Protective element

Abstract

A protection element comprises a fusible conductor, an electrode group and a heating piece. The fusible conductor is provided with a core metal layer and a bottom low-melting-point material covering layer. The core metal layer is provided with a first low-melting-point metal layer, a second low-melting-point metal layer and a high-melting-point metal layer stacked between the first low-melting-point metal layer and the second low-melting-point metal layer, and the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer is arranged on the lower surface of the core metal layer. The electrode group has a first electrode and a second electrode respectively connected to both ends of the fusible conductor. The heating element is arranged below the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer, so that the temperature is raised when overvoltage occurs and the fusible conductor is fused.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a protection element, and more particularly to a protection element with fast blowout and wide operating current range. Background Art

[0002] The existing protection elements for cutting off overcurrent are widely known as current fuses made of low-melting-point metal bodies such as lead, tin, and antimony. Later, in terms of preventing overcurrent and overvoltage, protection elements were continuously developed, which include a heating layer and a low-melting-point metal layer stacked in sequence on a flat substrate. When overvoltage occurs, the heating body will generate heat, and the heat will be transferred from the bottom to the top, heating the electrode carrying the low-melting-point metal body, thereby melting the low-melting-point metal body and cutting off the current flowing through, thereby protecting the related circuits or electronic devices.

[0003] In recent years, mobile devices have become highly popular. Information products such as mobile phones, computers, and personal mobile assistants can be seen everywhere, making people increasingly dependent on information products. However, from time to time, there are news reports about the explosion of batteries in portable electronic products such as mobile phones during the charging and discharging process. Therefore, manufacturers have gradually improved the design of the above-mentioned overcurrent and overvoltage protection components, and enhanced the protection measures for the battery during the charging and discharging process to prevent the battery from exploding due to overvoltage or overcurrent during the charging and discharging process.

[0004] The protection method of the protection element is to connect the fuse in the protection element in series with the battery circuit, and to electrically connect the low-melting-point metal layer and the heating layer in the protection element to the switch and the integrated circuit (IC) element. In this way, when the IC element measures an overvoltage, the switch will be turned on, so that the current passes through the heating layer in the protection element, causing the heating layer to generate heat to melt the fuse, thereby causing the battery circuit to be disconnected to achieve overvoltage protection. Those skilled in the art can also fully understand that when an overcurrent occurs, a large amount of current flowing through the fuse will cause the fuse to heat up and melt, thereby achieving overcurrent protection.

[0005] However, the current trend is the miniaturization of electronic products, which means that the size of electronic products used by protection components will become smaller and smaller in the future. It should be understood that as the size of electronic products becomes smaller, their internal components will be more sensitive to changes in temperature, surge current and voltage, which means that the damage caused by high temperature, surge current or high voltage surge will be amplified. The duration of high temperature, surge current or high voltage surge will more significantly affect the performance of electronic products. In view of this, the fusing rate of protection components needs to be improved. In addition, there are many types of electronic products, and their operating currents are also different accordingly. How to expand the application range of the operating current of protection components under the same structural design is also one of the important current issues.

[0006] In summary, there is still considerable room for improvement in the application range of the existing protection components in terms of the fusing rate and the operating current. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention provides a protection element having the functions of overvoltage, overcurrent and / or overtemperature protection. The main components of the protection element include a fusible conductor, an electrode group electrically connected to the fusible conductor, and a heating element located below the fusible conductor. The fusible conductor includes a bottom low-melting-point material layer covering the bottom of the core metal layer, which helps to improve the fusing rate of the protection element. While accelerating the fusing rate, the thickness of at least three layers in the core metal layer is adjusted, further allowing the protection element to have different working currents. In other words, under the condition that the structural design remains unchanged, not only the fusing rate is improved, but also the application range of the working current is wider.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a protection element includes a fusible conductor, an electrode group and a heating element. The fusible conductor has a core metal layer and a bottom low-melting-point material covering layer. The core metal layer has a first low-melting-point metal layer, a second low-melting-point metal layer and a high-melting-point metal layer stacked between the first low-melting-point metal layer and the second low-melting-point metal layer. The melting point of the high-melting-point metal layer is higher than the melting point of the first low-melting-point metal layer and the melting point of the second low-melting-point metal layer, and the thickness of the second low-melting-point metal layer is different from the thickness of the first low-melting-point metal layer. The bottom low-melting-point material covering layer is arranged on the lower surface of the core metal layer. The electrode group has a first electrode and a second electrode, which are respectively connected to the two ends of the fusible conductor. The heating element is arranged below the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer, thereby heating up and causing the fusible conductor to melt when an overvoltage occurs.

[0009] According to some embodiments, the thickness of the bottom low-melting-point material cover layer is between 0.01 mm and 1 mm.

[0010] According to some embodiments, the thickness ratio of the first low melting point metal layer, the high melting point metal layer and the second low melting point metal layer is x:y:z. x is 1 to 3. y is 1 to 6. z is 2 to 25. In addition, x:y:z does not include 1:1:25.

[0011] According to some embodiments, the thickness of the second low-melting-point metal layer is greater than the thickness of the first low-melting-point metal layer and the thickness of the high-melting-point metal layer.

[0012] According to some embodiments, the electrode set further includes an auxiliary electrode disposed below the bottom low melting point material cover layer and between the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0013] According to some embodiments, it further comprises an insulating layer disposed between the heating element and the auxiliary electrode. The electrode group is disposed on the substrate, and the insulating layer covers the heating element and is attached to the substrate.

[0014] According to some embodiments, the bottom low melting point material capping layer has a thin region, wherein the thin region is between the first electrode and the auxiliary electrode and between the second electrode and the auxiliary electrode, and gradually becomes thinner in a direction away from the first electrode, the second electrode and the auxiliary electrode.

[0015] According to some embodiments, based on the top view area of ​​the core metal layer being 100%, the top view area of ​​the bottom low melting point material covering layer is 30% to 90%.

[0016] According to some embodiments, based on the top view area of ​​the core metal layer being 100%, the top view area of ​​the bottom low melting point material covering layer is 60% to 90%.

[0017] According to some embodiments, the bottom low melting point material capping layer includes tin-silver alloy, tin-silver-copper alloy, tin-antimony alloy, tin-lead-silver alloy, tin-bismuth-silver alloy, tin-lead-bismuth alloy, or a combination thereof.

[0018] According to some embodiments, the bottom low melting point material capping layer does not contain gold.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a protection element includes a fusible conductor, an electrode group and a heating element. The fusible conductor has a core metal layer and a bottom low melting point material covering layer. The core metal layer is composed of a low melting point metal layer and a high melting point metal layer. The low melting point metal layer covers the upper surface and the lower surface of the high melting point metal layer, and the melting point of the low melting point metal layer is lower than the melting point of the high melting point metal layer. The bottom low melting point material covering layer is arranged on the lower surface of the core metal layer. The electrode group has a first electrode and a second electrode, which are respectively connected to the two ends of the fusible conductor. The heating element is arranged below the bottom low melting point material covering layer, thereby heating up and causing the fusible conductor to melt when an overvoltage occurs.

[0020] According to some embodiments, the thickness of the bottom low-melting-point material cover layer is between 0.01 mm and 1 mm.

[0021] According to some embodiments, the ratio of the thickness of the low melting point metal layer to the thickness of the high melting point metal layer is x:y. x is 1 to 3. y is 1 to 10. In addition, x:y does not include 1:10.

[0022] According to some embodiments, the bottom low melting point material capping layer includes tin-silver alloy, tin-silver-copper alloy, tin-antimony alloy, tin-lead-silver alloy, tin-bismuth-silver alloy, tin-lead-bismuth alloy, or a combination thereof.

[0023] According to some embodiments, the bottom low melting point material capping layer does not contain gold.

[0024] According to some embodiments, the protection element further comprises a substrate and an insulating layer, and the electrode group further comprises an auxiliary electrode. The electrode group is disposed on the substrate. The auxiliary electrode is disposed below the bottom low melting point material cover layer and is located between the first electrode and the second electrode. The insulating layer is disposed between the heating element and the auxiliary electrode, wherein the insulating layer covers the heating element and is attached to the substrate.

[0025] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a protection element includes a fusible conductor, an electrode group and a heating element. The fusible conductor has a core metal layer and a bottom low melting point material covering layer. The core metal layer is composed of a low melting point metal layer and a high melting point metal layer. The high melting point metal layer covers the upper surface and the lower surface of the low melting point metal layer, and the melting point of the low melting point metal layer is lower than the melting point of the high melting point metal layer. The bottom low melting point material covering layer is arranged on the lower surface of the core metal layer. The electrode group has a first electrode and a second electrode, which are respectively connected to the two ends of the fusible conductor. The heating element is arranged below the bottom low melting point material covering layer, thereby heating up and causing the fusible conductor to melt when an overvoltage occurs.

[0026] According to some embodiments, the thickness of the bottom low-melting-point material cover layer is between 0.01 mm and 1 mm.

[0027] According to some embodiments, the ratio of the thickness of the low melting point metal layer to the thickness of the high melting point metal layer is x:y. x is 1 to 25. y is 1 to 3. In addition, x:y does not include 25:1.

[0028] According to some embodiments, the bottom low melting point material capping layer includes tin-silver alloy, tin-silver-copper alloy, tin-antimony alloy, tin-lead-silver alloy, tin-bismuth-silver alloy, tin-lead-bismuth alloy, or a combination thereof.

[0029] According to some embodiments, the bottom low melting point material capping layer does not contain gold.

[0030] According to some embodiments, the protection element further comprises a substrate and an insulating layer, and the electrode group further comprises an auxiliary electrode. The electrode group is disposed on the substrate. The auxiliary electrode is disposed below the bottom low melting point material cover layer and is located between the first electrode and the second electrode. The insulating layer is disposed between the heating element and the auxiliary electrode, wherein the insulating layer covers the heating element and is attached to the substrate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 A top view showing a protection element according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2a show Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the protection element along line segment AA;

[0033] Figure 2b show Figure 2a An embodiment of a protection element;

[0034] Figure 2c show Figure 2a An embodiment of a protection element;

[0035] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view showing a protection element according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view showing a protection element according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view showing a protection element according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view showing a protection element according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention; and

[0039] Figure 7 A cross-sectional view showing a protection element according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] The reference numerals are described as follows:

[0041] 10 Protection components

[0042] 11 substrate

[0043] 12a First electrode

[0044] 12b Second electrode

[0045] 12c The third electrode

[0046] 12d fourth electrode

[0047] 12e auxiliary electrode

[0048] 13 Heating element

[0049] 14 Insulation layer

[0050] 15, 25 fusible conductor

[0051] 15a, 25a bottom low melting point material covering layer

[0052] 15b first low melting point metal layer

[0053] 15c, 25c high melting point metal layer

[0054] 15d Second low melting point metal layer

[0055] 15e, 25d Top low melting point material covering layer

[0056] 16 Cover

[0057] 16a convex column

[0058] 25b Low melting point metal layer

[0059] P1 first endpoint

[0060] P2 midpoint

[0061] P3 Second Endpoint

[0062] T thin area DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] In order to make the above and other technical contents, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, relevant embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0064] Please refer to Figure 1 , showing a top view of a protection element 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The main components of the protection element 10 include a fusible conductor 15, an electrode group, and a heating element 13. The fusible conductor 15 is composed of a multi-layer metal layer and at least one layer of a low melting point material layer, and can be quickly melted when overvoltage, overcurrent and / or overtemperature occur, thereby playing a protective role in electronic products. The electrode group includes a first electrode 12a, a second electrode 12b, a third electrode 12c, a fourth electrode 12d, and an auxiliary electrode 12e. The first electrode 12a, the second electrode 12b, the third electrode 12c, and the fourth electrode 12d are printed on a substrate 11, and the auxiliary electrode 12e is pulled out perpendicular to the third electrode 12c and extends parallel to the substrate 11 toward the right in the top view. The first electrode 12a is electrically connected to the power input terminal, and the second electrode 12b is electrically connected to the power output terminal. The fusible conductor 15 is not attached to the substrate 11 and is connected across the first electrode 12a and the second electrode 12b, so that it is connected in series with the electronic product (such as a battery) to be protected. When the current flowing through is too large or the temperature is too high, the fusible conductor 15 will self-heat and be melted, preventing the battery from exploding during the charging and discharging process. In addition, in order to further improve the melting efficiency of the fusible conductor 15, a heating element 13 that can actively melt the fusible conductor 15 is further provided below it. More specifically, the heating element 13 is arranged on the substrate 11 and connected to the third electrode 12c and the fourth electrode 12d. The fusible conductor 15 and the heating element 13 are electrically connected to the switch and the detection element. When the detection element measures an overvoltage, the switch is switched to make the heating element 13 electrically conductive. The current flows through the heating element 13, causing the heating element 13 to generate heat and melt the fusible conductor 15. In addition, the auxiliary electrode 12e directly contacts the fusible conductor 15, which helps to transfer the heat generated by the heating element 13 and absorb the molten fusible conductor 15. An insulating layer 14 is further included between the auxiliary electrode 12e and the heating element 13. The insulating layer 14 covers the heating element 13 and extends beyond the heating element 13 toward the first electrode 12a and the second electrode 12b, respectively, and is attached to the substrate 11. Figure 1In the figure, the solid line is used to show the exposed part when viewed from above, and the dotted line is used to show the covered part when viewed from above. It can be seen that in the central block of the top view, the protection element 10 includes a fusible conductor 15, an auxiliary electrode 12e, an insulating layer 14 and a heating element 13 stacked in order from top to bottom.

[0065] Figure 2a show Figure 1 The cross-sectional view of the protection element 10 along the AA line segment. The protection element 10 includes a fusible conductor 15, an electrode group and a heating element 13. The fusible conductor 15 includes a core metal layer as a main body, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the core metal layer are respectively covered with a top low-melting point material covering layer 15e and a bottom low-melting point material covering layer 15a. The top low-melting point material covering layer 15e includes rosin resin, a surfactant, a thickener and / or a solvent. The core metal layer has a first low-melting point metal layer 15b, a second low-melting point metal layer 15d and a high-melting point metal layer 15c stacked between the first low-melting point metal layer 15b and the second low-melting point metal layer 15d. More specifically, the core metal layer has a five-layer metal layer body, and the first low-melting point metal layer 15b, the high-melting point metal layer 15c, the second low-melting point metal layer 15d, the high-melting point metal layer 15c and the first low-melting point metal layer 15b are stacked from bottom to top. To put it another way, the core metal layer can be roughly divided into an outer layer, a middle layer and an inner layer from the outside to the inside. The outer layer is a two-layer first low melting point metal layer 15b, the middle layer is a two-layer high melting point metal layer 15c, and the inner layer is a single-layer second low melting point metal layer 15d. The high melting point metal layer 15c is stacked on the upper surface and the lower surface of the second low melting point metal layer 15d, and the first low melting point metal layer 15b is stacked on the upper surface of the upper high melting point metal layer 15c and the lower surface of the lower high melting point metal layer 15c. The melting point of the high melting point metal layer 15c is higher than the melting point of the first low melting point metal layer 15b and the melting point of the second low melting point metal layer 15d. The melting point of the first low melting point metal layer 15b can be roughly the same as the melting point of the second low melting point metal layer 15d or the difference is not much, and the difference between the two is mainly in the difference in thickness. The high melting point metal layer 15c is selected from the group consisting of tin-silver-lead alloy, silver, copper, gold, nickel or a combination thereof. The first low melting point metal layer 15b and the second low melting point metal layer 15d are selected from the group consisting of tin, tin-silver alloy, tin-bismuth alloy, tin-lead alloy, tin-cadmium alloy or a combination thereof. In another embodiment, the first low melting point metal layer 15b and the second low melting point metal layer 15d are different in melting point and thickness.

[0066] It should be particularly noted that the present invention further provides a bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a below the core metal layer. More specifically, the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a covers the first low-melting-point metal layer 15b of the core metal layer. The bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a comprises a tin-silver alloy, a tin-silver-copper alloy, a tin-antimony alloy, a tin-lead-silver alloy, a tin-bismuth-silver alloy, a tin-lead-bismuth alloy or a combination thereof, but does not comprise gold. The bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a has a lower melting point than the first low-melting-point metal layer 15b, and can form a eutectic alloy with the first low-melting-point metal layer 15b at high temperatures. The melting point of this eutectic alloy is lower than that of the first low-melting-point metal layer 15b, thereby accelerating the melting rate of the fusible conductor 15. However, the present invention notes that not all sizes or structural designs of the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a have better performance. On the contrary, when the fusible conductor 15 has five metal layers (i.e., core metal layers), slight changes in the thickness, coverage area, and structural design of the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a will significantly affect the performance of the protection element 10. In the present invention, the thickness of the core metal layer of the fusible conductor 15 is between 0.01 mm and 0.3 mm, and the thickness of the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a needs to be set between 0.01 mm and 1 mm, preferably 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm. In one embodiment, the thickness of the bottom low melting point material covering layer 15a is 0.01mm, 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.15mm, 0.2mm, 0.25mm, 0.3mm, 0.35mm, 0.4mm, 0.45mm, 0.5mm, 0.55mm, 0.6mm, 0.65mm, 0.7mm, 0.75mm, 0.8mm, 0.85mm, 0.9mm, 0.95mm or 1mm. In this way, the bottom low melting point material covering layer 15a can effectively accelerate the fusing rate of the fusible conductor 15. The fusing time of the protection element 10 is shortened from about 7 seconds to 3 seconds under an applied power of 6 watts (W); and the fusing time is shortened from about 0.1 seconds to 0.09 seconds under an applied power of 35W. In addition, under the set thickness of the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a, the present invention further adjusts the thickness of each layer in the core metal layer, thereby changing the working current (i.e., the melting current) of the fusible conductor 15. More specifically, the thickness of the first low-melting-point metal layer 15b, the thickness of the high-melting-point metal layer 15c, and the thickness of the second low-melting-point metal layer 15d are in a ratio of x:y:z. x is 1 to 3. y is 1 to 6. z is 2 to 25. For example, the thickness of the first low-melting-point metal layer 15b can be 6 micrometers (μm); the thickness of the high-melting-point metal layer 15c can be 18 μm; the thickness of the second low-melting-point metal layer 15d can be 150 μm; and the aforementioned thickness ratio is 1:3:25.Alternatively, the thickness of the first low melting point metal layer 15b is greater than the thickness of the second low melting point metal layer 15d; the thickness of the first low melting point metal layer 15b can be 18 μm; the thickness of the high melting point metal layer 15c can be 6 μm; the thickness of the second low melting point metal layer 15d can be 12 μm; and the aforementioned thickness ratio is 3:1:2. In any case, as long as x, y and z are adjusted in the aforementioned ratio, the operating current range of the fusible conductor 15 can be expanded to 78 amperes (A) to 100A. It should also be noted that the aforementioned ratio of x:y:z does not include 1:1:25. If the second low melting point metal layer 15d is too thick, the fusible conductor 15 cannot be smoothly assembled on the substrate 11. It should be understood that the fusible conductor 15 needs to be assembled to the substrate 11 by welding (such as reflow). In the aforementioned excessively thick case, the high temperature of welding will cause too much of the second low melting point metal layer 15d to melt, so that the eutectic erosion phenomenon is significant and the fusible conductor 15 is melted.

[0067] As for the electrode group, it can be seen from the cross-sectional view that the first electrode 12a and the second electrode 12b are respectively connected to the two ends of the fusible conductor 15, and the auxiliary electrode 12e is located between the first electrode and the second electrode and is arranged at approximately the center below the fusible conductor 15. More specifically, the lower surface of the core metal layer is covered with a bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a, and the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a directly contacts the first electrode 12a, the second electrode 12b and the auxiliary electrode 12e. The first electrode 12a is electrically connected to the power input terminal, and the second electrode 12b is electrically connected to the power output terminal. When the current flowing through the fusible conductor 15 is too large or the temperature is too high, the fusible conductor 15 will be melted. In addition, the heating element 13 is arranged below the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a, so as to actively increase the temperature and cause the fusible conductor 15 to melt when an overvoltage occurs. The auxiliary electrode 12e is substantially located directly above the heating element 13 and can transfer the heat generated by the heating element 13. Furthermore, when the fusible conductor 15 is melted, molten metal will be formed, and the auxiliary electrode 12e can be used as a platform to absorb and concentrate the molten metal to prevent the fusible conductor 15 from being melted incompletely. In addition, it should be noted that an insulating layer 14 is provided between the heating element 13 and the auxiliary electrode 12e. From the perspective of the cross-sectional view, the insulating layer 14 completely covers the heating element 13 and is attached to the substrate 11, and is substantially located in the middle of the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a. The bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a is not in contact with the insulating layer 14, which means that there is a gap between the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a and the insulating layer 14. The thermal conductivity of the insulating layer 14 is better than that of air. In this way, the heat energy generated by the heating element 13 can be more concentratedly transferred to the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a directly above, thereby accelerating the melting rate.

[0068] Please continue to refer to Figure 2b ,show Figure 2a Another embodiment of . Figure 2b and Figure 2a The only difference between the two is the structure of the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a. The bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a is a layer with inconsistent thickness, which means that a thinner thin area T is present in some sections. From a cross-sectional perspective, the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a is roughly divided into three endpoints. The leftmost endpoint is the first endpoint P1; the middle endpoint is the middle point P2, and the rightmost endpoint is the second endpoint P3. Between the first endpoint P1 and the middle point P2, the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a has a thin area T; and between the second endpoint P3 and the middle point P2, the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a also has a thin area T. The thickness of the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a in the thin area T gradually becomes thinner in the direction away from the electrodes 12a, 12b, and 12e. In other words, the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a has a thin area T between the first electrode 12a and the auxiliary electrode 12e, and gradually becomes thinner in the direction away from the first electrode 12a and the auxiliary electrode 12e. The bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a has another thin area T between the second electrode 12b and the auxiliary electrode 12e, and is gradually thinner in the direction away from the second electrode 12b and the auxiliary electrode 12e. By means of the above-mentioned design, the present invention concentrates the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a at the ends of each electrode 12a, 12b, and 12e, which can speed up the melting rate and efficiently configure the distribution area of ​​the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a, thereby saving the use of materials. In addition, through the design of the thin area T, the coverage area of ​​the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a can also be adjusted. For example, in the thin area T, part of the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a can be so thin as to expose the first low-melting-point metal layer 15b. That is, the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a gradually becomes thinner in the thin zone T in the direction away from the electrodes 12a, 12b, 12e, and exposes the first low-melting-point metal layer 15b, so that part of the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a does not cover the first low-melting-point metal layer 15b in the thin zone T. In one embodiment, depending on the process requirements, the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a is not included in the thin zone T, which means that the first low-melting-point metal layer 15b in the thin zone T is not covered with the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a. Through the above method, the present invention further adjusts the coverage area of ​​the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a, so as to accelerate the melting rate of the fusible conductor 15. Viewed from a top view (i.e. Figure 1), the top-view area of ​​each layer of the core metal layer is substantially equal. More specifically, taking the top-view area of ​​the core metal layer as 100%, the top-view area of ​​the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a can be adjusted to 30% to 90%, that is, the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a has a coverage area of ​​30% to 90%, which can be, for example, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85% or 90%. Under this coverage area, the fusible conductor 15 can be melted within two minutes without the help of the heating element 13. In another embodiment, in order to increase the working current, taking the top-view area of ​​the core metal layer as 100%, the top-view area of ​​the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer is 60% to 90%.

[0069] In addition, the design of the thin area T may also be varied. Figure 2c ,show Figure 2b Another embodiment of . Figure 2c and Figure 2b The difference is only in the position of the thin area T. In this embodiment, the thin area T of the bottom low melting point material cover layer 15a is located directly above the auxiliary electrode 12e. The thin area T is between the first electrode 12a and the second electrode 12b, and gradually becomes thinner in the direction away from the first electrode 12a and the second electrode 12b. In another embodiment, the thin area T can be designed to be close to the first electrode 12a and / or the second electrode 12b. In summary, the protection element 10 can adjust the position of the thin area T as needed, and no further praise is given here.

[0070] Continue to refer to Figure 3 , showing a cross-sectional view of a protection element 10 according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 and Figure 2a The only difference is Figure 3 The protection element 10 is not covered with the top low melting point material covering layer 15e. Figure 2a The thickness ratio of the core metal layer, the coverage of the bottom low melting point material covering layer 15 a , the configuration of the thin area T and other material / structural designs are all applicable to the protection element 10 of the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0071] Next, in order to more clearly describe the present invention, the following verification is performed.

[0072] Table 1

[0073]

[0074] As shown in Table 1, Group E1 is Example E1 of the present invention, and Group C1 is Comparative Example C1. Example E1 is a Figure 2aThe protection element 10 of the embodiment E1 is verified, while the protection element used in the comparative example C1 is a protection element 10 lacking the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a. In addition, the material of the bottom low-melting-point material layer 15a is a tin-silver-copper alloy. The fusible conductor 15 of the embodiment E1 has a bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a with a thickness of 0.26 mm, and its resistance is 1.75 mΩ. The comparative example C1 does not include the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a, and has a substantially equal resistance of 1.7 mΩ. In this test, the protection element is connected to a power supply, and the applied power is adjusted through the power supply to evaluate the melting time of the fusible conductor in the protection element. It can be seen from Table 1 that under a power of 6 W, the protection element 10 of the embodiment E1 of the present invention will activate the heating element 13 to cause the fusible conductor 15 to melt quickly in 3 seconds, while the comparative example C1 is more than doubled (i.e., 6.6 seconds). Under the power of 35W, the protection element 10 of the embodiment E1 of the present invention will start the heating element 13 to make the fusible conductor 15 melt quickly in 0.09 seconds, which is also less than the time taken by the comparative example C1. As can be seen from the above, when the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a is covered under the first low-melting-point metal layer 15b, the melting rate of the fusible conductor 15 can be significantly improved.

[0075] In view of the preliminary effectiveness of the above improvements, subsequent tests (Tables 2 to 4 below) further separated the fusible conductor 15 of the present invention from the protection element 10, directly applied an overcurrent and observed its fusing behavior.

[0076] Table 2

[0077]

[0078] In Table 2, groups E2 and C2 are respectively Example E2 and Comparative Example C2. Figure 2aThe protective element 10 in the embodiment E2 is verified, and the difference between the two lies in the thickness ratio of each layer in the core metal. Specifically, the fusible conductor 15 of the present test has a bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a with a thickness of 0.26 mm, and the range of the working current is further expanded by adjusting the thickness of each layer of the core metal. The core metal layer is composed of a first low-melting-point metal layer 15b, a second low-melting-point metal layer 15d and a high-melting-point metal layer 15c. The materials of the first low-melting-point metal layer 15b and the second low-melting-point metal layer 15d are both tin, and the difference between the two is only in the thickness. The material of the high-melting-point metal layer 15c is silver. The melting points of the first low-melting-point metal layer 15b and the second low-melting-point metal layer 15d are both lower than the high-melting-point metal layer 15c, which can accelerate the melting rate of the high-melting-point metal layer 15c. In addition, it can be seen from the five sets of thicknesses in Example E2 that when the thicknesses of the three are adjusted, the current required for fusing also changes. Specifically, in the embodiment E2, the thickness of the first low melting point metal layer 15b is set to 6 μm to 18 μm; the thickness of the high melting point metal layer 15c is set to 6 μm to 36 μm; and the thickness of the second low melting point metal layer 15d is set to 12 μm to 150 μm. The core metal layer is laminated within the aforementioned range, and can be smoothly assembled on the device substrate 11 by reflowing later. In addition, the high melting point metal layer 15c can be adjusted to be thicker (i.e., 18 μm to 36 μm), and a certain thickness of the low melting point metal layer (i.e., 6 μm of the first low melting point metal layer 15b and 150 μm of the second low melting point metal layer 15d) is maintained; in this way, the low melting point metal layer can cause the high melting point metal layer 15c to melt at a temperature lower than its melting point, and the fusing current of the fusible conductor 15 is also increased to 88A to 100A. Alternatively, the high melting point metal layer 15c can be adjusted to be thinner (i.e., 6 μm), while maintaining a certain thickness of the low melting point metal layer; in this way, the fusing current of the fusible conductor 15 is reduced to 78A to 82A. However, it should be noted that the relative thickness of the low melting point metal layer should not be too large. As shown in Comparative Example C2, when the thickness of the second low melting point metal layer 15d is much greater than the thickness of the high melting point metal layer 15c and the first low melting point metal layer 15b, the fusible conductor 15 cannot be smoothly assembled on the substrate 11. The reason is as mentioned above. The high temperature of the reflow will cause the excessive second low melting point metal layer 15d to erode the high melting point metal layer 15c, causing the fusible conductor 15 to fuse during assembly.

[0079] In addition, according to the results of Table 1, the thickness of the first low melting point metal layer 15b, the thickness of the high melting point metal layer 15c, and the thickness of the second low melting point metal layer 15d can be presented in a proportional manner. The thickness of the first low melting point metal layer 15b is defined as x; the high melting point metal layer 15c is defined as y; and the second low melting point metal layer 15d is defined as z. According to embodiment E2, x:y:z is 1:3:25, 1:4:25, 1:6:25, 2:1:9 and 3:1:2. The above ratios can be applied to protection elements of different models and sizes and have the same or similar technical effects. For example, the thickness of the first low melting point metal layer 15b can be between 5μm and 21μm; the thickness of the high melting point metal layer 15c can be between 5μm and 42μm; and the thickness of the second low melting point metal layer 15d can be between 10μm and 175μm. From the above, it can be seen that, when the thickness of the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a is kept at 0.26mm, adjusting the thickness ratio of the core metal layer can make the fusible conductor 15 applicable to electronic products with different working currents. In addition, considering the influence of errors and the allowable variation range, the thickness of the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a between 0.01mm and 1mm also has substantially the same or similar technical effects.

[0080] In addition to the aforementioned expansion of the operating current range, the present invention also adjusts the coverage area of ​​the bottom low melting point material covering layer 15a, thereby allowing the fusible conductor 15 to be fused within a time that complies with UL (Underwriters Laboratories) safety regulations (ie, within 2 minutes). See Table 3 below for details.

[0081] Table 3

[0082]

[0083] In Table 3, Groups E3 to E7 and Groups C3 to C5 are Examples E3 to E7 and Comparative Examples C3 to C5, respectively. Figure 2b The protection element 10 in the embodiment is verified, and the difference between the two is only the coverage area of ​​the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a. As mentioned above, the thin area T allows the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a to expose the first low-melting-point metal layer 15b above, which means that the bottom of the core metal layer is not completely covered. Specifically, in this experiment, the thickness of the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a outside the thin area T is 0.26mm, and the thickness of the core metal layer is about 0.17mm (the thickness ratio is x:y:z=1:3:25). In the thin area T, the thickness of the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a is less than 0.26mm, and gradually becomes thinner in the direction away from the electrodes 12a, 12b, and 12e and exposes the first low-melting-point metal layer 15b. In addition, the length and width of the core metal layer are both 3.5mm, so its top-view area is 12.25mm2 Thus, the coverage area of ​​the bottom low melting point material covering layer 15a is adjusted by the thin area T based on the top view area of ​​the core metal layer. The above coverage ratio is defined as the top view area of ​​the bottom low melting point material covering layer 15a divided by the top view area of ​​the core metal layer and converted into a percentage.

[0084] In Examples E3 to E7, when the coverage of the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a is 39.2% to 78.4%, the fusible conductor 15 can be fused within 2 minutes, and the fusion current is between 65A and 87A. In other words, the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a can be concentrated at the ends of each electrode 12a, 12b, and 12e, which can accelerate the fusion rate and efficiently configure the distribution area of ​​the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a, saving the use of materials. However, it should be noted that too high or too low coverage has adverse effects. If the coverage is above 90.2% (Comparative Examples C3 and C4), the amount of the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a will be too much when it is melted. Excessive molten bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a will occupy the upper surfaces of the first electrode 12a, the second electrode 12b and the auxiliary electrode 12e, which will increase the probability of the molten bottom low-melting-point material adsorbed on each electrode 12a, 12b, 12e to reconnect with each other, so that the fusible conductor 15 cannot be completely melted. If the coverage rate is less than 29.7% (Comparative Example C5), the amount of eutectic alloy formed by the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a and the first low-melting-point metal layer 15b will be too small, so the fusible conductor 15 cannot be melted within 2 minutes. It should be noted that the above-mentioned coverage rate of the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a can also be applicable to fusible conductors 15 of other sizes. For example, the length and width (length×width) of the core metal layer of the fusible conductor 15 can also be 2.3mm×2.3mm, 1.85mm×1.85mm or other sizes commonly used in other industries. In addition, considering the influence of errors and the allowable variation range, the coverage of embodiments E3 to E7 can be adjusted within the range between 30% and 90%, and have substantially the same or similar technical effects.

[0085] On the basis of the above, the bottom low melting point material covering layer 15a can also be applied to core metal layers with different numbers of layers. Figure 4 , showing a cross-sectional view of a protection element 10 according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 and Figure 2aThe only difference lies in the number of layers and thickness ratio of the core metal layer. In this embodiment, the protection element 10 includes a fusible conductor 25, an electrode group and a heating element 13. The fusible conductor 25 has a core metal layer and a bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 25a. The core metal layer is composed of a low-melting-point metal layer 25b and a high-melting-point metal layer 25c. The low-melting-point metal layer 25b covers the upper and lower surfaces of the high-melting-point metal layer 25c, and the melting point of the low-melting-point metal layer 25b is lower than the melting point of the high-melting-point metal layer 25c. The bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 25a is arranged on the lower surface of the core metal layer. The electrode group has a first electrode 12a and a second electrode 12b, which are respectively connected to the two ends of the fusible conductor 25. The heating element 13 is arranged below the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 25a, so as to increase the temperature when an overvoltage occurs and cause the fusible conductor 25 to melt. It should be particularly mentioned that Figure 4 The core metal layer of the protection element 10 may be composed of three independent layers (i.e., two low-melting-point metal layers 25b and a high-melting-point metal layer 25c stacked therebetween), or may be a coating structure (i.e., the high-melting-point metal layer 25c is partially or completely coated in the low-melting-point metal layer 25b). In addition, the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 25a and the top low-melting-point material covering layer 25d are the same as the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a and the top low-melting-point material covering layer 15e described above. Similarly, the thickness of each layer of the core metal layer needs to be adjusted within a specific range. More specifically, the thickness ratio of the low-melting-point metal layer 25b to the thickness of the high-melting-point metal layer 25c is x:y. x is 1 to 3. y is 1 to 10. Through the adjustment of the above-mentioned thickness ratio, the fusible conductor 25 can have different application ranges of working current. However, it should be noted that the aforementioned x:y ratio does not include 1:10. When the thickness ratio of the high melting point metal layer 25 c is too high, the fusible conductor 25 may fail to be melted.

[0086] It is also worth mentioning that Figure 4 The protection element 10 also includes an insulating layer 14 disposed between the heating element 13 and the auxiliary electrode 12e. Similarly, from the perspective of the cross-sectional view, the insulating layer 14 completely covers the heating element 13 and is attached to the substrate 11, and is roughly located in the middle of the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 25a. The bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 25a is not in contact with the insulating layer 14, which means that a gap is left between the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 25a and the insulating layer 14. The thermal conductivity of the insulating layer 14 is better than that of air. In this way, the heat energy generated by the heating element 13 can be transferred more concentratedly to the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 25a directly above, thereby accelerating the rate of melting.

[0087] In one embodiment, as Figure 2b and Figure 2c The protection element 10, Figure 4The protection element 10 in the embodiment may also have a thin region (not shown). That is, the bottom low melting point material covering layer 25a may be a layer with inconsistent thickness. For example, the bottom low melting point material covering layer 25a has a thin region between the first electrode 12a and the auxiliary electrode 12e, and gradually becomes thinner in the direction away from the first electrode 12a and the auxiliary electrode 12e, and / or the bottom low melting point material covering layer 25a has another thin region between the second electrode 12b and the auxiliary electrode 12e, and gradually becomes thinner in the direction away from the second electrode 12b and the auxiliary electrode 12e.

[0088] In another embodiment, Figure 4 The stacking order of the core metal layers can be adjusted, that is, the positions of the low melting point metal layer 25b and the high melting point metal layer 25c can be interchanged. Figure 4 The core metal layer of the protection element 10 may be composed of three independent layers (i.e., two high melting point metal layers 25c and a low melting point metal layer 25b stacked therebetween), or may be a coating structure (i.e., the low melting point metal layer 25b is partially or completely coated in the high melting point metal layer 25c). In this case, the thickness of each layer of the core metal layer also needs to be adjusted within a specific range. More specifically, the thickness ratio of the low melting point metal layer 25b to the thickness of the high melting point metal layer 25c is x:y. x is 1 to 25. y is 1 to 3. Through the adjustment of the above-mentioned thickness ratio, the fusible conductor 25 can have an application range of different working currents. However, it should be noted that the aforementioned x:y ratio does not include 25:1. When the thickness ratio of the low melting point metal layer 25b is too high, the fusible conductor 25 cannot be smoothly assembled onto the substrate 11. The fusible conductor 25 needs to be assembled to the substrate 11 by welding (such as reflow), and the high temperature of welding will cause excessive melting of the low-melting-point metal layer 25 b , resulting in significant corrosion of the eutectic and melting of the fusible conductor 25 .

[0089] To describe more clearly Figure 4 In the two embodiments, the present invention adjusts the thickness of the core metal layer and performs the following verification. Similarly, the fusible conductor 25 needs to be fused within the time that complies with UL safety regulations (ie, within 2 minutes).

[0090] Table 4

[0091]

[0092] As shown in Table 4 above, Groups E8 and E9 are Examples E8 and E9, while Groups C6 and C7 are Comparative Examples C6 and C7. Specifically, the fusible conductor 25 of this test has a bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a with a thickness of 0.26 mm, and the range of the working current is further expanded by adjusting the thickness of each layer of the core metal. It should be noted that the protection element 10 of Example E8 and Comparative Example C6 adopts the same configuration of the core metal layer (i.e., two layers of low-melting-point metal layers 25b and a high-melting-point metal layer 25c stacked therebetween), and the difference between the two is only the thickness ratio of each layer; while the protection element 10 of Example E9 and Comparative Example C7 adopts the same configuration of the core metal layer (i.e., two layers of high-melting-point metal layers 25c and a low-melting-point metal layer 25b stacked therebetween), and the difference between the two is only the thickness ratio of each layer. The material of the low-melting-point metal layer 25b is tin, and the material of the high-melting-point metal layer 25c is silver. The low melting point metal layer 25b has a lower melting point than the high melting point metal layer 25c, and can accelerate the melting rate of the high melting point metal layer 25c.

[0093] It can be seen from the three sets of thickness ratios in Example E8 that when the thickness of the two is adjusted, the current required for fusing also changes. In detail, the thickness of the low-melting-point metal layer 25b can be set to 6μm to 18μm, and the thickness of the high-melting-point metal layer 25c can be set to 6μm to 36μm. As the ratio of the two changes, the fusing current can be adjusted in the range between 72A and 95A. However, it should be noted that the relative thickness of the high-melting-point metal layer 25c should not be too large. As in Comparative Example C6, when the high-melting-point metal layer 25c is too thick, the time required for its fusing will be too long, and the fusible conductor 25 cannot be fused within the UL safety time (within 2 minutes). In addition, according to the results of Table 4, the thickness of the low-melting-point metal layer 25b and the thickness of the high-melting-point metal layer 25c can be presented in a proportional manner. The thickness of the low-melting-point metal layer 25b is defined as x, and the high-melting-point metal layer 25c is defined as y. According to embodiment E8, x:y is 1:6, 1:3 and 3:1. The above ratios can be applied to protection elements of different sizes and have the same or similar technical effects. For example, the thickness of the low melting point metal layer 25b can be between 5 μm and 21 μm, and the thickness of the high melting point metal layer 25c can be between 5 μm and 70 μm.

[0094] As for Example E9, the thickness of the low melting point metal layer 25b can be set to 6μm to 120μm, and the thickness of the high melting point metal layer 25c can be set to 6μm to 18μm. With the change of the ratio of the two, the fusing current can be adjusted in the range between 67A and 76A. However, it should be noted that the relative thickness of the low melting point metal layer 25b should not be too large. As in Comparative Example C7, when the low melting point metal layer 25b is too thick, the eutectic phenomenon will be significant and the fusible conductor 25 cannot be assembled smoothly. The reason is that the high temperature of the reflow will cause too much low melting point metal layer 25b to erode the high melting point metal layer 25c, causing the fusible conductor 25 to fuse during assembly. In addition, according to Example E9, x:y is 20:3, 10:1 and 1:2. The above ratios can be applied to protection components of different models and sizes, and have the same or similar technical effects. For example, the thickness of the low melting point metal layer 25 b may be between 5 μm and 140 μm, and the thickness of the high melting point metal layer 25 c may be between 5 μm and 21 μm.

[0095] The present invention can be further applied to protection elements with different structural designs. Figures 5 to 7 .

[0096] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a protection element 10 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 5 and Figure 2a The difference between the two is the cover 16. The cover 16 has a planar substrate and a peripheral wall extending downward from the planar substrate. The peripheral wall surrounds a receiving space and sets the fusible conductor 15 therein. In addition, the cover 16 further includes a boss 16a, and the boss 16a is in direct contact with the top low-melting-point material covering layer 15e. Accordingly, the top low-melting-point material covering layer 15e can be concentrated near the boss 16a. Through the design of the cover 16, the fusible conductor 15 can be isolated from the external environment and further protected.

[0097] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of a protection element 10 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 6 and Figure 5 The difference lies in the positions of the heating element 13 and the insulating layer 14. The heating element 13 of the protection element 10 can be arranged under the substrate 11 as required, and cover the insulating layer 14 thereon. The substrate 11 has an upper surface and a lower surface relative to the upper surface. The auxiliary electrode 12e is arranged on the upper surface of the substrate 11 and is in direct contact with the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer 15a above it. The heating element 13 is arranged on the lower surface of the substrate 11 corresponding to the auxiliary electrode 12e. The insulating layer 14 covers the heating element 13 and is attached to the lower surface of the substrate 11. In this way, the thickness of the layer above the substrate 11 can be thinned, and the cover 16 can also be designed to be thinner.

[0098] Figure 7A cross-sectional view of a protection element 10 according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 7 and Figure 5 The difference lies in the position of the heating element 13 and the insulating layer 14, and the number of auxiliary electrodes 12e. The heating element 13 of the protection element 10 can be arranged on the flat substrate of the cover 16 as required, and the insulating layer 14 is covered thereon. The auxiliary electrodes 12e are respectively arranged on the insulating layer 14 and the upper surface of the substrate, thereby respectively attaching the top and bottom of the fusible conductor 15. In this way, the protection element 10 with the top cover type heating element 13 can be selected according to the needs of the industry.

[0099] The technical content and technical features of the present invention have been disclosed as above, but a person skilled in the art with ordinary knowledge may still make various substitutions and modifications based on the teachings and disclosures of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should not be limited to those disclosed in the embodiments, but should include various substitutions and modifications without departing from the present invention, and be covered by the following claims.

Claims

1. A protection element, comprising: A fusible conductor having a core metal layer and a bottom covering layer of a low melting point material, wherein: The core metal layer comprises a first low melting point metal layer, a second low melting point metal layer and a high melting point metal layer stacked between the first low melting point metal layer and the second low melting point metal layer, wherein the melting point of the high melting point metal layer is higher than the melting point of the first low melting point metal layer and the melting point of the second low melting point metal layer, and the thickness of the second low melting point metal layer is different from the thickness of the first low melting point metal layer; as well as The bottom low melting point material covering layer is disposed on the lower surface of the core metal layer; an electrode group, comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, connected to two ends of the fusible conductor respectively; as well as A heating element is arranged below the bottom low melting point material covering layer, so as to increase the temperature and cause the fusible conductor to melt when an overvoltage occurs. 2 . The protection element according to claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the bottom low melting point material covering layer is between 0.01 mm and 1 mm.

3. The protection element according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first low melting point metal layer, the thickness of the high melting point metal layer and the thickness of the second low melting point metal layer are in a ratio of x:y:z, wherein: x is 1 to 3; y is 1 to 6; and z is 2 to 25, wherein x:y:z does not include 1:1:

25. 4 . The protection element according to claim 3 , wherein a thickness of the second low-melting-point metal layer is greater than a thickness of the first low-melting-point metal layer and a thickness of the high-melting-point metal layer. 5 . The protection element according to claim 1 , wherein the electrode set further comprises an auxiliary electrode disposed below the bottom low melting point material covering layer and located between the first electrode and the second electrode. 6 . The protection element according to claim 5 , further comprising an insulating layer disposed between the heating element and the auxiliary electrode, wherein the electrode group is disposed on a substrate, and the insulating layer covers the heating element and is attached to the substrate.

7. The protection element according to claim 5, wherein the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer has a thin area, wherein the thin area is between the first electrode and the auxiliary electrode and between the second electrode and the auxiliary electrode, and gradually becomes thinner in the direction away from the first electrode, the second electrode and the auxiliary electrode. 8 . The protection element according to claim 1 , wherein based on the top view area of ​​the core metal layer being 100%, the top view area of ​​the bottom low melting point material covering layer is 30% to 90%. 9 . The protection element according to claim 8 , wherein based on the top-view area of ​​the core metal layer being 100%, the top-view area of ​​the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer is 60% to 90%. 10 . The protection element according to claim 1 , wherein the bottom low melting point material covering layer comprises tin-silver alloy, tin-silver-copper alloy, tin-antimony alloy, tin-lead-silver alloy, tin-bismuth-silver alloy, tin-lead-bismuth alloy or a combination thereof. The protection device according to claim 1 , wherein the bottom low-melting-point material capping layer does not contain gold.

12. A protection element, comprising: A fusible conductor having a core metal layer and a bottom covering layer of a low melting point material, wherein: The core metal layer is composed of a low melting point metal layer and a high melting point metal layer, wherein the low melting point metal layer covers the upper surface and the lower surface of the high melting point metal layer, and the melting point of the low melting point metal layer is lower than the melting point of the high melting point metal layer; as well as The bottom low melting point material covering layer is disposed on the lower surface of the core metal layer; an electrode group, comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, connected to two ends of the fusible conductor respectively; as well as A heating element is arranged below the bottom low melting point material covering layer, so as to increase the temperature and cause the fusible conductor to melt when an overvoltage occurs. 13 . The protection device according to claim 12 , wherein the thickness of the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer is between 0.01 mm and 1 mm.

14. The protection element according to claim 12, wherein the ratio of the thickness of the low melting point metal layer to the thickness of the high melting point metal layer is x:y, wherein: x is 1 to 3; and y is 1 to 10, wherein the ratio of x:y is not inclusive. 15 . The protection element according to claim 12 , wherein the bottom low melting point material covering layer comprises tin-silver alloy, tin-silver-copper alloy, tin-antimony alloy, tin-lead-silver alloy, tin-bismuth-silver alloy, tin-lead-bismuth alloy or a combination thereof. The protection device according to claim 12 , wherein the bottom low-melting-point material capping layer does not contain gold.

17. The protection element according to claim 12, wherein the protection element further comprises a substrate and an insulating layer, and the electrode set further comprises an auxiliary electrode, wherein: The electrode group is disposed on the substrate; The auxiliary electrode is disposed below the bottom low melting point material covering layer and between the first electrode and the second electrode; and The insulating layer is arranged between the heating element and the auxiliary electrode, wherein the insulating layer covers the heating element and is attached to the substrate.

18. A protection element, comprising: A fusible conductor having a core metal layer and a bottom covering layer of a low melting point material, wherein: The core metal layer is composed of a low melting point metal layer and a high melting point metal layer, wherein the high melting point metal layer covers the upper surface and the lower surface of the low melting point metal layer, and the melting point of the low melting point metal layer is lower than the melting point of the high melting point metal layer; as well as The bottom low melting point material covering layer is disposed on the lower surface of the core metal layer; an electrode group, comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, connected to two ends of the fusible conductor respectively; as well as A heating element is arranged below the bottom low melting point material covering layer, so as to increase the temperature and cause the fusible conductor to melt when an overvoltage occurs. 19 . The protection device according to claim 18 , wherein the thickness of the bottom low-melting-point material covering layer is between 0.01 mm and 1 mm.

20. The protection element according to claim 18, wherein the ratio of the thickness of the low melting point metal layer to the thickness of the high melting point metal layer is x:y, wherein: x is 1 to 25; and y is 1 to 3, wherein the ratio of x:y does not include 25:

1. 21 . The protection element according to claim 18 , wherein the bottom low melting point material covering layer comprises tin-silver alloy, tin-silver-copper alloy, tin-antimony alloy, tin-lead-silver alloy, tin-bismuth-silver alloy, tin-lead-bismuth alloy or a combination thereof.

22. The protection device of claim 18, wherein the bottom low melting point material capping layer does not contain gold.

23. The protection element according to claim 18, wherein the protection element further comprises a substrate and an insulating layer, and the electrode set further comprises an auxiliary electrode, wherein: The electrode group is disposed on the substrate; The auxiliary electrode is disposed below the bottom low melting point material covering layer and between the first electrode and the second electrode; and The insulating layer is arranged between the heating element and the auxiliary electrode, wherein the insulating layer covers the heating element and is attached to the substrate.

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