A passive safety system and water platform

Abstract

The present invention provides a passive safety system and a water platform, which relate to the field of nuclear power platform safety design. It includes a first pipe, a second pipe and a radioactive filtering device. One end of the first pipe and the second pipe is connected to the outside of the hull, and the other end is connected to the inside of the reactor compartment. The first pipe is connected to a first check valve, the second pipe is connected to a second check valve, and the radioactive filtering device is connected to the second pipe. The passive safety system and the water platform provided by the embodiment of the present invention cool down and relieve the pressure of the reactor compartment by providing a first pipe with a first check valve and a second pipe with a second check valve. The radioactive filtering device provided on the second pipe absorbs and filters the water vapor passing through, so that the steam discharged to the outside of the hull is non-radioactive. The entire safety maintenance process does not require the participation of active facilities such as motors and pumps, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of nuclear power platform safety design, and in particular to a passive safety system and an above-water platform. Background Art

[0002] Offshore nuclear power platforms are small, mobile offshore nuclear power plants, a combination of nuclear reactors and marine engineering. They can provide safe and efficient energy for offshore oil production and remote islands, and can be used for high-power ship propulsion and seawater desalination. They also support my country's island and reef construction, maritime rights protection, and deep-sea resource development. The safety of these reactors, due to the unique fuel characteristics and high-temperature and high-pressure operating conditions, has drawn significant attention. The industry has focused on how to cool and depressurize the reactor compartment during accident conditions, mitigate the severity of the accident, and ensure the safe and stable operation of these platforms. Currently, the more mature and widely used safety features for reactor accident mitigation in nuclear power plants often utilize active systems, employing a suite of specialized safety equipment to cool and depressurize the containment during accident conditions. However, the confined space of nuclear power platforms and the influence of external marine conditions pose significant challenges to the design, installation, and operational reliability of these active, specialized safety features. This poses challenges to mitigating reactor accidents and significantly reduces the effectiveness of these safety features. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a passive safety system to solve the defect of insufficient cooling reliability of active systems in the prior art.

[0004] According to the present invention, a passive safety system is provided, comprising a first pipe, a second pipe and a radioactive filtering device;

[0005] One end of the first pipe and the second pipe is connected to the outside of the hull, and the other end is connected to the inside of the stack compartment;

[0006] The first pipeline is connected to a first check valve, the first check valve restricts the fluid from passing in a direction away from the stack compartment, and the second pipeline is connected to a second check valve, the second check valve restricts the fluid from passing in a direction close to the stack compartment;

[0007] The radioactive filtering device is connected to the second pipe.

[0008] According to a passive safety system provided by the present invention, the second pipeline is connected to a radiation sensor located at the discharge end of the radioactive filtering device and the first valve.

[0009] A passive safety system provided according to the present invention further includes a spray device, which is arranged in the stack compartment, and one end of the first pipe extends into the stack compartment and is connected to the spray device.

[0010] A passive safety system provided according to the present invention further includes a first manifold, one end of which is communicated with the first pipe and the second pipe respectively, and the other end of which is communicated with the interior of the reactor compartment.

[0011] According to a passive safety system provided by the present invention, the second pipeline is connected to a third check valve located at the inlet end of the radioactive filtering device, and the third check valve restricts the fluid from passing in a direction close to the reactor compartment.

[0012] A passive safety system provided according to the present invention also includes a first branch pipe and a second branch pipe respectively connected to one end of the first manifold close to the stack compartment, the first manifold is connected to the interior of the stack compartment through the first branch pipe, the first manifold is connected to the spray device through the second branch pipe, and a fourth check valve is connected to the first branch pipe, which limits the fluid from passing through in a direction close to the stack compartment.

[0013] According to a passive safety system provided by the present invention, a flow limiting valve is connected to the first pipeline.

[0014] A passive safety system provided according to the present invention further includes a second manifold, one end of which is connected to the outside of the hull, and the other end of which is connected to the first pipeline and the second pipeline respectively.

[0015] According to a passive safety system provided by the present invention, the second manifold is connected to a second valve and a regulating valve.

[0016] The present invention also provides an above-water platform, comprising a hull and any one of the above-mentioned passive safety systems, wherein a stack compartment is provided in the hull.

[0017] The present invention provides a passive safety system and a floating platform that connect the stack compartment to the exterior of the ship's hull via a first and second pipe. A first check valve is connected to the first pipe to restrict fluid flow away from the stack compartment, thereby preventing gas from escaping the stack compartment through the first pipe. A second check valve is connected to the second pipe to restrict fluid flow toward the stack compartment, thereby preventing external cooling water from entering the stack compartment through the second pipe. When the external water level submerges the end of the first pipe and the pressure at the end of the first pipe connecting to the exterior is higher than the pressure at the end connecting to the interior of the stack compartment, external cooling water from the ship's hull flows through the first pipe into the stack compartment, thereby cooling the interior of the stack compartment. When the pressure at the end of the second pipe connecting to the exterior is lower than the pressure at the end connecting to the interior of the stack compartment, high-temperature, high-pressure steam from the stack compartment is discharged through the second pipe, thereby reducing pressure and cooling the interior of the stack compartment. A radioactive filtration device, installed on the second pipe, absorbs and filters the water vapor that passes through, rendering the steam discharged to the exterior of the ship non-radioactive. The entire safety maintenance process does not require the participation of active facilities such as motors and pumps, which improves the safety and reliability of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, a brief introduction is given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of a passive safety system provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship when the first pipeline and the second pipeline provided by the present invention are directly connected to the hull and the stack compartment.

[0021] Reference numerals:

[0022] 1. First pipeline; 11. First check valve; 12. Flow limiting valve; 2. Second pipeline; 21. Second check valve; 22. Radiation sensor; 23. First valve; 24. Third check valve; 3. Radioactive filter; 4. Hull; 5. Compartment; 6. Spraying device; 7. First manifold; 71. First branch pipe; 711. Fourth check valve; 72. Second branch pipe; 8. Second manifold; 81. Second valve; 82. Control valve; 83. Filter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims of the present invention may explicitly or implicitly refer to one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more. Furthermore, "and / or" in the specification and claims refers to at least one of the connected items, and the character " / " generally indicates an "or" relationship between the connected items.

[0025] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0026] The following combination Figure 1-Figure 2 The passive safety system of the present invention is described.

[0027] The present invention provides a passive safety system comprising a first pipeline 1, a second pipeline 2, and a radioactive filter device 3. One end of each pipeline is connected to the exterior of the ship hull 4, and the other end is connected to the interior of the stack compartment 5. A first check valve 11 is connected to the first pipeline 1 to restrict fluid flow away from the stack compartment 5. A second check valve 21 is connected to the second pipeline 2 to restrict fluid flow toward the stack compartment 5. The radioactive filter device 3 is connected to the second pipeline 2.

[0028] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the first pipe 1 and the second pipe 2 connect the exterior of the hull 4 with the interior of the stack compartment 5. A first check valve 11 restricts fluid from passing away from the stack compartment 5. A second check valve 21, located at the discharge end of the radioactive filter device 3, restricts fluid from passing toward the stack compartment 5. Fluid inside the stack compartment 5 cannot pass through the first check valve 11 connected to the first pipe 1, while fluid outside the hull 4 cannot pass through the second check valve 21 connected to the second pipe 2. This ensures that external fluid can only enter the stack compartment 5 through the first pipe 1, and gas inside the stack compartment 5 can only be discharged to the exterior of the hull 4 through the second pipe 2. As gas inside the stack compartment 5 is discharged to the exterior of the hull 4 through the second pipe 2, the radioactive filter device 3 connected to the second pipe 2 filters the vapor.

[0029] Specifically, for an offshore nuclear power platform, the interior of the reactor compartment 5 is constantly exposed to high temperatures. Unlike the containment vessel of a nuclear power plant, the hull 4 of an offshore nuclear power platform is submerged. As the hull 4 sways or adjusts its position, rising and sinking, the external pressure outside the hull 4 fluctuates significantly. Therefore, when the offshore nuclear power platform submerges to a certain depth, the pressure in the reactor compartment 5 will fall below the pressure at the point where the first pipe 1 connects to the exterior of the hull 4. When the pressure at the port where the first pipe 1 connects to the exterior is greater than the pressure at the port where the first pipe 1 connects to the interior of the reactor compartment 5, cold water from the exterior of the hull 4 enters the reactor compartment 5 through the first pipe 1, cooling the interior of the compartment 5. Steam is generated within the reactor compartment 5. This steam originates from both the steam generated by the external cold water entering the reactor compartment 5 and the high-energy working fluid within the pipeline, which, after a rupture in the high-energy pipeline within the reactor compartment 5, is released into the reactor compartment 5 as steam. This steam may contain radioactive substances. The steam inside the stack compartment 5 increases the pressure therein. When the pressure therein exceeds the pressure at the connection point between the second pipe 2 and the exterior of the hull 4, the high-temperature interior of the stack compartment 5 is discharged from the second pipe 2 through the second check valve 21 and the radioactive filter device 3 to the exterior of the hull 4, thereby depressurizing the stack compartment 5. The radioactive filter device 3, which can be configured as an activated carbon adsorption bed or a zeolite filter, contains a radioactive removal material. It filters the steam passing through it, removing any radioactivity from the discharged steam.

[0030] The present invention provides a passive safety system that connects the stack compartment 5 to the exterior of the ship's hull 4 via a first pipe 1 and a second pipe 2. A first check valve 11 is connected to the first pipe 1 to restrict fluid flow away from the stack compartment 5, thereby preventing gas from escaping the stack compartment 5 through the first pipe 1. A second check valve 21 is connected to the second pipe 2 to restrict fluid flow toward the stack compartment 5, thereby preventing external cooling water from the ship's hull 4 from entering the stack compartment 5 through the second pipe 2. When the external water level submerges the end of the first pipe 1 and the pressure at the end of the first pipe 1 connected to the exterior is greater than the pressure at the end connected to the interior of the stack compartment 5, external cooling water from the ship's hull 4 flows through the first pipe 1 into the stack compartment 5, thereby cooling the interior of the stack compartment 5. When the pressure at the end of the second pipe 2 connected to the exterior is less than the pressure at the end connected to the interior of the stack compartment 5, high-temperature, high-pressure steam within the stack compartment 5 is discharged through the second pipe 2, thereby reducing the pressure and cooling of the interior of the stack compartment 5. Radioactive filter device 3, installed on second pipe 2, absorbs and filters the water vapor passing through it, rendering the steam discharged to the exterior of hull 4 radioactive. The entire safety maintenance process eliminates the need for active equipment like motors and pumps, enhancing the safety and reliability of the equipment.

[0031] In one embodiment, the second pipe 2 is connected to a radiation sensor 22 and a first valve 23 located at the discharge end of the radioactive filtering device 3 .

[0032] Specifically, if Figure 1 As shown, a radiation sensor 22 is connected to the discharge end of the radioactive filter 3 to detect the radiation level of the steam discharged to the outside. When the radiation level of the discharged steam meets the emission standards, the first valve 23 is kept open. If the radiation sensor 22 detects that the discharged steam does not meet the emission standards, the first valve 23 is closed and the radioactive filter 3 is replaced and maintained to prevent contamination caused by the discharged steam.

[0033] Furthermore, it also includes a spray device 6, which is arranged in the stack compartment 5, and one end of the first pipe 1 extends into the stack compartment 5 and is connected to the spray device 6.

[0034] In an optional embodiment, if Figure 2 As shown, the first pipe 1 and the second pipe 2 are respectively connected to the interior of the stack compartment 5. A spray device 6 is provided, comprising multiple spray heads, and is connected to the end of the first pipe 1 extending into the stack compartment 5. The cold water entering the stack compartment 5 cools the interior of the stack compartment 5 by spraying, thereby improving the cooling effect within the stack compartment 5.

[0035] In an optional embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the system further includes a first manifold 7, one end of which is connected to the first pipe 1 and the second pipe 2, respectively, and the other end of which is connected to the spray device 6. The ends of the first pipe 1 and the second pipe 2 meet at the first manifold 7, and the first pipe 1 and the second pipe 2 are connected to the interior of the stack compartment 5 through the first manifold 7. The end of the first manifold 7 extends into the interior of the stack compartment 5 and is connected to the spray device 6. Steam discharged from the interior of the stack compartment 5 enters the second pipe 2 through the first manifold 7, and cold water input from the first pipe 1 enters the stack compartment 5 through the first manifold 7 and is sprayed by the spray device 6.

[0036] Furthermore, the second pipe 2 is connected to a third check valve 24 located at the inlet end of the radioactive filtering device 3, and the third check valve 24 restricts the fluid from passing in the direction close to the stack 5. Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, the first pipe 1 and the second pipe 2 meet at one end of the stack compartment 5 close to the end of the first manifold 7. A third check valve 24 is provided at the inlet end of the radioactive filter device 3 to prevent the material in the radioactive filter device 3 from being carried into the spray device 6 by the backflowing fluid during spray cooling.

[0037] In an optional embodiment, the first branch pipe 71 and the second branch pipe 72 are respectively connected to the first manifold at one end close to the stack compartment 5. The first manifold is connected to the interior of the stack compartment 5 through the first branch pipe 71, and the first manifold is connected to the spray device 6 through the second branch pipe 72. The first branch pipe 71 is connected to a fourth check valve 711, which limits the fluid from passing through in the direction close to the stack compartment 5.

[0038] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the first manifold, at one end near the reactor compartment 5, connects to a first branch pipe 71 and a second branch pipe 72. Multiple first branch pipes 71 can be provided, each communicating with the interior of the reactor compartment 5. The second branch pipe 72 communicates with the spray device 6. A fourth check valve 711 is connected to the first branch pipe 71. This restricts fluid from passing in the direction toward the reactor compartment 5, preventing incoming cold water from passing through the fourth check valve 711 and allowing it to be discharged only from the spray device 6, thereby enhancing the spray cooling effect.

[0039] Furthermore, a flow limiting valve 12 is connected to the first pipeline 1. The flow limiting valve 12 ensures that the spray flow rate is controllable under different external pressure conditions, and prevents the platform from sinking rapidly after excessive spray water is introduced.

[0040] In an optional embodiment, if Figure 2 As shown, the first pipe 1 and the second pipe 2 are directly connected to the outside of the hull 4 at the side away from the stack compartment 5.

[0041] In another optional embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, it also includes a second manifold 8, one end of which is connected to the outside of the hull 4, and the other end of the second manifold 8 is connected to the first pipe 1 and the second pipe 2, respectively. The ends of the first pipe 1 and the second pipe 2 away from the stack 5 are connected to the outside of the hull 4 through the second manifold 8. When cooling with external cold water, the cooling water enters the first pipe 1 through the second manifold 8. When steam is discharged and pressure relieved, the steam in the second pipe 2 is discharged to the outside of the hull 4 through the second manifold 8, further reducing the use of related pipelines. Furthermore, the end of the second manifold 8 connected to the hull 4 is fixedly connected to a filter 83, which filters the cold water entering from the outside. At the same time, when pressure relief is performed, high-temperature and high-pressure steam is ejected from the end of the second manifold 8, which can simultaneously clean the filter 83.

[0042] Furthermore, the second manifold 8 is connected to a second valve 81 and a regulating valve 82. The second manifold 8 is opened and closed by the second valve 81. The flow rate of the fluid passing through the second manifold 8 is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the regulating valve 82. The regulating valve 82 can be a solenoid valve.

[0043] When using passive safety systems, such as Figure 1As shown, with the second valve 81 and regulating valve 82 open, seawater is introduced from the second manifold 8 into the first check valve 11. After passing through the flow-limiting valve 12, it flows through the first manifold 7 and into the second branch pipe 72 within the reactor compartment 5. The seawater then sprays the reactor compartment 5 with the spray device 6, cooling and reducing its pressure. As the hull 4 rises, the seawater pressure at the connection point between the second manifold 8 and the hull 4 drops, reducing the spray flow rate. Continued steam release from the reactor compartment 5 causes the pressure inside the compartment to rise above the ambient pressure. Driven by the pressure differential between the inside and outside, the steam enters the first branch pipe 71 and the fourth check valve 711, enters the first manifold 7, and then enters the second pipeline 2. It then passes through the third check valve 24 and enters the radioactive filtration device 3, where it is filtered to remove radioactivity from the released steam. The steam then passes through the second check valve 21 and the radiation sensor 22. Once the radiation sensor 22 detects that the radiation within the steam is within the permitted range, the first valve 23 opens, allowing the steam to be discharged into the seawater through the second manifold 8.

[0044] The present invention can be applied to the cooling of the stack compartment 5 under accident conditions, and can complete the passive spraying or pressure relief of the interior of the stack compartment 5 under different pressure difference conditions between the outside of the hull 4 and the inside of the stack compartment 5, so that it can be applied to various sea conditions and has high reliability. Secondly, in order to make the system simple and efficient, the system combines the first pipe 1 and the second pipe 2 of the stack compartment 5 into a system that can perform spraying cooling or pressure relief through the design of multiple check valves, thereby reducing the use of related pipelines. Compared with the active safety system of the traditional stack compartment 5, the present invention not only eliminates active facilities such as motors and pump equipment, but also reduces the use of related pipelines. It is conducive to application in marine nuclear power platforms with narrow spaces, and is convenient for subsequent operation and maintenance.

[0045] The present invention also provides a water platform, such as Figure 1 As shown, the vessel comprises a hull 4 and a passive safety system as in any of the above embodiments. A stack 5 is disposed within the hull 4. One end of a first pipe 1 communicates with the interior of the stack, and the other end of the first pipe 1 communicates with the exterior of the hull 4. One end of a second pipe 2 communicates with the interior of the stack, and the other end of the second pipe 2 communicates with the exterior of the hull 4.

[0046] A passive safety system is used on the water platform. When the platform is submerged, the water level submerges the ports connecting the first and second pipes 1 and 2 to the exterior of the hull 4. High-pressure seawater from the submerged state is used as a cooling water source. The seawater is injected into the compartment 5 due to the pressure differential between the interior of the compartment 5 and the exterior of the hull 4, cooling and reducing the pressure. When the spray water inside the compartment 5 evaporates or a rupture occurs in the high-energy pipeline inside the compartment, the pressure inside the compartment 5 increases. When the pressure generated inside the compartment 5 at the port of the second pipe 2 is greater than the pressure at the port where the second pipe 2 connects to the hull 4, the steam inside the compartment 5 is discharged to the outside through the second pipe 2. Simultaneously, the radioactive filter 3 filters the discharged steam, removing the radioactivity discharged to the outside.

[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A passive safety system, characterized in that: comprising a first pipeline, a second pipeline and a radioactive filtering device; One end of the first pipe and the second pipe is connected to the outside of the hull, and the other end is connected to the inside of the ship compartment; The first pipe is connected to a first check valve, which restricts the flow of fluid in a direction away from the stack compartment. The first check valve is configured so that when the hull dives and the external water pressure is higher than the stack compartment pressure, the pressure at the port of the first pipe connected to the outside is higher than the pressure at the port connected to the inside of the stack compartment, and cold water outside the hull enters the stack compartment through the first pipe to cool the stack compartment. A second check valve is connected to the second pipe, which limits the fluid from passing through in the direction close to the stack compartment; the radioactive filtering device is connected to the second pipe; the second check valve is configured so that when the high temperature in the stack compartment generates steam and causes the pressure to rise, the pressure in the stack compartment is greater than the pressure at the connection point between the second pipe and the outside of the hull, and the high-temperature steam inside the stack compartment will pass through the second check valve and the radioactive filtering device from the second pipe and be discharged to the outside of the hull, thereby completing the pressure relief of the stack compartment.

2. The passive safety system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second pipe is connected to a radiation sensor and a first valve located at the discharge end of the radioactive filtering device.

3. The passive safety system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a spraying device, which is arranged in the stack compartment, and one end of the first pipe extends into the stack compartment and is connected to the spraying device.

4. The passive safety system according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a first manifold, one end of which is communicated with the first pipe and the second pipe respectively, and the other end of the first manifold is connected with the spray device.

5. The passive safety system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second pipeline is connected to a third check valve located at the discharge end of the radioactive filtering device, and the third check valve limits the fluid from passing in a direction close to the stack compartment.

6. The passive safety system according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a first branch pipe and a second branch pipe respectively connected to the first manifold near one end of the stack compartment, the first manifold is connected to the interior of the stack compartment through the first branch pipe, the first manifold is connected to the spray device through the second branch pipe, and the first branch pipe is connected to a fourth check valve, which limits the fluid from passing through in the direction close to the stack compartment.

7. The passive safety system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first pipeline is connected to a flow limiting valve.

8. The passive safety system according to claim 1, wherein: The ship also includes a second manifold, one end of which is connected to the outside of the hull, and the other end of which is connected to the first pipeline and the second pipeline respectively.

9. The passive safety system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The second manifold is connected to a second valve and a regulating valve.

10. A water platform, characterized in that: The invention comprises a hull and a passive safety system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a stack compartment is provided in the hull.

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