral), and skin contact (dermal) is dimensionless; ADD inh / oral / dermal The average daily exposure dose through respiratory inhalation (inh), digestive tract ingestion (oral), and skin contact (dermal) is mg / (kg / d); SF inh / oral / dermal Carcinogenicity slope factors for inhalation (inh), ingestion (oral), and skin contact (dermal), [mg / (kg / d)] -1 .

[0071] ② Total carcinogenic risk (TCR) of multiple heavy metals through multiple routes of exposure (inh), digestive tract ingestion (oral), and skin contact (dermal) total ), the calculation formula is as follows:

[0072] Where: CR i,j ——i Carcinogenic risk of a single heavy metal in the exposure medium via j exposure route; TCR n ——Carcinogenic risks of n heavy metals in four exposure media through three exposure pathways; i——the i-th indicator, including four exposure media: ambient air (air), diet (food), drinking water (water), and soil / dust (soil); j——The jth indicator, including three routes: respiratory inhalation (inh), digestive tract ingestion (oral), and skin contact (dermal).

[0073] 2) Non-carcinogenic risk assessment of heavy metals ① The non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) of a single heavy metal exposed through a single route of inhalation (inh), ingestion (oral), or skin contact (dermal) is calculated as follows:

[0074] Where: HQ inh / oral / dermal Hazard quotient via respiratory inhalation (inh), digestive ingestion (oral), and skin contact (dermal), dimensionless; ADD inh / oral / dermal The average daily exposure dose through respiratory inhalation (inh), digestive tract ingestion (oral), and skin contact (dermal) is mg / (kg / d); RfD inh / oral / dermal The reference dose for inhalation through the respiratory tract (inh), ingestion through the digestive tract (oral), and skin contact (dermal) is mg / (kg / d).

[0075] ② The total non-carcinogenic risk (THQ) of multiple heavy metals through multiple routes of exposure (inh), digestive tract ingestion (oral), and skin contact (dermal) total ), the calculation formula is as follows:

[0076] Where: HQ i,j ——non-carcinogenic risk of a single heavy metal in the exposure medium via the exposure route; THQ n ——Non-carcinogenic risks of n heavy metals in four exposure media via three exposure pathways; i——the i-th indicator, including four exposure media: ambient air (air), diet (food), drinking water (water), and soil / dust (soil); j——The jth indicator, including three routes: respiratory inhalation (inh), digestive tract ingestion (oral), and skin contact (dermal).

[0077] 3) Heavy metal environmental health risk assessment index (EHI). The standard calculation formula for the heavy metal environmental health risk index in the metal smelting area is formula 1: Formula 1 Where: EHRI - Heavy Metal Environmental Health Risk Index n——the number of evaluation indicators; i——the i-th indicator; X i ——evaluation index scores; W i ——Evaluation index weights, see Table 12 (Environmental health risk assessment index weights for metal smelting areas).

[0078] Table 12

[0079] 4) Comprehensively judge the environmental health risk level According to the classification of carcinogenic heavy metals and non-carcinogenic heavy metals, the total carcinogenic risk values ​​(TCR) of multiple heavy metals were calculated. total ) and total non-carcinogenic risk values ​​(THQ total ), when THQ total <1, heavy metal elements will not cause non-carcinogenic risk to individuals; when THQ total ≥1, non-carcinogenic health effects may occur, and the risk will increase with THQ total The value increases. At the same time, TCR is calculated total Value, when TCR total <1×10 -6 Indicates that the cancer risk is negligible; when 1×10 -6 ≤TCR total < 1×10 -4 , then the carcinogenic risk is within an acceptable range; when TCR total ≥1×10 -4 , there is a risk of cancer. Therefore, combined with the Environmental Health Risk Index (EHRI), the environmental health risk level of the metal smelting area is divided into 6 levels: high risk, medium-high risk, medium risk, medium-low risk, low risk and no risk. See Table 13 (Environmental Health Risk Classification Standards for Metal Smelting Areas) for details; among them, the high risk, medium-high risk and medium risk levels require priority and key supervision, while the medium-low risk, low risk and no risk levels do not require priority supervision.

[0080] Table 13

[0081] (7) Priority supervision level of heavy metal environmental health in metal smelting areas and determination of the area where they are located The heavy metal environmental health supervision priority judgment module determines the overall geographical scope and the priority supervision areas in each gridded area according to the level of environmental health risk assessment and the (cross) administrative region where the metal smelting area is located, and gives the priority supervision classification judgment results (level I, level II, level III, level IV) of the supervision area, and conducts targeted priority supervision. See Table 14 (Comparison table of priority supervision areas and level classification of heavy metal environmental health in metal smelting areas) for details.

[0082] Table 14

[0083] Example 3 This embodiment adopts the same method and system as Example 1 and Example 2, and is a practical application of Example 1 and Example 2. On the basis of Example 1 and Example 2, it further specifically conducts environmental health risk assessment and regulatory priority and regional division of heavy metals in high-intensity metal smelting industrial production activities in a certain area of ​​Hubei Province.

[0084] The environmental health risk assessment method for composite pollution in a metal smelting area under multiple exposure media provided in this embodiment includes the following more specific steps: (1) Information collection of a non-ferrous metal smelter in Hubei A non-ferrous metal smelting plant in Hubei covers an area of ​​more than 10,000 square meters, with an existing production area of ​​6,300 square meters, mainly producing heavy non-ferrous metals such as copper and lead. The operating enterprise occupies an area of ​​10,000 square meters. By sorting out the raw and auxiliary materials, pollutants discharged and related basic data involved in the production activities of the enterprise, a basic information database of the non-ferrous metal smelting plant is constructed; (2) Determination of the heavy metal environmental health hazard identification score for a non-ferrous metal smelter in Hubei Based on the information collection, the metal smelter and slag yard of a non-ferrous metal smelter in Hubei were scored. Finally, the heavy metal environmental health hazard identification score of a non-ferrous metal smelter in Hubei was 20. See Table 15 (Heavy metal environmental health hazard identification score of a non-ferrous metal smelter in Hubei) for details.

[0085] Table 15

[0086] (3) Determination of heavy metal environmental health receptor assessment scores for a non-ferrous metal smelter in Hubei Based on information collection and hazard identification, a heavy metal environmental health receptor assessment module was set up. According to the survey results, the hydrogeological conditions, groundwater properties, water ecological environment sensitive areas and vulnerable areas, soil land use types, soil environmental sensitive targets, population density and special areas of a non-ferrous metal smelter in Hubei and its surrounding areas were scored. Finally, the heavy metal environmental health receptor assessment score of the non-ferrous metal smelter in Hubei was 11. See Table 16 (Heavy metal environmental health receptor assessment score of a non-ferrous metal smelter in Hubei) for details.

[0087] Table 16

[0088] (4) Determination of the heavy metal environmental health hazard assessment score for a non-ferrous metal smelter in Hubei According to the information collected from a non-ferrous metal smelter in Hubei, the pollutants are mainly copper and lead, two non-carcinogenic heavy metals. Combined with on-site surveys and personnel interviews, 12 soil samples, 12 groundwater samples, and 2 wastewater samples of the plant and its surrounding environment were tested and analyzed for two types of copper and lead heavy metals. The calculation results were compared with the "Iron Ore Mining and Dressing Industry Pollutant Emission Standard" (GB 28661-2012), "Groundwater Quality Standard" (GB / T 14848-2017), and "Soil Environmental Quality Construction Land Soil Pollution Risk Control Standard (Trial)" (GB36600-2018). At the same time, the Rapant ecological risk index, Hakanson comprehensive potential ecological hazard index, geoaccumulation index, and average bioavailability were calculated. Finally, based on the above results, the heavy metal environmental health hazard assessment score of a non-ferrous metal smelter in Hubei is 35, as shown in Table 17 (heavy metal environmental health hazard assessment score of a non-ferrous metal smelter in Hubei).

[0089] 1) Rapant Ecological Risk Index (I ER ), the specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0090] In the formula, C Ai represents the measured content of the ith heavy metal; C Ri represents the critical limit or background value of the ith heavy metal, C Ri Refer to relevant national standards and industry standards. In the absence of relevant national standards and industry standards, the detection value of the control area sample can be used as the background value; n is the total number of heavy metals in the sample. Ai < C Ri When ER =0.

[0091] 2) Hakanson comprehensive potential ecological risk index (RI), the specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0092] In the formula, is the toxicity coefficient of the i-th heavy metal element; C i is the measured value of the heavy metal element concentration in the sample; is the critical limit or background value of the ith heavy metal; m is the total number of heavy metals in the sample.

[0093] 3) Geoaccumulation Index Method (I geo ), the specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0094] In the formula, C i Indicates the concentration of heavy metal i in dust, mg / kg; B i Represents the environmental background value of heavy metal i, mg / kg.

[0095] 4) The average bioavailability of soil heavy metals in the simulated gastric or intestinal phase is calculated as follows:

[0096] In the formula, C Bio is the average bioavailability of soil heavy metals in the simulated gastric or intestinal phase, mg / kg; C is the concentration of heavy metals in simulated gastric or intestinal fluid, mg / L; V is the volume of simulated gastric or intestinal fluid, L; m is the amount of soil tested, kg; C o is the total amount of heavy metals in the soil, mg / kg; n is the number of samples.

[0097] Table 17

[0098] (5) Determination of heavy metal environmental health exposure assessment scores for a non-ferrous metal smelter in Hubei According to the heavy metal exposure routes (inhalation through the respiratory tract, ingestion through the digestive tract and contact through the skin) and the heavy metal concentrations in the exposure media (ambient air, surface water / groundwater, soil, diet) and biomarkers, combined with the information of the occupational population of a non-ferrous metal smelter in Hubei and the non-occupational population in the administrative area, the external exposure level and internal exposure are evaluated and determined. The occupational population is selected from full-time employees aged 18 to 50 who have worked in the factory for more than one year, 10 men and 10 women. The non-occupational personnel are permanent residents who live in the administrative area of ​​the factory and have lived there for more than one year, aged between 18 and 50, 10 men and 10 women. The specific scores of the heavy metal environmental health exposure assessment of a non-ferrous metal smelter in Hubei are shown in Table 18.

[0099] 1) The average daily exposure dose through the digestive tract, including the average daily exposure dose through oral intake of food (food), the average daily exposure dose through oral drinking of surface water / groundwater (water) and the average daily exposure dose through oral intake of soil (soil).

[0100] ① The formula for calculating the average daily exposure dose of food taken orally is:

[0101] Where: ADD oral-food is the average daily exposure dose of heavy metals in food through oral intake [mg / (kg·d)]; C f is the heavy metal concentration in food taken orally (mg / kg); IR f is food intake (kg / meal); EF is the exposure frequency (d / a); ED is the exposure duration (a); BW is the mean mass of the population (kg); AT is the average exposure time (d); ② Calculation formula for daily average exposure dose from oral drinking of surface water / groundwater:

[0102] Where: ADD oral-water is the average daily exposure dose of heavy metals in surface water / groundwater through oral drinking [mg / (kg·d)]; C w The heavy metal concentration in oral drinking surface water / groundwater (mg / L); IR w is the surface water / groundwater intake (kg / L); EF is the exposure frequency (d / a); ED is the exposure duration (a); BW is the mean mass of the population (kg); AT is the average exposure time (d); ③ The formula for calculating the average daily exposure dose from oral ingestion of soil is:

[0103] Where: ADD oral-soil is the average daily exposure dose of heavy metals in soil through oral intake [mg / (kg·d)]; C s is the soil heavy metal concentration (mg / kg); IR s is the soil intake (mg / d), EF is the exposure frequency (d / a); ED is the exposure duration (a); BW is the mean mass of the population (kg); AT is the average exposure time (d); 2) Calculation formula for average daily exposure dose via respiratory tract intake:

[0104] Where: ADD inh-air is the average daily exposure dose of heavy metals in the ambient air through respiratory tract inhalation [mg / (m 3 d)]; C a is the concentration of heavy metals in the ambient air inhaled through the respiratory tract (mg / m 3 ); IR inh is the respiratory volume (m 3 / d); ET Daily exposure hours (h / d) EF is the exposure frequency (d / a); ED is the exposure duration (a); BW is the average mass of the population (kg); AT is the average exposure time (d); 3) Average daily exposure dose through skin contact ① The formula for calculating the average daily exposure dose of contaminated soil through skin contact is:

[0105] Where: ADDdermal-soil is the average daily exposure dose of contaminated soil through skin contact (mg / kg·d); Cs is the concentration of heavy metals in contaminated soil in skin contact (mg / kg); SA s is the surface area of ​​the skin in contact with the soil (cm 2 ); AF is the adhesion factor of skin to soil (mg / cm 2 ) ABS d is the absorption factor of pollutants by the skin (dimensionless); EF is the frequency of skin contact with soil (soil: events / a); ED is the exposure duration (a); BW is the mean mass of the population (kg); AT is the average exposure time (d); ② Calculation formula for average daily exposure dose through skin contact with surface water / groundwater:

[0106] Where: ADD dermal-water is the average daily exposure dose to surface water / groundwater through skin contact (mg / kg·d); C w is the concentration of heavy metals in surface water / groundwater exposed to the skin (mg / L); SA w The surface area of ​​skin contact with surface water / groundwater (cm 2 ); PC is the heavy metal skin penetration constant (cm / h) ET is daily exposure hours (h / d) EF is the exposure frequency (d / a); ED is the exposure duration (a); BW is the mean mass of the population (kg); AT is the average exposure time (d); Table 18

[0107] Note: Table 19 shows the results of heavy metal impact markers of a non-ferrous metal smelter in Hubei.

[0108] Table 19

[0109] (6) Determination of the level of the comprehensive assessment module for heavy metal environmental health risks of a non-ferrous metal smelter in Hubei The comprehensive assessment module for heavy metal environmental health risks can calculate the total non-carcinogenic risk value THQ of heavy metals in a non-ferrous metal smelter in Hubei Province, because both copper and lead are non-carcinogenic heavy metals. total <1, and then combine the scores of modules (2)-(5) with the corresponding weights to calculate the heavy metal environmental health risk assessment index (EHI) of 20.4. The calculation results are shown in Table 20 (calculation results of the heavy metal environmental risk index of a non-ferrous metal smelter in Hubei). Finally, based on the results of the heavy metal environmental health risk index, the total carcinogenic risk value of heavy metals, and the total non-carcinogenic risk value of heavy metals, the heavy metal environmental health risk level of the metal smelting area is jointly determined.

[0110] 1) Non-carcinogenic risk assessment of heavy metals ① The non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) of a single heavy metal exposed through a single route of inhalation (inh), ingestion (oral), or skin contact (dermal) is calculated as follows:

[0111] Where: HQ inh / oral / dermal Hazard quotient via respiratory inhalation (inh), digestive ingestion (oral), and skin contact (dermal), dimensionless; ADD inh / oral / dermal The average daily exposure dose through respiratory inhalation (inh), digestive tract ingestion (oral), and skin contact (dermal) is mg / (kg / d); RfD inh / oral / dermal The reference dose for inhalation through the respiratory tract (inh), ingestion through the digestive tract (oral), and skin contact (dermal) is mg / (kg / d).

[0112] ② The total non-carcinogenic risk (THQ) of multiple heavy metals through multiple routes of exposure (inh), digestive tract ingestion (oral), and skin contact (dermal) total Total non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals (copper and lead) in a non-ferrous metal smelter in Hubei Province (THQ total ), including the non-carcinogenic risk of copper and lead in ambient air through respiratory inhalation, the non-carcinogenic risk of copper and lead in drinking water through digestive tract ingestion, the non-carcinogenic risk of copper and lead in soil through digestive tract ingestion, the non-carcinogenic risk of copper and lead in soil through skin contact, and the non-carcinogenic risk of copper and lead in diet through digestive tract ingestion. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0113] Where: HQ i,j ——i Carcinogenic risk of a single heavy metal in the exposure medium via j exposure route; THQn ——Carcinogenic risks of n heavy metals in four exposure media through three exposure pathways; i——the i-th indicator, including four exposure media: ambient air (air), diet (food), drinking water (water), and soil / dust (soil); j——The jth indicator, including three routes: respiratory inhalation (inh), digestive tract ingestion (oral), and skin contact (dermal).

[0114] The standard calculation formula for the heavy metal environmental health risk index in the metal smelting area is:

[0115] Where: EHRI - Heavy Metal Environmental Health Risk Index n——the number of evaluation indicators; i——the i-th indicator; X i ——evaluation index scores; W i ——Weight of evaluation indicators.

[0116] Table 20

[0117] According to the threshold range in Table 21 (Environmental health risk classification standards for metal smelting areas), the corresponding environmental health risk classification standards for non-ferrous metal smelting plants in Hubei Province are THQ total <1 and 20≤EHRI<50, so the comprehensive assessment level of heavy metal environmental health risk of the plant is low risk.

[0118] Table 21

[0119] (7) Determination of the priority level of heavy metal environmental health supervision at a non-ferrous metal smelter in Hubei The heavy metal environmental health supervision priority judgment module can determine that the comprehensive assessment level of heavy metal environmental health risks of a non-ferrous metal smelter in Hubei is low risk according to the calculation structure of the aforementioned steps and the preset environmental health risk assessment level standards. The administrative area where the metal smelting area is located is Dongxihu District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province. Combined with the classification of heavy metal environmental health priority supervision levels in metal smelting areas (Table 14), the priority supervision level of this area is IV.

[0120] The above embodiments of the present invention are mainly carried out in sequence through the mutual cooperation of multiple steps, multiple modules and model programs, and realize the technical effects of comprehensive assessment, priority supervision and classification, etc. The focus is on collecting basic information, environmental data and production conditions based on the production area (in business, out of production) of the metal smelting area as the basic information for heavy metal environmental health hazard identification, receptor assessment, hazard assessment, exposure assessment and comprehensive risk assessment; using metal smelting plants and slag yards as evaluation indicators to obtain hazard identification item scores; using environmental receptors and human receptors as evaluation indicators to obtain receptor assessment item scores; using environmental hazards and human hazards as evaluation indicators to obtain hazard assessment item scores; using external exposure and internal exposure as evaluation indicators to obtain exposure assessment item scores; finally, by calculating the environmental health risk index, the heavy metal environmental health risk assessment corresponding to each metal smelting area is graded according to the difference between carcinogenic metals and non-carcinogenic metals. For the gridding of small blocks within each assessment area, it can be subdivided according to the existing GIS gridding technology and specific supervision needs, and this embodiment will not be specifically explained.

[0121] The above embodiments describe only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. In other embodiments, within the scope of the present invention, other similar modules, data, models, information system architectures, etc. are selected to obtain technical solutions, which can also achieve the technical effects recorded in the present invention, so they are not listed one by one.

Claims

1. A method for environmental health risk assessment of complex pollution in metal smelting areas, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Building an environmental health risk assessment system According to the multi-stage, multi-model, and multi-dimensional evaluation of the environmental health risk assessment and regulatory priority grading process of the heavy metal composite pollution in the metal smelting area under multiple exposure media in steps S2-S8, a network-based environmental health risk assessment system is constructed, the system includes a cloud server and multiple terminals; the cloud server is built with an environmental health risk assessment and regulatory priority judgment program for heavy metal composite pollution, the program includes: an information acquisition module, a hazard identification module, a receptor assessment module, a hazard assessment module, an exposure assessment module, a comprehensive risk assessment module, and a regulatory priority judgment module; S2: Data acquisition and entry The geographical area where metal production activities are carried out is taken as the assessment scope to be supervised, and the overall geographical scope of the metal smelting area within the assessment scope and multiple grid blocks within it are delineated; data is collected on the environmental information of the overall area of ​​the assessment scope and each grid block, and environmental samples are collected and tested to obtain a variety of data mainly including basic information, environmental data and production conditions, which are input into the system through the information acquisition module; S3: Identification of environmental health hazards caused by heavy metals Through the heavy metal hazard identification module, the indicator systems constructed for metal smelters and slag dumps within the assessment scope are used to calculate and determine the heavy metal environmental health hazard identification scores corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block; S4: Receptor Assessment for Heavy Metal Environmental Health Through the heavy metal receptor assessment module, an indicator system for both environmental receptors and human receptors within the assessment scope is constructed, and the heavy metal environmental health receptor assessment scores corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block are calculated and determined; S5: Environmental health hazard assessment of heavy metals Through the heavy metal hazard assessment module, an indicator system for environmental hazards and human hazards within the assessment scope is constructed, and the heavy metal environmental health hazard assessment scores corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block are calculated and determined; S6: Environmental health exposure assessment of heavy metals Through the heavy metal exposure assessment module, an indicator system for both internal and external exposure within the assessment scope is constructed to calculate and determine the heavy metal environmental health exposure assessment scores corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block; S7: Comprehensive assessment of heavy metal environmental health Through the comprehensive assessment module of heavy metal environmental health risks, the scores of heavy metal environmental health hazard identification, receptor assessment, hazard assessment and exposure assessment corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block in the assessment area are combined with the corresponding weights to calculate the environmental health risk index; further, based on the heavy metal environmental health risk index score, heavy metal carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk values, the heavy metal environmental health risk level corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block is calculated; S8: Determine regulatory priorities and priority regulatory areas Through the supervision priority judgment module, according to the heavy metal environmental health risk index EHRI, the heavy metal environmental health risk level, and the preset supervision priority classification threshold range, the supervision priority corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each grid block is automatically judged, the priority supervision area is determined, and the supervision priority and priority supervision area judgment results are automatically output to carry out targeted differentiated supervision.

2. The environmental health risk assessment method for complex pollution in metal smelting areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes the following steps: S9: Validation of regulatory priority areas For priority regulatory areas and their priorities, data obtained from external data sources and sampling by detection instruments are imported as comparison data and substituted into steps S3-S8 to verify the automatically determined priority regulatory areas and their priorities; if the error is found to exceed the allowable range, the calculation model or parameters of steps S3-S8 are adjusted; S10: Dynamic update of priority regulatory areas Regularly update the data obtained and entered in step S2, repeat steps S3-S9, dynamically update the judgment results of priority supervision areas and their priorities, and continue to carry out targeted differentiated supervision.

3. The environmental health risk assessment method for complex pollution in metal smelting areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S2 specifically includes the following steps: S2-1: Obtaining and entering basic information The basic information obtained and entered includes digitized enterprise information, sensitive targets, supporting resources, population information, and slag dumps; S2-2: Acquiring and entering environmental data Environmental data acquired and entered, including basic data, hydrological and meteorological data, and pollution emission data after digitization; S2-3: Obtain and enter production information The production conditions obtained and entered include the digitized smelting process, raw and auxiliary materials, production layout, and management level data.

4. The environmental health risk assessment method for complex pollution in metal smelting areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S3 of heavy metal environmental health hazard identification is to identify the main risk sources within the assessment scope through the heavy metal environmental health hazard identification module, and then evaluate the intensity of the risk source based on the characteristics of the risk source, which specifically includes the following steps: S3-1: Metal smelters are given a maximum score of 60, which includes four indicators: metal type, smelting years, smelting process, and environmental protection measures, and scores are given according to specific circumstances; S3-2: The maximum score for slag dump is 40, which includes four indicators: storage area, storage time, protection measures, and management status, and scores are given according to specific circumstances; S3-3: Add the scores of metal smelters and slag dumps to obtain the heavy metal environmental health hazard identification score corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each grid block.

5. The environmental health risk assessment method for complex pollution in metal smelting areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S4 of heavy metal environmental health receptor assessment is to conduct receptor assessment based on the hazard identification result through the heavy metal environmental health hazard identification module, and includes the following steps: S4-1: Environmental receptors are given a maximum score of 50, including two indicators, water environment and soil environment, and scores are given according to specific circumstances; S4-2: The maximum score for population receptors is 50, which includes two indicators: population density and special areas, and scores are given according to specific circumstances; S4-3: Add the scores of environmental receptors and human receptors to obtain the final score of heavy metal environmental health receptor assessment corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block.

6. The environmental health risk assessment method for composite pollution in metal smelting areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S5 of heavy metal environmental health hazard assessment is to qualitatively describe the pollution status of the surrounding environment caused by heavy metals based on the hazard identification results through the heavy metal hazard assessment module, assign values ​​and score the index system constructed in terms of environmental hazards and human hazards within the assessment scope, and specifically include the following steps: S5-1: The maximum score for environmental hazard assessment is 70, which includes two indicators: concentration level and index discrimination, and scores are given according to specific circumstances; S5-2: The maximum score for human hazard assessment is 30, which includes two indicators: migration ability and bioavailability, and scores are given according to specific circumstances; S5-3: Add the scores of environmental hazard assessment and human hazard assessment to obtain the final score of heavy metal environmental health hazard assessment corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block.

7. The environmental health risk assessment method for composite pollution in a multi-metal smelting area according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S6 of heavy metal environmental health exposure assessment mainly assigns values ​​and scores to exposure levels based on different heavy metal exposure media and pathways, combined with population exposure information, and includes the following steps: S6-1: The maximum score for external exposure assessment is 40, which involves indicators of four exposure media and three types of exposure pathways, and scores are given according to specific circumstances; the four exposure media are ambient air, diet, drinking water, and soil; the three types of exposure pathways are respiratory inhalation, digestive ingestion, and skin contact; S6-2: The maximum score for internal exposure assessment is 60, including the indicators of exposure markers and impact markers, and the scores are given according to the specific situation; S6-3: Add the scores of external exposure assessment and internal exposure assessment to obtain the final score of heavy metal environmental health exposure assessment corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block.

8. The environmental health risk assessment method for complex pollution in metal smelting areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S7 is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of heavy metal environmental health through a comprehensive assessment module of heavy metal environmental health risks, including the following steps: S7-1: First calculate the total carcinogenic risk value and total non-carcinogenic risk value of heavy metals in the assessment area; S7-2: Combine the scores of heavy metal environmental health hazard identification, receptor assessment, hazard assessment and exposure assessment corresponding to the overall geographical scope and each gridded block in the assessment area with the corresponding weights to calculate the environmental health risk index; The standard calculation formula for the heavy metal environmental health risk index in metal smelting areas is as follows1: Formula 1 Where: EHRI - Heavy Metal Environmental Health Risk Index n——the number of evaluation indicators; i——the i-th indicator; X i ——evaluation index scores; W i ——weight of evaluation indicators; S7-3: Based on the calculated heavy metal environmental health risk index, total heavy metal carcinogenic risk value and total heavy metal non-carcinogenic risk value, corresponding to the preset threshold range, the corresponding overall geographical range and the heavy metal environmental health risk level corresponding to each grid block are obtained.

9. An environmental health risk assessment system for complex pollution in metal smelting areas, characterized in that: It is a network information system for implementing the environmental health risk assessment method for composite pollution in metal smelting areas as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising a cloud server and a plurality of network terminals; The cloud server has a built-in environmental health risk assessment program for heavy metal composite pollution in metal smelting areas under multiple exposure media, which includes: information acquisition module, hazard identification module, receptor assessment module, hazard assessment module, exposure assessment module, comprehensive risk assessment module, and regulatory priority judgment module; The modules work together to determine the priority regulatory areas through a multi-stage, multi-model, and multi-dimensional environmental health risk assessment and regulatory priority classification process, and determine the priority regulatory areas in the overall geographical scope and each gridded block.

10. The environmental health risk assessment system for complex pollution in metal smelting areas according to claim 9 is characterized by: The information acquisition module is used to collect data on the environmental information of the overall area to be supervised and each gridded block, collect and test environmental samples, obtain a variety of data mainly including basic information, environmental data and production conditions, and enter them into the system; The hazard identification module is used to assign values ​​and score the index system of the metal smelter and slag yard within the metal smelting area to obtain the heavy metal environmental health hazard identification score; The receptor assessment module is used to assign values ​​and score the index system of environmental receptors and human receptors within the metal smelting area to obtain the heavy metal environmental health receptor assessment score; The hazard assessment module is used to assign values ​​and score the index system for environmental hazards and human hazards within the metal smelting area, and obtain the heavy metal environmental health hazard assessment module score; The exposure assessment module is used to assign values ​​and score the index system for both internal and external exposure and internal exposure within the metal smelting area to obtain the heavy metal environmental health exposure assessment module score; The comprehensive risk assessment module is used to combine the module scores of regional heavy metal environmental health hazard identification, receptor assessment, hazard assessment and exposure assessment with the corresponding weights to calculate the environmental health risk index, and further calculate the heavy metal environmental health risk level of the metal smelting area based on the heavy metal environmental health risk index score, heavy metal carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk value; The regulatory priority determination module is used to determine the priority regulatory classification based on the environmental health risk assessment results, and determine the overall geographical scope and the priority regulatory areas in each gridded block; The multiple network terminals are management terminals and user terminals connected to the cloud server based on the network and used to manage the cloud server or perform data interaction with the cloud server.

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